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The present automotive vehicles have almost 75 percentage of electronics part for many applications such as air bag system, door opening system, door lock systems. The proposed system focuses on measuring various physical system’s sensor readings and predicting other subsystem function by calibration. If any hardware system gets futile in the vehicle or if any dangerous gas is released or if engine temperature becomes high by load current, the fault can be identified. The sensor readings are uninterruptedly transmitted to the dash board part via the engine part core. In dash board, comparison of the threshold is done to identify sensor failures. The trouble shooting information to the user is displayed in the dash board. This proposed work will sustain a vehicle system to be in good working condition to overcome accidents.

Fluorescence imaging in the second infrared windows (1000–1700 nm) has emerged as a promising approach to tumor diagnostic. However, the currently available NIR-II imaging agents are based on “alwa...

Space missions have become diversified in recent years, where connection and separation devices play a crucial role as key components of various spacecraft. Traditional pyrotechnic devices have the advantages of large carrying capacity, rapid motion and functional reliability. However, their shortcomings such as great release shock, poor safety, unrepeatability and other prominent defects make them unsuitable for new generation spacecraft such as microsatellites to separate at low shock or lock repeatedly, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop space non-pyrotechnic low-shock connection and separation devices (SNLD) which are required for advanced aerospace missions. In this paper, the progress of the research on space non-pyrotechnic low-shock connection and separation technology (SNLT) is summarized and reviewed. Proceed from the principle of reducing shock for non-pyrotechnic devices, present studies are classified from the perspective of actuating technology and systematic designing methods. For non-pyrotechnic actuating techniques, according to different driving sources, the separation devices are classified into several main categories: electric, magnetic, gas and thermal actuating devices. The actuation principle and application prospect of separation techniques are introduced and the working process, dimension and mechanical properties of typical devices are compared and evaluated. For the systematic designing method, the common mechanism types of SNLDs are summarized according to the designing concept of reducing shock. Then connection configurations are classified according to the structural forms of connection devices, of which the principles, bearing capacities and general applications are discussed. This paper systematically summarizes the key problems, puts forward the future development trend of SNLT, and points out the breakthrough direction for related scholars.

This work enables mobile user authentication via finger inputs on ubiquitous surfaces leveraging low-cost physical vibration. The system we proposed extends finger-input authentication beyond touch screens to any solid surface for IoT devices (e.g., smart access systems and IoT appliances). Unlike passcode or biometrics-based solutions, it integrates passcode, behavioral and physiological characteristics, and surface dependency together to provide a low-cost, tangible and enhanced security solution. The proposed system builds upon a touch sensing technique with vibration signals that can operate on surfaces constructed from a broad range of materials. New algorithms are developed to discriminate fine-grained finger inputs and supports three independent passcode secrets including PIN number, lock pattern, and simple gestures by extracting unique features in the frequency domain to capture both behavioral and physiological characteristics including contacting area, touching force, and etc. The system is implemented using a single pair of low-cost portable vibration motor and receiver that can be easily attached to any surface (e.g., a door panel, a stovetop or an appliance). Extensive experiments demonstrate that our system can authenticate users with high accuracy (e.g., over 97% within two trials), low false positive rate (e.g., less 2%) and is robust to various types of attacks.

The pervasive deployment of cloud services poses an ever-increasing demand for cross-client deduplication solutions to save network bandwidth, lower storage costs, and improve backup speeds. However, existing solutions typically depend on lock based approaches relying on a centralized chunk database, which tends to hinder performance scalability. In this work, we present a new cross-client cloud backup solution, named Duplicacy, based on a Lock-Free Deduplication approach. Lock-Free Deduplication stores chunks to network or cloud storage using content hashes as file names. It then adopts a two-step fossil deletion algorithm to solve the hard problem of deleting unreferenced chunks in the presence of concurrent backups, without the need for any locks. Experiments demonstrate that Duplicacy enables significant performance improvement for backups over previous well-known backup tools. In addition, Duplicacy can work with many general-purpose network or cloud storage services which only support a basic set of file operations, and turn them into sophisticated deduplication-aware storage servers without server-side changes.

The design and manufacturing steps of a chip typically involve several parties. For example, a chip may comprise several third-party Intellectual Property (IP) cores and the Integrated Circuit (IC) fabrication may be outsourced to a third-party foundry. IP cores and ICs are shared with potentially untrusted third parties and, as a result, are subject to piracy attacks. Even more, any legally purchased chip may be reverse-engineered to retrieve the design down to transistor-level and, thereby, it is also subject to piracy attacks. In this paper, we propose MixLock, an anti-piracy countermeasure for mixed-signal IP cores and ICs. MixLock protection is based on inserting a lock mechanism into the design such that correct functionality is established only after applying a key which is the designer’s secret. The lock mechanism acts on the mixed-signal performances by leveraging logic locking of the digital part. MixLock presents several key attributes. It is generally applicable, it is non-intrusive to the sensitive analog section, it incurs no performance penalty and has very low area and power overheads, it is fully automated, and it is capable of co-optimizing security in both the analog and digital domains. We demonstrate MixLock on a Σ Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) using hardware measurements and an audio demonstrator.

