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A Leucemia Mieloide Crônica (LMC) é uma doença que acomete pessoas com faixa etária entre 40 e 60 anos, principalmente do sexo masculino. Na maior parte dos casos, ocorre expressão do cromossomo Filadélfia, o que induz à produção de uma oncoproteína com atividade tirosina-quinase aumentada, resultando em uma proliferação desenfreada de células. O tratamento de primeira escolha atualmente é o Inibidor de Tirosinoquinase, Imatinibe, que acarreta na diminuição do número de casos de evolução da fase crônica para a fase acelerada e para que haja o correto monitoramento da resposta molecular da doença, é necessária a realização dos testes de rastreamento como o qPCR, padrão-ouro de detecção. Neste trabalho, foi feito um estudo para analisar o impacto orçamentário da incorporação do teste de qPCR por um hospital terciário do Distrito Federal para aprimorar o rastreio da LMC com intuito de promover a continuidade no tratamento do paciente. Foi realizada uma análise de impacto orçamentário (AIO) para avaliar a incorporação do teste qPCR BCR-ABL p210 para monitoramento da leucemia mieloide crônica em pacientes do Distrito Federal, em comparação com a realização dos testes por meio de contrato com laboratório terceirizado. De acordo com a AIO, o contrato apresentou o menor impacto orçamentário que a incorporação do teste de qPCR pelo hospital, ou seja, momentaneamente é mais vantajoso manter o contrato vigente.

A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) é uma das formas da doença causada pelo protozoário do gênero Leishmania spp., sendo classificada como uma das principais zoonoses de interesse da saúde pública no Brasil. Por ainda apresentarmos métodos de diagnóstico com baixa sensibilidade ao agente causador da LVC, este trabalho de revisão de literatura teve como objetivo, identificar exames laboratoriais e métodos que contribuam para um diagnóstico correto, diminuindo as chances de falsos negativos ou falsos positivos na rotina do Médico Veterinário. Nesta revisão de literatura foi possível observar como consideração que o exame de PCR se mostrou com cem por cento de confiabilidade nos estudos avaliados, já a técnica parasitológica classificada como padrão ouro, irá depender de alguns fatores como a precisão, sujeita à intensidade do parasitismo, à natureza do material biológico obtido, à duração da análise da lâmina e à perícia dos especialistas envolvidos, para o diagnóstico da LVC.

Introdução/Objetivo: As bactérias da ordem Enterobacterales resistentes a carbapenêmicos estão envolvidas em Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS), tais isolados de um mesmo hospital podem ou não estar envolvidos clonalmente, uma entre diversas técnicas de detecção de clones é a ERIC-PCR (Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus – Polymerase Chain Reaction), capaz de identificar clones dentro de um mesmo hospital. O presente trabalho objetivou investigar a variabilidade genética e a presença de clones resistentes aos carbapenêmicos entre isolados clínicos de diferentes espécies de Enterobacterales dentro de um hospital da rede pública de Recife-PE. Métodos: Foram obtidos 45 isolados resistentes aos carbapenêmicos entre 2021 e 2022, o perfil de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana foi determinado através do equipamento automatizado BD PhoenixTM. Foi realizada a tipagem molecular. Após a extração do DNA total das bactérias, foi determinado a variabilidade genética através da técnica de ERIC-PCR, seguida de análise de dendogramas. Resultados: Foi identificada heterogeneidade genética em todas as espécies da ordem Enterobacterales analisadas. Nas 19 cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae foram identificados 14 perfis clonais diferentes e dois perfis compostos por clones com 100% de similaridade genética. Um desses clones KP-E2 (K40-A5 e K41-A5), estava presente em pacientes distintos internados na mesma UTI (Unidade de Terapia Intensiva), enquanto outro clone KP-E1 (K3-A5 e K4-A5) estava presente em um mesmo paciente, porém em amostras distintas. Com relação à Serratia marcescens, oito cepas apresentaram três perfis clonais heterogêneos e dois compostos por clones. As outras espécies envolvidas no estudo (Proteus mirabilis, Providencia stuartii, Providencia rettgeri e Enterobacter cloacae) também apresentaram heterogeneidade genética. Todas as cepas foram resistentes a um ou mais carbapenêmicos. Conclusão: A alta variabilidade genética das espécies de Enterobacterales, principalmente K. pneumoniae e S. marcescens, descrita no presente estudo, e a presença de clones infectando diferentes pacientes, indica variadas fontes de contaminação no ambiente hospitalar. Como também a capacidade dessas cepas em sofrer mutação e recombinação, fatores que aumentam a variabilidade genética. Todas as espécies e isolados de Enterobacterales foram MDR (Multidrogarresistente), o que dificulta a antibioticoterapia.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Minas Gerais Medical Journal / Revista Médica de Minas Gerais is the property of Associacao Medica de Minas Gerais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: O câncer de pulmão é uma neoplasia de alta incidência e mortalidade. A identificação da imunoexpressão de PD-L1 tem possibilitado novos tratamentos com anticorpos monoclonais e a técnica de PCR para pesquisa de alterações do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR) permite indicar o tratamento com inibidores de tirosina quinase. Objetivo: avaliar o perfil imuno-histoquímico e as alterações do EGFR em uma série de amostras de neoplasia pulmonar. Metodologia: Estudo observacional retrospectivo de uma série de 29 amostras de neoplasia pulmonar do serviço de biópsia do departamento de patologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, entre agosto de 2016 e março de 2020. Resultados: Houve maior prevalência em mulheres (66%), com idade média de 66 anos. Tumores primários representaram a maioria dos casos (86%). O tipo histológico predominante foi o adenocarcinoma (38%), seguido do carcinoma de células escamosas (17%), carcinoides (17%), metástase (14%) e outros tumores (14%). Entre os adenocarcinomas, o subtipo acinar foi mais frequente (45%). Entre os tumores secundários, metade eram metástase de neoplasia hepática. Expressão de PDL-1 e alteração de EGFR foram avaliadas em 16 casos, sendo observado em 12% e 25% dos casos, respectivamente. Conclusão: Este estudo não mostrou relação entre os casos que apresentaram imunoexpressão de PDL-1 e alterações de EGFR.

