134 results on '"Rayner, Nick A."'
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2. Approaching 1.5 °C: how will we know we’ve reached this crucial warming mark?
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Betts, Richard A., Belcher, Stephen E., Hermanson, Leon, Klein Tank, Albert, Lowe, Jason A., Jones, Chris D., Morice, Colin P., Rayner, Nick A., Scaife, Adam A., and Stott, Peter A.
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- 2023
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3. Global Daily Surface Air Temperatures from EUSTACE
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Rayner, Nick A., Auchmann, Renate, Bessembinder, Janette, Brönnimann, Stefan, Brugnara, Yuri, Capponi, Francesco, Carrea, Laura, Dodd, Emma M. A., Ghent, Darren, Good, Elizabeth, Høyer, Jacob L., Kennedy, John J., Kent, Elizabeth C., Killick, Rachel E., van der Linden, Paul, Lindgren, Finn, Madsen, Kristine S., Merchant, Christopher J., Mitchelson, Joel R., Morice, Colin P., Nielsen-Englyst, Pia, Ortiz, Patricio F., Remedios, John J., van der Schrier, Gerard, Squintu, Antonello A., Stephens, Ag, Thorne, Peter W., Tonboe, Rasmus T., Trent, Tim, Veal, Karen L., Waterfall, Alison M., Winfield, Kate, Winn, Jonathan, and Woolway, R. Iestyn
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- 2020
4. The EUSTACE Project : Delivering Global, Daily Information on Surface Air Temperature
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Rayner, Nick A., Auchmann, Renate, Bessembinder, Janette, Brönnimann, Stefan, Brugnara, Yuri, Capponi, Francesco, Carrea, Laura, Dodd, Emma M. A., Ghent, Darren, Good, Elizabeth, Høyer, Jacob L., Kennedy, John J., Kent, Elizabeth C., Killick, Rachel E., van der Linden, Paul, Lindgren, Finn, Madsen, Kristine S., Merchant, Christopher J., Mitchelson, Joel R., Morice, Colin P., Nielsen-Englyst, Pia, Ortiz, Patricio F., Remedios, John J., van der Schrier, Gerard, Squintu, Antonello A., Stephens, Ag, Thorne, Peter W., Tonboe, Rasmus T., Trent, Tim, Veal, Karen L., Waterfall, Alison M., Winfield, Kate, Winn, Jonathan, and Woolway, R. Iestyn
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- 2020
5. Global and regional climate in 2022
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Dunn, Robert J. H., primary, Sandford, Caroline, additional, Kendon, Mike, additional, Morice, Colin P., additional, Kennedy, John J., additional, and Rayner, Nick A., additional
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- 2023
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6. An ensemble reconstruction of global monthly sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration 1000–1849
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Samakinwa, Eric, Valler, Veronika, Hand, Ralf, Neukom, Raphael, Gómez-Navarro, Juan José, Kennedy, John, Rayner, Nick A., and Brönnimann, Stefan
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- 2021
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7. Intercomparison of long-term sea surface temperature analyses using the GHRSST Multi-Product Ensemble (GMPE) system
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Fiedler, Emma K., McLaren, Alison, Banzon, Viva, Brasnett, Bruce, Ishizaki, Shiro, Kennedy, John, Rayner, Nick, Roberts-Jones, Jonah, Corlett, Gary, Merchant, Christopher J., and Donlon, Craig
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- 2019
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8. OBSERVATIONS FOR REANALYSES
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Brönnimann, Stefan, Allan, Rob, Atkinson, Christopher, Buizza, Roberto, Bulygina, Olga, Dahlgren, Per, Dee, Dick, Dunn, Robert, Gomes, Pedro, John, Viju O., Jourdain, Sylvie, Haimberger, Leopold, Hersbach, Hans, Kennedy, John, Poli, Paul, Pulliainen, Jouni, Rayner, Nick, Saunders, Roger, Schulz, Jörg, Sterin, Alexander, Stickler, Alexander, Titchner, Holly, Valente, Maria Antonia, Ventura, Clara, and Wilkinson, Clive
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- 2018
9. ADVANCING GLOBAL AND REGIONAL REANALYSES
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Buizza, Roberto, Poli, Paul, Rixen, Michel, Alonso-Balmaseda, Magdalena, Bosilovich, Michael G., Brönnimann, Stefan, Compo, Gilbert P., Dee, Dick P., Desiato, Franco, Doutriaux-Boucher, Marie, Fujiwara, Masatomo, Kaiser-Weiss, Andrea K., Kobayashi, Shinya, Liu, Zhiquan, Masina, Simona, Mathieu, Pierre-Philippe, Rayner, Nick, Richter, Carolin, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Simmons, Adrian J., Thépaut, Jean-Noel, Auger, Jeffrey D., Bechtold, Michel, Berntell, Ellen, Dong, Bo, Kozubek, Michal, Sharif, Khaled, Thomas, Christopher, Schimanke, Semjon, Storto, Andrea, Tuma, Matthias, Välisuo, Ilona, and Vaselali, Alireza
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- 2018
10. THE EU-FP7 ERA-CLIM2 PROJECT CONTRIBUTION TO ADVANCING SCIENCE AND PRODUCTION OF EARTH SYSTEM CLIMATE REANALYSES
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Buizza, Roberto, Brönnimann, Stefan, Haimberger, Leopold, Laloyaux, Patrick, Martin, Matthew J., Fuentes, Manuel, Alonso-Balmaseda, Magdalena, Becker, Andreas, Blaschek, Michael, Dahlgren, Per, de Boisseson, Eric, Dee, Dick, Doutriaux-Boucher, Marie, Feng, Xiangbo, John, Viju O., Haines, Keith, Jourdain, Sylvie, Kosaka, Yuki, Lea, Daniel, Lemarié, Florian, Mayer, Michael, Messina, Palmira, Perruche, Coralie, Peylin, Philippe, Pullainen, Jounie, Rayner, Nick, Rustemeier, Elke, Schepers, Dinand, Saunders, Roger, Schulz, Jörg, Sterin, Alexander, Stichelberger, Sebastian, Storto, Andrea, Testut, Charles-Emmanuel, Valente, Maria-Antóonia, Vidard, Arthur, Vuichard, Nicolas, Weaver, Anthony, While, James, and Ziese, Markus
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- 2018
11. Community, identity and social group formations : a comparative ethnographic investigation and theoretical analysis of first generation migration into an English town
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Rayner, Nick
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304.84201767 ,Cultural Studies - Abstract
This research outlines the theoretical positions of Pierre Bourdieu's structuralist constructivism and Fredrik Barth's generative transactional ethnic process in relation to social practices, identity constructions and community formations of first generation migrant Muslins and Latina/Hispanic groups. It is proposed that although each theory appears to oppose the other, they can be synthesised to form a reflexive, mutually supportive and flexible discursive theoretical framework that can be effectively applied to the process of migration and its resultant social formations. The research theoretically considers the social delineation of such groups, the internal processes of group formation, and the significance of wider points of identity and belonging within group construction. It is found that the experiential process of migration is only made meaningful in relation to the current social world that both groups exist within and the subjective meanings of individuals collected within each group. Such subjective elements of knowledge often focus upon points of origin and current manifestations of identity. The research is based upon 12 months of residential fieldwork using methods of participant observation and various forms of interviewing.