Sidestay lock mechanism is an important part of landing gear system, and the locking performance can be analyzed based on changes in its stability. However, during numerical continuation analysis of fully-rigid dual-sidestay landing gear without clearance, it has been found that the appearance of bifurcation points does not necessarily imply that both sidestay links can be locked synchronously. This problem reveals the limitations of fully-rigid model with ideally-articulated in solving dual-sidestay mechanisms with extremely high motion sensitivity. Therefore, this study proposes a bifurcation analysis method for synchronous locking of dual-sidestay landing gears, which takes into consideration the joint clearance. For in-depth analysis of this problem, we initially build kinematic and mechanical models of a landing gear mechanism that consider joint clearance. Then, the models are solved based on continuation. The fundamental causes of synchronous locking are discussed in detail, and the number of bifurcation points is found to be closely related to whether the landing gear is completely locked. Finally, the effects of structural parameters on the synchronous locking are analyzed, and the feasible region of parameters satisfying synchronous locking condition is given, which agrees well with the test results.

A write transaction intending to access data already accessed by the group of transactions in read mode may starve. The situation may even become worse with the simultaneous occurrence of the priority inversion if the priority level of the requesting write transaction is higher than that of the highest priority lock holding read transaction from the group of transactions currently holding the conflicting data in read mode. A Reads-write Avoid starvation and Priority Inversion period Declined (RAPID) commit protocol has been proposed that efficiently resolves the above problem by declining the priority inversion duration optimistically through lessening the number of reader transactions either requested or currently holding the conflicting data item in read mode by aborting some of them (if possible). The simulation results show that the RAPID outperforms 2PC and PIC protocol.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the division of household labour could continue to lock down or start to break gender roles. Using time-use data of n = 473 individuals collected during the lockdown restrictions in Belgium from March to May 2020, we analyse the gendered division of routine and non-routine household labour in absolute time use and relative shares. We compare against the Belgian time-use data of 2013 for the same time period ( n = 678 individuals). A time-demanding work and living situation associate with an increase in men’s time spent on household labour during the lockdown but not with a change in women’s time use. The gender gap closes in absolute time but not in relative shares of routine and non-routine household labour. The limited impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the gender division of household labour indicates a temporal rather than a substantial change in gender roles.

Problem definition: We study a two-stage supply chain, where the supplier procures a key component to manufacture a product and the buyer orders from the supplier to meet a price-sensitive demand. As the input price is volatile, the two parties enter into either a standard contract, where the buyer orders just before the supplier starts production, or a time-flexible contract, where the buyer can lock a wholesale price in advance. Moreover, we consider three selling-price schemes: Market Driven, Cost Plus, and Profit Max. Academic/practical relevance: This problem is motivated by real practices in the cloud industry. Our model and optimization approach can address similar problems in other industries as well. Methodology: We assume that the input price follows a geometric Brownian motion. To determine the optimal ordering time, we propose an optimization approach that is different from the classic approach by Dixit et al. ( 1994 ) and Li and Kouvelis ( 1999 ). Our approach leads to deeper analytical results and more transparent ordering policy. Through a numerical experimentation, we compare profitability of different parties under different contracts, pricing schemes, and market conditions. Results: The buyer’s ordering policy is determined by a threshold policy based on the current time and input price; the optimal threshold depends on not only the drift and volatility of the input price but also, their relative magnitude. The supplier’s optimal procurement time should be determined by analyzing a trade-off between the holding cost of storing the components and the future input-price movement. Managerial implications: Under the Profit-Max and the Cost-Plus pricing schemes, the time-flexible contract is a Pareto improvement compared with the standard contract, whereas under the Market-Driven pricing scheme, the supplier may be better off under the standard contract. Moreover, although the most favorable scenario for the buyer is under the Profit-Max pricing scheme, the most favorable scenario for the supplier oftentimes is under the Cost-Plus pricing scheme. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights into impacts of various characteristics of the component market, such as the trend and volatility of the input price, on the expected profit of the supply chain and its split between the two parties.

In this paper, we propose transaction scheduling for web service database transactions. Our solution ensures consistency while preserving efficiency. We propose a prediction-based metric that promotes transactions with reliable reputations based on the transactions performance metrics. Performance metrics are based on the transactions likelihood to commit and their execution time. We propose a customized lock management solution to guarantee execution consistency in concurrent web service environments. We formally prove that our solution guarantees consistent execution history of concurrent web transactions and increases concurrency and performance over traditional locking methods. We developed a simulation using a multi-threaded approach. We generated sample workloads of simulated concurrent transactions over seven tests. Our results show that the solution works comparatively with traditional locking and no-locking solutions with the added benefit of ensured consistency in some cases and deadlock avoidance in others.

