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First and foremost, the HVAC system consumes the most energy in a structure. The price at the moment of use is taken into account by an HVAC system. Since the indoor temperature fluctuates with time, load shifting can only be predicted right before use. Therefore, importance of this research is to reduce operating time by altering the indoor temperature constraint at the predicted peak time. For this research, one of the old building in Pantai Timur, Malaysia, is equipped with an old HVAC system has been selected. Before 2020, this building was not equipped with a monitoring system to control the condition of the components or ventilation rate supply in the building. Since 2020, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) has collaborated with Building Lindungan Sdn Bhd (BLSB), as building maintenance, to innovate IOT automation system for HVAC equipment of this 27 years old building. In order to find the best setting of thermal comfort for each department in this building, this paper aims to investigate the relation between room temperature and WCPU room temperature. This thermal comfort follows to the Department of Standards Malaysia (DOSM) in tropical climate condition. In this research, the building consists of 5 floors. Each floor is equipped with 2 WCPU except 1 WCPU for the 4th floor. Each floor has been supplied with a different horsepower compressor based on the area, number of departments and number of occupants for each floor. There are several parameters that affect the relation between indoor room temperature and WCPU temperature. The factor that most affects the indoor temperature is the climate change in Kemaman. Based on the average data collection (indoor temperature, WCPU temperature, and ambient temperature), the process of analysing has been performed to get the best temperature set up for the automation system. The average temperatures are determined for the morning, afternoon, and evening. Based on the average different temperature (WCPU and indoor) graph, the automation system was set up 23°C to 26°C according to the Department of Standard Malaysia (DOSM). Each WCPU consists of a different relation on the different parameter factor. The set point temperature for the WCPU monitoring system should be configured as recommended. The data and average obtained from Figure 15 are min 25.3°C and max 29.4°C for all WCPU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding flame spread behavior is crucial to Fire Safety Engineering. It is noted that the natural fiber exhibits different flame spread behavior than the one of the synthetic fiber. This different may influences the flame spread behavior over combined fabric. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of thread angle on flame spread behavior over kenaf/polyester fabric. Experiments are done for several different weft thread angle of θ = 0°, 45° and 90°. The data collected is recorded via videos and images are captured for measuring the flame spread rate and detail observation of characteristics during burning process. From the results obtained, it is seen that material and thread angle have some influence on the flame spread behavior over fabrics. The flame spread rate of 100% kenaf is lower than the one of kenaf/polyester combined fabrics. It is also seen that the flame is extinguished for 100% polyester. The flame spread velocity also changes when the weft thread angle change from θ = 0° to θ = 90°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]