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- 2006
12. A CALL FOR NEW APPROACHES TO QUANTIFYING BIASES IN OBSERVATIONS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE
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Kent, Elizabeth C., Kennedy, John J., Smith, Thomas M., Hirahara, Shoji, Huang, Boyin, Kaplan, Alexey, Parker, David E., Atkinson, Christopher P., Berry, David I., Carella, Giulia, Fukuda, Yoshikazu, Ishii, Masayoshi, Jones, Philip D., Lindgren, Finn, Merchant, Christopher J., Morak-Bozzo, Simone, Rayner, Nick A., Venema, Victor, Yasui, Souichiro, and Zhang, Huai-Min
- Published
- 2017
13. Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications
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Merchant, Christopher J., Embury, Owen, Bulgin, Claire E., Block, Thomas, Corlett, Gary K., Fiedler, Emma, Good, Simon A., Mittaz, Jonathan, Rayner, Nick A., Berry, David, Eastwood, Steinar, Taylor, Michael, Tsushima, Yoko, Waterfall, Alison, Wilson, Ruth, and Donlon, Craig
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- 2019
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14. OBSERVATIONS FOR REANALYSES: Reanalysis efforts depend on observations and the corresponding work feeds into public Repositories, ideally occurring one cycle ahead of reanalysis generation
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Bronnimann, Stefan, Allan, Rob, Atkinson, Christopher, Buizza, Roberto, Bulygina, Olga, Dahlgren, Per, Dee, Dick, Dunn, Robert, Gomes, Pedro, John, Viju O., Jourdain, Sylvie, Haimberger, Leopold, Hersbach, Hans, Kennedy, John, Poli, Paul, Pulliainen, Jouni, Rayner, Nick, Saunders, Roger, Schulz, Jorg, Sterin, Alexander, Stickler, Alexander, Titchner, Holly, Valente, Maria Antonia, Ventura, Clara, and Wilkinson, Clive
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Meteorological satellites -- Information management ,Meteorological research -- Information management ,Oceanographic research -- Information management ,Company systems management ,Business ,Earth sciences - Abstract
Global dynamical reanalyses of the atmosphere and ocean fundamentally rely on observations, not just for the assimilation (i.e., for the definition of the state of the Earth system components) but [...]
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- 2018
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15. An observational record of global near surface air temperature change over land and ocean from 1781 to present
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Morice, Colin, primary, Berry, David, additional, Cornes, Richard, additional, Cowtan, Kevin, additional, Cropper, Thomas, additional, Kennedy, John, additional, Kent, Elizabeth, additional, Rayner, Nick, additional, Osborn, Timothy, additional, Taylor, Michael, additional, Wallis, Emily, additional, and Winn, Jonathan, additional
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- 2023
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16. Homogenization of daily temperature and humidity series in the UK
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Brugnara, Yuri, primary, McCarthy, Mark P., additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, and Rayner, Nick A., additional
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- 2022
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17. Space-based Earth observation in support of the UNFCCC Paris Agreement
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Hegglin, Michaela I., primary, Bastos, Ana, additional, Bovensmann, Heinrich, additional, Buchwitz, Michael, additional, Fawcett, Dominic, additional, Ghent, Darren, additional, Kulk, Gemma, additional, Sathyendranath, Shubha, additional, Shepherd, Theodore G., additional, Quegan, Shaun, additional, Röthlisberger, Regine, additional, Briggs, Stephen, additional, Buontempo, Carlo, additional, Cazenave, Anny, additional, Chuvieco, Emilio, additional, Ciais, Philippe, additional, Crisp, David, additional, Engelen, Richard, additional, Fadnavis, Suvarna, additional, Herold, Martin, additional, Horwath, Martin, additional, Jonsson, Oskar, additional, Kpaka, Gabriel, additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Mielke, Christian, additional, Nagler, Thomas, additional, Paul, Frank, additional, Popp, Thomas, additional, Quaife, Tristan, additional, Rayner, Nick A., additional, Robert, Colas, additional, Schröder, Marc, additional, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Venturini, Sara, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Vliet, Mendy, additional, Wigneron, Jean-Pierre, additional, and Woolway, R. Iestyn, additional
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- 2022
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18. An Investigation into the Impact of using Various Techniques to Estimate Arctic Surface Air Temperature Anomalies
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Dodd, Emma M. A., Merchant, Christopher J., Rayner, Nick A., and Morice, Colin P.
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- 2015
19. Global and regional climate in 2021
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Kennedy, John, primary, Christidis, Nikolaos, additional, Dunn, Robert, additional, McCarthy, Mark, additional, Morice, Colin, additional, and Rayner, Nick, additional
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- 2022
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20. Homogenization of daily temperature and humidity series in the UK.
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Brugnara, Yuri, McCarthy, Mark P., Willett, Kate M., and Rayner, Nick A.
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TEMPERATURE ,SPRING ,CLIMATE change ,REGIONAL differences ,QUANTILES ,HUMIDITY - Abstract
Building on previous experience with continental and global data sets, we use a quantile‐matching approach to homogenize temperature and humidity series measured by a network of 220 stations in the United Kingdom (UK). The data set spans 160 years at daily resolution, although data coverage varies greatly in time, space, and across variables. We use the homogenized data to analyse trends of the mean values as well as the lowest and highest quantiles of the distribution over the last 100 and 50 years. For the latter period, we find large regional differences, particularly between the southeastern and the northern part of the UK. The southeast has seen a faster warming, particularly for maximum temperatures in spring and summer, and a reduction of relative humidity; the northern mainland has become more humid and only slightly warmer. These differences become more evident for the highest quantiles and reflect a well‐known pattern of climate change affecting the extra‐tropics. Among the studied variables, the increases of wet bulb temperature and specific humidity are the most spatially homogeneous and are statistically significant for most stations in all seasons except winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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21. Monitoring the local heat content change over the Atlantic Ocean with the space geodetic approach: the 4DATLANTIC-OHC Project
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Fraudeau, Robin, primary, Ablain, Michael, additional, Larnicol, Gilles, additional, Marti, Florence, additional, Rousseau, Victor, additional, Blazquez, Alejandro, additional, Meyssignac, Benoit, additional, Foti, Giuseppe, additional, Calafat, Francisco, additional, Desbruyères, Damien, additional, Llovel, William, additional, Ortega, Pablo, additional, Lapin, Vladimir, additional, Rodriguez, Mar, additional, Killick, Rachel, additional, Rayner, Nick, additional, Drevillon, Marie, additional, von Schuckmann, Karina, additional, Restano, Marco, additional, and Benveniste, Jérôme, additional
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- 2022
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22. GUIDING THE CREATION OF A COMPREHENSIVE SURFACE TEMPERATURE RESOURCE FOR TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY CLIMATE SCIENCE
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Thorne, Peter W., Willett, Kate M., Allan, Rob J., Bojinski, Stephan, Christy, John R., Fox, Nigel, Gilbert, Simon, Jolliffe, Ian, Kennedy, John J., Kent, Elizabeth, Tank, Albert Klein, Lawrimore, Jay, Parker, David E., Rayner, Nick, Simmons, Adrian, Song, Lianchun, Stott, Peter A., and Trewin, Blair
- Published
- 2011
23. THE GODAE HIGH-RESOLUTION SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE PILOT PROJECT
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DONLON, CRAIG J., CASEY, KENNETH S., ROBINSON, IAN S., GENTEMANN, CHELLE L., REYNOLDS, RICHARD W., BARTON, IAN, ARINO, OLIVIER, STARK, JOHN, RAYNER, NICK, LEBORGNE, PIERRE, POULTER, DAVID, VAZQUEZ-CUERVO, JORGE, ARMSTRONG, EDWARD, BEGGS, HELEN, LLEWELLYN-JONES, DAVID, MINNETT, PETER J., MERCHANT, CHRISTOPHER J., and EVANS, ROBERT
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- 2009
24. THE NEED FOR A DYNAMICAL CLIMATE REANALYSIS
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Bengtsson, Lennart, Arkin, Phil, Berrisford, Paul, Bougeault, Philippe, Folland, Chris K., Gordon, Chris, Haines, Keith, Hodges, Kevin I., Jones, Phil, Kallberg, Per, Rayner, Nick, Simmons, Adrian J., Stammer, Detlef, Thorne, Peter W., Uppala, Sakari, and Vose, Russell S.
