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This study aimed to explore the perception and sensory acceptance of Purple Maize (PM) breakfast cereals by a Brazilian panel. The extrudates were elaborated using 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% PM in a commercial yellow corn base. A total of 117 consumers evaluated samples through an acceptability test (nine-point hedonic scale) followed by CATA questions (35 descriptive terms) and a market research questionnaire. The cereals formulated with 50% and 75% PM had the best scores (6) in color, aroma, texture, and overall liking during the acceptability test. Based on the penalty-lift analysis, Brazilian consumers' most important drivers of preference were the attractive color, crispy texture, and the natural and innovative purple color. In contrast, hard texture and brown color drivers negatively impacted the scores. In the market research, consumers indicated that they could eat the product both as a breakfast cereal and as a snack during the day; Likewise, they highlighted the possible health benefits, the innovative color, and the use of exotic raw materials as the best characteristics of the product. Therefore, using 50% PM or more allows for obtaining sustainable and nutritious breakfast cereals with characteristics of color, flavor, and texture well accepted by Brazilian consumers.

Peruvian Andean maize (PAM) has been commonly used as an ingredient that confers color, flavor, and texture in culinary. Nevertheless, no studies are focusing on agro-industrial interest characteristics to develop new products. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical, nutritional, and technological characteristics of kernels and the starch granule morphology of the five main PAM varieties: Chullpi, Piscorunto, Giant Cuzco, Sacsa, and Purple. PAM's characterization was performed according to the official methods, and its morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physically, the varieties of larger kernels (Giant Cuzco and Sacsa) presented a higher 1000-kernel weight and a lower hectoliter weight than those of smaller size (Piscorunto, Purple, and Chullpi). Nutritionally, PAM had higher ether extract (5%) and ash (2%) contents than other pigmented maizes. Likewise, they presented more significant amounts of essential amino acids, as leucine (10 mg/g protein) and tryptophan (up to 2 mg/g protein); unsaturated fatty acids, oleic (30%) and linoleic (53%); and minerals, as magnesium (104 mg/100 g). SEM showed that endosperm structure and starch morphology vary according to maize types and their grain location. Starch granules of floury PAM varieties were small and polyhedral in the sub-aleurone endosperm, whereas those of the central area were bigger and spherical. In Chullpi, it was observed a portion of vitreous endosperm with a compact structure. The low protein content (8.3%) and the endosperm structure of floury varieties of PAM influenced their pasting properties. Their pasting temperature was69 to 71 °C, peak viscosity 3200 to 4400 cP, and seatback1250 to 1706 cP; therefore, they do not retrograde easily. The results suggest that PAM has characteristics that would help elaborate regional products with added value, such as soups, willows, beverages, and porridges.

The objective of this research was evaluate the effect of the partial substitution of wheat flour by soybean meal (HS) in the technological and sensory characteristics of cupcakes, in order to develop a high-protein food for school-age students. Common wheat flour was replaced with four different percentages of HS: 5% (F1), 10% (F2), 15% (F3) and 20% (F4), these were compared with a control sample with 0% (F0) of HS. The technological characteristics evaluated were weight loss, water activity (Aw), instrumental color, bulk and texturometria samples, for 12 days. The results showed that the substitution of HS improves firmness of cupcakes and helps moisture retention, a substitution until F2 was not significantly different from F0. A test to 45 panelists with a hedonic scale for sensory evaluation was used; three sensory characteristics (color, flavor and texture) and purchase intent were evaluated. The cupcakes with HS presented significant differences in color in relation to F0; the results indicated that this ingredient could replace wheat flour F0 up to 10%, without significantly altering its sensory quality. As for the intention to purchase, F2 obtained a score of 4.20 ± 0.53 on a scale of 5 points, which does not differ significantly from F0. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la sustitución parcial de harina de trigo por harina de soya (HS) en las características tecnológicas y sensoriales de cupcakes, con la finalidad de desarrollar un alimento rico en proteínas para alumnos en edad escolar. Se sustituyó la harina de trigo común por HS en 4 porcentajes diferentes 5% (F1), 10% (F2), 15% (F3) y 20% (F4) y se comparó con una muestra control con 0% (F0) de HS. Las características tecnológicas evaluadas fueron: pérdida de peso, actividad de agua (Aw), color instrumental, volumen específico y texturometría de las muestras durante 12 días. Los resultados mostraron que la sustitución por HS mejora la firmeza de los cupcakes y ayuda a la retención de la humedad, una sustitución hasta F2 no presentó diferencia significativa con F0. Para la evaluación sensorial se aplicó un test con escala hedónica a 45 panelistas, se evaluaron 3 características sensoriales (color, sabor y textura) e intensión de compra. Los cupcakes con HS presentaron diferencias significativas en el color en relación con F0, los resultados indicaron que este ingrediente puede sustituir a la harina de trigo de la F0 hasta en un 10%, sin alterar significativamente su calidad sensorial. En cuanto a la intensión de compra, F2 obtuvo un puntaje de 4,20 ± 0,53 en una escala de 5 puntos, el cual no presenta diferencias significativas con F0.