Alveolar ridge absorbs rapidly following tooth extraction. To promote implant rehabilitation, an adequate bone and soft tissue volume are required. Three-dimensional (3D) cell printing technique provides the advantages of precise spatial distribution and personalization. In this study, 3D cell printing was used to establish a soft-hard construct that is composed of alginate/gelatin (AG)/gingival fibroblast cells (GFs) and alginate/gelatin/nano-hydroxyapatite (AGH)/bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Physicochemical results showed that nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) added in the bioink maintained its crystalline phase. In addition, an increase of viscosity, the improvement of compressive modulus (

The danger of vapour lock, generation of vapor bubbles inside the aircraft fuel system, needs a well-documented understanding to establish safe operating confines at existing fuel temperature and pressures. The aim of the research is specifically to make contributions in the direction of the present scientific studies of UL aviation gasoline initiatives in piston aircrafts, globally specifically aiming on the vapor locking tendencies of aviation fuels, motor fuels and the blends and comparing the results both experimentally and statistically. Chemical and physical properties of the fuels were tested and categorised based on hydrocarbon types and properties. Study considered nine variables for vapor lock. Twenty-three aviation fuels from various literatures were collected, model equations derived, and respective comprehensive factor scores were calculated. The model was applied to the 14 fuels in this study and their respective comprehensive factor scores were calculated and ranked from the best to worst. The temperature of the gasoline as it approaches the carburettor was experimentally derived for comparative analysis with the comprehensive factor scores. Results showed that Kaiser’s Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) measure of sampling adequacy value is 0.728. Four common factors and their cumulative variance proportion of rotation sums of squared loadings has reached 95.530%. Based on the loadings of the rotated components, PC1 has strong significant correlation with VL index of value 0.917. Among the aviation rated fuels, for vapor lock tendency UL 82, UL 87, SWIFT UL 102, SWIFT Binary Blend and 100 SF have the highest factor score. Fuels AVGAS 100LL (D910), AVF1, AVF2, AVF4, AVGAS, Leaded 91/98, and UL 94 exhibited very poor vapor lock tendencies. RON 98 exhibited the best VL protection among all the tested fuels in this study with ccomprehensive factor scores of 0.126166 and the best experimental temperature of the gasoline as it approaches the carburettor was also exhibited by RON 98. The findings showed that RON 98 able to outperform the commercial AVGAS in terms of vapor locking characteristics.

At present, container handling facilities are huge in size, low in automation, and complicated to operate, which are not suitable for applications in the limited spaces. Inspired by humans’ flexible collaboration when carrying a heavy and large object, in this article we devise a novel dual-forklift collaborative mechanism to address this problem. Specifically, we design a turn lock and hydraulic lifting structure to enable a rigid connection between each forklift and the target container, deploy a four-wheel steering structure in each forklift for omnidirectional motion, and construct a novel vision system by leveraging both RGB camera and time-of-flight depth camera. Furthermore, to provide visual feedback to the controller such that the dual forklift can connect, lift, and handle the container successfully, we devise a coarse-to-fine container detection and corner junction location model. Experiments demonstrate that our model outperforms representative models in terms of both precision and efficiency. Besides, the designed dual-forklift system can accomplish the handling tasks at narrow spaces, confirming its practical value in industrial applications.

High dynamic conditions impose critical challenges on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, leading to large tracking errors or even loss of tracking. Current methods that intend to improve receivers’ adaptability for high dynamics require either complicated structures or prior statistical information of noises. This paper proposes a high dynamics algorithm based on steepest ascent method that can circumvent the deficiencies of existing methods. First, the relationship between the error of carrier tracking and the maximum of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) outputs is established, and a performance function based on the steepest ascent method is designed. It can keep stable in high dynamics. Second, a new carrier-tracking loop is constructed by deploying the performance function. When the variation of GPS receiver acceleration ranges from 10 g to 100 g, compared with the PLL that either loses lock or keeps tracking accuracy less than 33.89 Hz, the experimental results show that the proposed method can not only keep tracking, but also achieve tracking accuracy more than 2.77 Hz.

Background: Bandha and Mudras are found in ancient Indian literature to stimulate internal energy. The simplest know a few things approximately our subtle body, our soul. The act of bandhas stimulates the prana and chakras. Madra is a technique to stimulate the nervous system and glands to minimize the dysfunction of the mind and the mysterious powers of man; kundalini (the inner core energy) can rise to carry our consciousness to the cosmic sense. Purpose of the Study: To know our internal environment and the possible ways to control the internal vital energy. Through bandhas and practicing mudras one can able to get disease-free optimal health. The present article critically discussed the various aspects of bandhas and mudras and their benefit on human health and disease. Findings: Yogic practices help to better the functioning of the thyroid, pancreas, and comparable different important glandular systems to your body. Jalandhara bandha, for example, balances the thyroid gland and thereby benefitting digestion, increase, and weight management issues. Focusing and mental integration allows many hidden and unused cycles of the brain to reach our consciousness. Various psychological problems as for example, unconscious neurosis and complex repetitive actions lose their ability to affect our lives. Madras is a practical and simultaneous way to change your life. Conclusion: Traditionally, bandhas are classified as a part of the mudras, and are given orally from guru to student. Hatha Yoga Pradipika works with bandhas and mudras together. Bandha is heavily embedded in the mudra techniques and pranayama.