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- 2007
25. Advances in the Use of Historical Marine Climate Data
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Kent, Elizabeth, Woodruff, Scott, Rayner, Nick, Arbetter, Todd, Folland, Chris, Koek, Frits, Parker, David, Reynolds, Richard, Saunders, Roger, Smolyanitsky, Vasily, Worley, Steven, and Yoshida, Takashi
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- 2007
26. An Improved In Situ and Satellite SST Analysis for Climate
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Reynolds, Richard W., Rayner, Nick A., Smith, Thomas M., Stokes, Diane C., and Wang, Wanqiu
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- 2002
27. Global Climate
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Dunn, Robert J. H., primary, Aldred, F., additional, Gobron, Nadine, additional, Miller, John B., additional, Willett, Kate M., additional, Ades, M., additional, Adler, Robert, additional, Allan, Richard, P., additional, Allan, Rob, additional, Anderson, J., additional, Argüez, Anthony, additional, Arosio, C., additional, Augustine, John A., additional, Azorin-Molina, C., additional, Barichivich, J., additional, Beck, H. E., additional, Becker, Andreas, additional, Bellouin, Nicolas, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Berry, David I., additional, Blenkinsop, Stephen, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Bodin, X., additional, Bosilovich, Michael G., additional, Boucher, Olivier, additional, Buehler, S. A., additional, Calmettes, B., additional, Carrea, Laura, additional, Castia, Laura, additional, Christiansen, Hanne H., additional, Christy, John R., additional, Chung, E.-S., additional, Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie, additional, Cooper, Owen R., additional, Cornes, Richard C., additional, Covey, Curt, additional, Cretaux, J.-F., additional, Crotwell, M., additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, de Jeu, Richard A. M., additional, Degenstein, Doug, additional, Delaloye, R., additional, Di Girolamo, Larry, additional, Donat, Markus G., additional, Dorigo, Wouter A., additional, Durre, Imke, additional, Dutton, Geoff S., additional, Duveiller, Gregory, additional, Elkins, James W., additional, Fioletov, Vitali E., additional, Flemming, Johannes, additional, Foster, Michael J., additional, Frith, Stacey M., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, Garforth, J., additional, Gentry, Matthew, additional, Gupta, S. K., additional, Hahn, S., additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hall, Brad D., additional, Harris, Ian, additional, Hemming, D. L., additional, Hirschi, M., additional, Ho, Shu-pen (Ben), additional, Hrbacek, F., additional, Hubert, Daan, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Inness, Antje, additional, Isaksen, K., additional, John, Viju O., additional, Jones, Philip D., additional, Junod, Robert, additional, Kaiser, J. W., additional, Kaufmann, V., additional, Kellerer-Pirklbauer, A., additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Kidd, R., additional, Kim, Hyungjun, additional, Kipling, Z., additional, Koppa, A., additional, Kraemer, B. M., additional, Kratz, D. P., additional, Lan, Xin, additional, Lantz, Kathleen O., additional, Lavers, D., additional, Loeb, Norman G., additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Madelon, R., additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, McCabe, M. F., additional, McVicar, Tim R., additional, Mears, Carl A., additional, Merchant, Christopher J., additional, Miralles, Diego G., additional, Moesinger, L., additional, Montzka, Stephen A., additional, Morice, Colin, additional, Mösinger, L., additional, Mühle, Jens, additional, Nicolas, Julien P., additional, Noetzli, Jeannette, additional, Noll, Ben, additional, O’Keefe, J., additional, Osborn, Tim J., additional, Park, T., additional, Pasik, A. J., additional, Pellet, C., additional, Pelto, Maury S., additional, Perkins-Kirkpatrick, S. E., additional, Petron, G., additional, Phillips, Coda, additional, Po-Chedley, S., additional, Polvani, L., additional, Preimesberger, W., additional, Rains, D. G., additional, Randel, W. J., additional, Rayner, Nick A., additional, Rémy, Samuel, additional, Ricciardulli, L., additional, Richardson, A. D., additional, Robinson, David A., additional, Rodell, Matthew, additional, Rodríguez-Fernández, N. J., additional, Rosenlof, K.H., additional, Roth, C., additional, Rozanov, A., additional, Rutishäuser, T., additional, Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira, additional, Sawaengphokhai, P., additional, Scanlon, T., additional, Schenzinger, Verena, additional, Schlegel, R. W., additional, Sharma, S., additional, Shi, Lei, additional, Simmons, Adrian J., additional, Siso, Carolina, additional, Smith, Sharon L., additional, Soden, B. J., additional, Sofieva, Viktoria, additional, Sparks, T. H., additional, Stackhouse, Paul W., additional, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, additional, Stengel, Martin, additional, Streletskiy, Dimitri A., additional, Sun-Mack, Sunny, additional, Tans, P., additional, Thackeray, S. J., additional, Thibert, E., additional, Tokuda, D., additional, Tourpali, Kleareti, additional, Tye, Mari R., additional, van der A, Ronald, additional, van der Schalie, Robin, additional, van der Schrier, Gerard, additional, van der Vliet, M., additional, van der Werf, Guido R., additional, Vance, A., additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Vimont, Isaac J., additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Vose, Russell S., additional, Wang, Ray, additional, Weber, Markus, additional, Wiese, David, additional, Wilber, Anne C., additional, Wild, Jeanette D., additional, Wong, Takmeng, additional, Woolway, R. Iestyn, additional, Zhou, Xinjia, additional, Yin, Xungang, additional, Zhao, Guangyu, additional, Zhao, Lin, additional, Ziemke, Jerry R., additional, Ziese, Markus, additional, and Zotta, R. M., additional
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- 2021
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28. Advances in the HadCRUT5 record of global near-surface temperatures since 1850
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Morice, Colin, primary, Kennedy, John, additional, Rayner, Nick, additional, Winn, Jonathan, additional, Hogan, Emma, additional, Killick, Rachel, additional, Dunn, Robert, additional, Osborn, Tim, additional, Jones, Phil, additional, and Simpson, Ian, additional
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- 2021
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29. Global and regional climate in 2019
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Kennedy, John J., primary, Kendon, Mike, additional, Killick, Rachel E., additional, Dunn, Robert J. H., additional, Allan, Rob J., additional, Rayner, Nick A., additional, and McCarthy, Mark, additional
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- 2020
