Search

Introduction: the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with mental health symptoms. Objective: to screen mental health symptoms by validating the factor structure of the screening test related to sociodemographic variables during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: we worked with 36,811 Mexican (M = 34 years; SD = 11.68), 61.8% (22,743) women, 15.3% (5,643) losing loved ones, 12.7% (4,683) having a COVID-19 condition, and 8.22% (3,027) sought remote psychological care. We required participants to answer the Posttraumatic Stress Checklist (PCL-C), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), Goldberg’s Generalized Anxiety Questionnaire, Health Anxiety, and Somatization tests in a WebApp. Results: the Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated good factor structures and measurement invariances of the scales because of participants´ sociodemographic characteristics and their structural equation model. Discussion: therefore, Women showed re-experimentation, numbing, anxiety, and somatization symptoms. Grieving or suffering a COVID-19 condition associated with generalized anxiety. People seeking psychological care reported somatization symptoms. Also, avoidance predicted symptoms of re-experimentation, and re-experimentation predicted health anxiety. Health anxiety predicted somatization, depression, and generalized anxiety, denoted by hyperarousal symptoms. Depression predicted numbing and hyperarousal symptoms. Conclusions: there are mental health risks in women, people with loved-one losses, those with a COVID-19 condition, or people seeking psychological care. Future research will show how early interventions interrupt mental health risks associated with the pandemic.

Objetivo: El cáncer de mama (CAM) es un problema de salud pública mundial. La ansiedad y depresión son las principales comorbilidades que aquejan a este sector, el programa psicoeducativo de navegación (PPN) se presenta como una estrategia psicosocial eficaz en hospitales públicos de México. Método: Se realizó la adaptación del PPN y la evaluación de eficacia en 47 mujeres con CAM de tres hospitales de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara. El PPN integró acompañamiento emocional, educación para la salud y técnicas de relajación. Se evaluaron los síntomas y los niveles de ansiedad y depresión, pre-post intervención con la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS). Resultados: Se encontró una disminución en los síntomas de ansiedad pre-test (M= 6,79, DT= 4,01) y pos-test (M= 4,19, DT= 3,03), igual que en los síntomas de depresión antes (M= 6,02, DT= 4,07) y después (M= 4,23, DT= 3,05). Se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las evaluaciones pre y post intervención tanto en las dimensiones, como en la puntuación global (p

La pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado diversos cambios en las conductas relacionadas con la salud de las personas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue examinar el cambio percibido en las conductas saludables y en la salud general en adultos mexicanos de 18 a 60 años de edad durante la emergencia sanitaria; y determinar las características sociodemográficas, de salud y psicosociales relacionadas. Un total de 568 participantes completaron un cuestionario en línea. Se describen la mejoría/aumento o empeoramiento/disminución de la salud general y seis conductas: calidad de la dieta, actividad física, calidad del sueño, sedentarismo y consumo de alcohol y tabaco; se ejecutaron modelos de regresión logística multinomial para evaluar su relación con las características sociodemográficas, de salud y psicosociales. La mayoría de los participantes reportó que la calidad de su dieta, sueño y salud general eran iguales o muy similares que antes de la pandemia, que habían disminuido su actividad física y el consumo de tabaco y alcohol, y que había aumentado su sedentarismo. Los cambios en las conductas se relacionaron con el sexo, edad, escolaridad, ocupación, dificultades económicas, condición de salud física, haber padecido COVID-19, depresión, ansiedad, estrés y apoyo social. Se concluye que la pandemia por COVID-19 ha repercutido en la práctica de conductas saludables relacionadas con la salud física y mental, por lo que se sugiere evaluar el impacto de estos cambios en el corto y largo plazo, así como generar intervenciones integrales sobre los factores biopsicosociales relacionados.

Diversos estudios han reportado que el cuidado informal de adultos mayores, personas con alguna enfermedad o discapacidad, e incluso el cuidado de menores de edad, tiene un impacto en la salud física y mental de las personas cuidadoras (PC). El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar los riesgos a la salud mental de las PC, teniendo como referencia el concepto de “carga de cuidado” que alude a las demandas físicas, emocionales, sociales y/o económicas de las actividades de cuidado, y la tensión que estas producen. Los participantes respondieron a un tamizaje entre abril y diciembre de 2020, vía una plataforma electrónica, mismo que tuvo por objeto identificar y atender problemas de salud mental que pudieran presentarse o agravarse por la pandemia y las medidas de confinamiento adoptadas para mitigarla. Más de 51,000 personas reportaron ser PC de menores, adultos mayores y/o enfermos crónicos, lo que permitió identificar variaciones en la carga de cuidado considerando el impacto de distintos perfiles de cuidadores (según el tipo y número de personas dependientes). Las condiciones de salud mental evaluadas fueron estrés agudo, ansiedad generalizada, ansiedad por la salud y depresión. Los resultados confirman que las PC que cuidan más de un tipo de persona dependiente tienen mayores probabilidades de riesgo a desarrollar alguna de las condiciones de salud mental. Así mismo, quienes cuidaban alguna persona con enfermedad crónica fueron los más vulnerables, mientras que tener un menor de edad al cuidado actuó en alguna medida como un factor protector.

Introduction. Cognitive assessment is the process whereby individuals assess the effect an adverse circumstance has on their well-being (primary assessment) and their ability to cope with it (secondary assessment), which is closely related to the emotional and behavioral response they show as a result. Objective. To determine the validity and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the Cognitive Assessment Inventory (CAI) for patients with chronic pain for Mexican population. Method. A total of 191 adults with chronic pain completed the Spanish version of the CAI, as well as self-report measures of disability, daily activities, anxiety, and depression. Results. The confirmatory factor analysis for each type of primary cognitive assessment included in the CAI yielded models with satisfactory goodness of fit and Cronbach’s α indices (loss/damage: CMIN/DF = 1.132, NFI = .935, CFI = .992, AGFI = .939, SRMR = .046, RMSEA = .026, α = .73; threat: CMIN/DF = 1.132, NFI = .935, CFI = .992, AGFI = .939, SRMR = .046, RMSEA = .026, α = .81; and challenge: CMIN/DF = 1.567, NFI = .939, CFI = .977, AGFI = .926, SRMR = .044, RMSEA = .055, α = .86). Cognitive assessments of loss/harm and threat were positively associated with the degree of disability, depression, and anxiety, and negatively associated with the performance of daily activities. The opposite occurred with the cognitive assessment of challenge. Discussion and conclusion. The Spanish version of the CAI is a valid, quick, easy, and reliable tool for evaluating the primary cognitive assessment of pain, a construct closely related to physical disability and emotional suffering in response to this experience, which may be modified through brief cognitive interventions.

