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An old investing adage holds that what everybody knows isn't worth knowing. A corollary to this is that what everyone thinks will happen in investment markets often doesn't. This probably [...]

Although women have made considerable inroads in the legal profession over the past four decades, a review of their distribution in various types of practice in the United States shows that, compared to their male colleagues, they have been affected disproportionately by the recent economic downturn, although not in every sphere of the profession. This study reviews research, articles in the legal press, and online blogs that report women's access to equity partnerships has been stalled, their representation in part-time employment has increased, and they are disproportionately recruited or diverted to positions as staff or contract attorneys. Women's access to prime legal jobs has diminished, and they face employment strategies that no longer favor diversity in the profession. Furthermore, the recession has had an impact on the hiring and retention of minority lawyers although firms feel pressure to retain them. There is some indication of growing opportunity for women as corporation counsels in large corporations. There is also some indication that a smaller proportion of women are applying for and entering law schools., INTRODUCTION Although women now figure among the top lawyers in some very august spheres, indicating that they are no longer the anomaly they once were and that a number of [...]

III. Good Deficits in the Short Run: Fighting Recessions Even some of the most adamant opponents of deficits concede that there is such a thing as a 'good deficit.' (76) [...]

I. INTRODUCTION In November 2009, American joblessness soared to 10.2%, the highest unemployment rate reported in a quarter century. (1) The present unemployment rate continues to hover near 10%. (2) [...]

This paper analyzes the impact of the 2007 recession on the incarceration of African--Americans. It begins with a brief examination of incarceration, followed by a look at the literature on the relationship between work, crime, and incarceration. Finally, it concludes with the implications of these findings for African-Americans as it relates to the current economic crisis. Keywords Recession * Incarceration * Employment * African--Americans * Labor market * Unemployment * Low-skilled DOI 10.1007/s12114-010-9079-6

GROWTH MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS--and particularly their infrastructure components--are based on assumptions about future growth. Capital improvement programming in turn is based on these growth assumptions which, once refined, provide estimates of [...]

Airframe manufacturers are exploring new technologies and advanced manufacturing practices to maintain long-term capabilities. Boeing and Airbus are coping with low volume levels resulting from the global economic recession by outsourcing airframe component production to other facilities, such as Italy's Alenia and the U.K.'s GKN.

INTRODUCTION While policymakers struggle with identifying and enacting the appropriate short-term policy response to the financial crisis and economic downturn of 2008, 2009, and perhaps beyond (henceforth "the crisis"), both [...], While policymakers struggle with identifying and enacting the appropriate short-term policy response to the financial crisis and economic downturn of 2008, 2009, and perhaps beyond, both academics and policymakers are examining the causes of the crisis and what lessons this might bring to bear on longer-term policy. In this paper, I offer some speculations about the lessons for tax policy, and the analysis of tax policy, from the Great Recession. What did we get wrong? What did we underestimate the importance of? What do we need to think more about? One conclusion is that public finance economists need to better integrate the economic analysis of taxation with the concerns and expertise of macroeconomists, finance economists, and accountants. This is especially important for obtaining a better understanding of financial institutions, whose behavior is affected by the tax, accounting, and regulatory rules they face, rules that are inter-related but not coordinated.

A fictitious labor relations scenario is presented, with contributors providing advice regarding how to manage discontented employees during a recession. Advice ranges from adopting a profit-sharing model to partnering with labor unions to changing union structure.

Emerging markets are focusing on domestic growth instead of exports. Developed nations can successfully enter these markets through teaming with local companies and fostering sound risk assessment in corporate leadership.

The article identifies four trends accelerated by the 2008 global economic crisis. These are economizing, ethical corporate governance, desire for simplicity, and mercurial consumption.

ABSTRACT The 2001 recession had a major effect on Georgia's fiscal condition. We explore how economic conditions affected state and local financing of K- 12 education in Georgia. We find [...]

Alice Waters, founder of Chez Panisse, discusses how holding to her principles regarding quality and sustainability are enabling the restaurant to survive during the economic recession.

This study analyses the development of the economic wellbeing of Swedes aged 65 years and older from 1990. This period was characterised by Sweden's deepest and most prolonged recession since the Great Depression, but was then followed by buoyant growth. In a series of interventions from 1991 through to 1998, pensions were cut and their full price indexation abandoned. In spite of these dramatic measures, this study shows that pensioners fared better than the working-age population, but also that poverty among older Swedes increased in absolute terms. During the following years of rapid economic growth, in contrast, the growth in pensioners' income fell behind that of workers and their relative poverty increased. The analysis shows that the limited resources of many older Swedes put them close to a social poverty line. The study also shows that income in_ equality among older Swedes has grown with the increasing importance of capital income for the better off. We conclude that the increasing gap between better-off and worse-off older people raises issues about the future provision of expenditures on public services for them. The paper concludes that, overall, poverty among older people in Sweden remains low by international standards and that the Swedish welfare state has maintained its resilience. KEY WORDS--Sweden, welfare, pensions, income, poverty, income inequality, social security, old age.