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30. Global and regional climate in 2018
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Kennedy, John J., primary, Killick, Rachel E., additional, Dunn, Robert J., additional, McCarthy, Mark P., additional, Morice, Colin P., additional, Rayner, Nick A., additional, and Titchner, Holly A., additional
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- 2019
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31. Advancing global & regional reanalyses
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Buizza, Roberto, Poli, Paul, Rixen, Michel, Alonso-Balmaseda, Magdalena, Bosilovich, Michael G., Brönnimann, Stefan, Compo, Gilbert P., Dee, Dick P., Desiato, Franco, Doutriaux-Boucher, Marie, Fujiwara, Masamoto, Kaiser-Weiss, Andrea K., Kobayashi, Shinya, Liu, Zhiquan, Masina, Simona, Mathieu, Pierre-Philippe, Rayner, Nick, Richter, Carolin, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Simmons, Adrian J., Thépaut, Jean-Noel, Auger, Jeffrey D., Bechtold, Michel, Berntell, Ellen, Dong, Bo, Kozubek, Michal, Sharif, Khaled, Thomas, Christopher, Schimanke, Semjon, Storto, Andrea, Tuma, Matthias, Välisuo, Ilona, and Vaselali, Alireza
- Abstract
This report outlines the structure of and summarizes the recommendations made at the 5th International Conference on Reanalysis (ICR5), attended by 259 participants from 37 countries, in Rome (Italy), on 13-17 November 2017. It first summarizes the conference structure. Then, the key recommendations of ICR5 are given for the five main conference topics: production; observations (data rescue and preparation); data assimilation methods; quality assurance of reanalysis; and applications in science, services, and policymaking. Lastly, five high-level recommendations are proposed to managing agencies on how best to advance the field of reanalyses, which serves tens of thousands of users, via enhanced research, development, and operations.
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- 2018
32. Observing Requirements for Long-Term Climate Records at the Ocean Surface
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Kent, Elizabeth C., primary, Rayner, Nick A., additional, Berry, David I., additional, Eastman, Ryan, additional, Grigorieva, Vika G., additional, Huang, Boyin, additional, Kennedy, John J., additional, Smith, Shawn R., additional, and Willett, Kate M., additional
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- 2019
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33. Utility of the Hadley Centre sea ice and sea surface temperature data set (HadISST1) in two widely contrasting coral reef areas
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Sheppard, Charles and Rayner, Nick A.
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- 2002
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34. ICOADS Release 3.0: a major update to the historical marine climate record
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Freeman, Eric, Woodruff, Scott D., Worley, Steven J., Lubker, Sandra J., Kent, Elizabeth C., Angel, William E., Berry, David I., Brohan, Philip, Eastman, Ryan, Gates, Lydia, Gloeden, Wolfgang, Ji, Zaihua, Lawrimore, Jay, Rayner, Nick A., Rosenhagen, Gudrun, and Smith, Shawn R.
- Abstract
We highlight improvements to the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) in the latest Release 3.0 (R3.0; covering 1662–2014). ICOADS is the most widely used freely available collection of surface marine observations, providing data for the construction of gridded analyses of sea surface temperature, estimates of air–sea interaction and other meteorological variables. ICOADS observations are assimilated into all major atmospheric, oceanic and coupled reanalyses, further widening its impact. R3.0 therefore includes changes designed to enable effective exchange of information describing data quality between ICOADS, reanalysis centres, data set developers, scientists and the public. These user-driven innovations include the assignment of a unique identifier (UID) to each marine report – to enable tracing of observations, linking with reports and improved data sharing. Other revisions and extensions of the ICOADS' International Maritime Meteorological Archive common data format incorporate new near-surface oceanographic data elements and cloud parameters. Many new input data sources have been assembled, and updates and improvements to existing data sources, or removal of erroneous data, made. Coupled with enhanced ‘preliminary’ monthly data and product extensions past 2014, R3.0 provides improved support of climate assessment and monitoring, reanalyses and near-real-time applications.
- Published
- 2017
35. The potential value of early (1939-1967) upper-air data in atmospheric climate reanalysis
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Peubey, Carole, Hersbach, Hans, Comeaux, Joey, Stickler, Alexander, Jourdain, Sylvie, Mayer, Michael, Sterin, Alexander M., Haimberger, Leopold, Simmons, Adrian, Rayner, Nick, Dee, Dick, Worley, Steven J., Valente, Maria A., Poli, Paul, Brönnimann, Stefan, and Villiger, Leonie
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550 Earth sciences & geology ,910 Geography & travel - Published
- 2017
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36. The Met Office Hadley Centre sea ice and sea surface temperature data set, version 2: 1. Sea ice concentrations
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Titchner, Holly A. and Rayner, Nick A.
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- 2014
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37. CERA‐20C: A Coupled Reanalysis of the Twentieth Century
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Laloyaux, Patrick, primary, de Boisseson, Eric, additional, Balmaseda, Magdalena, additional, Bidlot, Jean‐Raymond, additional, Broennimann, Stefan, additional, Buizza, Roberto, additional, Dalhgren, Per, additional, Dee, Dick, additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Hersbach, Hans, additional, Kosaka, Yuki, additional, Martin, Matthew, additional, Poli, Paul, additional, Rayner, Nick, additional, Rustemeier, Elke, additional, and Schepers, Dinand, additional
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- 2018
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38. EN4: Quality controlled ocean temperature and salinity profiles and monthly objective analyses with uncertainty estimates
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Good, Simon A., Martin, Matthew J., and Rayner, Nick A.
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- 2013
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39. Requirements for Sea Surface Temperature data sets for Climate Research and Services
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Rayner, Nick
- Abstract
Poster presented at the 17th GHRSST science meeting (XVII), Washington DC, USA, June 6 - 10, 2016.
