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Abstract Objective Report the up-to-date trends in surgical approach for cervical cancer and compare outcomes between open and minimally invasive routes. Methods Radical Hysterectomy (RH) cases from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset between 2012 and 2015 were grouped into abdominal (ARH) and Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS). The MIS group was subdivided as "Laparoscopic", "Robotic", and "Converted". Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to analyze differences in complication rates. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Dataset 2015 was used for validation. Results A total of 7180 cases from NIS were identified. Overall, there was 44% decline in RH cases from 2012 (n = 2220) to 2015 (n = 1255). A proportionate increase in robotic cases from 31.5% in 2012 to 41.4% in 2015 was noted. By intention to treat analysis, the rate of at least one complication for abdominal cases was 24.8% compared to 10% for MIS (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, abdominal cases had higher odd of any one complication (aOR 2.9,95% CI 2.12–4.00), medical complication (aOR 3.25,95% CI 2.15–4.19), infectious complication (aOR 3.76,95% CI 2.1–6.1) but not for surgical complications (aOR 1.7,95% CI 0.5–5.6). AH resulted in longer hospital stay compared to MIS (4.3 vs 1.9 days, p < 0.001). Median cost of AH was $12,624, laparoscopic $12,873, robotic $14,029 and converted cases $17,036. NSQIP analysis supplemented the outcomes to 30-days and showed similar findings. Conclusions Perioperative complications are significantly lower for MIS procedures. These data should be used for contemporary cost-effective analysis and comprehensive counseling regarding risks and benefits of the surgical approach for cervical cancer. Highlights • Rates of inpatient radical abdominal hysterectomy declined significantly between 2012 and 2015. • A proportionate increase in minimally invasive surgery, notably robotic surgery was noted. • Minimally invasive surgical approaches have shorter length of stay and significantly less complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple layers of suppressive components including regulatory T (TReg) cells, suppressive antigen-presenting cells, and inhibitory cytokines form suppressive networks in the ovarian cancer microenvironment. It has been demonstrated that as a major suppressive element, TReg cells infiltrate tumor, interact with several types of immune cells, and mediate immune suppression through different molecular and cellular mechanisms. In this paper, we focus on human ovarian cancer and will discuss the nature of TReg cells including their subsets, trafficking, expansion, and function. We will briefly review the development of manipulation of TReg cells in preclinical and clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]