In this letter, fingerprinting-based cooperative localization for millimeter-wave (mmWave) cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is investigated. For the purpose of robust localization in line-of-sight (LOS) or non-LOS (NLOS) environments, a dynamic two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint training scheme employing maximum likelihood (ML) estimation and information entropy theory is proposed. This scheme regularly extracts link state matrix and confidence factor-aided AOA vectors from uplink channels. Then, a dynamic AP select scheme along with an anchor node (AN) filtering scheme is used to rapidly lock the range of the user location. Based on this, a weighted mean square error (WMSE)-based AOA fingerprinting scheme is developed to estimate the user location. Numerical results are provided to validate the localization accuracy of the proposed scheme.

This manuscript describes a mathematical epidemiological model of COVID-19 to investigate the dynamics of this pandemic disease and we have fitted this model to the current COVID-19 cases in Italy. We have obtained the basic reproduction number which plays a crucial role on the stability of disease free equilibrium point. Backward bifurcation with respect to the cure rate of treatment occurs conditionally. It is clear from the sensitivity analysis that the developments of self immunities with proper maintaining of social distancing of the exposed and asymptomatic individuals play key role for controlling the disease. We have validated the model by considering the COVID-19 cases of Italy and the future situations of epidemicity in Italy have been predicted from the model. We have estimated the basic reproduction number for the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy and effective reproduction number has also been studied. Finally, an optimal control model has been formulated and solved to realize the positive impacts of adapting lock down by many countries for maintaining social distancing.

We feel the world through our senses, but we interact with it through our limbs. Over time, we forget the complexity of our surroundings, and we take our movements as obvious and simple actions. However, did you ever imagine that touching the hand of someone you love, grabbing a cup of water when you are thirsty, closing your jacket, and even simply being able to open your door lock by yourself are luxuries?

Abstract - Various threats that occur in the field are a problem for individuals who are faced with human rights law where personnel must make decisions quickly and accurately, the innovation of the Bola wrap weapon can paralyze the enemy without injuring the enemy by firing Kevlar ropes to bind the enemy unable to move optimally. The researcher used the experimental method to get the results that confirm the causal relationship between the variables designed, research and develop a basic circuit by determining the effective firing range of the Bola wrap, we use the Sharp Gp2y0a710k0f sensor as an effective sensor measuring distance with a maximum range of 550 cm, the distance detected by the Sharp Gp2y0a710k0f sensor. will be processed by Arduino nano as a programming controller whose output will be displayed on the Oled LCD according to the Sharp Gp2y0a710k0f sensor in the form of a light emitting diode (LED) as an indicator, the solenoid will open the trigger with an effective firing range, and laser as a point shot. From the target, the Bola wrap weapon uses 9mm caliber munitions as a Kevlar rope projectile amplifier to bind enemies or rebels, from the results of the research it can open a predetermined lock between a range of 200 cm - 500 cm which is displayed on the Oled LCD, and the green indicator light and the Solenoid are open. The trigger will help optimally in shooting Bola wrap to paralyze enemies or rebels from moving optimally, Bola wrap weapons are used as personnel equipment in carrying out the main tasks of achieving TNI tasks effectively and optimally.

The system of opening and closing the hotel room doors is already using RFID but its use is still not optimal because the card used is very expensive and the card used can only be one card for each room, so if the card is lost, you have to re-enter the card id. Therefore, digital electronic technology systems and devices are needed to make it easier to open the door and close the hotel room so that it can facilitate the hotel security system with automatic locks. This system and device uses an E-KTP and an Internet of Thing (IoT)-based Keypad and which functions to control the device using a NodeMCU while for a card reader with an RFID engine. The research method uses a model, namely with a prototype model for making systems and automatic room door locking system tools. The results and conclusions of the manufacture of hotel room automatic door locking systems and devices using an Internet of Thing (IoT)-based E-KTP equipped with a message LCD and keypad as a door opening solution if the RFID machine does not work. The security of hotel guests who stay is more guaranteed and can also make it easier for guests and hotel staff with an automatic hotel room door lock system. The results of the user's assessment of the work of a series of systems and tools to open and lock this automatic hotel room door are very good with a value of 88.7%.