The article emphasizes the importance of assisting employees and core customers when a business operation is being shuttered. The result is stronger loyalty among customers and remaining employees.

The article emphasizes the importance of strategic management of working capital. Six common mistakes are identified, and how correcting them can release needed cash.

A set of seven steps is presented for best-practice employee recruitment during a recession. Among these steps are appropriate anticipation of the need for new hires, and evaluating the effectiveness of the hiring process.

Recessions appear to be times when the marginal rate of substitution between goods and workers' time falls below the marginal product of labor. If so, the allocation of workers' time is inefficient. I develop a model of households and production that reconciles cyclical movements in the marginal value of time and the marginal product. The model embodies the findings of research that the d elasticity of labor supply is less than one. It treats unemployment in a search-and-matching setup. Recessions do not result in private inefficiency in the allocation of labor, but the unemployment rate may be socially inefficiently high.

Recommendations include focusing on customers who do not currently demonstrate loyalty to any specific brand or firm, reducing costs for benefits that customers are unwilling to pay for, and clustering stores around customer similarities and differences.

Recommendations include categorizing customers based on their individual recession psychology, whether carefree to fearful, and how they classify their purchases, from expendables to essentials.

The article focuses on three methods of cost innovation to increase corporate effectiveness. These are selling innovative technologies at market prices, providing customization and/or a wide choice of products, and expanding niches into mass markets.

The authors recommend adopting a provocative point of view regarding a crucial issue and lodging that point of view with an appropriate high-level decision maker. The article also differentiates between solution selling and provocation-based selling.

The economic recession has adversely affected recipients of public sector services in the United Kingdom. More people are asking for emotional support in view of the economic crisis. Low-income families had to forgo with family outings and children socialization.

London School of Economics' Tony Travers thinks that outsourcing will increasingly become a viable option for the public sector due to the recession. However the recession has also affected private sector suppliers. The challenges and opportunities posted by the economic climate for public sector organizations are analyzed.

Strategies are presented for enhancing one's job security. These include being a team player, empathizing with management, preserving optimism, and concentrating on the customer.

The reasons behind some firms viewing a recession as an opportunity to develop an aggressive marketing response and the effects to such a marketing response on the performance of the firm are analyzed. The results suggest that not all firms respond in a proactive manner during recession, but those firms with a strategic emphasis on marketing already have programs in place that would enable them to derive benefits from a proactive marketing response during the recession.

The Asian recession saw an increase in the volume of mainly manufactured Asian exports. Other things equal, this would have disadvantaged the labour intensive end of northern (mainly USA and EU) manufacturing and hence the northern manufacturing workforce. Central to the crisis, however, was a redirection of investment away from Asia to the north, raising northern aggregate demand and hence employment in northern services. This paper examines the magnitudes of these two effects in a broader analysis of the real impacts of the Asian recession that is grounded in a global general equilibrium framework. Northern workers are found to be net beneficiaries in both the short and medium run.

The study evaluates the changes in socio-economic equity in the use of general hospital care in Finland from the late 1980s to the mid 1990s. In the early 1990s the Finnish economy plunged into a deep recession which slashed over 10% of GDP and resulted in a 12% decrease in national health expenditure. At the same time, the administration and financing of specialised health services were reformed. The impact on general hospital care was controversial: budgets were reduced but better productivity increased the supply of many services. According to the study, data, based on individual linkage of nationwide hospital registers to disposable family income data in population censuses, overall acute general hospital admission rates among Finns aged 25-74 increased by over 10% from 1988 to 1996. For some surgical procedures, such as cataract, coronary revascularisation and some orthopaedic operations, rates more than doubled. In both years, lower-income groups generally used hospital care more than the better-off. However, there was a slight shift towards a pro-rich distribution, mainly due to a larger increase in surgical care among the high-income groups. In 1988 the lowest income quintile used 8% and in 1996 15% fewer operations than the highest. For individual procedures and surgical diagnostic categories, the general trends of increasing disparities were similar. Despite cuts in expenditures in the early 1990s, the Finnish general hospital system based on public funding and provision managed to increase the supply of services. However, this increase coincided with widening socio-economic discrepancies in the use of surgical services. The paper proposes that these increasing inequities were due to certain features of the Finnish health care system which create social discrepancies in access to hospital care. These include the high profile of the private sector in specialised ambulatory care and in the supply of some elective procedures, and semi-private public hospital services requiring supplementary payments from patients. Keywords: Economic recession; Hospital care; Surgical procedures; Socio-economic equity; Income groups; Finland