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Bacteria of the Anaplasmataceae family and canine hemoparasitic protozoans transmitted by ticks are common in Colombia due to circulation and biological adaptation of vector Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.). Objective: To detect the circulation of Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis in sheltered dogs in three municipalities in southern Aburrá Valley, province of Antioquia, Colombia. Methods: Primers were used to amplify the 16S rRNA associated with the Anaplasmataceae family, dsb for Ehrlichia sp. and 18S rRNA for Hepatozoon sp. Results: Of the 357 samples of venous blood obtained, representing all the sheltered dogs in the study zone, Ehrlichia canis DNA was detected in 2.2% of individuals, showing identity of 100% with previous sequences from the GenBank. Hepatozoon canis showed 8.7% (31/357) prevalence of infection, with 100% identity to genotypes from Japan, Brazil, and Spain. Only one sequence of H. canis exhibited a phylogenic divergence concerning H. canis previously reported in Brazil and the Old World. Conclusions: This study confirms the circulation of E. canis and H. canis in asymptomatic shelter dogs in the south-central zone of the Aburrá Valley, province of Antioquia, Colombia. The present study is the first molecular detection of H. canis in the Province of Antioquia and the third report of canine hepatozoonosis from Colombia, highlighting the importance of considering this agent in veterinary clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study were identified Candida species from vaginal secretion isolates, evaluated their in vitro antifungal susceptibilities, and correlated these features with antifungal agents prescribed for patients assisted in a primary care service. Species identification by Polymerase Chain Reaction showed that 36.5% of isolates were characterized as non-C. albicans species. In antifungal susceptibility tests most isolates were susceptible to ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole, although between 40% and 50% of isolates show resistance or dose-dependent susceptibility to miconazole and nystatin, respectively. Analysis of drugs prescribed to patients revealed that 34.2% of the isolates were considered resistant to agents used in treatment. Several Candida species can cause vulvovaginitis and exhibit different susceptibility profiles to antifungal drugs used in treatment. The identification of Candida species is relevant and useful to the epidemiological management of infections. The antifungal susceptibility test may also be useful for choosing most effective drug treatment for each patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde Coletiva is the property of MPM Comunicacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT: Canine leptospirosis is definitely diagnosed by demonstrating seroconversion in paired serum samples from the acute and convalescent period by the microagglutination test (MAT). However, the application of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay can provide earlier confirmation of suspected cases. The objective of this study was to evaluate two PCR assays used in diagnosis of human leptospirosis (lipL32 real-time PCR and rrs conventional PCR) in cultured microorganisms and experimentally contaminated samples (whole blood, serum, urine), and investigate their applicability in clinical samples from dogs with presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis by using the MAT as a reference. The analytical sensitivity of the lipL32 real-time PCR was 1 genome equivalent per reaction, whereas that for the rrs conventional PCR was 10 genome equivalents per reaction. Both assays amplified the pathogenic strains but were negative when evaluating the DNA of other microorganisms that may be present in clinical samples. The lipL32 real-time PCR detected 100 bacteria/mL in whole blood samples, 1000 bacteria/mL in serum samples and 10 bacteria/mL in urine samples, whereas the rrs conventional PCR detected 1000 bacteria/mL in whole blood and serum samples and 100 bacteria/mL in urine samples. Seven out of the 51 samples from dogs with presumptive diagnosis of leptospirosis were considered as confirmed cases. ThelipL32 real-time PCR detected positive results in six of the seven confirmed cases, whereas the rrs conventional PCR detected four. The PCR assays evaluated proved to be useful diagnostic tools in the confirmation of canine leptospirosis when used together with the MAT.

