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Recurrent wildfires can negatively affect soil quality, and post-fire soil quality recovery is critical for maintaining sustainable ecosystem development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes and recovery of soil properties and soil quality in the forests of dry/warm river valleys in southwest China after disturbance by high-severity fires. In this study, the impact of fire on soil properties and soil quality was investigated for three years post-fire. Unburned forest land with a similar natural environment compared to the fire area was used as a control. Soil samples were collected from three different depths of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with the Norm value was used to select the minimum data set (MDS), thus calculating the soil quality index (SQI). The results showed that the soil properties changed significantly after high-severity fires. On average, soil bulk density (0.91 g/cm3, p = 0.001), total nitrogen (0.12 g/kg, p = 0.000), total phosphorus (0.10 g/kg, p = 0.000), and total potassium (5.55 g/kg, p = 0.000) were significantly lower in the burned areas than in the unburned areas at the first sampling. These indicators increased in the following three years but still did not recover to unburned levels. Compared with the above indicators, soil porosity and organic matter increased post-fire, but gradually decreased over time. Soil clay, geometric mean diameter, and total potassium were included in the MDS. The SQI was ranked as unburned > 3 years > 2 years > 1 year > 6 months. The SQI was significantly (p = 0.001) reduced six months post-fire by an average of 36%, and, after three years of recovery, the soil quality of the post-fire areas could be restored to 81% of soil in unburned areas. Apparently, high-severity fires caused changes in soil properties, thereby significantly decreasing soil quality. Soil quality gradually improved with increasing restoration time. However, the complete recovery of soil quality post-fire in forest land in the dry/warm river valley will take a longer time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li Luo,1 Xi-Jiao Liu,2 Dong-Ling Chen,1 Xiao-Ya Deng,1 Yong-Hong Pan,1 Sheng Li1 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shapingba Hospital affiliated to Chongqing University (Shapingba District People’s Hospital of Chongqing), Chongqing, Shapingba District, 400040, People’s Republic of China; 2Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Bishan Hospital of Chongqing), Chongqing, Bishan District, 402760, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Sheng Li, Email linwo3696347@163.comObjective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation treatment during the recovery period of COVID-19, providing a scientific basis for developing more effective rehabilitation protocols.Methods: The study included 120 COVID-19 (novel coronavirus) recovery patients treated at our hospital from November 2021 to April 2022. After registration, patients were randomly divided into two groups, namely the study group and the control group. The control group received conventional rehabilitation treatment, while the study group underwent integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation treatment, with 60 cases in each group. The clinical observation indicators in this study include the results of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), respiratory and circulatory parameters, pulmonary function, changes in respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life in both groups of patients.Results: The 6MWT distance increased significantly in both groups, with the study group showing a larger improvement (P < 0.05). SpO2 and PaO2 values improved significantly in both groups, with greater increases in the study group (P < 0.05). Lung function parameters (FEV1 and FEV1/FVC) improved significantly in the study group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Diaphragmatic thickness and mobility were also significantly higher in the study group (P < 0.05). The SF-36 quality of life scores were significantly better in the study group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation treatment has achieved significant efficacy during the recovery period of COVID-19. The complementary use of traditional Chinese medicine’s differential diagnosis and treatment and modern medical approaches from Western medicine provides patients with comprehensive and personalized rehabilitation services, offering new ideas and methods to improve the quality of patient recovery.Keywords: COVID-19, novel coronavirus, recovery period, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation treatment, efficacy