Antecedentes. La insuficiencia cardiaca (IC) es una enfermedad crónica cuyos síntomas y evolución ocasionan limitaciones físicas y deterioro psicológico importantes. Las personas que padecen IC con depresión y ansiedad perciben su calidad de vida especialmente deteriorada. Objetivo. El presente estudio examinó la eficacia de una intervención cognitivo-conductual vía telefónica para la reducción de sintomatología depresiva en pacientes con IC. Medición. Se registraron valores de sintomatología depresiva con versiones validadas del BDI-II, de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva, con el HADS y la calidad de vida física y emocional en IC con el Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. Se aplicó adicionalmente una escala visual numérica para evaluar el nivel de ansiedad percibida y un registro de activación conductual sobre frecuencia de conductas meta por día. Procedimiento. A partir de un análisis piloto de detección de necesidades se diseñó la intervención con estructura modular. Después de revisar conceptualmente a profundidad con los participantes los temas de entrenamiento en relajación, activación conductual, solución de problemas, pensamientos disfuncionales y prevención de recaídas, se implementaron técnicas clínicas específicas sobre esas variables. Diseño. El estudio utilizó un diseño intrasujetos AB con seguimiento a un mes. Resultados. Los principales hallazgos muestran que la intervención fue efectiva en pacientes relativamente estables en sentido médico, con un menor efecto en pacientes con sintomatología física exacerbada. La calidad de vida percibida mostró tendencia hacia la mejoría sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusión. El tratamiento de la sintomatología depresiva en IC con este formato de atención resultó viable y de fácil acceso para participantes en condiciones de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica.

The COVID-19 pandemic may have increased interpersonal and intimate violence, harmful use of alcohol and other drugs (AOD), and mental health problems. The present study uses a valid path model to describe relationships between these conditions of young Mexicans during the second year of the pandemic. A sample of 7,420 young Mexicans ages 18 to 24—two-thirds of whom were women—completed the Life Events Checklist, the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, the Major-Depressive-Episode Checklist, the Generalized Anxiety Scale, and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist. Young Mexicans reported higher rates of victimization and perpetration of interpersonal and intimate violence and mental health symptomatology than those noted pre-pandemic and in the first year of the pandemic. Harmful use of AOD rates were like those reported by adolescents before. Findings suggested asymmetric victimization and perpetration of intimate violence by gender (with women being at a higher risk than men, p≤.05). More men than women engaged in the harmful use of AOD (except for sedatives, which more women abuse). In contrast, more women than men were at risk of all mental health conditions. The path model indicates that being a victim of intimate violence predicts harmful use of tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, and sedatives, depression, anxiety, and specific PTSD symptoms (such as re-experimentation and avoidance symptoms). Being a victim of interpersonal violence resulted in severe PTSD symptoms (including avoidance, negative alterations in cognition-mood, and hyperarousal signs). Harmful use of sedatives predicted depressive symptoms. Men´s victimizing intimate violence model contrasted with that of women, which also included being the victim of interpersonal violence and severe PTSD symptoms. The high school youth model had three paths -victimizing-intimate violence, victimizing-interpersonal abuse, and sedative use, which predicted depression. The findings of this study could serve as the basis for future studies exploring mechanisms that predict violence patterns to develop the most cost-effective preventive programs and public policies and to address mental health conditions during community emergencies.

Objetivo: Describir el proceso de adaptación cultural del programa CASCAdE en línea para padres de supervivientes de cáncer infantil mexicanos. Método: Se utilizó el Modelo Ecológico de Validación (MEV), en dos fases: la primera consistió en la traducción (inglés-español) y adaptación cultural de los contenidos del programa; la segunda fue la evaluación del contenido e integridad del tratamiento. Resultados: Se realizaron cambios en la redacción del texto, se modificó el uso de la segunda persona del singular por la tercera persona del singular “usted”. Del MEV se eligieron para adaptación de materiales: Lenguaje, Personas, Metáforas o dichos, Narrativa y Conceptos. Entre los cambios más relevantes se encuentran el uso de la tercera persona del singular (aceptabilidad) y la adaptación de metáforas que fueran entendibles en este contexto (relevancia). Para la intervención se adaptaron: Métodos, contexto y objetivos, dando como resultado la aplicación individual, cambios en el diseño gráfico e inclusión de iconografías llamativas y amigables para los padres (aceptabilidad). En la evaluación del contenido por jueces expertos se obtuvieron porcentajes del 50% de acuerdo en redacción de las sesiones de introducción del manual para el facilitador y 75% en redacción de la sesión cuatro del manual para padres. Conclusión: Este estudio muestra el proceso de adaptación cultural desde el MEV a fin de contar con los materiales necesarios para que la aplicación del programa CASCAdE en un contexto mexicano.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created a psychoactive substance use crisis in many countries, including México. Remote valid tools to identify high-risk groups in need for treatment are a prerequisite for cost-effective interventions in primary care settings. To determine the validity and correlates of the remote applications of the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) with sex, age, and psychological care-seeking, offered remotely in primary settings, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, a total sample of 19,109 Mexicans, with an average age of 34.38 years (