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introdução: A segurança do abastecimento de água é de extrema importância para a saúde pública, principalmente para crianças que, em idade escolar, podem permanecer de 5 h a 8 h por dia nas escolas. A água pode conter uma variedade de contaminantes que, em níveis elevados, têm sido associados ao aumento de uma série de doenças em crianças. Objetivo: Avaliar durante 12 meses a qualidade das águas de poços utilizadas como soluções alternativas coletivas de abastecimento em dez escolas públicas do município de Itatiba (SP). Método: Foram coletadas amostras de água de poço, de reservatório e de bebedouro, totalizando 100 amostras, sendo analisados parâmetros químicos, físicos, organolépticos e microbiológicos previstos na Portaria de Consolidação n° 5, de 28 de setembro de 2017, anexo XX. Adicionalmente foi realizada uma pesquisa quanto à presença de matérias estranhas, incluindo os protozoários Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia spp. Resultados: Três escolas exibiram resultados em acordo com a legislação. As demais apresentaram presença de microrganismos como bactérias (29,0% de coliforme total e 9,0% de Escherichia coli, no total de amostras analisadas) e protozoários (15,0%), além de resultados acima do valor máximo permitido (VMP) para cor aparente (8,0%), turbidez (11,0%), Fe (12,0%), Zn e Pb (5,0%). Conclusões: Os resultados em desacordo com a legislação interferem na qualidade das águas oferecidas nas escolas, estando associados à falta de investimento na infraestrutura dos poços e cloração da água, sendo observado um diferencial na escola que possui parceria com a empresa de tratamento de água do município. Esta parceria deve ser mantida e, se possível, expandida para as demais escolas.

Introdução: A acne vulgar é um distúrbio inflamatório que afeta a unidade pilossebácea, apresentando alta prevalência entre adultos jovens. Estudos sugerem que os ácidos graxos livres (AGL) podem influencia-la, contudo, sua patogênese ainda não é totalmente conhecida. Objetivo: Analisar a correlação entre o nível de ácidos graxos livres e a gravidade da acne vulgar. Métodos: Quarenta e três alunas de ensino médio portadoras de acne leve, moderada e grave foram incluídas neste estudo. O nível de ácidos graxos livres, representado pelo nível de ácido palmítico, foi medido por cromatografia gasosa enquanto a detecção do Propionibacterium acnes foi realizada através do PCR. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para analisar a mediana da diferença do nível de ácido palmítico entre os grupos com diferentes graus de severidade da acne vulgar. Os resultados foram considerados significativos para valores de p

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Caseous lymphadenitis (CL), a contagious infectious disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, stands out with great economic relevance for goat breeding in the country because it is one of the main causes of carcass condemnation and intense depreciation of the leather of small ruminants. The objective was to carry out a descriptive study of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of CL in goats in the state of Pernambuco and also to evaluate the detection of C. pseudotuberculosis in milk, blood, and stool samples by real-time PCR. Six hundred and forty-three goats were evaluated, of which 76 (11.8%) presented clinical signs suggestive of CL. And 88.9% (24/27) of the breeding was considered focus. Among symptomatic animals, 25 were selected and submitted to the collection of abscess content for bacteriological isolation. Milk, blood, and stool samples were analyzed for PLD gene detection by realtime polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of the 25 samples of abscess content, 72% (18/25) were positive. The PLD gene was detected in the frequencies of 8% (2/25) and 4% (1/25) in milk and blood samples, respectively. Caseous lymphadenitis is possibly widespread in the dairy herds of goats in the state of Pernambuco, especially in adult animals, with a higher occurrence of submandibular lymph node abscesses. The preliminary detection of C. pseudotuberculosis by mammary and hematogenous pathways may contribute to future approaches on the mechanisms of organic dissemination performed by the pathogen. However, it has little relevance to diagnosing the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: to investigate though the literature the advantages and uses of the molecular test for fast tuberculosis diagnosis. Method: integrative review of literature with considering the guiding question elaborated by the PICO (P=Patient or Problem, I=Intervention, C=Comparison or control, O=Outcomes) strategy. A research was performed with articles available in full electronically published from 2008 to 2015 in the following databases: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Science Direct. Results: The molecular Gene Xpert test, currently available for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, has the ability of detecting the presence of the disease causative bacillus, and identifying if the bacteria is resistant to rifampicin, in the period of two hours, besides greater sensitivity and specificity in relation to smear. Conclusions: molecular test for fast tuberculosis diagnosis was well accepted mainly for its speed, enabling a faster onset of treatment, important to minimize the spread of the disease