Background and Objectives: One of the reasons for the low seed yield of lentils is the use of landraces, the lack of mechanized harvesting, and spring cultivation. Despite the advantages of fall planting, freezing stress is one of the most important abiotic factors influencing the growth and yield of lentils. Freezing stress increases photoinhibition and the loss of maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry. Chlorophyll fluorescence is a non-destructive and rapid technique used to screen for abiotic stress tolerance plants. Considering the advantages of fall planting of lentils, this study was conducted to identify lentil genotypes to freezing stress-tolerant by chlorophyll fluorescence technique. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in the fall and winter of 2018 at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The investigated factors included 18 lentil genotypes and four freezing temperatures (0, -15, -18, and -20 °C). Freezing temperatures were applied in the middle of February in the thermogradian freezer. The chlorophyll fluorescence trends in time points include before stress, 24, 48, 72, 120, and 144 hours after freezing by using a fluorometer were determined. The survival was evaluated visually three weeks after rewarming. The lethal temperature of 50% of plants according to survival percentage (LT50su), the reduced temperature of 50% of plants according to dry matter (RDMT50), and the reduced temperature of 50% of plants according to plant height (RHT50) were determined by fitting the graph of the mentioned traits against the freezing temperatures. Results: Between zero and -18 °C, the decreasing trend of the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry in the light if all reaction centers were open (F′v/F′m) was very low, but with decreasing temperature from -18 to -20 °C, the decreasing trend of F′v/F′m it became intense. At temperatures of zero, -15, and -18 °C, 24 hours after applying the freezing stress, the recovery of F′v/F′m was observed. MLC407 has the highest ability to recover freezing stress damage to PSII at -18°C. Among the studied genotypes, MLC103 had the lowest, and MLC286 and MLC454 had the highest PSII operating efficiency in the light (F′q/F′m). Improvement in F'q/F'm was observed during the recovery period at zero, -15, and -18 °C. As the temperature decreased from -18 to -20 °C, a downward and irreversible process was observed in the value of F'q/F'm. Freezing stress decreases the photochemical quenching (F'q/F'v) at the end of the recovery period in MLC13, MLC33, MLC38, MLC84, MLC103, MLC334, MLC407 and MLC409. Decreasing the temperature from zero to -15 °C decreased the estimates of the fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qL) in MLC334 and MLC407. MLC8, MLC11, MLC13, MLC17, MLC33, MLC47, MLC70, MLC286, MLC303, MLC334, MLC407, MLC409, MLC454 and MLC472 at -15 °C and MLC11 and MLC47 at -18 °C had a survival rate over 50%. The lowest RDMT50 was observed in the MLC47 genotype (-18.9 °C), and MLC47 and MLC11 had the highest ability to maintain dry weight. The cluster analysis results showed the relative superiority of the third group of genotypes, including MLC8, MLC11, MLC47, MLC70, MLC334, MLC407, MLC409, and MLC454 in the studied traits. Standardized canonical coefficient of traits RHT50, RDMT50, F′0, F′m, F′v, F′v/F′m, F′q/F′m, F′q/F′v and qL in the first canonical functions was significant. Conclusion: In general, there was a significant variation between genotypes regarding the ability of the photosynthetic apparatus during the recovery after freezing stress. The lowest changes in chlorophyll fluorescence were observed at zero, -15, and -18 °C, and the greatest at -20 °C. In most of the genotypes, 24 hours after freezing stress, a suitable recovery was observed, which indicates the high freezing stress tolerance of these genotypes. The results showed the relative superiority of the third group of genotypes in the studied traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergence and extubation are critical transitional phases in the perioperative period. Evidence has shown that complications occur more at extubation than intubation and induction. A comprehensive understanding of the various factors influencing emergence and extubation, potential complications, essential steps and different techniques employed can maximize patient outcomes and satisfaction. Vigilant monitoring and assessment of the patient's readiness for extubation are required at emergence. Reasons for delay and delirium in emergence must be screened and investigated so that corresponding treatment can be pursued. Haemodynamic stability, continued oxygen delivery, adequate analgesia and anti-emesis are the general objectives. Extubation is an elective procedure with the potential for unanticipated challenges and mortalities. Should extubation be determined appropriate, individualized planning and methodical preparation must precede the performance of extubation to avoid complications and failures. Risk stratification, airway assessment and optimization of physiological parameters are some of the necessary processes. Different extubation techniques are selected and performed to address specific physiological consequences and airway concerns. Guidelines and systematic approaches regarding emergence and extubation should be followed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flood submergence has devastating effects on agricultural production in China, with rice being particularly vulnerable to its impacts. Previous studies on rice submergence stress have primarily focused on immediate yield reduction and short-term growth. In this study, a submergence stress experiment was carried out by using the method of potted rice flooding. The growth recovery characteristics of rice under different submergence stress were analyzed through the continuous observation of rice growth after the disaster. The results showed that submergence stress had a persistent effect on rice growth, which persisted until the recovery period after the disaster. The recovery ability of rice plants decreased with the aggravation of stress, leading to increased damage to the plant. The average yield decreased by 17.07% and 15.56% due to submergence stress during the jointing and booting stage, respectively. The current study pointed out that the growth traits of and, furthermore, the mechanism of physiological changes in rice during the recovery period need to be explored in order to understand the effects of flooding stress on rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: : Recovery after sports training especially endurance activities is one of the most important concerns of athletes and coaches. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a short-term course of oral l-arginine supplementation on the sequence of responses of some biochemical indices levels during the recovery period in male endurance swimmers. Methods: 20 male endurance swimmers with the mean and standard deviation of age: 29.25±4.5 years, weight: 78.06±7.5 Kg, BMI: 23.99±3.69 Kg/m², and VO2max : 41±3.1 mL/kg.min were randomly assigned into two supplement (10 people) and placebo (10 people) groups. During one week, 7 g/day of L-arginine was given to the supplement group and 7 g/day of placebo was given to the other group. At the beginning and the end of the week, the participants underwent a 1500-meter freestyle swimming test. Blood sampling was drawn at the rest times and 5, 30, and 60 minutes after exercise. Results: The results of the present study indicate that the short-term oral intake of l- arginine supplement decreased the resting levels of the insulin hormone and increased insulin hormone immediately after exercise. Likewise, growth hormone increased after 60 minutes. In addition, it showed a decrease in cortisol hormone at 30 and 60 minutes and an increase in testosterone hormone (P<0.05). No significant changes were observed in the levels of other variables (P>0.05). Conclusion: In general, it seems that L-arginine supplementation has beneficial effects on the short-term recovery of endurance swimmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pavements and light structures constructed on expansive subgrade layers have experienced severe damage due to volume changes. These layers have been exposed to climatic changes such as freeze–thaw (FT) cycles. Accurate estimation of design parameters regarding heave/settlement is essential for sustainable performance. This work study the instantaneous and long-term effects of successive FT-cycles on the volume stability, swelling, and compressibility characteristics of natural and lime-treated expansive subgrades. Volume changes were traced during successive 15FT cycles. Swelling and consolidation characteristics were studied immediately after FT-cycles. The long-term effect of FT was tested at different recovery periods around year. FT-cycles significantly affects volume changes and compressibility, this effect is proportional to soil type and limited up to a certain number of FT-cycles. During the long-term recovery, a considerable part of underwent deformation is a permanent and not recovered, even after year the soil still memorizes this effect. Due to the propagated cracks, the plastic deformation increased with increase in FT-cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antarctic Total Column Ozone (TCO) gradually began to recover around 2000, and a large number of studies have pointed out that the recovery of the Antarctic TCO is most significant in the austral early spring (September). Based on the Bodeker Scientific Filled Total Column Ozone and ERA5 reanalysis dataset covering 1979–2019, the variation characteristics of the Antarctic TCO and stratospheric circulation for the TCO 'depletion' period (1979–1999) and the 'recovery' period (2000–2019) are analyzed in September. Results show that: (1) Stratospheric elements significantly related to the TCO have corresponding changes during the two eras. (2) The interannual variability of the TCO and the above-mentioned stratospheric circulation elements in the recovery period are stronger than those in the depletion period. (3) Compared with the depletion period, due to the stronger amplitude of the planetary wave 1, stronger Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux corresponds to EP flux convergence, larger negative eddy heat flux, and positive eddy momentum flux in the stratosphere during the recovery period. The polar temperature rises in the lower and middle stratosphere and the polar vortex weakens in the middle and upper stratosphere, accompanied by the diminished area of PSC. This contributes to the understanding of Antarctic ozone recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Flood submergence has devastating effects on agricultural production in China, with rice being particularly vulnerable to its impacts. Previous studies on rice submergence stress have primarily focused on immediate yield reduction and short-term growth. In this study, a submergence stress experiment was carried out by using the method of potted rice flooding. The growth recovery characteristics of rice under different submergence stress were analyzed through the continuous observation of rice growth after the disaster. The results showed that submergence stress had a persistent effect on rice growth, which persisted until the recovery period after the disaster. The recovery ability of rice plants decreased with the aggravation of stress, leading to increased damage to the plant. The average yield decreased by 17.07% and 15.56% due to submergence stress during the jointing and booting stage, respectively. The current study pointed out that the growth traits of and, furthermore, the mechanism of physiological changes in rice during the recovery period need to be explored in order to understand the effects of flooding stress on rice.

COVID-19 has upended travel across the world, disrupting commute patterns, mode choices, and public transit systems. In the United States, changes to transit service and reductions in passenger volume due to COVID-19 are lasting longer than originally anticipated. In this paper we examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on individual travel behavior across the United States. We analyze mobility data from Janurary to December 2020 from a sample drawn from a nationwide smartphone-based panel curated by a private firm, Embee Mobile. We combine this with a survey that we administered to that sample in August 2020. Our analysis provides insight into travel patterns and the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on transit riders. We investigate three questions. First, how do transit riders differ socio-demographically from non-riders? Second, how has the travel behavior of transit riders changed due to the pandemic in comparison to non-riders, controlling for other factors? And third, how has this travel behavior varied across different types of transit riders? The travel patterns of transit riders were more significantly disrupted by the pandemic than the travel of non-riders, as measured by the average weekly number of trips and distance traveled before and after the onset of the pandemic. This was calculated using GPS traces from panel member smartphones. Our survey of the panel revealed that of transit riders, 75% reported taking transit less since the pandemic, likely due to a combination of being affected by transit service changes, concerns about infection risk on transit, and trip reductions due to shelter-in-place rules. Less than 10 percent of transit riders in our sample reported that they were comfortable using transit despite COVID-19 infection risk, and were not affected by transit service reductions. Transit riders were also more likely to have changed their travel behavior in other ways, including reporting an increase in walking. However, lower-income transit riders were different from higher-income riders in that they had a significantly smaller reduction in the number of trips and distance traveled, suggesting that these lower-income households had less discretion over the amount of travel they carried out during the pandemic. These results have significant implications for understanding the way welfare has been affected for transportation-disadvantaged populations during the course of the pandemic, and insight into the recovery of U.S. transit systems. The evidence from this unique dataset helps us understand the future effects of the pandemic on transit riders in the United States, either in further recovery from the pandemic with the anticipated effects of mass vaccination, or in response to additional waves of COVID-19 and other pandemics.