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- 2016
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40. State of the Climate in 2010
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Achberger, Christine, Ackerman, Steven A., Ahlstrom, A., Alfaro, Eric J., Allan, Robert J., Alves, Robert J., Amador, Jorge A., Amelie, Vincent, Andrianjafinirina, Solonomenjanahary, Antonov, John, Arndt, Derek S., Ashik, Igor, Atheru, Zachary, Attaher, Samar M., Baez, Julian, Banzon, Viva, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Barriopedro, David, Barthia, Pawan K., Beal, Lisa M., Becker, Andreas, Behrenfeld, Michael J., Bell, Gerald D., Belward, Alan S., Benedetti, Angela, Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Beszczynska-Moeller, Agnieszka, Bhatt, Uma S., Bidegain, Mario, Bindoff, Nathaniel L., Bissolli, Peter, Blake, Eric S., Blunden, Jessica, Booneeady, Prithiviraj, Bosilovich, Michael G., Boudet, Dagne R., Box, Jason E., Boyer, Timothy P., Bromwich, David H., Brown, Ross, Bryden, Harry L., Bulygina, Olga N., Burrows, John, Butler, J., Cais, Philippe, Calderon, Blanca, Callaghan, T. V., Camargo, Suzana J., Cappelen, John, Carmack, Eddy, Chambers, Don P., Chelliah, Muthuvel, Chidichimo, Maria P., Christiansen, H., Christy, John, Coehlo, Caio A. S., Colwell, Steve, Comiso, Josefino C., Compo, Gilber P., Crouch, Jake, Cunningham, Stuart A., Cutie, Virgen C., Dai, Aiguo, Davydova-Belitskaya, Valentina, Jeu, Richard, Decker, David, Dee, Dick, Demircan, M., Derksen, Chris, Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Howard, Dohan, Kathleen, Dolman, A. Johannes, Dorigo, Wouter, Drozdov, Dmitry S., Durack, Paul J., Dutton, Geoffrey S., Easterling, David, Ebita, Ayataka, Eischeid, Jon, Elkins, James W., Epstein, Howard E., Euscategui, Christian, Faijka-Williams, Eleanor, Famiglietti, James S., Faniriantsoa, Rija, Feely, Richard A., Fekete, Balazs M., Fenimore, Chris, Fettweis, Xavier, Field, Eric, Fioletov, Vitali E., Fogarty, Vitali E., Fogt, Ryan L., Forbes, B. C., Foster, Michael J., Frajka-Williams, E., Free, Melissa, Frolov, Ivan, Ganesan, A. L., Ganter, Catherine, Gibney, Ethan J., Gill, Stephen, Gill, M., Gitau, Wilson, Gleason, Karin L., Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo J., Gonzalez, Idelmis G., Good, Simon A., Gottschalck, Jonathan, Gould, William A., Gouveia, Celia M., Griffiths, Georgina M., Guard, Chip, Guevara, Vladimir V., Haas, C., Hall, Bradley D., Halpert, Michael S., Heidinger, Andrew K., Heil, A., Heim, Richard R., Hennon, Paula A., Henry, Greg H. R., Hidalgo, Hugo G., Hilburn, Kyle, Hirschi, Joel J. M., Ho, Shu-Peng, Hobgood, Jay S., Hoerling, Martin, Holgate, Simon, Hook, Simon J., Hugony, Sebastien, Hurst, D., Ishihara, Hiroshi, Itoh, M., Jaimes, Ena, Jeffries, Martin, Jia, Gensu J., Jin, Xiangze, John, William E., Johnson, Bryan, Johnson, Gregory C., Jones, Philip D., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kanzow, Torsten O., Kaplan, Alexey, Kearns, Edward J., Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John J., Khatiwala, Samar, Kholodov, Alexander, Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Kikuchi, T., Kimberlain, Todd B., Knaff, John A., Kobayashi, Shinya, Kokelj, Steve V., Korshunova, Natalia N., Kratz, David P., Krishfield, Richard, Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Kumar Arun, Lammers, Richard B., Lander, Mark A., Landsea, Chris W., Lantuit, Hugues, Lantz, Trevor C., Lapinel, Braulio P., Lareef, Zubair, Lazzara, Matthew A., Leon, Antonia L., Leon, Gloria, Lauliette, Eric, Levitus, Sydney, Levy, Joel M., L Heureux, Michelle, Lin, I. I., Liu, Hongxing, Liu, Yanju, Liu, Yi, Loeb, Norman G., Long, Craig S., Lorrey, Andrew M., Lumpkin, Rick, Luo, Jing-Jia, Lyman, John M., Macdonald, Alison M., Maddux, Brent C., Maier, Frank, Malkova, Galina, Marchenko, Sergey, Marengo, Jose A., Maritorena, Stephane, Marotzke, Jochem, Martinez Guingla, Rodney, Maslanik, Jochem, Masson, Robert A., Mcbride, Charlotte, Mcgree, Simon, Mclaughlin, Fiona, Mcpeters, Rich, Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl A., Medany, Mahmoud A., Meier, Walt, Meinen, Christopher S., Merrifield, Mark A., Miller, Laury, Mitchum, Gary T., Montzka, Steve, Morcrette, Jean-Jacques, Mote, Thomas, Muhle, Jens, Mullan, A. Brett, Murray, Don, Nash, Eric R., Nerem, Steven R., Newman, Paul A., Nishino, S., Njau, Leonard, Noetzli, J., Oberbauer, S. F., Oberman, Naum, Obregon, Andre, Ogallo, Laban, Oludhe, Christopher, O Malley, Robert T., Overland, James, Park, Geun-Ha, Parker, David E., Pasch, Richard J., Pegion, Phil, Peltier, Alexandre, Pelto, Mauri S., Penalba, Olga C., Perez, Ramon S., Perlwitz, Judith, Perovich, Donald, Peterson, Thomas C., Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, David, Pinzon, Jorge E., Pitts, Michael C., Proshutinsky, A., Quegan, S., Quintana, Juan, Quintero, Alexander, Rabe, B., Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh, Rajeevan, Madhavan, Rayner, Darren, Rayner, Nick A., Raynolds, Martha K., Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N., Reagan, James R., Reid, Phillip, Renwick, James A., Revadekar, Jayashree, Reynolds, Richard W., Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Rignot, Eric, Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Rogers, Mark, Romanovsky, Vladimir, Romero-Cruz, Fernando, Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen, Rossi, Shawn, Rutledge, Glenn, Saatchi, Sassan, Sabine, Christopher L., Saha, Suranjana, Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sato, Hitoshi, Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schauer, U., Schemm, Jae, Schmid, Claudia, Schneider, Philipp, Schueller, Dominique, Sensoy, Serhat, Sharp, Martin, Shaver, Gus R., Shiklomanov, Alexander, Shiklomanov, N., Shimada, Koji, Siegel, David A., Simmons, Adrian, Skansi, Maria, Smith, Adam, Smith, Cathy, Smith, S., Smith, Thomas M., Sokolov, Vladimir, Spence, Jacqueline M., Srivastava, Arvind Kumar, Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steele, Mike, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stephenson, Tannecia S., Stolarski, Richard S., Tahani, Lloyd, Takahashi, Taro, Taylor, Michael A., Thepaut, Jean-Noel, Thiaw, Wassila M., Thorne, Peter W., Timmermans, M. L., Tobin, Skie, Toole, John, Trewin, Blair C., Trigo, Ricardo M., Tucker, Compton J., Tweedie, Craig E., As, D., Wal, R. S. W., A, Ronald J., Werf, G. R., Vautard, Robert, Vieira, G., Vincent, Lucie A., Vinther, Lucie A., Vinther, B., Vose, Russell, Wagner, Wolfgang, Wahr, John, Walker, David A., Walsh, John, Wang, Chunzai, Wang, Junhong, Wang, Lei, Wang, Muyin, Wang, Sheng-Hung, Wanninkhof, Rik, Weaver, Scott, Webber, Patrick J., Weber, Mark, Weller, Robert A., Weyman, James, Whitewood, Robert, Wijffels, Susan E., Wilber, Anne C., Willett, Katharine M., Williams, W., Willis, Joshua K., Wolken, Gabriel, Wong, Takmeng, Woodgate, Rebecca, Woodworth, Philip, Wovrosh, Alex J., Xue, Yan, Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai, Yin, Xungang, Yu, Lisan, Zhang, Liangying, Zhang, Peiqun, Zhao, L., Zhou, Xinjia, and Zimmermann, S.