Ancient grains are considered to have been minimally changed by selective breeding, thus they are resistant to pests and environmental adversities and have stood out as a healthy food for consumption. This article aimed to review Peruvian Andean maize (PAM), which despite being used in local cuisine, little information has been found in literature about its characteristics and bioactive properties. The highest yielding varieties of PAM include Chullpi, Piscorunto, Sacsa, Giant Cuzco, and Purple, which differs from the commercial maize by their greater variety of color, size, and higher levels of protein, lipids, and bioactive compounds. The genetic characteristics of PAM associated with a geographical origin allow for the production of agricultural products with higher added value, without exhausting the existing plantations and maintaining the sustainability of the Andean region.

Andean purple maize (PM) contains fibers and natural pigments, which could improve the quality of extruded products. In this project, we evaluated the technological properties of a breakfast cereal formulated with substitution of commercial yellow corn by PM whole-flour in 25% (PM25), 50% (PM50), 75% (PM75) and 100%(PM100). The results show that as the concentration of PM increases in breakfast cereal, it presents a greater intensity of the purple color and water absorption index, at the same time that decrease its instrumental hardness and expansion index.

Vegetable oils such as sacha inchi (ASI) and oliva (AO) contain mono-unsaturated fatty acids (omega-9) and polyunsaturated (omega-6), and small amounts of omega-3. By contrast, marine oils such as fish oil crude (ACP) are characterized by their high content in omega-3. The objective of this research was to determine and compare the physicochemical of these three oils in order to establish which is the best for food use features. The acidity index, refractive index and specific gravity was determined by AOAC official methods, and the lifetime by the Rancimat method at three temperatures (100 °C, 120 °C and 150 °C), extrapolating the results at 25 °C. The results of the physicochemical characterization indicate that the three oils are significantly different. The acid values in% oleic acid were 1.08, 1.14 and 1.561 for ASI, AO and ACP respectively. The refractive indices (20 °C) were 1.475, 1.469 and 1.481 for ASI, AO and ACP respectively, relative density was 0.9283; 0.9152 and 0.9308 for ASI, AO and ACP respectively. The lifespan for ASI, AO and ACP was 93, 137 and 2 days respectively. The composition of fatty acids in oils from both plant and marine life besides, gives great importance from the nutritional point of view, as they are contained in the oils studied significantly. The results indicate the importance of this type of oils in food. Los aceites vegetales tales como el aceite de sacha inchi (ASI) y oliva (AO) contienen ácidos grasos mono-insaturados (omega-9) y poliinsaturados (omega-6), y pequeñas cantidades de omega-3. Por el contrario, los aceites de origen marino como el aceite crudo de pescado (ACP) se caracterizan por su alto contenido en omega-3. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar y comparar las características físico-químicas de estos tres aceites a fin de establecer cuál es el mejor para el uso alimentario. El Índice de acidez, índice de refracción y densidad relativa se determinó por métodos oficiales AOAC, y el tiempo de vida útil por el método Rancimat, a tres temperaturas (100 °C; 120 °C y 150 °C), extrapolando los resultados a 25 °C. Los resultados obtenidos en la caracterización fisicoquímica indican que estos aceites son significativamente diferentes. Los índices de acidez en % de ácido oleico fueron de 1,08, 1,14 y 1,561 para ASI, AO y ACP respectivamente. Los índices de refracción (20 °C) fueron 1,475, 1,469 y 1,481 para ASI, AO y ACP respectivamente, la densidad relativa fue 0,9283, 0,9152 y 0,9308 para ASI, AO y ACP respectivamente. La vida útil para ASI, AO y ACP fue de 93, 137 y 2 días respectivamente. La composición de ácidos grasos tanto en los aceites de origen vegetal y marino además de su vida útil, imparte gran importancia desde el punto de vista nutricional, ya que están contenidos significativamente en los aceites estudiados. Los resultados indican la importancia de este tipo de aceites en la alimentación humana.