The associated situations with the COVID19 pandemic promote mental health risks that researchers should attend to. This study aimed to show the level of the risk to mental health because of socioeconomic (sex, employment status, and age) or COVID19 situations: quarantine, symptoms or suspected COVID19, death of near people, physical or depression illness, or possible comorbidity. We worked with 15,335 Mexican, with a mean of 26 years old (SD=11.95), 52% single (8,001), 52% with a bachelor’s degree (7,910), 60% women (9,175), 44% in quarantine (6,769), 46% partially in quarantine (4,193), and 10% that they were not in quarantine (1,513). We used one causal correlational study throughout the WebApp application of the Questionnaire of Mental Health Screening in COVID19 (Alpha= 0.96; 62 of explained variance), programed by Linux®, PHP ®, HTML®, CSS ®, and JavaScript®), and constituted by four sections. The first section assessed COVID19 status. The second section assessed socioeconomic condition. The third section assessed mental health symptoms: acute stress, disengagement/anger, generalized anxiety/sadness, health anxiety, somatization, and avoidance. The fourth section assessed discrete nominal conditions: drug use and violence. Latent variables derivate of 104 iterations with 102 parameters (t[496] = 387077.84, p=.000), a CFI = 0.932, a TLI = 0.920, a RMSEA = 0.064 (0.063 – 0.064), and a SRMR = 0.047. Results showed that avoidance predicted acute stress. Acute stress predicted anxiety related to health. The anxiety related to health predicted generalized anxiety/sadness and somatization. And generalized anxiety/sadness predicted disengagement/anger in people. Thus, findings indicated that being women, unemployed, less than 29 or more than 65 years old, in quarantine, presenting COVID19 symptoms or suspected diagnosis, and reported comorbidity because of physical illness or depression was associated with the risk of mental health conditions. Next, studies should assess the impact of distance psychological interventions on the risk of developing acute and posttraumatic stress.

Objective The objective was to determine and compare demographic features, professional activities and adversities, physical health conditions, and self-care behaviors related to the most frequently self-reported mental health problems among psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees. Methods A cross-sectional, retrospective, comparative study was conducted on a total of 330 (48.2%) psychiatry trainees and 355 (51.8%) psychiatrists from Mexico through an online survey. Demographic features, professional activities and adversities, physical and mental health problems, self-care behaviors, and social support were examined. Comparative analyses and multiple logistic regression models were performed. Results Major depression, anxiety, and burnout were the most common mental health problems reported with a higher frequency of anxiety disorders in psychiatry trainees. Being a woman, having a physical health problem, and lack of restful sleep were the main risk factors in both groups. Consultation in the government sector and having patients with severe suicidal ideation affected more psychiatry trainees. Perceived discrimination and inadequate eating schedules were risk factors for mental health problems for psychiatrists. Conclusion Psychiatry trainees constitute a vulnerable group for anxiety disorders. Particular attention should be paid to how students cope with the training experience to determine whether additional support is required. These professionals face major stressors leading to a high prevalence of depression, burnout, and anxiety. Encouraging psychiatrists to have better health habits is a step in the right direction, which must be accompanied by tangible organizational avenues to do so and creating a culture that truly promotes self-care.

During the health emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the most affected sectors was the healthcare workers (HCWs), since it is a population group with a high risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, or depression. Resilience is one of the abilities that can favor a greater adaptation to adverse circumstances. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to know the association between resilience and PTSD in HCWs during the COVID-19 outbreak, which contributes to the development of preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions for this debilitating mental disorder. The study was prospective ex post facto, cross-sectional; it had a non-probabilistic sample of 613 Mexican HCWs. Data was collected through the platform www.personalcovid.com. The results obtained showed that resilience is negatively related to PTSD, with nurses being the most at-risk group among HCWs.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo central comparar los factores psicosociales en hombres homosexuales (HH) con y sin violencia de pareja (VP) en una muestra de pacientes de una clínica de atención del VIH en la Ciudad de México. Los resultados revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos tanto por sus características individuales como por variables propias de la comunidad gay que parecen evidenciar la asociación entre el rechazo y violencia social hacia minorías sexuales incluyendo la VP en esta población. Los hallazgos sugieren que el fenómeno de la VP entre HH con VIH requiere el desarrollo de intervenciones específicas para individuos, familias y comunidades.

Introduction: the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic promote mental health risks. Objective: the goal of the study was to assess the risk of developing mental health conditions as a result of COVID-19 situations: containment, symptoms or COVID-19 suspected, death of near people, use of alcohol, and violence. Method: it participated 8,348 Mexican, with a mean of 25 years old (SD =11.24), 50% single (4,133), 69% women (5,720), 47% in quarantine (3,948), 50% partially in quarantine (4,193), and 3% that they were not in quarantine (207). The kind proposed was a predictive correlational study using the WebApp application of the Questionnaire of Mental Health Screening in COVID-19 (Alpha= 0.96; 64 of explained variance) programed by Linux®, PHP ®, HTML®, CSS ®, and JavaScript®). Latent variables derivate of 124 iterations with 103 parameters (t[496] = 201,464, p=.000), a CFI = 0.921, a TLI = 0.908, a RMSEA = 0.067 (0.066 – 0.068), and a SRMR = 0.051. Results: results showed that avoidance predicted acute stress, this predicted anxiety related to health; anxiety related to health predicted generalized anxiety/sadness and somatization; and generalized anxiety/sadness predicted, disengagement/anger in people. Discussion and conclusions: containment, symptoms, or suspected COVID-19, explosive use of alcohol or reporting of emotional or physical violence, were associated with the risk of mental health conditions. Next studies should assess the impact of distance psychological interventions over the risk of developing acute and posttraumatic stress.

Background: Schizophrenia diagnosis is associated with special communication difficulties between clinicians, service users and caregivers, which may hinder the therapeutic alliance, treatment comp...

La apreciación cognitiva es el proceso por el que un individuo evalúa o juzga un evento potencialmente estresante de acuerdo con la amenaza que éste le pueda representar a su bienestar. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron traducir al español y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Apreciación Cognitiva del VIH/SIDA (EAC-VIH) en población mexicana. La validez de contenido y traducción al español fue validada por jueceo. La validez de constructo fue evaluada por medio del análisis factorial con rotación varimax y consistencia interna mediante alfa de Cronbach. La muestra fue de 180 pacientes con infección por VIH, del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. La versión en español de la EAC-VIH mantuvo 11 reactivos y una solución de tres factores (amenaza, desafío y control) que explica un 71.30% de la varianza. Los índices α Cronbach fueron para amenaza .89, desafío .84 y control .51. Asimismo, se comparó de forma concurrente con una escala de adhesión y de afectividad y resultó una escala confiable que puede considerarse un instrumento de utilidad tanto en la práctica clínica como en la investigación de la adaptación psicológica al VIH.