Introduction: Emergence agitation is a commonly experienced phenomenon in the waking period of general anaesthesia, which can adversely affect the recovery of patients in the postoperative period. Patients undergoing nasal surgeries under general anaesthesia, involving postoperative nasal packing, tend to have a higher rate of emergence agitation after extubation. Non pharmacological methods like nasal clips, can be safe and costeffective alternatives to pharmacological agents for controlling emergence agitation. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of preoperatively applying nasal clips for various durations in patients scheduled for nasal surgeries under general anaesthesia, which require nasal packing in the postoperative period, in reducing emergence agitation after extubation. Materials and Methods: The present randomised controlled trial was conducted at department of Anesthesia, Shrimati Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre (SBKS MIRC) in Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. A total of 75 patients with ASA I and II, aged 18-65 years, posted for elective nasal surgeries under general anaesthesia with postoperative bilateral nasal packing, were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (25 patients) wore nasal clips for 30 minutes preoperatively, Group B (25 patients) wore the clip for 40 minutes preoperatively, and Group C (25 patients) served as the control group without nasal clips. At the time of extubation, the emergence agitation score, ability to cough, time to verbal response, respiratory rate, incidences of desaturation, laryngospasm, or any other complications were observed and noted by an anaesthetist who was unaware of the application of nasal clips preoperatively. All data statistically analysis were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (version 21.0; IBM Corporation). Results: All three groups were comparable (p>0.05) in terms of demographic profile, type and duration of surgery, and baseline haemodynamic parameters like Heart Rate (HR), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Oxygen Saturation (SpO2 ), and baseline Electrocardiography (ECG). Emergence agitation was significantly lower in Group A and B as compared to Group C (p-value=0.02). On comparing Groups A and B, Group B had a significantly lower incidence of emergence agitation (p-value=0.02). There were two cases of dangerous emergence agitation in the control group and one case in Group A while no cases were reported in Group B. Other parameters at extubation were comparable among all groups. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in Groups A and B in comparison to Group C. Conclusion: The present study suggests that preoperative preconditioning with nasal clips for 40 minutes in patients undergoing elective nasal surgeries can be a useful and safe method to reduce postoperative emergence agitation.

Summary: Background: The optimal timing for surgery following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in rectal cancer patients and its impact on perioperative and postoperative complications remain subjects of debate. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the association between the interval between nCRT and surgery and postoperative complications. Methods: Data from 279 patients who underwent nCRT were analyzed. The relationship between interval length and peri- and postoperative complications was assessed using the Mann–Whitney test and Spearman's rank correlation. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the predictive value of the interval length for outcomes, adjusting for clinicopathological characteristics. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis determined the optimal cut-off value. Results: The median interval between nCRT and surgery was 14 weeks (range 4 to 63 weeks). The length of the interval was associated with mean operative time and length of hospital stay (β = −0.86 and 0.03; p = 0.008 and 0.047; respectively). However, no significant associations were found between the interval length and peri- or postoperative complications in uni- or multivariate analyses. ROC analysis demonstrated significant results for total complications, ileus/bowel obstruction, and stomal necrosis (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.58, 0.71, and 0.67; p = 0.045, 0.002, and 0.001; respectively) and identified cut-off values of less than 12, 15, and 12 weeks, respectively, for minimizing these complications. Conclusion: A longer interval between nCRT and surgery in rectal cancer patients was associated with shorter operative times but longer hospital stays. No significant association was found between time intervals and complications, except for total complications, ileus/bowel obstruction, and stomal necrosis. Timely surgical intervention is crucial for optimizing outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvement of therapy of patients with ischemic stroke (IS) remains a relevant problem, despite the widespread use of drug and mechanical revascularization methods during recent years. One of the pathogenetic mechanisms of IS is oxidative stress as one of the components of brain tissue damage in the acute period and a factor that prevents the processes of repair and neuroplasticity in the recovery period. This is the rationale for the use of antioxidant drugs in the acute and recovery periods of stroke. Data from clinical studies on the use of antioxidants in the treatment of patients with IS are presented. We describe the use of the domestic drug dimephosphone (dimethyloxobutylphosphonyl dimethylate), a synthetic non-anticholinesterase organophosphorus compound, which has a wide range of effects: antioxidant, antacidotic, vasodilating, membrane stabilizing, anti-inflammatory, etc. Data are given on the use of dimephosphone in the acute period of IS in patients with no indications for thrombolytic therapy, there was a decrease in neurological deficit and a decrease in disability. The positive results of the use of dimephosphone in the recovery period of IS and in chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency are described. The data of our own study on the use of dimephosphone in the complex therapy of cognitive rehabilitation of patients in the recovery period of IS are presented. A statistically significant recovery of cognitive functions was registered according to the Montreal Cognitive Scale (MoCA), and an increase in the MoCA score by 2 points or more in 59.6% of patients. An improvement in executive functions, an increase in the flexibility of cognitive control of cognitive processes, and the predominance of verbal thinking over sensory-perceptual were noted.

More than 7 million early deaths/year are attributable to air pollution. Current health concerns are especially focused on air pollution-derived particulate matter (PM). Although oxidative stress-induced airway inflammation is one of the main adverse outcome pathways triggered by air pollution-derived PM, the persistence of both these underlying mechanisms, even after exposure cessation, remained poorly studied. In this study, A/JOlaHsd mice were also exposed acutely (24 h) or sub-chronically (4 weeks), with or without a recovery period (12 weeks), to two urban PM2.5 samples collected during contrasting seasons (i.e., autumn/winter, AW or spring/summer, SS). The distinct intrinsic oxidative potentials (OPs) of AW and SS PM2.5, as evaluated in acellular conditions, were closely related to their respective physicochemical characteristics and their respective ability to really generate ROS over-production in the mouse lungs. Despite the early activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cell signaling pathway by AW and, in a lesser degree, SS PM2.5, in the murine lungs after acute and sub-chronic exposures, the critical redox homeostasis was not restored, even after the exposure cessation. Accordingly, an inflammatory response was reported through the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) cell signaling pathway activation, the secretion of cytokines, and the recruitment of inflammatory cells, in the murine lungs after the acute and sub-chronic exposures to AW and, in a lesser extent, to SS PM2.5, which persisted after the recovery period. Taken together, these original results provided, for the first time, new relevant insights that air pollution-derived PM2.5, with relatively high intrinsic OPs, induced oxidative stress and inflammation, which persisted admittedly at a lower level in the lungs after the exposure cessation, thereby contributing to the occurrence of molecular and cellular adverse events leading to the development and/or exacerbation of future chronic inflammatory lung diseases and even cancers.