Los aceites vegetales tales como el aceite de sacha inchi (ASI) y oliva (AO) contienen ácidos grasos mono-insaturados (omega-9) y poliinsaturados (omega-6), y pequeñas cantidades de omega-3. Por el contrario, los aceites de origen marino como el aceite crudo de pescado (ACP) se caracterizan por su alto contenido en omega-3. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar y comparar las características físico-químicas de estos tres aceites a fin de establecer cuál es el mejor para el uso alimentario. El Índice de acidez, índice de refracción y densidad relativa se determinó por métodos oficiales AOAC, y el tiempo de vida útil por el método Rancimat, a tres temperaturas (100 °C; 120 °C y 150 °C), extrapolando los resultados a 25 °C. Los resultados obtenidos en la caracterización fisicoquímica indican que estos aceites son significativamente diferentes. Los índices de acidez en % de ácido oleico fueron de 1,08, 1,14 y 1,561 para ASI, AO y ACP respectivamente. Los índices de refracción (20 °C) fueron 1,475, 1,469 y 1,481 para ASI, AO y ACP respectivamente, la densidad relativa fue 0,9283, 0,9152 y 0,9308 para ASI, AO y ACP respectivamente. La vida útil para ASI, AO y ACP fue de 93, 137 y 2 días respectivamente. La composición de ácidos grasos tanto en los aceites de origen vegetal y marino además de su vida útil, imparte gran importancia desde el punto de vista nutricional, ya que están contenidos significativamente en los aceites estudiados. Los resultados indican la importancia de este tipo de aceites en la alimentación humana. Vegetable oils such as sacha inchi (ASI) and oliva (AO) contain mono-unsaturated fatty acids (omega-9) and polyunsaturated (omega-6), and small amounts of omega-3. By contrast, marine oils such as fish oil crude (ACP) are characterized by their high content in omega-3. The objective of this research was to determine and compare the physicochemical of these three oils in order to establish which is the best for food use features. The acidity index, refractive index and specific gravity was determined by AOAC official methods, and the lifetime by the Rancimat method at three temperatures (100 °C, 120 °C and 150 °C), extrapolating the results at 25 °C. The results of the physicochemical characterization indicate that the three oils are significantly different. The acid values in% oleic acid were 1.08, 1.14 and 1.561 for ASI, AO and ACP respectively. The refractive indices (20 °C) were 1.475, 1.469 and 1.481 for ASI, AO and ACP respectively, relative density was 0.9283; 0.9152 and 0.9308 for ASI, AO and ACP respectively. The lifespan for ASI, AO and ACP was 93, 137 and 2 days respectively. The composition of fatty acids in oils from both plant and marine life besides, gives great importance from the nutritional point of view, as they are contained in the oils studied significantly. The results indicate the importance of this type of oils in food.

Stevia, also known as "The miracle sweetener", is considered the best sugar substitute because it is up to 300 times sweeter and contains no calories. This shrub, grown in the forests of Brazil and Paraguay, has in its composition a high percentage of steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A), which give it an intensely sweet taste and therapeutic properties against diabetes, hypertension and obesity also helps control weight, satiety and hunger. For its content in phenolic compounds, Stevia also acts as an excellent antioxidant and anticarcinogenic; also has been shown to have antibacterial, contraceptive, and diuretic properties. This review paper aims to collect information on the studies undertaken to stevia as an alternative to sugar and the benefits it provides consumption. La stevia, conocida también como "El edulcorante milagroso", es considerada el mejor sustituto del azúcar debido a que es hasta 300 veces más dulce y no contiene calorías. Este arbusto, cultivado en los bosques de Brasil y Paraguay, presenta en su composición un alto porcentaje de glucósidos de esteviol (esteviósido y rebaudiosida A), los cuales le confieren un sabor dulce intenso y propiedades terapéuticas contra la diabetes, la hipertensión y la obesidad; además ayuda al control del peso, la saciedad y el hambre. Por su contenido en compuestos fenólicos, la stevia actúa también como un excelente antioxidante y anticancerígeno; asimismo se ha demostrado que posee propiedades antibacterianas, anticonceptivas y diuréticas. Este trabajo de revisión tuvo como objetivo, recopilar información sobre los estudios realizados a la stevia como alternativa al azúcar y los beneficios de su consumo.