In Mexico, over 10 million persons are currently smokers. The motivation to quit smoking can be associated with individual and mental health factors. The aim of this study was to determine which variables related to smoking behavior, demographics, and current psychological symptoms distinguish highly motivated smokers (action stage) from less motivated smokers (planning stage) according to the readiness-to-quit model. 108 current smokers with no psychiatric diagnoses and no previous specialized attention for smoking cessation were interviewed. Nicotine dependence, readiness to quit, and psychological symptoms were assessed. Nicotine dependence was low to moderate (94.5%). Fewer depressive symptoms and smoking fewer cigarettes per day were the most important predictors for action motivation to quit. In assessing the motivation to quit smoking, individual demographic, background, and psychological characteristics should be considered since they can hinder the smoking cessation intervention.

Purpose of review To provide an update of recent or relevant studies on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in urban women, with a special focus on biopsychosocial risk factors. Recent findings Urbanization itself can increase the risk for PTSD due to the concentration of poverty, substance use and crime. Women are usually at a greater social and economic disadvantage and are victims of collective and domestic violence more often than men. Accordingly, urban women are more exposed to traumatic events that increase the prevalence of PTSD than rural women and both rural and urban men, especially those with lack of social and family protection and support (including refugees) and/or with a history of interpersonal violence. This type of events has sensitizing effects on the PTSD response to other traumatic experiences even if they are of a lesser magnitude, which may reflect women's biological susceptibility to PTSD, and could explain their higher risk of developing chronic PTSD. Summary A complex interaction of biopsychological factors may contribute to the ultra-high-risk for PTSD among urban women. The socially modifiable factors involved highlight the importance of strategies focused on women's social development that could reduce their social suffering and its negative mental health outcomes.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has created a public mental health crisis. Brief, valid electronic tools are required to evaluate mental health status, identify specific risk factors, and offer treatment when needed.ObjectiveTo determine the construct validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of a brief screening tool for mental health symptoms by sex, loss of loved ones, personal COVID-19 status, and psychological care-seeking during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the aim involved establishing a predictive pattern between the mental health variables.MethodA total sample of 27,320 Mexican participants, with a mean age of 32 years (SD = 12.24, range = 18–80), 67% women (n = 18,308), 23.10% with a loss of loved ones (n = 6,308), 18.3% with COVID-19 status (n = 5,005), and 18.40% seeking psychological care (n = 5,026), completed a questionnaire through a WebApp, containing socio-demographic data (sex, loss of loved ones, COVID-19 status, and psychological care-seeking) and the dimensions from the Posttraumatic Checklist, Depression-Generalized Anxiety Questionnaires, and Health Anxiety-Somatization scales. We used the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA: through maximum likelihood to continuous variable data, as an estimation method), the invariance measurement, and the structural equational modeling (SEM) to provide evidence of the construct validity of the scale and the valid path between variables. We analyzed the measurement invariance for each dimension by comparison groups to examine the extent to which the items showed comparable psychometric properties.FindingsThe tool included eight dimensions: four posttraumatic stress symptoms -intrusion, avoidance, hyperactivation, and numbing, as well as depression, generalized anxiety, health anxiety, and somatization The tool’s multidimensionality, was confirmed through the CFA and SEM. The participants’ characteristics made it possible to describe the measurement invariance of scales because of the participants’ attributes. Additionally, our findings indicated that women reported high generalized anxiety, hyperactivation, and depression. Those who lost loved ones reported elevated levels of intrusion and health anxiety symptoms. Participants who reported having COVID-19 presented with high levels of generalized anxiety symptoms. Those who sought psychological care reported high levels of generalized anxiety, intrusion, hyperactivation, and health anxiety symptoms. Our findings also show that intrusion was predicted by the avoidance dimension, while health anxiety was predicted by the intrusion dimension. Generalized anxiety was predicted by the health anxiety and hyperactivation dimensions, and hyperactivation was predicted by the depression one. Depression and somatization were predicted by the health anxiety dimension. Last, numbing was predicted by the depression and avoidance dimensions.Discussion and OutlookOur findings indicate that it was possible to validate the factor structure of posttraumatic stress symptoms and their relationship with depression, anxiety, and somatization, describing the specific bias as a function of sociodemographic COVID-19-related variables. We also describe the predictive pattern between the mental health variables. These mental health problems were identified in the community and primary health care scenarios through the CFA and the SEM, considering the PCL, depression, generalized anxiety, health anxiety, and somatization scales adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, future studies should describe the diagnosis of mental health disorders, assessing the cut-off points in the tool to discriminate between the presence and absence of conditions and mental health cut-off points. Community and primary care screening will lead to effective early interventions to reduce the mental health risks associated with the current pandemic.LimitationsFuture studies should follow up on the results of this study and assess consistency with diagnoses of mental health disorders and evaluate the effect of remote psychological help. Moreover, in the future, researchers should monitor the process and the time that has elapsed between the occurrence of traumatic events and the development of posttraumatic stress and other mental health risks through brief electronic measurement tools such as those used in this study.