The last decade has sparked several valiant efforts in deductive verification of distributed agreement protocols such as consensus and leader election. Oddly, there have been far fewer verification efforts that go beyond the core protocols and target applications that are built on top of agreement protocols. This is unfortunate, as agreement-based distributed services such as data stores, locks, and ledgers are ubiquitous and potentially permit modular, scalable verification approaches that mimic their modular design. We address this need for verification of distributed agreement-based systems through our novel modeling and verification framework, QuickSilver, that is not only modular, but also fully automated. The key enabling feature of QuickSilver is our encoding of abstractions of verified agreement protocols that facilitates modular, decidable, and scalable automated verification. We demonstrate the potential of QuickSilver by modeling and efficiently verifying a series of tricky case studies, adapted from real-world applications, such as a data store, a lock service, a surveillance system, a pathfinding algorithm for mobile robots, and more.

Work life balance has been a global issue for decades. Literature has revealed that the women have been constantly with it and which is a reality too, having so many reasons and consequences behind it but during this pandemic covid-19 lockdown which compelled everyone to work from home it became a challenge for women as well as for men to make a balance between work and life. As simple as if you are doing work sitting at home so there will be some expectations and duties which are the demand of this time only due to the pandemic specially when no one can go out. Some little eyes will be looking for your concern, some elderly hands will be raising for your help irrespective of you are a male or a female along with it to focus on work has become a big challenge during this time of uncertainty when the question of job security and job stability automatically stands in front of you in such an unimaginable situation which was never ever thought. Then what would be the response and strategy to make a balance between work and life? To know about it a study was conducted which was not merely for women as well as for men to. For the study, an online survey was conducted with the help of structured questionnaire. As it was impossible to go for door to door survey during this lock down. For this purpose 55 male and females were selected randomly as respondents. Keywords: India, Work life balance, COVID­19 lockdown, Job security

Nowadays, the autonomous vehicle has undergone an impressive development, in which one of the most challenging tasks is to pursue high-precision and continuous navigation in complex scenarios. However, GNSS signals are very likely to be blocked and the inertial system suffers from error drift over time. To achieve centimeter-level positioning accuracy, a tightly-coupled model is built via fusing visual, GNSS, and INS measurements, based on a priori visual feature map. The visual map is first generated by a visual mobile surveying system, and the quality of the map is improved by outlier elimination and road lane tracking. This visual feature map consists of two layers that involve 3D coordinates of robust visual features and road lane markings, then two GNSS/INS/Vision fusion models are developed. The first one fuses visual 2D-3D feature matching, GNSS, and INS measurement. The proposed system is effective even when satellites are all out of lock. The second one fuses lane line constraints with GNSS, INS, and distance measurement indicator (DMI). In the experiment part, we show how a visual feature map is generated and refined, then, the performance of the positioning algorithm is evaluated. For the first fusion model, we achieve 10 cm RMS accuracy when only one feature point was matched and all GNSS signals are blocked for 20 minutes. For the other fusion model, the system maintained 10 cm RMS accuracy or even better when a few GNSS satellites are out of lock for 300 seconds.

Phase noise, lock range, lock time, and power consumption are becoming the dominant performance parameters in a charge pump phase locked loop (CP-PLL) especially at high frequencies. Though the PLL is having several blocks, the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is the most impactful block considering the above parameters. Hence, it has been a call for better designing using the MOSFETs of a VCO circuit for an efficient PLL for several decades. In this work a VCO circuit is designed which uses the sleepy stack transistors to reduce the leakage current and later the new VCO is incorporated the PLL. With a wide lock range, this novel PLL architecture promises to offer better phase noise lock time and power consumption. This is possible due to the low leakage current that is produced by the stack transistors in the VCO. To support the above claims, the PLL using current starved stack VCO is designed and simulated in 90 nm CMOS technology. The simulation results shows that the VCO exhibits a phase noise of −78.28 dBc/Hz @1 MHz offset frequency while the PLL incorporating the same VCO has a lock range of 1.3GHz–1.5GHz. The power dissipation of the PLL is 46.05 μW, and the figure of merit (FOM) of the PLL is calculated to be −91.75 dBc/Hz.

The user can utilise the voice acknowledgement in making it more straightforward for individuals with inabilities to get to entryway frameworks and give better security to lives and properties. In this paper, the advancement of the technology is used for opening any locking system. We are implementing this type of module where it can be of low cost, and even physically disabled persons can open the door without any assistance. The Blynk app and a Wi-Fi module can access the system by giving the input and output as a voice recognition speech command. Hence, in this paper, any person can just use google assistant from their smartphone to lock or unlock a secure system with just two controls, i.e., "Ok Google Lock Door one", "Ok Google Unlock Door one". This Project works seamlessly for three locks in one system that can be operated separately using only one main microcontroller, i.e., Node-MCU ESP8266, and relays drivers so that our Project can be quickly developed and deployed. The applications of this Project is endless as technology constantly evolves. Suppose the user is connected with the internet and operated using Google Assistant. In that case, the lock is operated only from one account, making it secure and available to all who use smartphones and have a google account. Even for people who are blind, this can be an excellent way to lock and unlock their resources just with their voice. Anyone can utilise this Project from their convenience, making it the easiest way for anyone to lock/unlock just by two words, i.e., "Ok Google Lock Door."