Introduction: Emergence agitation is a commonly experienced phenomenon in the waking period of general anaesthesia, which can adversely affect the recovery of patients in the postoperative period. Patients undergoing nasal surgeries under general anaesthesia, involving postoperative nasal packing, tend to have a higher rate of emergence agitation after extubation. Non pharmacological methods like nasal clips, can be safe and costeffective alternatives to pharmacological agents for controlling emergence agitation. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of preoperatively applying nasal clips for various durations in patients scheduled for nasal surgeries under general anaesthesia, which require nasal packing in the postoperative period, in reducing emergence agitation after extubation. Materials and Methods: The present randomised controlled trial was conducted at department of Anaesthesia, Shrimati Bhikhiben Kanjibhai Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre (SBKS MIRC) in Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. A total of 75 patients with ASA I and II, aged 18-65 years, posted for elective nasal surgeries under general anaesthesia with postoperative bilateral nasal packing, were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (25 patients) wore nasal clips for 30 minutes preoperatively, Group B (25 patients) wore the clip for 40 minutes preoperatively, and Group C (25 patients) served as the control group without nasal clips. At the time of extubation, the emergence agitation score, ability to cough, time to verbal response, respiratory rate, incidences of desaturation, laryngospasm, or any other complications were observed and noted by an anaesthetist who was unaware of the application of nasal clips preoperatively. All data statistically analysis were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (version 21.0; IBM Corporation). Results: All three groups were comparable (p>0.05) in terms of demographic profile, type and duration of surgery, and baseline haemodynamic parameters like Heart Rate (HR), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Oxygen Saturation (SpO2), and baseline Electrocardiography (ECG). Emergence agitation was significantly lower in Group A and B as compared to Group C (p-value=0.02). On comparing Groups A and B, Group B had a significantly lower incidence of emergence agitation (p-value=0.02). There were two cases of dangerous emergence agitation in the control group and one case in Group A while no cases were reported in Group B. Other parameters at extubation were comparable among all groups. Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in Groups A and B in comparison to Group C. Conclusion: The present study suggests that preoperative preconditioning with nasal clips for 40 minutes in patients undergoing elective nasal surgeries can be a useful and safe method to reduce postoperative emergence agitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in the frequency, intensity, and duration of drought periods in recent decades, with a significant impact on the state and functionality of the forest, requires an improvement in understanding the resilience and adaptability of forest species to environmental changes. Based on an extensive network of dendrochronological series from the Eastern Carpathians (150 spruce series, 41 fir series, and 40 beech series) with ages ranging from 30 to 160 years, distributed along an altitudinal gradient (470-1670 m), the resilience to the severe drought of 2003 was assessed. The results obtained, through resilience indices (resistance, recovery, resilience, and recovery period) applied to the mean growth series in basal area increment, suggest a higher resilience to the 2003 drought in beech compared to spruce and fir. Drought resistance increases with altitude, while recovery capacity decreases, especially for beech and spruce. In the case of fir, no significant variation in the resilience index was observed with the altitudinal gradient. Regarding the average cambial age in the year of the extreme climatic event, no statistically significant relationship was found. The research highlighted a high resilience to the 2003 drought among the main forest species in the Eastern Carpathians. In most cases, these species have the capacity to recover to their previous radial growth rates, even though the reduction in auxological processes was relatively large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the combined use of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in the recovery process of a 36-year-old man who suffered from ischemic stroke. During the recovery period syncope, chest tightness, and sudden onset type A aortic dissection were noted after surgery. The author was a nurse of outpatient department of Chinese and Western medicine. From March 5 to May 21, 2020, three times a week, during the outpatient department, health problem such as physical dysfunction, constipation, and anxiety were assessed by physical assessment and four examinations of Chinese medicine. Based on the empirical literature on the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine, a rehabilitation plan was developed that included the physical therapist and nurse. The traditional Chinese medicine acupoint pressing and foot bath were combined for the therapy. Head acupoint assisted with combs was used with the aim of promoting the secretion of endorphin. Constipation was improved by diet and health education. The patient's anxiety decreased from moderate to mild based on Baker Anxiety Scale scores. It is hoped that the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine can be helpful in clinical practice to improve the self-care ability of patients and to improve lower limbs muscle power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to scientifically substantiate and develop a program of physical therapy for a patient after a hemorrhagic stroke (during the recovery period) and check its effectiveness. Material & Methods: the study was conducted on the basis of the "Skalyansky Clinic" Medical Center. The organization of the study involved conducting a comparative analysis of the dynamics of indicators obtained with the help of clinical tools for assessing the patient’s functional state in the process of applying the author’s physical therapy program. A 71-year-old patient with a diagnosis of "Acute cerebrovascular hemorrhagic disorder: subarachnoid-parenchymal hemorrhage with the formation of a stroke-hematoma of the left temporal-subcortical area of the brain with breakthrough into the ventricular system with right-sided hemiplegia, sensorimotor aphasia" by a multidisciplinary team (doctor, physical therapist, speech therapist and psychologist) an individual program of physical therapy was developed. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the experimental methodology, a formative experiment was conducted. Clinical tools for assessing the functional state of the patient during the research were domains in the form of the ICF-core-set tool (a set of ICF basic categories) (ICF Research Branch, 2022) for complex stroke: Lovett’s test, Barthel scale, Gait Velocity (GV) tests and Berg Balance scale (BBS), Montreal Scale of Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Get Up and Go Tests, Trunk Control Test, Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The developed individual program of physical therapy for hemorrhagic stroke in the recovery period is a comprehensive course of physical therapy, occupational therapy, which is carried out in stages and includes the following components: therapeutic gymnastics classes; electrical stimulation of the shoulder, psychological (psychological counseling, psychological support, developmental classes for the recovery of cognitive impairments) and speech therapy (speech therapy gymnastics, articulation exercises, Su-Jok (massage ball and ring) component. After applying the specified author’s individual physical therapy program, qualitatively positive changes in the functional and psychophysical state of the patient, in particular: b7301.4 to b7301.2; d550.2 to d550.1; d510.3 to d510.2; d520.3 to d520.2; d540.3 to d540. 2; d598.3 to d598.2; d4100.3 to d4100.2; d450.3 to d450.2; d469.4 to d469.3; d330.3 to d330.1; d355.3 to d355.3; d998.3 to d998.2. Results: after applying the author’s program of physical therapy, we found qualitatively positive changes in the functional and psychophysical state of the patient, as evidenced by the positive dynamics of the studied indicators. The psychological and speech therapy work carried out contributed to the improvement in the process of restoring the patient’s cognitive functions (from moderate to mild impairment), stabilization of his emotional state, acquisition of stress resistance skills, harmonization of the patient’s system of relationships with himself, Conclusions: the effectiveness of using the author’s individual program of physical therapy is confirmed by the dynamics of qualitatively positive changes in the functional and psychophysical state of the patient.

Objective: To investigate the effect of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and Oxygen Nebuliser mask (ONM) on patients recovering from inhalation anesthesia. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 128 patients after inhalation of general anesthesia in the recovery room of the Anesthesiology Department of The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from September 2019 to September 2021. All patients received the same anesthesia induction and analgesia methods, inhalation anesthesia or intravenous-inhalation anesthesia maintenance, recovered spontaneous breathing and removed endotracheal intubation after surgery, then were divided into HFNC group and ONM group for oxygen therapy. HFNC setting mode: flow rate: 20-60 L/minutes, humidification temperature: 370C, the oxygen concentration was adjusted to maintain finger pulse oxygen saturation SPO2>90%; ONM group, the oxygen flow rate was adjusted to maintain finger pulse oxygen saturation SPO2>90%. All patients in the two groups were compared immediately after they entered the recovery room for 0 minutes, 10 minutes, and 20 minutes, including tidal volume, blood gas, Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) score and time from sedation to awakening. Results: The changes in tidal volume, oxygenation index and RASS score over time in the HFNC group were higher than those in the ONM group (p<0.05), and the awakening time in the HFNC group was faster than that in the ONM group (p<0.01), with significant statistical differences. Conclusions: Compared with ONM, HFNC can shorten postoperative recovery time, reduce the incidence of agitation and improve lung function and oxygenation state during recovery from anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air transport is the primary module of civil aviation and because of its nature, air transport has been simultaneously affected by Pandemics and crises. The influence of COVID-19 was more devastating than the other Pandemics and crises due to its global effect. This effect has continued a long period that still this effect exists now with a slight trend. The aim of this study is to analyse the selected variables that shows the past and future trend of air transportation related to operational and financial status. These variables are the primary ones that can define the countries' general status in air transport. The forecasting results are examined by 9-months forecasting with Vector Error Correction Model. It is forecasted that slightly decreasing trend will proceed in the following 9-months for passenger transportation due to fall and winter seasons. It is forecasted that slightly upward trend will proceed in the following 3-months and slightly decreased in the other 6-months for cargo transportation due to potential economic crisis in 2023. The originality of this paper is the first research related to analyse passenger and freight transportation together with the operational and financial parameters that defined in the sample of data and methodology sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antarctic Total Column Ozone (TCO) gradually began to recover around 2000, and a large number of studies have pointed out that the recovery of the Antarctic TCO is most significant in the austral early spring (September). Based on the Bodeker Scientific Filled Total Column Ozone and ERA5 reanalysis dataset covering 1979–2019, the variation characteristics of the Antarctic TCO and stratospheric circulation for the TCO ‘depletion’ period (1979–1999) and the ‘recovery’ period (2000–2019) are analyzed in September. Results show that: (1) Stratospheric elements significantly related to the TCO have corresponding changes during the two eras. (2) The interannual variability of the TCO and the above-mentioned stratospheric circulation elements in the recovery period are stronger than those in the depletion period. (3) Compared with the depletion period, due to the stronger amplitude of the planetary wave 1, stronger Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux corresponds to EP flux convergence, larger negative eddy heat flux, and positive eddy momentum flux in the stratosphere during the recovery period. The polar temperature rises in the lower and middle stratosphere and the polar vortex weakens in the middle and upper stratosphere, accompanied by the diminished area of PSC. This contributes to the understanding of Antarctic ozone recovery.