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,13. Climate action ,Earth science ,Environmental science ,Thermal state ,14. Life underwater ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,16. Peace & justice ,Permafrost ,01 natural sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Several large-scale climate patterns influenced climate conditions and weather patterns across the globe during 2010. The transition from a warm El Niño phase at the beginning of the year to a cool La Niña phase by July contributed to many notable events, ranging from record wetness across much of Australia to historically low Eastern Pacific basin and near-record high North Atlantic basin hurricane activity. The remaining five main hurricane basins experienced below- to well-below-normal tropical cyclone activity. The negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation was a major driver of Northern Hemisphere temperature patterns during 2009/10 winter and again in late 2010. It contributed to record snowfall and unusually low temperatures over much of northern Eurasia and parts of the United States, while bringing above-normal temperatures to the high northern latitudes. The February Arctic Oscillation Index value was the most negative since records began in 1950. The 2010 average global land and ocean surface temperature was among the two warmest years on record. The Arctic continued to warm at about twice the rate of lower latitudes. The eastern and tropical Pacific Ocean cooled about 1°C from 2009 to 2010, reflecting the transition from the 2009/10 El Niño to the 2010/11 La Niña. Ocean heat fluxes contributed to warm sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic and the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Global integrals of upper ocean heat content for the past several years have reached values consistently higher than for all prior times in the record, demonstrating the dominant role of the ocean in the Earth's energy budget. Deep and abyssal waters of Antarctic origin have also trended warmer on average since the early 1990s. Lower tropospheric temperatures typically lag ENSO surface fluctuations by two to four months, thus the 2010 temperature was dominated by the warm phase El Niño conditions that occurred during the latter half of 2009 and early 2010 and was second warmest on record. The stratosphere continued to be anomalously cool. Annual global precipitation over land areas was about five percent above normal. Precipitation over the ocean was drier than normal after a wet year in 2009. Overall, saltier (higher evaporation) regions of the ocean surface continue to be anomalously salty, and fresher (higher precipitation) regions continue to be anomalously fresh. This salinity pattern, which has held since at least 2004, suggests an increase in the hydrological cycle. Sea ice conditions in the Arctic were significantly different than those in the Antarctic during the year. The annual minimum ice extent in the Arctic—reached in September—was the third lowest on record since 1979. In the Antarctic, zonally averaged sea ice extent reached an all-time record maximum from mid-June through late August and again from mid-November through early December. Corresponding record positive Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode Indices influenced the Antarctic sea ice extents. Greenland glaciers lost more mass than any other year in the decade-long record. The Greenland Ice Sheet lost a record amount of mass, as the melt rate was the highest since at least 1958, and the area and duration of the melting was greater than any year since at least 1978. High summer air temperatures and a longer melt season also caused a continued increase in the rate of ice mass loss from small glaciers and ice caps in the Canadian Arctic. Coastal sites in Alaska show continuous permafrost warming and sites in Alaska, Canada, and Russia indicate more significant warming in relatively cold permafrost than in warm permafrost in the same geographical area. With regional differences, permafrost temperatures are now up to 2°C warmer than they were 20 to 30 years ago. Preliminary data indicate there is a high probability that 2010 will be the 20th consecutive year that alpine glaciers have lost mass. Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations continued to rise and ozone depleting substances continued to decrease. Carbon dioxide increased by 2.60 ppm in 2010, a rate above both the 2009 and the 1980–2010 average rates. The global ocean carbon dioxide uptake for the 2009 transition period from La Niña to El Niño conditions, the most recent period for which analyzed data are available, is estimated to be similar to the long-term average. The 2010 Antarctic ozone hole was among the lowest 20% compared with other years since 1990, a result of warmer-than-average temperatures in the Antarctic stratosphere during austral winter between mid-July and early September.
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- 2011
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41. The potential value of early (1939–1967) upper‐air data in atmospheric climate reanalysis
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Hersbach, Hans, primary, Brönnimann, Stefan, additional, Haimberger, Leopold, additional, Mayer, Michael, additional, Villiger, Leonie, additional, Comeaux, Joey, additional, Simmons, Adrian, additional, Dee, Dick, additional, Jourdain, Sylvie, additional, Peubey, Carole, additional, Poli, Paul, additional, Rayner, Nick, additional, Sterin, Alexander M., additional, Stickler, Alexander, additional, Valente, Maria A., additional, and Worley, Steven J., additional
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- 2017
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42. SST developments needed in support of Climate Services
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Rayner, Nick
- Abstract
Presentation given at the 16th GHRSST science meeting (XVI), ESA/ESTEC, The Netherlands, July 20 - 24, 2015.  
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- 2015
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43. ESA CCI Phase-II Sea Surface Temperature (SST) - SST CCI trail blazer users: engagement and results
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Rayner, Nick and Atkinson, Chris
- Abstract
Presentation given at the 15th GHRSST science meeting (XV), Cape Town, South Africa, June 2 - 6, 2014.