This paper proposes a bottleneck model for managing the ship lock congestion in an inland waterway caused by the uneven temporal distribution of ship traffic demand. Due to safety checks and regular maintenance, the lock only works within a specified time window during a day. A bottleneck model with a service time window is presented to describe the dynamic scheduling process of the ships passing through the lock. The properties of the proposed model are investigated. To alleviate ships' delays at the lock area, two congestion tolling schemes (i.e., first-best and second-best) and a novel administrative scheme of moving the service time window (MST) are explored together with a combined scheme of tolling and MST. The results show that the ship's preferred departure time and the value of time for schedule delay matter in the choice of the counter-measures against ship traffic congestion. MST alone can be an effective substitute for the tolling schemes in most cases and it even outperforms the first-best tolling under certain conditions. This finding is appealing given the academic debate and public controversy raised by congestion tolling. Besides, combining MST with either tolling scheme can always yield higher efficiency. However, the benefits of MST can be marginal or even zero when the difference between the ship's preferred departure time and lock's initial service start time is around a certain value. In such cases, the authority should be cautious about combining any tolling scheme with MST since the implementation costs might outweigh the additional benefits brought by MST.

In a previous paper citepkim2019revealing, an analytical framework based on the constraint satisfaction problems was proposed to reveal the characteristics of households using event logs from smart door lock systems. This work provides a more rigorous justification for the previous approach. This paper proposes a novel parameter estimation method called the maximum feasibility estimation (MFE). The MFE does not rely on any assumption about the parametric family of probability densities from which a random observation is drawn. Instead, we assume that constraints are imposed on observations and that some of the constraints are a function of a parameter of interest. The proposed estimator maximizes the feasible region, a set of all possible observations that satisfy those constraints. The method proposed is validated using synthetic data as well as real streaming event log data.

New-generation chemosensors desire small organic molecules that are easy to synthesise and cost-effective. As a new interdisciplinary area of research, the integration of these chemosensors into keypad locks or other advanced communication protocols is becoming increasingly popular. Our lab has developed new chemosensor probes that contain 2-nitro- (1–3) and 4-fluoro-cinnamaldehyde (4–6) and applied them to the anion recognition and sensing process. Probes 1–6 are colorimetric sensors for naked-eye detection of AcO−/CN−/F−, while probes 4–6 could differentiate between F− and AcO−/CN− anions in acetonitrile. Using the density functional theory (DFT), it was found that probes 1–6 acted as effective chemosensors. By using Probe 5 as a chemosensor, we explored colorimetric recognition of multiple anions in more detail. Probe 5 was tested in combination with a combinatorial approach to demonstrate pattern-generation capability and its ability to distinguish among chemical inputs based on concentration. After pattern discrimination using principal component analysis (PCA), we examined anion selectivity using DFT computation. In our study, probe 5 demonstrates excellent performance as a chemosensor and shows promise as a future molecular-level keypad lock system.

The excavator carrier is a device for moving the excavator. There are many operational benefits in using this carrier to transport excavators safely, easily, and efficiently. An earlier model of this carrier is manufactured and in tests showed that the design needs to be improved. In this paper, a finite element method is used to model and analyze this carrier and optimize the design for better performance. The static and dynamic analysis is done to optimizing carrier design for removing the defect that identified in practical test. The goal of optimization is to increase the carrier's life, increase the safety of transportation, decrease the cost, and finally, commercialize the product. The results show that the carrier's weight is decreased by up to 30%. Also, a holder and lock system in the back of the carrier is designed for increasing the transportation safety and the stiffness of the carrier chassis. The effect of increasing a suspension system is studied, the idea is using leaf spring. The numerical results show that using the suspension system increases the carrier's life by up to 30% while adding a suspension system increases manufacturing costs by up to 10%.

This paper considers pollution sensitive economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model for items under several styles of managerial leadership via lock fuzzy game theoretic approach. The decision-maker (DM) controls several cost components by playing as Player 1 in one side and the consumers who may accept/reject those items (unwilling to buy those commodities) stand as Player 2 in the other side. At first, we develop a new pollution function through modeling, then we study a real case study in a brick factory. Based on this case study, we formulate a cost minimization EOQ model where the environmental pollution is incorporated. Because of the fuzzy flexibility of the model parameters, we also develop a fuzzy mathematical model by considering the demand and all cost parameters of the inventory system as triangular lock fuzzy numbers. Then, we develop a game problem by applying 5-stage leadership style employing several key vectors into the model itself. Also, we reformulate the proposed model into bi-objective game model with different strategies and solve it by an existing methodology. The problem has been solved for crisp, general fuzzy, bi-objective strategic fuzzy, and models of several leadership styles also. Numerical results show that for cooperative game, inventory cost function reaches its minimum rather than the non-cooperative game with the use of proper keys of the fuzzy locks. A comparative study between proposed method and existing method has been done for showing the superiority of the proposed methodology. Finally, in the sensitivity analysis, graphical illustrations are made to justify the new approach and a conclusive remark has been added followed by scope of future work of the proposed study.