espanolIntroduccion La empatia es definida como la capacidad para identificar y comprender las situaciones, sentimientos y motivaciones de otra persona. Estas respuestas son esenciales para relaciones y comportamientos sociales. Baron-Cohen et al. crearon el cociente de empatia (EQ), una escala disenada para tener aplicacion clinica. El instrumento evalua tres constructos de empatia y ha probado sus propiedades psicometricas con resultados adecuados en varios estudios mundiales, pero no en Mexico. Objetivo El proposito de este estudio fue examinar las propiedades psicometricas y la congruencia factorial del EQ en una muestra mexicana. Metodo El alpha de Cronbach y el analisis factorial fueron aplicados para probar la relacion entre las opciones de respuesta y los factores en 200 adultos sin diagnostico, a traves de la entrevista MINI. Se utilizo la version corta en espanol del EQ y se realizo un analisis factorial exploratorio donde se probo la confiabilidad con el alfa de Cronbach y se determino adecuada correspondencia y congruencia factorial. Resultados Se eliminaron cinco reactivos de la escala original de 28 reactivos. De los 23 reactivos restantes, solo 16 se agruparon en las tres dimensiones originales (empatia cognitiva: 8 reactivos, reactividad emocional: 4 reactivos y habilidades sociales: 3 reactivos) mientras que un reactivo mostro una comunalidad con un dominio diferente del original. La confiabilidad fue (.82), asi como los coeficientes de congruencia (.76 a .99). Discusion y conclusion La version del EQ es una buena herramienta para evaluar la empatia en poblacion mexicana. EnglishIntroduction: empathy is defined as the ability or process to identify and understand other person’s situation, feelings, and motives. These responses are essential for relationships and social behavior. Baron-Cohen et al. created the Empathy Quotient (EQ), a scale explicitly designed to have a clinical application. The instrument evaluates three constructs of empathy and several studies around worldwide, but not in Mexico. Objective: to examine the psychometric properties and the factor congruence of the EQ in a community sample from Mexico City. Method: cronbach´s alpha coefficient and a correspondence factorial analysis was performed to test the relation between response options and factors from the Exploratory Factor Analysis 200 adults without Axis I disorders through the MINI, filled out the Spanish version of the short version (28-items) of the EQ. An exploratory factor analysis was performed while reliability was tested with Cronbach’s alpha. In addition, correspondence factorial analysis and the factor congruence coefficient were determined. Results: five items were eliminated from the original 28-item EQ. From the 23 remaining items, only 16 were grouped in the three original proposed dimensions (cognitive empathy: 8 items, emotional reactivity: 4 items and social skills: 3 items), while one item showed communality with a different domain from the one originally proposed. Reliability was adequate (.82) as well as the congruence coefficients (.76 to .99). Discussion and conclusion: the EQ Mexican 16-item version is a good tool to assess empathy in a Mexican population.

Objective Describe and analyze the mental health service and medical needs of a group of transgender men from the point when they changed their gender identity to male. Material and method Transgender men volunteers who attended a specialized care center in Mexico City answered a qualitative semi-structured interview to explore their needs as well as the adversities they unnecessarily face due to the lack of information and care for their condition. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed for thematic analysis. Results Respondents began to develop their transgender identity in childhood; however, during that time, almost none of them had any helpful contact with a health professional. Those who did receive some form of care received mistreatment rather than positive feedback. It was not until adulthood that they obtained facts about a specialized care center. Conclusion It is necessary for health professionals to have information about sexual diversity and be trained to meet the needs of transgender children, in order to have information on places and professionals who accompany them and advise on available treatments such as hormone blockers or treatments. The study includes a small but important sample. However, the currently hostile, discriminatory environment, significantly exposes transgender people to developing mental health problems.

Background Psychiatrists may be at an increased risk of suicide, since they encounter stressful factors in their everyday activities in addition to the sociodemographic factors for suicidal ideation reported for Mexican population. Aim of the study To determine whether experiences inherent to the profession were related to the self-report of suicidal ideation among Mexican psychiatrists or could be attributed to factors previously reported in the general population (age, marital status, presence of a mental disorder and not having received specialized treatment). Methods This was a cross-sectional retrospective study with 288 psychiatrists from Mexico who participated through an online survey where current working activities, self-reported mental health conditions (major depression, anxiety, burnout and suicidal ideation) and professional adversities (assaults, lawsuits, patients with suicidal ideation or who had committed suicide, perceived discrimination and social support) throughout the professional lifespan were evaluated. Results Twenty-two psychiatrists (7.6%) reported having had suicidal ideation at some point in their training in psychiatry or their professional lives as psychiatrists. Depression and burnout were the most important predictors for suicidal ideation while greater satisfaction with social support was the most important protector, followed by being married/living together and having other physicians in the family. Conclusions Psychiatrist represent a risk population for suicidal ideation. As such, detection and attention are essential. Psychiatrists need to be encouraged to pursue healthy, lasting interpersonal relationships and seek professional help when required.

The perception that those with schizophrenia will be aggressive persists among the wider population. Some studies report that women generally perceive more aggression than men. It is not clear how ...

Major depressive disorder may remain underdiagnosed as it can be hidden behind somatic complaints or behavioral problems such as impulsivity, making other symptoms difficult to be recognized. The aim of the study was to determine the presence of depression in a sample of patients first-time diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder that do not refer symptoms related to depression and to compare anxiety symptoms profile and impulsivity features between depressed and non-depressed patients. A total of 86 patients with DSM-IV diagnosis of GAD were recruited from the outpatient psychiatric services of the General Hospital of Comalcalco, Tabasco. Anxiety symptom severity and impulsivity were assessed with previously validated instruments. Depression was rated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the sample was categorized in depressed and non-depressed patients. More than half of the patients (54.7%) were identified as clinically depressed. These patients reported more severe anxiety symptomatology and more impulsivity than non-depressed patients; depressed patients also reported more somatic symptoms (e.g., gastrointestinal and hypochondriasis) which patients might identify as anxiety symptoms. In Latin-America, it is very common to use somatic symptoms as idioms of expression of emotional distress. Therefore, in patients with GAD with high levels of somatic complaints and impulsivity, depression should be evaluated.

Introduction Public perception of the not guilty by reason of insanity verdict is influenced the stigma of violence surrounding schizophrenia. Anti-stigma programmes in adolescents can improve attitudes towards patients. Material and methods A total of 515 adolescents completed the Public Concept of Aggressiveness Questionnaire (CAQ), which is made up of a brief clinical vignette and specific questions that assess subjective perceptions about aggressiveness and dangerousness as well as the perception of the subject having a mental illness and behaving unpredictably. Results More than 50.0% of the sample considered that the patient with schizophrenia was guilty. The unpredictable behaviour was the most important variable associated with not guilty by reason of insanity, followed by the perception of aggressiveness and mental illness. Conclusions Fortunately, most adolescents associated not guilty by reason of insanity with the presence of a mental illness. Health promotion programmes in schools might be appropriate to reduce stigma.