Modelo do estudo: relato de caso Importância do problema: A tuberculose é um grave problema de saúde no nosso país, no entanto poucos profissionais sabem identificar as formas extrapulmonares da doença, que são responsáveis por 23,3% dos óbitos por tuberculose no Brasil. Das formas extra-pulmonares, apenas 1-2% representam formas cutâneas. É importante que o médico generalista conheça as formas cutâneas de tuberculose, uma vez que pode ser a única manifestação da doença. O seu diagnóstico é um desafio, pois os exames tradicionais têm menor sensibilidade e especificidade para a apresentação cutânea em relação à forma pulmonar. No entanto, novos exames vêm sendo implantados como o GeneXpert. Comentários: Relatamos um caso raro de tuberculose cutânea em paciente imunocompetente, com a manifestação de três formas clínicas simultaneamente – escrofuloderma, tubercúlide papulonecrótica e eritema indurado de Bazin. A ocorrência de duas formas simultâneas é descrita na literatura mas a ocorrência de três formas simultâneas é inédita. Essa manifestação atípica foi de difícil diagnóstico clínico por simular outras doenças e os exames tradicionais como o RX de tórax, baciloscopia e cultura não evidenciaram o diagnóstico. A identificação do Mycobacterium tuberculosis só foi possível por meio da pesquisa de PCR com o GeneXpert, que mostrou positividade no escarro pulmonar e no exsudato do escrofuloderma, possibilitando iniciar o tratamento precocemente. Este novo exame de alta sensibilidade e especificidade no diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar mostrou-se de grande utilidade no diagnóstico deste caso atípico de tuberculose cutânea onde os exames tradicionais não definiram o diagnóstico.

Copyright of Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Clínica de Ortodontia Dental Press is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. Describe the phenotypical and genotypical characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis isolates from cases of meningococcal disease in Paraguay between 1996 and 2015. Methods. Conventional microbiological methods and molecular techniques were used to study 114 isolates of N. meningitidis and 12 clinical samples without isolation ( confirmed by polymerase chain reaction), provided by various sentinel centers and collaborating centers in Paraguay. Results. The most affected age group was children under 1 year (19.0%), followed by 1-5-year-olds (17.5%). The highest percentage of strains was isolated in meningitis cases (81.7%) and serogroup B was found in 60.3% of cases. The most frequent phenotypes were B:4:p1.14 (16.0%), B:15:p1.5, C:nt:nst, and W:nt:p1.2 (10.5%), respectively. The prevalent clonal complexes were: ST-11/ET37 complex, 29.6% (8/27), predominantly serogroup W (6/8); ST-35 complex, 18.5% (5/27), in serogroup B (4/4); and ST-32/ET5 complex, 14.8% (4/16), in serogroup B (5/5). Conclusions. Meningococcal meningitis is relatively uncommon in Paraguay. Distribution analysis showed that serogroup B is the most common and that the number of cases of meningococcal disease caused by serogroups C and W increased in the last two years. The identified clonal complexes were correlated with those found in the Southern Cone region. Due to the high virulence of N. meningitidis, its surveillance should be a strategic priority of national and regional public health systems to prevent epidemic outbreaks and support public health decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO A criptosporidiose é uma importante zoonose que pode ser transmitida por meio de alimentos, água de bebida e por contato com animais e pessoas infectadas. Além disso, trata-se de uma enfermidade clínica ou subclínica frequente em diversas espécies de animais, incluindo coelhos domésticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a ocorrência de Cryptosporidium spp., realizar sua classificação molecular e relacionar a presença do parasito às diferentes fases de criação em 21 criações comerciais de coelhos, localizadas nos estados de Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Pernambuco, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul e São Paulo. Quinhentas e catorze amostras de fezes foram colhidas e armazenadas em solução de dicromato de potássio 5%. Os oocistos foram purificados por centrífugo-flutuação em solução de Sheather e visualizados por microscopia, utilizando-se a coloração negativa com verde malaquita. Cinquenta e cinco amostras foram submetidas à reação em cadeia pela polimerase (nested PCR) e ao sequenciamento de fragmentos amplificados, referentes aos genes da subunidade 18S do rRNA e da glicloproteína GP60, visando à caracterização molecular de Cryptosporidium spp. Oito amostras foram positivas para Cryptosporidium spp. pela microscopia (1,56%; 8/514) e sete foram positivas pela nested PCR (12,73%; 7/55). Pela análise molecular, foi possível identificar Cryptosporidium cuniculus (18S rRNA) e C. cuniculus subtipo VbA21 (gp60) em coelhos jovens e em matrizes.