In this paper a Door lock system using RFID and IOT Technologies. Using smart phone with Blynk App the Admin or owner can remotely monitor, control (ON & OFF the access) and can get Blynk notifications from the door lock when someone try to access it or if any suspicious activity happens (someone try to break the it). The registered User will receive Gmail’s when he tries to unlock the door. Other features are the admin or owner can remotely unlock and lock the door from any place, and he can disable the switch which is used for getting out from the room, for blocking the unknown persons who went with theft RFID card, it is done by seeing the notifications send to the user when door is unlocked with his card through Admin. For authorized person the lock will be opened and closed automatically after a predetermined delay. If it is an unauthorized person tries it alerts the admin and neighbors through a Blynk notification and buzzer sound. Thus, once implemented, the system will prove An Effective security with minimum cost and increase in comfort for system users and also more efficient compared to existing cost ineffective systems.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries across the globe has enforced lockdown restrictions that influence the people's socio-economic lifecycle. The objective of this paper is to predict the communal emotion of people from different locations during the COVID-19 lockdown. The proposed work aims in developing a deep spatio-temporal analysis framework of geo-tagged tweets to predict the emotions of different topics based on location. An optimized Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) approach is presented for finding the optimal hyper-parameters using grid search. A multi-class emotion classification model is then built via a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to predict emotions for each topic based on locations. The proposed work is experimented with the twitter streaming API dataset. The experimental results prove that the presented LDA model-using grid search along with the RNN model for emotion classification outperforms the other state of art methods with an improved accuracy of 94.6%. © 2021 - IOS Press. All rights reserved.

In the prevention of violent extremism (PVE), various so-called soft interventions have been introduced, suggesting that teachers, social workers, and youth workers play key roles in detecting and ...

Among the properties of Pope's phantasmagoric Cave of Spleen are several metamorphosed specimens of those suffering from what Pope’s contemporaries called “the vapours.”1 By this term they referred...

Optical combination lock is a combination of mechanical combination lock and MEMS technology, which can effectively reduce the size of the combination lock. The mechanism of MEMS optical combinatio...

Have you ever tried to retrieve that forgotten key code for your suitcase? After one year without traveling, many of us found themselves having forgotten the combination and manually trying all permutations. The same situation, but more complex, would be to systematically try identifying that forgotten access code for an online app that you had not used for a while. Cyberattackers are doing exactly this, of course, at high speed and with increasing computing performance. The recommended security key length is thus getting longer by the year. Yet, the stepwise process to achieve this is tedious or consumes lots of computing power. Now imagine that all of these possible states could be tried in a single step. This would be good for your own number lock, but frightening for our security infrastructure.

Initial public offering (IPO) lock-up is a bonding mechanism that restricts pre-IPO shareholders and insiders from selling a specific percentage of the shares over a stipulated period after the IPO. IPO lock-up has enormous implications in the real business world, and research on IPO lock-up is extremely broad. We synthesize the theories and findings in the IPO lock-up literature. Based on a rigorous reiterative systematic review, our study sub-divides lock-up literature into five major themes. First, we discuss three types of lock-up settings across the globe and the changing role of the decision-makers in varying settings. Second, we discuss the motives served through IPO lock-up, including signaling solution, firm commitment, and earnings forecast credibility. Third, we synthesize the literature on change in the market microstructure concerning the change in share prices, bid-ask spread, trading volume, and short selling activity around the IPO lock-up expiration. We also discuss the macro-level effect of lock-up expiration linked to the crash of internet stocks. Fourth, we throw light on the factors explaining these anomalous negative share price reactions around unlock events. In line with the wealth maximization objective, insiders of the firm tend to profitable exit. The fifth theme discusses several exit strategies applied by locked insiders for a profitable exit on lock-up expiration. We aim to minimize the recycled research in the field of IPO lock-ups and help researchers produce meaningful and novel research. In line with this, we attempt to focus on the direction which extant literature has built upon; thereafter, we specify directions for future research. The review is worth reading and targeted toward academic researchers, decision-makers in firms, policymakers, and investors in general.