Resumen Introduccion La percepcion publica de inimputabilidad esta influida por el estigma de la violencia que rodea a la esquizofrenia. Los programas antiestigma en adolescentes pueden mejorar las actitudes hacia los pacientes. Material y metodos Un total de 515 adolescentes completaron el Cuestionario de Concepcion Publica de Agresividad (CPA) compuesto por una vineta clinica de un paciente con esquizofrenia y preguntas especificas para evaluar la percepcion de inimputabilidad, agresividad, peligrosidad, enfermedad mental y comportamiento impredecible. Resultados Mas del 50% de la muestra considero que el paciente con esquizofrenia era culpable. El comportamiento impredecible fue la principal variable asociada a la valoracion de inimputabilidad, seguida por la percepcion de agresividad y enfermedad mental. Conclusiones Afortunadamente, la mayoria de los adolescentes asociaron la inimputabilidad con la presencia de una enfermedad mental. Los programas de promocion de la salud en las escuelas podrian ser apropiados para reducir el estigma.

Worldwide, three out of four of the general population have reported experiencing violence. Governments should address solutions to violence and its effects on mental health. The study aimed to determine depressive, anxious, and posttraumatic stress symptoms related to the violence experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population. The study was conducted with 18,449 Mexicans of 33 years (SD = 11.00, range = 18–59), with 12,188 (66.10%) being women, 3559 (19.29%) having COVID-19, 2706 (14.67%) seeking psychological care, and 5712 (30.96%) experiencing violence. Subjects completed the Major Depressive Episode (MDE) Checklist, Generalized Anxiety (GA) Scale, and the Posttraumatic Stress (PTS) Checklists (PCL-5) programmed in a WebApp application. We assessed the dimensionality of the scales through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the measurement invariance, and a structural equation model (SEM). In the total sample, 28.10% fulfilled the MDE criteria, and 42.30% had high levels of GA. In the sample of those experiencing violence, 48.40% met the MDE criteria, 61.70% had high GA symptoms, and 50% met the criteria for a PTS disorder. Experiencing violence was associated with GA and severe PTS symptoms when the discomfort had bothered them for over a month since the onset of these symptoms. Subjects who had experienced violence and had mental health symptoms seemed ready for treatment. Further studies will evaluate the effect of remote psychological care to help reduce the treatment gap.

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses caused two noteworthy outbreaks: severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), starting in 2002, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), starting in 2012. We aimed to assess the psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.In this systematic review and meta-analysis, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases (from their inception until March 18, 2020), and medRxiv, bioRxiv, and PsyArXiv (between Jan 1, 2020, and April 10, 2020) were searched by two independent researchers for all English-language studies or preprints reporting data on the psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations of individuals with suspected or laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infection (SARS coronavirus, MERS coronavirus, or SARS coronavirus 2). We excluded studies limited to neurological complications without specified neuropsychiatric presentations and those investigating the indirect effects of coronavirus infections on the mental health of people who are not infected, such as those mediated through physical distancing measures such as self-isolation or quarantine. Outcomes were psychiatric signs or symptoms; symptom severity; diagnoses based on ICD-10, DSM-IV, or the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (third edition) or psychometric scales; quality of life; and employment. Both the systematic review and the meta-analysis stratified outcomes across illness stages (acute vs post-illness) for SARS and MERS. We used a random-effects model for the meta-analysis, and the meta-analytical effect size was prevalence for relevant outcomes, I1963 studies and 87 preprints were identified by the systematic search, of which 65 peer-reviewed studies and seven preprints met inclusion criteria. The number of coronavirus cases of the included studies was 3559, ranging from 1 to 997, and the mean age of participants in studies ranged from 12·2 years (SD 4·1) to 68·0 years (single case report). Studies were from China, Hong Kong, South Korea, Canada, Saudi Arabia, France, Japan, Singapore, the UK, and the USA. Follow-up time for the post-illness studies varied between 60 days and 12 years. The systematic review revealed that during the acute illness, common symptoms among patients admitted to hospital for SARS or MERS included confusion (36 [27·9%; 95% CI 20·5-36·0] of 129 patients), depressed mood (42 [32·6%; 24·7-40·9] of 129), anxiety (46 [35·7%; 27·6-44·2] of 129), impaired memory (44 [34·1%; 26·2-42·5] of 129), and insomnia (54 [41·9%; 22·5-50·5] of 129). Steroid-induced mania and psychosis were reported in 13 (0·7%) of 1744 patients with SARS in the acute stage in one study. In the post-illness stage, depressed mood (35 [10·5%; 95% CI 7·5-14·1] of 332 patients), insomnia (34 [12·1%; 8·6-16·3] of 280), anxiety (21 [12·3%; 7·7-17·7] of 171), irritability (28 [12·8%; 8·7-17·6] of 218), memory impairment (44 [18·9%; 14·1-24·2] of 233), fatigue (61 [19·3%; 15·1-23·9] of 316), and in one study traumatic memories (55 [30·4%; 23·9-37·3] of 181) and sleep disorder (14 [100·0%; 88·0-100·0] of 14) were frequently reported. The meta-analysis indicated that in the post-illness stage the point prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder was 32·2% (95% CI 23·7-42·0; 121 of 402 cases from four studies), that of depression was 14·9% (12·1-18·2; 77 of 517 cases from five studies), and that of anxiety disorders was 14·8% (11·1-19·4; 42 of 284 cases from three studies). 446 (76·9%; 95% CI 68·1-84·6) of 580 patients from six studies had returned to work at a mean follow-up time of 35·3 months (SD 40·1). When data for patients with COVID-19 were examined (including preprint data), there was evidence for delirium (confusion in 26 [65%] of 40 intensive care unit patients and agitation in 40 [69%] of 58 intensive care unit patients in one study, and altered consciousness in 17 [21%] of 82 patients who subsequently died in another study). At discharge, 15 (33%) of 45 patients with COVID-19 who were assessed had a dysexecutive syndrome in one study. At the time of writing, there were two reports of hypoxic encephalopathy and one report of encephalitis. 68 (94%) of the 72 studies were of either low or medium quality.If infection with SARS-CoV-2 follows a similar course to that with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV, most patients should recover without experiencing mental illness. SARS-CoV-2 might cause delirium in a significant proportion of patients in the acute stage. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of depression, anxiety, fatigue, post-traumatic stress disorder, and rarer neuropsychiatric syndromes in the longer term.Wellcome Trust, UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), UK Medical Research Council, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University College London.