Patients with novel coronavirus infection still have many functional disorders during the recovery period. The timely intervention of rehabilitation treatment has important clinical significance in improving the patients' functions and their ability of daily living. Based on the current evidence of evidence-based medicine and clinical practice, this paper summarizes the rehabilitation treatment and precautions of patients with simple novel coronavirus infection and different groups with previous dysfunction and novel coronavirus infection(such as neurological dysfunction, chronic pain, and bone and joint diseases)with a view to providing clinical reference for the rehabilitation treatment of patients with novel coronavirus infection during the recovery period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Our study demonstrates that the immobilization of marmosets is best performed with a Telazol® dose of 5 mg/kg administered intramuscularly. This dose resulted in 50–90 min of immobilization, during which scientists and veterinarians can perform minimally invasive procedures. Marmosets' small body size makes anesthesia challenging. Ideally, small volumes of drugs should be administered intramuscularly (i.m.). In addition, dose-dependent sedation and anesthesia are desirable properties for sedatives and anesthetics in marmosets. Telazol® (tiletamine and zolazepam) is highly concentrated, allowing the use of small injection volumes and dose-dependent sedation and anesthesia. A randomized, blinded study with crossover design in ten healthy adult common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) was performed to evaluate the anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of three doses of i.m. Telazol® (respectively, 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg). Depth of anesthesia, cardiorespiratory effects, and induction, immobilization, and recovery times were determined. A significant difference was observed in immobilization time between 5 and 15 mg/kg of Telazol®. In addition, 15 mg/kg of Telazol® resulted in increased recovery times compared to 5 mg/kg. The cardiorespiratory effects during the first 45 min of immobilization were within clinically acceptable limits. The pedal withdrawal reflex was the best indicator of the anesthetic depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus - 2 (SARS - CoV - 2) was reported to cause the Wuhan outbreak of the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19). To date, the COVID-19 has infected more than 600 million people gloabally. As a growing number of patients recover from acute infections and are discharged from hospitals, the proportion of patients in the recovery period is gradually increasing. Many of these individuals have been reported to experience multiple symptoms during the convalescence, such as fatigue, dyspnea and pain which are designated as "long-COVID", "post-COVID syndrome" or "recovery sequelae. We searched for recent articles published in PubMed on COVID-19 convalescence and found that the pathogenesis of COVID-19 convalescence is not yet well recognized. It may be associated with incomplete recovery of immune system, parenchymal organ damage (liver or lung), coagulation abnormalities, "second hit" caused by viral infection, and Phenomenon of Cell Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). Some drugs and psychological factors of patients also play a non-negligible role in it. We also found that the effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is effective in the treatment of the COVID-19 recovery phase, which can not only relieve the corresponding symptoms, but also improve the indicators and pulmonary fibrosis. Bufei Huoxue Capsule, as the only drug explicitly mentioned for COVID-19 recovery period, can exert strong rehabilitative effects on physiological activity in patients recovering from COVID-19. In addition, in previous studies, traditional Chinese medicine has been confirmed to have the ability to resist cytokine storms, as well as improve coagulation and myocardial damage, which makes it have potential therapeutic advantages in targeting the hyperimmune response, coagulation abnormalities and myocardial damage existing in the recovery period. In conclusion, the clinical symptoms of patients convalescing from COVID-19 are complex, and its pathogenesis has not been elucidated. traditional Chinese medicine, as a traditional treatment, its specific action and mechanism need to be confirmed by more studies, so that it can play a better role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Visión Contable is the property of Universidad Autonoma Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To characterize the clinical features of long COVID, 286 patients who received care in our outpatient clinic for long COVID from May to December 2021 were surveyed. The recovery periods of each symptom and the key factors contributing to early recovery were statistically analysed. The median age of the patients was 35.8 years, with 137 men and 149 women. The median number of symptoms was 2.8. The most frequent symptoms were respiratory manifestations (52.1%), followed by fatigue (51.4%). Respiratory symptoms, fatigue, and headache/arthralgia were major complaints in the initial phase, whereas hair loss was a major complaint in the late phase, suggesting that the chief complaint of patients with long COVID may vary temporally. The best treatment outcome was observed for pulmonary symptoms, and hair loss had the worst outcome. COVID‐19 severity, the number of manifestations, and the delay in starting treatment exerted a negative effect on the recovery period of long COVID. In addition, the smoking habit was an independent risk factor for slowing the recovery period from long COVID. This study provides insights into the clinical course of each manifestation and therapeutic options with a more certain future of long COVID to meet the unmet medical needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The opioid receptors related to analgesia are mainly μ recipient, the μ receptor has a two-way mode of action: manifested by opioid analgesics and μ1 Receptor binding produces the desired analgesic effect, and μ2 Receptor binding may cause respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting and other adverse reactions. Nalmefene is an opioid receptor antagonist. Low dose Nalmefene has priority over μ2 Receptor binding makes opioid analgesics turn more to μ1 receptor binding, which is reversed μ2 Receptor mediated nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression and other adverse reactions, but does not reverse the analgesic effect. We assume that sufentanil combined with nalmefene could reduce respiratory adverse events in the patients who underwent uvulopalatopharyngoplasty during recovery.Methods: Patients with UPPP under general anesthesia were selected, and divided into control group (group C) and nalmefene group (group N) randomly. Patients in group N received sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg and nalmefene hydrochloride 0.25μg/kg at the end of the operation. Additionally, patients in group C received sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg at the end of the operation. The heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were observed and recorded before operation, immediately after extubation, and 5 min after extubation. The breathing recovery time, tracheal extubation time, consciousness score (Ramsay score、sedation-agitation scale (SAS)) and visual analog score (VAS) were carefully recorded at 5 min after extubation, and the various adverse reactions were monitored during the recovery period.Results: Ninety-six patients were finished our study finally. The breathing recovery and extubation time of group N was significantly shorter than those of group C (P

Objective. The aim of this work was to estimate the effectiveness of combination neurometabolic therapy that includes 5 mg of ipidacrine hydrochloride and 300 mg of phenibut in complex therapy of patients with hemisphere hemorrhagic stroke in the early rehabilitation period. Material and methods. Open comparative randomized study and treatment of 46 patients (31 men and 15 women) with hemisphere hemorrhagic stroke in the early rehabilitation period was performed. The mean age of patients was 57.17 ±7.09 years. All patients were divided into two groups - the main group included 20 patients with hemorrhagic stroke, who took neurometabolic combination therapy (5 mg of ipidacrine hydrochloride and 300 mg of phenibut three times per day) in addition to complex recovery treatment during 30 days (start from 30th day after stroke) and control group, that included 26 patients with hemorrhagic stroke, who received standard complex recovery treatment without additional neurometabolic therapy. Outcomes. The median MoCA score of the main group of patients was 21.0 (19; 24), while the second group had 20.5 (18; 23.75) MoCA score, but without any intergroup difference. It was also identified reliable improvement of cognitive values on the MoCA scale after treatment (р ˂ 0.05). Besides, statistical difference was reached between groups in these measures. Also, we showed that statistical improvement in memory was observed in both groups at 1st and 2nd attempts using Luriya’s method “memorizing 10 words”. But subsequent such an effect took place only in the main group. The present study showed the absence of improvement “memorizing of 10 words” at 3rd, 4th and 5th attempts in control group. At the same time, patients of the main group had improved results at 4th and 5th ones (р ˂ 0.05). Conclusion. The combined drug of neurometabolic nature, consisting of 5 mg ipidacrinum and phenibut 300 mg, improved rehabilitation effectiveness rates for account of cognitive functions in patients with hemorrhagic hemispheric stroke during recovery period during comprehensive rehabilitation.