Abstract Objective: To assess the prevalence of Y-chromosome sequences and gonadoblastoma in patients with Turner syndrome (TS) using molecular techniques. Data source: A literature search was performed in Pubmed, limiting the period of time to the years 2005–2014 and using the descriptors: TS and Y sequences (n=26), and TS and Y-chromosome material (n=27). The inclusion criteria were: articles directly related to the subject and published in English or Portuguese. Articles which did not meet these criteria and review articles were excluded. After applying these criteria, 14 papers were left. Data synthesis: The main results regarding the prevalence of Y-chromosome sequences in TS were: (1) about 60% of the studies were conducted by Brazilian researchers; (2) the prevalence varied from 4.6 to 60%; (3) the most frequently investigated genes were SRY, DYZ3 and TSPY; (4) seven studies used only polymerase chain reaction, while in the remaining seven it was associated with FISH. Nine of the 14 studies reported gonadectomy and gonadoblastoma. The highest prevalence of gonadoblastoma (33%) was found in two studies. In five out of the nine papers evaluated the prevalence of gonadoblastoma was 10–25%; in two of them it was zero. Conclusions: According to these data, molecular analysis to detect Y-chromosome sequences in TS patients is indicated, regardless of their karyotype. In patients who test positive for these sequences, gonadoblastoma needs to be investigated.

ABSTRACT: Equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen that causes abortion, neonatal disease, respiratory disorders, and neurological syndrome in equine populations worldwide. To evaluate EHV-1 as a cause of abortion and perinatal mortality in Brazil, tissue samples from 105 aborted equine fetuses, stillbirths, and foals up to one month of age were examined using virus isolation, immunohistochemistry (IHC), histopathology, and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two fetuses were positive for EHV-1 by PCR, one of which showed syncytia and eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in bronchial epithelia, but it was negative by virus isolation. The other showed no characteristic histological lesions, but it was positive by viral isolation. No sample was positive by IHC. The results presented low occurrence of EHV-1 in the studied population and suggested that the use of a combination of techniques increases the likelihood of an accurate diagnosis of EHV-1.

Resumo A cadeia de produção suína vem crescendo assim como a exigência do fornecimento de produtos de qualidade, isentos de qualquer risco para os consumidores. A Salmonella spp. representa um risco biológico e é apontada como o agente responsável por diversos casos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos. O suíno é considerado um importante reservatório de Salmonella spp., o que torna imprescindível o conhecimento da dinâmica dessa bactéria em toda a cadeia de produção suína. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência de Salmonella spp. em suínos abatidos no Distrito Federal. Para isso, foram coletadas 240 amostras de linfonodos mesentéricos (LM) e 240 swabs de carcaça (SC) em um abatedouro com inspeção distrital. As amostras foram submetidas à PCR (Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase) para detecção da bactéria, revelando uma prevalência de 68,75% em LM de suínos abatidos e de 29,17% em SC suína. A análise dos dados obtidos demonstrou que a distância entre granja de origem e abatedouro apresentou correlação positiva moderada com a prevalência de Salmonella spp. em LM de suínos abatidos. Foi constatada, ainda, uma correlação positiva fraca entre a prevalência de Salmonella spp. em LM de suínos abatidos e a prevalência de Salmonella spp. em SC. Esses resultados apontam a necessidade da implantação de programas de controle para diminuir a prevalência nos animais destinados ao abate, bem como evitar a contaminação cruzada nos estabelecimentos manipuladores de alimentos.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de Adenovírus como agente etiológico da conjuntivite, em clínica médica oftalmológica especializada, em Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Métodos: Amostras da secreção conjuntival de 91 pacientes clinicamente diagnosticados com conjuntivite foram submetidos à reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), utilizando primers degenerados para a região codificadora do gene da proteína estrutural II. Posteriormente as amostras positivas foram submetidas a sequenciamento e genotipagem. Resultados: A análise dos resultados de PCR revelou prevalência de 36,3% de Adenovírus. Não havendo distinção entre os sexos e com maior prevalência na faixa etária de 26 a 65 anos com 60,60% dos casos positivos. O sequenciamento dos casos positivos por Adenovírus revelaram a presença dos sorotipos 3, 4, 7, 8 e 34 circulante na região. Conclusão: No município de Viçosa, dois em cada cinco casos de conjuntivite são de etiologia adenoviral.