Introduction. There is a wide range of possible combinations in relation to sex at birth, gender identity, and sexual orientations. Specific medical and psychological treatment needs may also vary depending on these combinations. Objective. In order to promote interventions that focus on the perceived needs of those directly involved, the aim of the present case study is to describe the clinical and life experiences of a 43-year old transgender woman with cryptorchidism and examine the interplay between this relative common testicular problem at birth, gender identity, and sexual orientation formation processes from her own perspective. Method. An in-depth interview was conducted at a specialized care centre in Mexico City, Mexico. The interview was audio recorded and transcribed for a content analysis. Results. The case under analysis was assigned to the male sex and identified herself as a transgender woman and lesbian. Although it is not possible to conclude that her gender identity or sexual orientation is related to her antecedent of cryptorchidism, as she reflected on her related negative experiences, she concluded that her gender identity and sexual orientation trajectories, as well as her life in general, would have been completely different if there were no clinical interventions in her early development. Discussion and conclusion. The present case could have been benefited from not receiving early treatment for her cryptorchidism. There is an urgent need for the development of standardized protocols or algorithms for physical and mental health care professionals, which focus on supportive guidance rather than adjustment to parental and medical expectations.

Introduction. The main attitudes towards people with schizophrenia are fear and rejection, which derive from the idea that patients have no control over their behavior and that they are aggressive, violent, and/or dangerous. Several studies have shown that mental health professionals show negative attitudes towards patients with schizophrenia from the start of their professional training. Objective. To compare the stigmatizing attitudes and perception of aggression of female undergraduate students of medicine and psychology towards people with schizophrenia. Method. Fifty-seven (49.6%) undergraduate medical students and 58 (50.4%) psychology students in the early semesters of their professional training were included. Both groups answered the Opinion Scale on Mental Illness and the Public Concept of Aggressiveness Questionnaire (PCA). Results. Over 60% of the students from both degree courses considered that the individual with schizophrenia described in the vignette could be aggressive, with a higher percentage corresponding to female students enrolled in the medical degree program. In this group, more negative attitudes towards the disease were observed in terms of separatism, restriction, and stigmatization. Discussion and conclusion. It is essential to promote clear, objective information with a biopsychosocial approach to the disease in the syllabus in order to reduce or eliminate stigmatizing beliefs and attitudes regarding schizophrenia acquired prior to professional training.

Perceived discrimination contributes to the development of internalized stigma among those with schizophrenia. Evidence on demographic and clinical factors related to the perception of discrimination among this population is both contradictory and scarce in low- and middle-income countries. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to determine the demographic and clinical factors predicting the perception of discrimination among Mexican patients with schizophrenia. Two hundred and seventeen adults with paranoid schizophrenia completed an interview on their demographic status and clinical characteristics. Symptom severity was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; and perceived discrimination using 13 items from the King's Internalized Stigma Scale. Bivariate linear associations were determined to identify the variables of interest to be included in a linear regression analysis. Years of education, age of illness onset and length of hospitalization were associated with discrimination. However, only age of illness onset and length of hospitalization emerged as predictors of perceived discrimination in the final regression analysis, with longer length of hospitalization being the independent variable with the greatest contribution. Fortunately, this is a modifiable factor regarding the perception of discrimination and self-stigma. Strategies for achieving this as part of community-based mental health care are also discussed.

Objective: Early-psychosis researchers have documented that duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is an important predictor of outcomes in first-episode psychosis. Very few cross-national studies have been conducted, and none have been carried out involving patients from both Mexico and the U.S. We collaborated to answer three questions: (1)Are DUP estimates similar in two very different settings and samples? (2)Are demographic variables, premorbid adjustment, and symptom severity similarly related to DUP in the two different settings? (3)Does the same set of variables account for a similar proportion of variance in DUP in the two settings? Methods: Data on sociodemographic characteristics, premorbid adjustment, symptom severity, and DUP were available for 145 Mexican and 247 U.S. first-episode psychosis patients. DUP was compared, and bivariate analyses and multiple linear regressions were carried out in each sample. Results: DUP estimates were similar (medians of 35 weeks in Mexico and 38 weeks in the U.S.). In the Mexican sample, DUP was associated with gender, employment status, premorbid social adjustment, and positive symptom severity (explaining 18% of variance). In the U.S. sample, DUP was associated with age, employment status, premorbid social adjustment, and positive symptom severity (but in the opposite direction of that observed in the Mexican sample), accounting for 25% of variance. Conclusions: Additional cross-national collaborations examining key facets of early-course psychotic disorders, including DUP, will clarify the extent of generalizability of findings, strengthen partnerships for more internationally relevant studies, and support the global movement to help young people struggling with first-episode psychosis and their families.

ObjectiveThe functional assessment of cancer therapy-bone marrow transplant (FACT-BMT) is a widely used instrument to assess quality of life (QOL) in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients, but there is little evidence of its validity in Latin American populations. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Spanish language version of the FACT-BMT in Mexican patients.MethodFirst, the original version was piloted with 15 HSCT patients to obtain an adequate cultural version, resulting in the adaptation of one item. After that, the new version was completed by 139 HSCT patients.ResultsThe results showed a FACT factor structure that explains 70.84% of the total variance, a factor structure similar to the original FACT structure, and with a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.867). For the BMT subscale, the best factor structure included 17 items which explain 61.65% of the total variance with an adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.696).Significance of the resultsThe FACT-BMT was found to be a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate QOL in Mexican patients. Our results constitute new FACT-BMT empirical evidence that supports its clinical and research uses.