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Background and purpose: Buyang Huanwu decoction (BYHWD) is widely used in the treatment of ischemic stroke in the recovery period, and many clinical trials have been reported, but its clinical efficacy and safety have not been fully evaluated. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of BYHWD in the recovery period. Materials and methods: Eight databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science, were searched from the establishment of the database to 13 April 2022. We selected all eligible randomized controlled trials of BYHWD in the treatment of ischemic stroke during the recovery period. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) was the primary outcome, and the Chinese Stroke Scale (CSS), activities of daily living (ADL), and adverse drug reaction (ADR) were the secondary outcomes. Results: A total of 39 randomized controlled trials were included, and 3,683 patients in the recovery period of ischemic stroke were recruited. Compared with conventional treatment alone, BYHWD combined with conventional treatment significantly decreased the NIHSS score (MD = -1.44, 95% CI: 1.75, -1.12, p < 0.00001), the CSS score (MD = -1.18, 95% CI: 2.02, -0.34, p = 0.006), improved the ADL (MD = 4.33, 95% CI: 3.06, 5.61, p < 0.00001), and did not increase the adverse reactions of patients (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.61, p = 0.67). Conclusion: BYHWD is an effective and safe therapy for the recovery of ischemic stroke. To further determine the efficacy and safety of BYHWD in the treatment of ischemic stroke in the recovery period, more high-quality, multicenter, and prospective RCTs are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions: Flooding and drought stress are expected to increase significantly across the world and plant responses to these abiotic changes may be mediated by plant–plant interactions. Stress tolerance and recovery often require a biomass investment that may have consequences for these plant–plant interactions. Therefore, we questioned whether phenotypic plasticity in response to flooding and drought affected the balance between competition and facilitation for species with specific adaptations to drought or flooding. Location: Utrecht University. Methods: Stem elongation, root porosity, root:shoot ratio and biomass production were measured for six species during drought, well‐drained and submerged conditions when grown alone or together with conspecifics. We quantified competition and facilitation as the 'neighbour intensity effect' directly after the 10‐day treatment and again after a seven‐day recovery period in well‐drained conditions. Results: Water stress, planting density and species identity interactively affected standardized stem elongation in a way that could lead to facilitation during submergence for species that preferably grow in wet soils. Root porosity was affected by the interaction between neighbour presence and time‐step. Plant traits were only slightly affected during drought. The calculated neighbour interaction effect indicated facilitation for wetland species during submerged conditions and, after a period to recover from flooding, for species that prefer dry habitats. Conclusions: Our results imply that changing plant–plant interactions in response to submergence and to a lesser extent to drought should be considered when predicting vegetation dynamics due to changing hydroclimatic regimes. Moreover, facilitation during a recovery period may enable species maladapted to flooding to persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the protective effects of dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil on cerebral oxygen metabolism and liver function in elderly patients during recovery from general anesthesia. METHODS: A total of 90 patients undergoing surgery in the hospital from Jan. 2020 to Jan. 2021 were selected as the research objects. The patients were divided into the group A (n = 30), group B (n = 30) and group C (n = 30) according to the random number table method. Patients in group A were treated with dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil by continuous pumping to maintain anesthesia, the group B were given sufentanil alone, and the group C received 0. 9% sodium chloride injection. The incidence of agitation and visual analogue scale (VAS) at different time points were compared among three groups. The heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) levels before and after surgery were recorded; the cerebral oxygen metabolism [suturation jugular venous blood (SjvO2 ), cerebral oxygen extraction rate (CERO2 )] was recorded before anesthesia induction (T0 ), at the end of surgery (T3 ) and after surgery of 24 h (T4 ). The levels of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) at T0, skin incision (T1 ), 5 min after tracheal intubation (T2 ), T3 and T4 were detected in three groups. RESULTS: The MAP and HR levels of three groups before surgery, after surgery of 1 h and 2 h increased first and then decreased. There were significant differences in levels of MAP and HR among three groups after surgery of 1 h and 2 h (P<0. 05). The incidences of agitation in group A, B and C were respectively 3. 33% ( 1 case), 6. 67% ( 2 cases) and 26. 67% (8 cases), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05). There were statistically significant differences in VAS scores within three groups before surgery, after surgery of 1 h and 2 h (P<0. 05), which decreased first and then increased. There were significant differences in VAS scores among three groups after surgery of 1 h and 2 h ( P < 0. 05). There were statistically significant differences in SjvO2 and CERO2 among three groups at T3 and T4 ( P < 0. 05). From T1 to T4, there were significant differences in levels of ALT and AST among three groups (P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil can reduce the cardiovascular stress and restlessness response of elderly patients during recovery from general anesthesia, and alleviate the pain of patients to a certain extent, improve the cerebral oxygen metabolism, alleviate the brain injury level, effectively inhibit the liver injury and protect the residual liver function of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents social hygienic characteristics of contingent of persons admitted to second stage of rehabilitation in specialized rehabilitation department after ischemic stroke at early recovery period. The attention is focused on necessity of multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitation measures, taking into account the International Classification of Functioning that permits to achieve more significant results in implementation of rehabilitation measures, to reduce the number of possible complications of this disease in later period, as well as to accelerate process of returning of studied category of patients to full-fledged life.

Anabolic steroids are frequently used to increase the growth rate of meat-producing animals. Exposure to an anabolic-androgenic steroid, nandrolone decanoate (ND), is associated with expressional reduction of testicular steroidogenic enzymes. However, the effect of withdrawal of ND exposure on the expression of these testicular molecules has not been thoroughly explored. The current research investigated expression changes of testicular steroidogenic enzymes in rats at several recovery periods (2, 6, and 12 weeks) after the stop of ND treatment with different doses (2 and 10 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. Body and testis weights were recorded, and transcript levels of molecules were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The immunohistochemistry was used to examine the changes of immuno-intensities of molecules. At 6 and 12 weeks of the recovery period, the 10 mg/kg ND-treated rats were lighter than other experimental groups. The interstitial compartment vanished by ND treatment filled up as the recovery period became longer. The expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein was returned to the control level at 12 weeks of the recovery period. Expression levels of cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage and 17a-hydroxylase were increased in 2 mg/kg ND-treated group at 6 weeks of the recovery period, and transcript levels of these molecules in 2 and 10 mg/kg ND-treated groups at 12 weeks of the recovery period were significantly lower than the control. Expression levels of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type I and 17β-HSD type 3 in 2 mg/kg ND-treated group were comparable with those of control at 12 weeks of the recovery period, but not in 10 mg/kg ND-treated group. Expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase (Cyp19) was reverted to the control level at 2 weeks of the recovery period. Except for Cyp19, there was a visible increase of immuno-staining intensity of other testicular steroidogenic enzymes in the Leydig cells as the recovery period progressed. This research has demonstrated that the cease of ND administration could restore the expression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes close to the normal level. Nevertheless, a relatively long recovery period, compared to the ND-exposure period would be required to retrieve normal expression levels of testicular steroidogenic enzymes.