Introducción: El diagnóstico de la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) se realiza rutinariamente mediante pruebas serológicas mientras que el empleo de métodos moleculares se encuentra aún en proceso de estandarización. Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad discriminatoria y concordancia entre una prueba serológica y una molecular para determinar la infección por T. cruzi. Métodos: Se realizó Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR) y la prueba de ELISA-F29 en 95 muestras de participantes de la cohorte “Cardiovascular health investigation and collaboration countries of America to assess the markers and outcomes of Chagas disease” CHICAMOCHA. Se evaluó la capacidad discriminatoria del ELISA-F29 respecto al resultado de PCR mediante la estimación del área bajo la curva ROC. Se estimó la tasa de falsos positivos al 25% y sensibilidad al 75%. Se determinó la concordancia mediante kappa de Cohen. Resultados: Se realizaron pruebas de PCR en dos momentos diferentes en 95 individuos (edad media: 38 años; 64% hombres), con tasas de positividad entre 1.1% – 2.2% para los primers S35-S36 y entre 18.3% – 34.7% para los primers 121-122, respectivamente. La capacidad discriminatoria del ELISA- F29 respecto a PCR fue 0.62 (IC95%: 0.53; 0.70) y tasa de falsos positivos del 56% (IC95%: 42; 70). El punto de corte óptimo para el cociente de absorbancia fue 2.53 (sensibilidad 59% y especificidad 60%). Para el primer 121-122 los niveles de acuerdo observado y kappas estimados fueron: 52.6% y 0.10 (IC95%: -0.08, 0.28) para la primera medición, 62.4% y 0.09 (IC95%: -0.09, 0.28) para la segunda medición y 57.5% y 0.13 (IC95%: 0.01, 0.26) al evaluar simultáneamente las dos mediciones. Conclusiones: Los resultados demuestran una baja concordancia evidenciada por los valores de kappa determinados en el estudio. Es necesario afinar los estudios para evaluar la utilidad de las pruebas moleculares en el diagnóstico de la Enfermedad de Chagas. [Gómez-Laitón ED, Polo-Ardila LA, Castellanos-Domínguez YZ, Herrera VM, Villar JC. Capacidad discriminatoria y concordancia entre el ELISA-F29 y la PCR en individuos con infección por T. cruzi. MedUNAB 2015; 18 (1): 27-33]. Introduction: The diagnosis of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is routinely performed by serological tests while the use of molecular methods is still in process of standardization. Objective: To evaluate the discriminatory capacity and agreement between a serological test and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine T. cruzi infection. Methodology: PCR and ELISA test-F29 were performed to 95 participants of “Cardiovascular health investigation and collaboration countries of America to assess the markers and outcomes of Chagas disease” (CHICAMOCHA). Discriminatory capacity of ELISA –F29 with respect to PCR results were evaluated by estimating the area of ROC curve. The false positive rate was estimated to 25% and sensitivity to 75%. The agreement was determined using Cohen's kappa. Results: PCR tests were performed at two different times in 95 individuals (mean age: 38; 64% male), with positivity rates between 1.1 to 2.2% for S35-S36 primers and from 18.3% to 34, 7% for primers 121-122, respectively. ELISA-F29 discriminatory capacity regarding PCR was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.70). The false positive rate was 56% (95% CI: 42; 70). The optimal cutoff for absorbance ratio of ELISA-F29 was 2.53 (sensitivity 59%, specificity 60%). For the primers 121-122, levels of observed agreement and kappa estimates were 52.6% and 0.10 (95% CI: -0.08, 0.28) for the first measurement, 62.4% and 0.09 (95% CI: -0.09, 0.28) for the second measurement, and 57.5% and 0.13 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.26) for the two measurements simultaneously evaluated. Conclusions: The results show poor agreement evidenced by kappa values determined in the study. It is necessary to refine the studies to evaluate the utility of molecular testing in the diagnosis of Chagas disease. [Gómez-Laitón ED, Polo-Ardila LA, Castellanos-Domínguez YZ, Herrera VM, Villar JC. Discriminatory power and concordance between ELISA-F29 and PCR in individuals with infection due to T.cruzi. MedUNAB 2015; 18 (1): 27-33]. Introdução: O diagnóstico de infecção por Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) é rotineiramente realizado por sorologia, enquanto o uso de métodos moleculares ainda está sendo padronizado. Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade discriminatória e a concordância entre um teste sorológico e o molecular para determinar a infecção pelo T. cruzi. Metodologia: Foi realizada a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) e a prova de ELISA-F29 em 95 amostras de participantes da coorte "Investigação em Saúde Cardiovascular e colaboração com os países da América para avaliar os marcadores e resultados de doença de Chagas" CHICAMOCHA. Foi avaliada a capacidade discriminatória do ELISA-F29 com relação aos resultados de PCR por meio da avaliação da área com a curva de ROC. A taxa de falsos positivos é estimada em 25% e a de sensibilidade em 75%. A correlação é determinada por Cohen kappa. Resultados: Foram realizados testes de PCR em dois momentos diferentes, em 95 indivíduos (idade média: 38 anos; 64% do sexo masculino), com taxas de positividade entre 1,1% - 2,2% para os primeiros S35-S36 e entre 18,3% - 34,7% para os primeiros 121-122, respectivamente. O poder discriminatório ELISA-F29 sobre PCR foi 0,62 (IC 95%: 0,53; 0,70) e taxa de falsos positivos de 56% (IC 95%: 42; 70). O ponto de corte ótimo para a relação de absorvância foi de 2,53 (59% de sensibilidade, especificidade de 60%). Para os primeiros 121-122, de acordo com os níveis observados e kappas estimadas foram 52.6% e 0.10 (IC95%: -0.08, 0.28) para a primeira medição, 62.4% e 0.09 (IC 95%: -0.09, 0 .28) para a segunda medição, 57.5% e 0,13 (IC95%: 0.01, 0.26) ao avaliar simultaneamente as duas medições. Conclusões: Os resultados mostram pouca concordância evidenciada pelos valores de kappa determinados no estudo. É necessário precisar e ajustar os estudos para avaliar a utilidade do teste molecular no diagnóstico da doença de Chagas. [Gómez-Laitón ED, Polo-Ardila LA, Castellanos-Domínguez YZ, Herrera VM, Villar JC. Capacidade discriminatória e acordo entre o ELISA-F29 e a PCR em indivíduos infectados com T. cruzi. MedUNAB 2015; 18 (1): 27-33].