Background Depression and anxiety are frequent comorbid conditions in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); they are related to poor prognosis and higher mortality risk. Health providers need a clinical tool to identify these psychiatric conditions. The 14-item hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) is a screening tool used in patients with different medical conditions. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the HADS Mexican Spanish version in a broad sample of Mexican patients with CVDs. Materials and methods A total of 953 individuals between 18 and 75 years old with ischemic or hypertensive cardiomyopathy were screened with the HADS Mexican Spanish version. Construct validity, internal consistency, and congruence coefficients of the scale were obtained. Results The results showed two clear factors which correspond to the original two designated domains of the HADS, anxiety, and depression, with adequate reliability values (alpha > 0.80) and high congruence coefficients (> 0.90) when compared to the sample of other validation studies of the HADS. Conclusions The present study adds evidence of the validity and reliability of the HADS to assess the presence of both depression and anxiety in Mexican patients with CVD. Its central contribution is that it demonstrates its capacity to differentiate the presence and severity of depression and anxiety in this population.

Depression and anxiety are frequent comorbid conditions in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); they are related to poor prognosis and higher mortality risk. Health providers need a clinical tool to identify these psychiatric conditions. The 14-item hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) is a screening tool used in patients with different medical conditions.The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the HADS Mexican Spanish version in a broad sample of Mexican patients with CVDs.A total of 953 individuals between 18 and 75 years old with ischemic or hypertensive cardiomyopathy were screened with the HADS Mexican Spanish version. Construct validity, internal consistency, and congruence coefficients of the scale were obtained.The results showed two clear factors which correspond to the original two designated domains of the HADS, anxiety, and depression, with adequate reliability values (alpha0.80) and high congruence coefficients (0.90) when compared to the sample of other validation studies of the HADS.The present study adds evidence of the validity and reliability of the HADS to assess the presence of both depression and anxiety in Mexican patients with CVD. Its central contribution is that it demonstrates its capacity to differentiate the presence and severity of depression and anxiety in this population.La depresión y la ansiedad son afecciones comórbidas frecuentes en las enfermedades cardiovasculares; se relacionan con mal pronóstico y mayor riesgo de mortalidad. Los proveedores de salud requieren de una herramienta clínica para identificar estas condiciones psiquiátricas. La Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Hospitalaria de 14 ítems (HADS) es una herramienta de detección utilizada en pacientes con diferentes afecciones médicas.Evaluar las ­propiedades psicométricas de la versión mexicana-española de la HADS en una amplia muestra de pacientes mexicanos con enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV).Un total de 953 individuos entre 18 y 75 años de edad con cardiomiopatía isquémica o hipertensiva se examinaron con la versión Mexicana en español de la HADS. Se obtuvieron la validez de constructo, la consistencia interna y los coeficientes de congruencia de la escala.Los resultados mostraron dos factores que corresponden a los dos dominios designados originales de la HADS, ansiedad y depresión, con valores de confiabilidad adecuados (alfa0.80) y altos coeficientes de congruencia (0.90) en comparación con la muestra de otros estudios de validación de la HADS.El presente estudio sustenta la validez y confiabilidad de la HADS para evaluar la presencia de depresión y ansiedad en pacientes Mexicanos con ECV. Su contribución central es su capacidad para diferenciar la presencia y la gravedad de la depresión y la ansiedad en esta población.

Introduction. Self-perceived health (SPH) is related to disease and well-being. Psychiatrists report burnout and mental disorders more frequently than other physicians, while personality traits related to perfectionism may influence the perception of well-being and health in these professionals. Objective. To compare and determine the association between demographic variables, health conditions, perceived distress, perfectionism, and SPH. Method. A cross-sectional, retrospective, comparative study was performed through an online survey. Psychiatrists and psychiatry trainees who were willing and able to participate were included. Demographic variables and self-reports of mental and physical conditions were examined. SPH was rated on a 10-point visual analogue scale and perfectionism through the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale. Comparative analyses and multiple linear regression models were performed. Results. Three hundred and thirty psychiatry trainees and 355 psychiatrists were recruited. Psychiatrists reported more physical conditions (32.4% vs. 15%, p < .001), distress (p < .001), and perfectionism (p < .001). Major depression and anxiety were present over 50% of all participants. A higher SPH was associated with being partnered and having higher distress levels in psychiatry trainees and with the absence of a physical health condition, less concern over errors, and higher personal standards in psychiatrists. Discussion and conclusion. Self-oriented perfectionism may have a significant motivational component, accentuated by competitiveness and individualism. Being married and having higher levels of distress in psychiatry trainees appears to create a sense of satisfaction with achievements. The implementation of strategies to prioritize and meet goals is necessary to have an adequate work-life balance without affecting personal satisfaction or the sense of achievement.

En Mexico se crearon cinco clinicas virtuales de salud mental para los trabajadores de la salud como parte de la respuesta nacional de salud mental ante la pandemia por COVID-19. La clinica de desgaste, estres postraumatico y fatiga por compasion es una de ellas. Objetivo Describir las caracteristicas sociodemograficas y psicologicas basales de los trabajadores de la salud que asistieron a las sesiones virtuales de atencion plena, que constituyeron una de las estrategias de atencion en la clinica. Metodo Estudio transversal, parte de un proyecto nacional y longitudinal. Los participantes contestaron un cuestionario digital con preguntas sociodemograficas y sobre la situacion actual del COVID-19, el Indice Extendido de Bienestar Medico y la escala TOP-8 de estres postraumatico. Resultados De los 507 trabajadores de la salud que participaron, 70.02% presentaron riesgo de desgaste segun el Indice de Bienestar Extendido, y 57.31, 7.91 y 2.77% de riesgo leve, moderado y grave en el TOP-8, respectivamente. Las mujeres, los habitantes de la zona metropolitana o del centro del pais, aquellos con diagnostico de COVID-19 y los expuestos a personas con dicho diagnostico fueron los mas afectados. Discusion y conclusion Los participantes de las sesiones de atencion plena presentaron altas frecuencias de sintomas de estres postraumatico y desgaste (burnout). Como las trabajadoras de zonas urbanizadas podrian correr un riesgo especial, deberia darseles un seguimiento especial, en particular a aquellas en contacto directo con personas positivas al COVID-19. La participacion temprana en estrategias de salud mental podria amortiguar los efectos inmediatos y de largo plazo de la pandemia