Longo, AR, Silva-Batista, C, Pedroso, K, de Salles Painelli, V, Lasevicius, T, Schoenfeld, BJ, Aihara, AY, de Almeida Peres, B, Tricoli, V, and Teixeira, EL. Volume load rather than resting interval influences muscle hypertrophy during high-intensity resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1554–1559, 2022—Interset rest interval has been proposed as an important variable for inducing muscle mass and strength increases during resistance training. However, its influence remains unclear, especially when protocols with differing intervals have equalized volume. We aimed to compare the effects of long (LI) vs. short rest interval (SI) on muscle strength (one repetition maximum [1RM]) and quadriceps cross-sectional area (QCSA), with or without equalized volume load (VL). Twenty-eight subjects trained twice a week for 10 weeks. Each subject's leg was allocated to 1 of 4 unilateral knee extension protocols: LI, SI, SI with VL -matched by LI (VLI-SI), and LI with VL-matched by SI (VSI-LI). A 3-minute rest interval was afforded in LI and VSI-LI protocols, while SI and VLI-SI employed a 1-minute interval. All subjects trained with a load corresponding to 80% 1RM. One repetition maximum and QCSA were measured before and after training. All protocols significantly increased 1RM values in post-training (p < 0.0001; LI: 27.6%, effect size [ES] = 0.90; VLI-SI: 31.1%, ES = 1.00; SI: 26.5%, ES = 1.11; and VSI-LI: 31.2%, ES = 1.28), with no significant differences between protocols. Quadriceps cross-sectional area increased significantly for all protocols in post-training (p < 0.0001). However, absolute changes in QCSA were significantly greater in LI and VLI-SI (13.1%, ES: 0.66 and 12.9%, ES: 0.63) than SI and VSI-LI (6.8%, ES: 0.38 and 6.6%, ES: 0.37) (both comparisons, p < 0.05). These data suggest that maintenance of high loads is more important for strength increases, while a greater VL plays a primary role for hypertrophy, regardless of interset rest interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), first broke out in Wuhan, China, in 2019. SARS-CoV-2 develops many types of mutations (such as B.1.1.7), making diagnosis and treatment challenging. Although we now have a preliminary understanding of COVID-19, including pathological changes, clinical manifestations, and treatment measures, we also face new difficulties. The biggest problem is that most COVID-19 patients might face sequelae (e.g., fatigue, sleep disturbance, pulmonary fibrosis) during the recovery phase. We aimed to test six Chinese patent medicines to treat three major abnormal symptoms in COVID-19 patients during the recovery phase, including cardiopulmonary function, sleep disturbance, and digestive function. We launched the “three syndromes and six Chinese patent medicines” randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial on April 10, 2020. The results showed that Jinshuibao tablets and Shengmaiyin oral liquid significantly improved the cardiopulmonary function of recovering COVID-19 patients. Shumian capsules, but not Xiaoyao capsules, significantly improved patients’ sleep disorders. This might be because the indication of Xiaoyao capsules is liver qi stagnation rather than psychological or emotional problems. Xiangsha Liujun pills and Ludangshen oral liquid significantly improved digestive function. Our research provides a guideline for treating COVID-19 sequelae in patients during the recovery period based on high-quality evidence.

The aim of our study was the investigation of the dynamics of clinical-neurological indicators of patients with hemorrhagic hemispheric stroke (HHS) in the recovering period of the disease by comprehensive neurological, medical and social research. Materials and methods. 90 patients in the age from 38 to 70 years were studied, 58 men – 64.4 % and 32 women – 35.6 %. The condition of the patients was evaluated by NIHSS, mRS, BI and MSA on the 30th, 180th, 360th day of HHS. Depending on their self-care recovering level the patients were divided in two groups for analysis: the first one was formed with the patients whose self-care level completely was restored on the 360th day (ВІ = 100), and the second one was formed with the patients with BI 95 and less on the 360th day. Results. Structure of indicators according to NIHSS, mRS, ВІ and MSA on the 30th day of disease in these groups was analyzed during rehabilitation, as well as distribution of the patients based on their gender and process lateralization. Analyzing the data of the dynamics of the recovery period of HHS depending on the lateralization of the process and the sex of patients, we can notice that there was no significant difference during the recovery period of HHS depending of the lateralization of the process, for example, in patients with the damaged dominant hemisphere median score of BI was 70 points on the 30th day, patients with the lesion of subdominant hemisphere – 65, and on the 360th days in both groups it was 95 points. There was also no significant difference in the dynamics of neurological deficit and recovery of functional activity depending on the gender of patients. On the 30th day of the disease in the group of patients who fully restored their daily activity on the 360th day of HHS a significantly higher score for BI was determined than in the group with incomplete recovery (80 (70; 85) points against 55 (45; 65) points (P ˂ 0.05)). Although a significantly greater regression of functional disorders was found in the second group of patients (P ˂ 0.05). An analysis of the impact of spasticity on the recovery of self-care level showed a significant negative impact of increased muscle tone on the recovery of self-care (P ˂ 0.05) and reduction of the probability of complete recovery of independence in everyday life with increasing degree of spasticity (P ˂ 0.05). At the same time, no significant factors (sex, age, side of the lesion, etc.) were identified that would affect the development of spasticity in patients with HHS, except for the level of neurological deficit according to NIHSS. When we analyzed the distribution of patients in these two groups by sex, it was revealed that the groups didn't have any significant difference. There was also no significant difference in the study's groups depending of the lateralization of the stroke. Conclusions. It was found that on the 30th day of the disease in 35.6 % of patients the total score on NIHSS ranged from 2 to 6 points, 55.6 % of patients had mRS of 3 points and 48.9 % of patients had severe dependent of outside help in daily life by BI. Significant positive dynamics of recovery on NIHSS, mRS, BI scales on the 180th and 360th day of the disease (P ˂ 0.05) was revealed. The dependence of the indicators of the level of self-care on the 360th day of HHS, on the severity of stroke on the 30th day of the disease (P ˂ 0.01) and on the presence of manifestations of increased muscle tone was established. It was found that patients who had manifestations of spasticity on the 360th day of the disease had a significantly higher score for NIHSS at the onset of the disease, on the 30th day of the disease and on the 360th day of the disease than patients without manifestations of increased muscle tone (P ˂ 0.05). However, no interconnection was found between the indicators of the level of self-care on the 360th day of HHS and the lateralization of the process as well as the sex of patients.

Introduction: In Iran, clover is the second most important forage crop after alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and is cultivated on a surface of about 70,000 hectares. Yield improvement of this plant could be achieved through autumn cultivation. Iran is still one of the main centers for the diversity of clover species, there is not much information about freezing tolerance of native species of this important plant. Since freezing stress is one of the most important winter stresses which causes severe damage to the plant cells and tissues and ultimately plant death, evaluation of freezing tolerance of this crop could help to determination of the best planting date in order to achieve the highest yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the freezing tolerance of four clover species through assessment of plant survival and re-growth after freezing stress. Materials and Methods: In order to study growth criteria of four clover species after freezing stress in controlled conditions, an experiment was conducted in 2012-13 in Faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Treatments were arranged as factorial based on Completely Randomized Design with four replications. Factors were included of planting dates (late September and late October), clover species (red clover T. pratense, white clover T. repense, Persian clover T. resupinatum (autumn species) and crimson clover T. incarnatum (spring species) and freezing temperatures (0 (control), -3, -6, -9, -12, -15, -18, -21ºC). Survival percentage, LT50 according to Survival (LT50su), leaf area, Reduced 50% Leaf Area Temperature (RLAT50), dry weight and Reduced Dry Matter Temperature 50 (RDMT50) were measured after three weeks re-growth. Results and Discussion: Results indicated that survival percentage was significantly affected by interaction of planting date, species and freezing temperatures. In both planting dates, crimson and white species showed a good survival till -15°C while they were killed as temperature was more decreased to -18°C. In first planting date, two species of red and Persian clover had 50 and 42% survival, but were killed in this temperature in the second planting date. The lowest LT50su in autumn (red, white and Persian) and spring (crimson) species was found in first and second planting dates, respectively indicating higher freezing tolerance in crimson species at second planting date and a better acclimation of autumn species at first planting date which led to a higher survival compared to spring species. Leaf area was significantly affected by planting date, species and freezing temperatures at the end of the recovery period. In first planting date, decreasing temperature from zero to -18°C caused reduction of 98 and 48% of leaf area in red and Persian species while no plant of white and crimson species was survived in this condition. In second planting date, leaf area was decreased about 6, 33 and 2% as temperature decreased from zero to -15°C while leaf area of Persian species, not only was not decreased, but also increased by about 12%. The lowest and highest RLAT50 were observed in Persian and red species. Interaction of planting date and species on RDMT50 was significant in a way that in delayed planting date, RDMT50 was increased in red, Persian and crimson species while it was decreased in white species. Conclusion: Red and Persian species showed higher freezing tolerance according to indices of survival percentage and LT50su. The highest recovery ability of plants based on leaf area per plant, RLAT50, plant dry matter and RDMT50 was found for second planting date. Also annual species of Persian and crimson had lower RLAT50 and RDMT50 and higher freezing tolerance compared to perennial species of red and white clover.