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- 2014
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44. ICOADS Release 3.0: a major update to the historical marine climate record
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Freeman, Eric, primary, Woodruff, Scott D., additional, Worley, Steven J., additional, Lubker, Sandra J., additional, Kent, Elizabeth C., additional, Angel, William E., additional, Berry, David I., additional, Brohan, Philip, additional, Eastman, Ryan, additional, Gates, Lydia, additional, Gloeden, Wolfgang, additional, Ji, Zaihua, additional, Lawrimore, Jay, additional, Rayner, Nick A., additional, Rosenhagen, Gudrun, additional, and Smith, Shawn R., additional
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- 2016
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45. State of the Climate in 2012
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Blunden, Jessica, Arndt, Derek S., Achberger, Christine, Ackerman, Stephen A., Albanil, Adelina, Alexander, P., Alfaro, Eric J., Allan, Rob, Alves, Lincoln M., Amador, Jorge A., Ambenje, Peter, Andrianjafinirina, Solonomenjanahary, Antonov, John, Aravequia, Jose A., Arendt, A., Arevalo, Juan, Ashik, I., Atheru, Zachary, Banzon, Viva, Baringer, Molly O., Barreira, Sandra, Barriopedro, David E., Beard, Grant, Becker, Andreas, Behrenfeld, Michael J., Bell, Gerald D., Benedetti, Angela, Bernhard, Germar, Berrisford, Paul, Berry, David I., Bhatt, U., Bidegain, Mario, Bindoff, Nathan, Bissolli, Peter, Blake, Eric S., Booneeady, Raj, Bosilovich, Michael, Box, J. E., Boyer, Tim, Braathen, Geir O., Bromwich, David H., Brown, R., Brown, L., Bruhwiler, Lori, Bulygina, Olga N., Burgess, D., Burrows, John, Calderon, Blanca, Camargo, Suzana J., Campbell, Jayaka, Cao, Y., Cappelen, J., Carrasco, Gualberto, Chambers, Don P., Chang A, L., Chappell, Petra, Chehade, Wissam, Cheliah, Muthuvel, Christiansen, Hanne H., Christy, John R., Ciais, Phillipe, Coelho, Caio A. S., Cogley, J. G., Colwell, Steve, Cross, J. N., Crouch, Jake, Cunningham, Stuart A., Dacic, Milan, Jeu, Richard A. M., Dekaa, Francis S., Demircan, Mesut, Derksen, C., Diamond, Howard J., Dlugokencky, Ed J., Dohan, Kathleen, Dolman, A. Johannes, Domingues, Catia M., Dong Shenfu, Dorigo, Wouter A., Drozdov, D. S., Duguay, Claude R., Dunn, Robert J. H., Duran-Quesada, Ana M., Dutton, Geoff S., Ehmann, Christian, Elkins, James W., Euscategui, Christian, Famiglietti, James S., Fang Fan, Fauchereau, Nicolas, Feely, Richard A., Fekete, Balazs M., Fenimore, Chris, Fioletov, Vitali E., Fogarty, Chris T., Fogt, Ryan L., Folland, Chris K., Foster, Michael J., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Franz, Bryan A., Frith, Stacey H., Frolov, I., Ganter, Catherine, Garzoli, Silvia, Geai, M. -L, Gerland, S., Gitau, Wilson, Gleason, Karin L., Gobron, Nadine, Goldenberg, Stanley B., Goni, Gustavo, Good, Simon A., Gottschalck, Jonathan, Gregg, Margarita C., Griffiths, Georgina, Grooss, Jens-Uwe, Guard, Charles Chip, Gupta, Shashi K., Hall, Bradley D., Halpert, Michael S., Harada, Yayoi, Hauri, C., Heidinger, Andrew K., Heikkila, Anu, Heim, Richard R., Heimbach, Patrick, Hidalgo, Hugo G., Hilburn, Kyle, Ho, Shu-Peng, Hobbs, Will R., Holgate, Simon, Hovsepyan, Anahit, Hu Zeng-Zhen, Hughes, P., Hurst, Dale F., Ingvaldsen, R., Inness, Antje, Jaimes, Ena, Jakobsson, Martin, James, Adamu I., Jeffries, Martin O., Johns, William E., Johnsen, Bjorn, Johnson, Gregory C., Johnson, Bryan, Jones, Luke T., Jumaux, Guillaume, Kabidi, Khadija, Kaiser, Johannes W., Kamga, Andre, Kang, Kyun-Kuk, Kanzow, Torsten O., Kao, Hsun-Ying, Keller, Linda M., Kennedy, John J., Key, J., Khatiwala, Samar, Pour, H. Kheyrollah, Kholodov, A. L., Khoshkam, Mahbobeh, Kijazi, Agnes, Kikuchi, T., Kim, B. -M, Kim, S. -J, Kimberlain, Todd B., Knaff, John A., Korshunova, Natalia N., Koskela, T., Kousky, Vernon E., Kramarova, Natalya, Kratz, David P., Krishfield, R., Kruger, Andries, Kruk, Michael C., Kumar, Arun, Lagerloef, Gary S. E., Lakkala, K., Lander, Mark A., Landsea, Chris W., Lankhorst, Matthias, Laurila, T., Lazzara, Matthew A., Lee, Craig, Leuliette, Eric, Levitus, Sydney, L Heureux, Michelle, Lieser, Jan, Lin, I-I, Liu, Y. Y., Liu, Y., Liu Hongxing, Liu Yanju, Lobato-Sanchez, Rene, Locarnini, Ricardo, Loeb, Norman G., Loeng, H., Long, Craig S., Lorrey, Andrew M., Luhunga, P., Lumpkin, Rick, Luo Jing-Jia, Lyman, John M., Macdonald, Alison M., Maddux, Brent C., Malekela, C., Manney, Gloria, Marchenko, S. S., Marengo, Jose A., Marotzke, Jochem, Marra, John J., Martinez-Gueingla, Rodney, Massom, Robert A., Mathis, Jeremy T., Mcbride, Charlotte, Mccarthy, Gerard, Mcvicar, Tim R., Mears, Carl, Meier, W., Meinen, Christopher S., Menendez, Melisa, Merrifield, Mark A., Mitchard, Edward, Mitchum, Gary T., Montzka, Stephen A., Morcrette, Jean-Jacques, Mote, Thomas, Muehle, Jens, Muehr, Bernhard, Mullan, A. Brett, Mueller, Rolf, Nash, Eric R., Nerem, R. Steven, Newlin, Michele L., Newman, Paul A., Ng Ongolo, H., Nieto, Juan Jose, Nishino, S., Nitsche, Helga, Noetzli, Jeannette, Oberman, N. G., Obregon, Andre, Ogallo, Laban A., Oludhe, Christopher S., Omar, Mohamed I., Overland, James, Oyunjargal, Lamjav, Parinussa, Robert M., Park, Geun-Ha, Park, E-Hyung, David Berry, Pasch, Richard J., Pascual-Ramirez, Reynaldo, Pelto, Mauri S., Penalba, Olga, Peng, L., Perovich, Don K., Pezza, Alexandre B., Phillips, David, Pickart, R., Pinty, Bernard, Pitts, Michael C., Purkey, Sarah G., Quegan, Shaun, Quintana, Juan, Rabe, B., Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh, Raholijao, Nirivololona, Raiva, I., Rajeevan, Madhavan, Ramiandrisoa, Voahanginirina, Ramos, Alexandre, Ranivoarissoa, Sahondra, Rayner, Nick A., Rayner, Darren, Razuveav, Vyacheslav N., Reagan, James, Reid, Phillip, Renwick, James, Revedekar, Jayashree, Richter-Menge, Jacqueline, Rivera, Ingrid L., Robinson, David A., Rodell, Matthew, Romanovsky, Vladimir E., Ronchail, Josyane, Rosenlof, Karen H., Sabine, Christopher L., Salvador, Mozar A., Sanchez-Lugo, Ahira, Santee, Michelle L., Sasgen, I., Sawaengphokhai, P., Sayouri, Amal, Scambos, Ted A., Schauer, U., Schemm, Jae, Schlosser, P., Schmid, Claudia, Schreck, Carl, Semiletov, Igor, Send, Uwe, Sensoy, Serhat, Setzer, Alberto, Severinghaus, Jeffrey, Shakhova, Natalia, Sharp, M., Shiklomanov, Nicolai I., Siegel, David A., Silva, Viviane B. S., Silva, Frabricio D. S., Sima, Fatou, Simeonov, Petio, Simmonds, I., Simmons, Adrian, Skansi, Maria, Smeed, David A., Smethie, W. M., Smith, Adam B., Smith, Cathy, Smith, Sharon L., Smith, Thomas M., Sokolov, V., Srivastava, A. K., Stackhouse, Paul W., Stammerjohn, Sharon, Steele, M., Steffen, Konrad, Steinbrecht, Wolfgang, Stephenson, Tannecia, Su, J., Svendby, T., Sweet, William, Takahashi, Taro, Tanabe, Raymond M., Taylor, Michael A., Tedesco, Marco, Teng, William L., Thepaut, Jean-Noel, Thiaw, Wassila M., Thoman, R., Thompson, Philip, Thorne, Peter W., Timmermans, M. -L, Tobin, Skie, Toole, J., Trewin, Blair C., Trigo, Ricardo M., Trotman, Adrian, Tschudi, M., Wal, Roderik S. W., Werf, Guido R., Vautard, Robert, Vazquez, J. L., Vieira, Goncalo, Vincent, Lucie, Vose, Russ S., Wagner, Wolfgang W., Wahr, John, Walsh, J., Wang Junhong, Wang Chunzai, Wang, M., Wang Sheng-Hung, Wang Lei, Wanninkhof, Rik, Weaver, Scott, Weber, Mark, Werdell, P. Jeremy, Whitewood, Robert, Wijffels, Susan, Wilber, Anne C., Wild, J. D., Willett, Kate M., Williams, W., Willis, Joshua K., Wolken, G., Wong, Takmeng, Woodgate, R., Worthy, D., Wouters, B., Wovrosh, Alex J., Xue Yan, Yamada, Ryuji, Yin Zungang, Yu Lisan, Zhang Liangying, Zhang Peiqun, Zhao Lin, Zhao, J., Zhong, W., Ziemke, Jerry, Zimmermann, S., ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
- Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,Atmospheric Science ,13. Climate action ,Photosynthetically active radiation ,Climate ,Dynamics (mechanics) ,Data_FILES ,Environmental science ,Fraction (chemistry) ,14. Life underwater ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,Remote sensing - Abstract
For the first time in serveral years, the El Nino-Southern Oscillation did not dominate regional climate conditions around the globe. A weak La Ni a dissipated to ENSOneutral conditions by spring, and while El Nino appeared to be emerging during summer, this phase never fully developed as sea surface temperatures in the eastern conditions. Nevertheless, other large-scale climate patterns and extreme weather events impacted various regions during the year. A negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation from mid-January to early February contributed to frigid conditions in parts of northern Africa, eastern Europe, and western Asia. A lack of rain during the 2012 wet season led to the worst drought in at least the past three decades for northeastern Brazil. Central North America also experienced one of its most severe droughts on record. The Caribbean observed a very wet dry season and it was the Sahel's wettest rainy season in 50 years. Overall, the 2012 average temperature across global land and ocean surfaces ranked among the 10 warmest years on record. The global land surface temperature alone was also among the 10 warmest on record. In the upper atmosphere, the average stratospheric temperature was record or near-record cold, depending on the dataset. After a 30-year warming trend from 1970 to 1999 for global sea surface temperatures, the period 2000-12 had little further trend. This may be linked to the prevalence of La Ni a-like conditions during the 21st century. Heat content in the upper 700 m of the ocean remained near record high levels in 2012. Net increases from 2011 to 2012 were observed at 700-m to 2000-m depth and even in the abyssal ocean below. Following sharp decreases in to the effects of La Ni a, sea levels rebounded to reach records highs in 2012. The increased hydrological cycle seen in recent years continued, with more evaporation in drier locations and more precipitation in rainy areas. In a pattern that has held since 2004, salty areas of the ocean surfaces and subsurfaces were anomalously salty on average, while fresher areas were anomalously fresh. Global tropical cyclone activity during 2012 was near average, with a total of 84 storms compared with the 1981-2010 average of 89. Similar to 2010 and 2011, the North Atlantic was the only hurricane basin that experienced above-normal activity. In this basin, Sandy brought devastation to Cuba and parts of the eastern North American seaboard. All other basins experienced either near-or below-normal tropical cyclone activity. Only three tropical cyclones reached Category 5 intensity-all in Bopha became the only storm in the historical record to produce winds greater than 130 kt south of 7 N. It was also the costliest storm to affect the Philippines and killed more than 1000 residents. Minimum Arctic sea ice extent in September and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent in June both reached new record lows. June snow cover extent is now declining at a faster rate (-17.6% per decade) than September sea ice extent (-13.0% per decade). Permafrost temperatures reached record high values in northernmost Alaska. A new melt extent record occurred on 11-12 July on the Greenland ice sheet; 97% of the ice sheet showed some form of melt, four times greater than the average melt for this time of year. The climate in Antarctica was relatively stable overall. The largest maximum sea ice extent since records begain in 1978 was observed in September 2012. In the stratosphere, warm air led to the second smallest ozone hole in the past two decades. Even so, the springtime ozone layer above Antarctica likely will not return to its early 1980s state until about 2060. Following a slight decline associated with the global 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production reached a record 9.5 +/- 0.5 Pg C in 2011 and a new record of 9.7 +/- 0.5 Pg C is estimated for 2012. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations increased by 2.1 ppm in 2012, to 392.6 ppm. In spring 2012, 2 concentration exceeded 400 ppm at 7 of the 13 Arctic observation sites. Globally, other greenhouse gases including methane and nitrous oxide also continued to rise in concentration and the combined effect now represents a 32% increase in radiative forcing over a 1990 baseline. Concentrations of most ozone depleting substances continued to fall.
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- 2013
46. Communicating Uncertainties in Sea Surface Temperature
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Rayner, Nick, primary, Merchant, Christopher, additional, and Corlett, Gary, additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. An integrated database of ocean temperature and salinity observations
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Atkinson, Christopher P., primary, Rayner, Nick A., additional, Kennedy, John J., additional, and Good, Simon A., additional
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- 2014
- Full Text
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48. Evaluating Climate Variability and Change from Modern and Historical SST Observations
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Rayner, Nick A., primary and Rayner, Nick A., additional
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- 2010
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49. Sea surface temperature datasets for climate applications from Phase 1 of the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative ( SST CCI )
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Merchant, Christopher J., primary, Embury, Owen, additional, Roberts‐Jones, Jonah, additional, Fiedler, Emma, additional, Bulgin, Claire E., additional, Corlett, Gary K., additional, Good, Simon, additional, McLaren, Alison, additional, Rayner, Nick, additional, Morak‐Bozzo, Simone, additional, and Donlon, Craig, additional
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- 2014
- Full Text
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50. Assessing the quality of sea surface temperature observations from drifting buoys and ships on a platform-by-platform basis
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Atkinson, Christopher P., primary, Rayner, Nick A., additional, Roberts-Jones, Jonah, additional, and Smith, Robert O., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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