ABSTRACT In recent years, many oncology institutions have implemented the use of molecular approaches to assess and manage cancer patients. One commonly observed type of genetic alteration in cancer is the loss of heterozygosity (LOH). In the clinical setting, this molecular genetic marker is an important tool for disease prognosis, diagnosis and treatment. For example, the loss of 1p/19q is a classical molecular marker for oligodendroglioma assessment. In addition, this marker is associated with a favorable prognosis and chemosensitivity in oligodendroglial tumors. Interpretation of the clinical significance of molecular markers requires that health professionals and biomedical scientists understand the basic theoretical fundamentals of molecular diagnostic techniques. Although there are different methodologies to assess LOH, including high-performance techniques, this review aims to describe the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based LOH assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which are the molecular techniques most used for evaluation of 1p/19q status in pathology laboratories.

OBJETIVO: Realizar estudo comparativo entre mulheres positivas e negativas para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), analisando: prevalência de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC) e infecção cervical pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV); risco viral e relação com desenvolvimento de NIC; parâmetros sociodemográficos e de comportamento que influenciaram na presença de infecção cervical por HPV e NIC.MÉTODOS: Estudo comparativo entre mulheres positivas e negativas para o HIV, sendo analisadas, respectivamente, 202 e 171 mulheres para avaliar a prevalência de NIC e 164 e 100 mulheres para avaliar a prevalência de infecção cervical pelo HPV. Em todas as consultas foram realizados: coleta de amostras cervicais para realização de citologia oncótica e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para detecção do DNA-HPV; colposcopia; questionário padronizado para coleta de dados demográficos/comportamentais; biópsia de todas as alterações colposcópicas. O exame histopatológico foi o padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico de NIC.RESULTADOS: A prevalência de NIC foi de 2,4 e 15,3% (p

Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) routinely migrate from their breeding colonies to Southern Brazil often contracting diseases during this migration, notably avian malaria, which has been already reported in Brazil and throughout the world. Detection of Plasmodium spp. in blood smears is the routine diagnostic method of avian malaria, however it has a low sensitivity rate when compared to molecular methods. Considering the negative impact of avian malaria on penguins, the aim of this study was to detect the presence of Plasmodium spp. in Magellanic penguins using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and by verifying clinical, hematological, and biochemical alterations in blood samples as well as to verify the likely prognosis in response to infection. Blood samples were obtained from 75 penguins to determine packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity levels. Whole blood samples were used for PCR assays. Plasmodium spp. was detected in 32.0% of the specimens using PCR and in 29.3% using microscopic analyses. Anorexia, diarrhea and neurological disorders were more frequent in penguins with malaria and a significant weight difference between infected and non-infected penguins was detected. PCV and MCV rates showed no significant difference. RBC and WBC counts were lower in animals with avian malaria and leukopenia was present in some penguins. Basophil and lymphocyte counts were lower in infected penguins along with high monocyte counts. There was no significant difference in AST activities between infected and non-infected animals. There was a significant increase in uric acid values, however a decrease in albumin values was observed in infected penguins. Based on this study, we concluded that Plasmodium spp. occurs in Magellanic penguins of rehabilitation centers in Southeastern Brazil, compromising the weight of infected animals with clinical alterations appearing in severe cases of this disease. It was also noted that, although the hematological abnormalities presented by these animals may not have been conclusive, leukopenia, monocytosis and the decrease of basophils and lymphocytes revealed an unfavorable prognosis, and Plasmodium spp. infections may progress with elevated uric acid concentration and low albumin levels.