Objective To investigate the quality of life (QOL) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the recovery stage of six months after discharge and to analyze the influence factors. Methods Based on the COVID-19 case registration system whose establishment was led by Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, 117 COVID-19 patients in the recovery stage hospitalized in designated hospitals of COVID-19 in Wuhan, Hubei Province from January 17th to March 17th, 2020 were taken as the research objects and were followed up for six months after dis- charge. The QOL of patients was investigated with the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) face to face. The score of the QOL of patients with different clinical characteristics was analyzed and compared. The relationship between different clinical characteristics and the total score of the QOL of patients was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Statistically significant factors were included in the linear regression analysis and the linear correlation equation of the total score of the QOL was obtained. Results The total score of the QOL of patients in the WHOQOL-BREF scale was 75. 79 ± 13. 80 points, the self-evaluation of the QOL was 3. 20 ± 0. 78 points, and the self-evaluation of health condition was 2. 60 ± 0. 79 points. The total score of the QOL of female patients, patients with high sequelae grade, and patients with history of smoking was lower than that of male patients, patients with low sequelae grade, and patients without history of smoking. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the typing of the acute stage of COVID-19, sequelae grade, gender, and history of smoking were related to the total score of the QOL of patients at six months after discharge. The linear regression analysis showed that sequelae grade was linearly correlated with the total score of the QOL of patients at six months after discharge. Linear correlation equation was Y =94. 179 - 9. 153X. Conclusions At six months after discharge, COVID-19 patients in the recovery stage were generally dissatisfied with their QOL and health condition. Their overall QOL was relatively low. It was affected by factors such as gender, BMI, underlying diseases, and history of smoking. And the sequelae symptoms had the most significant impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep deprivation (SD) is commonplace in the modern way of life and has a substantial social, medical, and human cost. Sleep deprivation induces cognitive impairment such as loss of executive attention, working memory decline, poor emotion regulation, increased reaction times, and higher cognitive functions are particularly vulnerable to sleep loss. Furthermore, SD is associated with obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and a vast majority of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders are accompanied by sleep disturbances. Despite the widespread scientific interest in the effect of sleep loss on synaptic function, there is a lack of investigation focusing on synaptic transmission on the proteome level. In the present study, we report the effects of SD and recovery period (RP) on the cortical synaptic proteome in rats. Synaptosomes were isolated after 8 h of SD performed by gentle handling and after 16 h of RP. The purity of synaptosome fraction was validated with western blot and electron microscopy, and the protein abundance alterations were analyzed by mass spectrometry. We observed that SD and RP have a wide impact on neurotransmitter-related proteins at both the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. The abundance of synaptic proteins has changed to a greater extent in consequence of SD than during RP: we identified 78 proteins with altered abundance after SD and 39 proteins after the course of RP. Levels of most of the altered proteins were upregulated during SD, while RP showed the opposite tendency, and three proteins (Gabbr1, Anks1b, and Decr1) showed abundance changes with opposite direction after SD and RP. The functional cluster analysis revealed that a majority of the altered proteins is related to signal transduction and regulation, synaptic transmission and synaptic assembly, protein and ion transport, and lipid and fatty acid metabolism, while the interaction network analysis revealed several connections between the significantly altered proteins and the molecular processes of synaptic plasticity or sleep. Our proteomic data implies suppression of SNARE-mediated synaptic vesicle exocytosis and impaired endocytic processes after sleep deprivation. Both SD and RP altered GABA neurotransmission and affected protein synthesis, several regulatory processes and signaling pathways, energy homeostatic processes, and metabolic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential induced degradation (PID) phenomenon of p-type c-Si photovoltaic technology is a severe degradation mode that caught the attention of researchers since it can significantly affect the energy production of the PV plants. Various modeling/lab-tests have been conducted but very few are the in-situ experiments estimating the behavior of PID under real operating conditions on desert climate. In this context, the present work inspects the PID presence in an operational PV plant of a p-type monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si) technology with a capacity of 22,2-kW, installed in a Bsh (Hot semi-arid) climate. Besides, the assessment of the PID's impact on the affected modules have been measured and evaluated using several inspection techniques; electroluminescence (EL), thermography (IR) and I–V curve. Furthermore, we have evaluated the PID recovery process in the affected PV modules, and its first appearance in non-affected modules using a polarity inversion technique. The key finding shows that PID can be considered a significant degradation mode affecting the durability and the power output of crystalline silicon modules. Furthermore, the bias polarity change (to only demonstrate that the PID can be regenerated) can recover the PID causing power losses after a very short period. The results of this study demonstrate that PID can rapidly occur within three months in a semi-arid climate of Morocco. •In-situ experiments estimating the behavior of PID under real operating conditions on desert climate. • The effect of configuration change (polarity) on the PV modules properties –electrical parameter and aging mechanism. • The polarity inversion technique can recover the PID causing power losses after a very short period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O'Grady, MW, Young, WB, Behm, DG, and Talpey, SW. Effect of intention to squat explosively on acute countermovement jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3348-3354, 2021-The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of squatting with the intention of moving the bar as fast as possible during the ascent phase on potentiating countermovement jump (CMJ) performance. Fourteen recreationally resistance-trained men (age = 22.1 +/- 1.7 years, height = 179.9 +/- 4.2 cm, body mass = 83.8 +/- 6.6 kg) with a predicted 1 repetition maximum half-squat of 201.0 +/- 27.8 kg participated in this study. Subjects performed 3 CMJs before and then 4 and 8 minutes after a squat conditioning activity (CA). Conditions were randomized. For 1 condition, the CA involved subjects performing 4 repetitions of the half-squat with a 5RM load in a controlled manner (CON) at a self-selected normal squatting tempo. In the other condition, subjects used the same number of repetitions and load; however, they were instructed to move the bar up as fast as possible during the concentric phase of the half-squat (VMAX). Half-squat peak force (N), peak power (W), peak velocity (m[middle dot]s-1), and rate of force development (RFD) were measured for each CA using a force platform and linear position transducer. At 4 and 8 minutes post-CA, CMJ height, relative peak power, peak velocity, and peak force were also measured. Despite there being significant increases in the half-squat peak power, peak velocity and maximum RFD in the VMAX condition, neither condition significantly improved any post-CMJ variable. Some small improvements in jump height were observed in certain individuals after the VMAX condition, suggesting that an explosive half-squat CA may potentiate CMJ performance in certain individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]