We study the optimal lock-down for a planner who controls the fatalities of COVID-19 while minimizing the output costs of the lock-down. The policy prescribes a severe lock-down beginning a few weeks after the outbreak, covering almost 50 percent of the population after a month, with a total duration shy of 4 months. The intensity of the optimal lock-down depends on the gradient of the fatality rate with respect to the infected and the availability of antibody testing, which yields a welfare gain of 2 percent of GDP. We also study test-tracing-quarantine, which we show to be complementary to lock-down. (JEL E23, I12, I15, I18)

Hash tries are a trie-based data structure with nearly ideal characteristics for the implementation of hash maps. Starting from a particular lock-free hash map data structure, named Lock-Free Hash Tries, we focus on solving the problem of memory reclamation without losing the lock-freedom property. To the best of our knowledge, outside garbage collected environments, there is no current implementation of hash maps that is able to reclaim memory in a lock-free manner. To achieve this goal, we propose an approach for memory reclamation specific to Lock-Free Hash Tries that explores the characteristics of its structure in order to achieve efficient memory reclamation with low and well-defined memory bounds. We present and discuss in detail the key algorithms required to easily reproduce our implementation by others. Experimental results show that our approach obtains better results when compared with other state-of-the-art memory reclamation methods and provides a competitive and scalable hash map implementation, if compared to lock-based implementations.

The importance of security makes everyone must ensure the security of everything that is included in him, both from the activities and assets he owns. The value of an asset has an incentive for everyone to implement a security system as protection. One of them is in the locker cabinet which generally still uses a manual locking system. So a Smart Locker is needed that uses microcontroller technology and a GSM Module combined with supporting applications such as Android-based. The purpose of this research is to design a security system with locker cabinet doors using Arduino Mega-based Voice Access. When the locker is forced to be opened, the buzzer will notify the owner that the locker door is opened via SMS short message remotely and the GSM module aims to open and lock the locker door via SMS message remotely where SMS communication mode uses the GSM module. Voice Access aims to make your access rights when you want to activate the locker system using the system voice command On and Off. Not everyone can use this locker because only a few can use it with the access given by entering the correct password when opening the locker door. The locker lock can be unlocked if the password is entered correctly, then the password is successful and then it will be stored and displayed on the LCD screen as an interface.

Using U.S. household‐level data and plausibly exogenous variation in the location‐timing of home purchases with a single lender, I find that negative home equity causes a 2% to 6% reduction in household labor supply. Supporting causality, households are observationally equivalent at origination and equally sensitive to local housing shocks that do not cause negative equity. Results also hold comparing purchases within the same year‐metropolitan statistical area that differ by only a few months. Though multiple channels are likely at work, evidence of nonlinear effects is broadly consistent with costs associated with housing lock and financial distress.

Cloud envisioned cyber--physical systems (CCPS) is a practical technology that relies on the interaction among cyber elements like mobile users to transfer data in cloud computing. In CCPS, cloud storage applies data deduplication techniques aiming to save data storage and bandwidth for real-time services. In this infrastructure, data deduplication eliminates duplicate data to increase the performance of the CCPS application. However, it incurs security threats and privacy risks. For example, the encryption from independent users with different keys is not compatible with data deduplication. In this area, several types of research have been done. Nevertheless, they are suffering from a lack of security, high performance, and applicability. Motivated by this, in this article, we propose a message lock encryption with neVer-decrypt homomorphic encRyption (LEVER) protocol between the uploading CCPS user and cloud storage to reconcile the encryption and data deduplication. Interestingly, LEVER is the first brute-force resilient encrypted deduplication with only cryptographic two-party interactions. We perform several numerical analysis of LEVER and confirm that it provides high performance and practicality compared to the literature.

Hardware intellectual property (IP) piracy and misuse have introduced new challenges in the semiconductor industry as untrusted parties in the IP’s life cycle may clone, reverse-engineer, or extract important design secrets from an IP. A promising solution to protect a hardware IP against such attacks is to perform logic locking, where additional logic controlled by a secret key is inserted in strategic locations of an IP to lock the functionality when the correct key is not available. As a multitude of logic locking techniques has emerged in the past decade, the research community has also developed strong attacks against them to expose various vulnerabilities that can be exploited by an adversary to break the protection. While state-of-the-art logic locking solutions have demonstrated provable robustness against known attacks, there is a critical need to explore new attack vectors and mitigate them to achieve a higher level of protection. In this article, we present SCOPE, a novel synthesis-based constant propagation attack for security evaluation of logic locking techniques. SCOPE is oracle-less and requires no knowledge about the locking algorithm or the locked design by an attacker. The introduced attack performs a synthesis-based analysis on each individual key-input port and looks for meaningful design features that may help derive the correct key value. SCOPE offers two attack modes with varying complexity and effectiveness, a linear regression test, and an unsupervised machine-learning analysis. We perform SCOPE to a number of existing locking techniques and demonstrate that the average attack accuracy is 84.13% with high scalability in terms of design size. Based on the vulnerabilities identified by SCOPE, we provide a low-overhead countermeasure that can help mitigate such constant propagation attacks.