Several protocols to extract plant DNA exist, which can provide varying concentrations and quality of DNA due to the interaction between the protocol components and plant tissue compounds that affect the extraction, such as polyphenols and proteins. The objective of this study was to test the efficiency of different protocols for extracting DNA from apple tree leaves. Three DNA extraction protocols were tested: FastDNA® SPIN Kit - MP Biomedicals; adaptation from Qiagen DNeasy® Plant Mini Kit; adapted CTAB. Fresh and frozen young leaves of the genotypes M-10/09, SCS426 Venice and SCS427 Elenise were used. The purity and concentration of the DNA were analyzed using a spectrophotometer. The DNA extracted was tested using PCR with one primer related to regions of the genome that access transcription factors in apples (SAND). The highest concentrations of DNA were provided by the adapted CTAB protocol. Regarding purity, the adaptation from Qiagen DNeasy® Plant Mini Kit and the adapted CTAB protocols were considered satisfactory. Regarding DNA quality verified by PCR, all protocols were efficient for amplification of the target fragments. Therefore, all three protocols can be used for DNA extraction from apple leaves; however, the use of the adapted CTAB protocol showed high efficiency, due to the higher quality and concentration of DNA, with the lowest relative cost in the process of DNA extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira is the property of Colegio Brasileiro de Patologia Animal - CBPA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, Zika virus (ZIKV) is a significant public health concern because of the syndromes associated with the infection. In addition, ZIKV is considered a major problem due to large-scale spread of the disease and the possible clinical complications for the central nervous system, especially Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and microcephaly. Since the introduction of ZIKV in the Caribbean, molecular detection of the viral RNA has been utilized as a more specific and sensitive approach to demonstrating acute infection. However, it is generally accepted that the virus has a short viremic period, generally less than 5 days. Serologic testing has the inconvenience of strong cross-reactivity among flaviviruses, such as dengue and yellow fever. As part of the laboratory surveillance activities for Zika and other arboviruses at the Caribbean Public Health Agency, in 2016 a sample from a male who was clinically diagnosed with GBS tested positive for Zika virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). The serum sample had been taken on day 21 after the onset of symptoms. The case had initially been characterized as a typical ZIKV infection (mild fever with a generalized maculopapular rash). Later, weakness of limbs and other peripheral neurological symptoms appeared. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) showed that the sample was negative for IgM antibodies against Zika, Chikungunya, and dengue viruses. The plaque reduction neutralization test was positive for ZIKV. This indicated parallel development of viremia and immune response against ZIKV. Recent reports have demonstrated a longer duration of the viremia in ZIKV infections. However, our report is the first one that links the infection with extended viremia and the development in parallel of a GBS case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Evaluate the usefulness of ELISA, PCR, and immunochromatography for the diagnosis of Chikungunya. Methods. A meta-analysis of studies reporting diagnostic validity data was performed, using an ex-ante protocol with six search strategies in three multidisciplinary databases. Replicability in the selection and retrieval of information was guaranteed; quality was evaluated using the QUADAS (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) guide; the analyses were performed in MetaDisc, with specific measures, confidence intervals, and combined results under a random-effects model. Results. A total of 19 studies were included, one with IgG ELISA, two with antigencapture ELISA, five with IgM ELISA, eight with qPCR, and three with immunochromatography. The articles were published primarily in India (37%) between 2009 and 2015, using a combination of clinical symptoms, RT-PCR, ELISA, neutralization assay, or viral isolation as the reference test. The population consisted of 1 108 healthy individuals, 394 with another infection (mainly dengue), and 1 288 with Chikungunya. In IgM ELISA and qPCR, the sensitivity and specificity were greater than 90%, the positive probability quotient was greater than 10, the negative probability quotient was less than 0.1, the diagnostic odds ratio was greater than 100, and the area under the curve was 0.99. Conclusion. IgM ELISA and qPCR were found to be excellent for diagnosis, while immunochromatography was only of limited usefulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)