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Aims: The current research was performed to study histopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of gingival tissue in peri-implantitis. Methods & Results: This study examined 25 patients between ages of 30–40 years. Twenty patients were selected with peri-implantitis (peri-implantitis group) in which inflamed gingival tissues were surgically removed. The gingival soft tissue collars from five healthy patients with partially impacted third molar were surgically removed (control group). All gingival tissue samples were examined histologically and ultrastructurally. Immunoreactivity to CD3 and CD20 antibodies was also evaluated. Cases of peri-implantitis stained with hematoxylin and eosin demonstrated hyperplastic nonkeratinized epithelium with downward growth of rete ridges. Connective tissue stroma revealed prominent vascularity, proliferation of fibrous tissue and focally aggregated inflammatory cell infiltration localized to the subepithelial area. Immunohistochemical results exhibited large numbers of T (CD3+) and B (CD20+) lymphocytes in peri-implantitis compared to normal tissue with a statistically significant difference. All cases of peri-implantitis demonstrated no significant difference between T and B lymphocytes. Transmission electron microscope showed wide intercellular spaces with fine bundles of keratin intermediate filaments around the nucleus. Fibrous connective tissue stroma with active fibroblasts and numerous mixed inflammatory cells (plasma cells, mast cells and numerous activated lymphocytes) were also revealed. Conclusions: Variable histopathological changes appeared in peri-implantitis soft tissue including hyperplastic nonkeratinized epithelium, mixed inflammatory cell infiltration with no statistical difference between T and B lymphocytes, excessive collagenization and vascular proliferation. Understanding these histopathological alterations may help clinicians in better management of peri- implantitis condition to ensure longevity of dental implants.

Introduction: double lip is one of lip abnormalities that may be congenital or acquired. It consists of a fold of excess tissue on the mucosal side of the lip. It causes functional and aesthetic problems to affected patientsAim of the work : The present study was performed to compare clinically and histopathologically between redundant tissue in double lip and normal labial mucosa.Subjects and methods: Seventeen patients with congenital non syndromic double lip were selected. Redundant tissues were removed surgically together with part of adjacent normal mucosa as part of the surgical manipulation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was done to compare both tissues microscopically. Expression of ki-67 and p53 was evaluated in both tissue by immunohistochemistryResults: Clinically, redundant tissue appeared as thick extra fold with normal mucosal color and soft consistency analogous to normal labial mucosa. This redundant tissue was removed surgically without any complications. Histopathologically, normal labial mucosa revealed non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and delicate underlying connective tissue. Excess tissue exhibited parakeratosis, acanthosis, elongation of rete pegs. The underlying connective tissue was fibrotic with inflammatory cell infiltration. In normal labial mucosa, ki-67 was detected only in parabasal layer of epithelium whereas it was localized in parabasal and superficial layers of epithelium in redundant tissue. No expression of p53 was detected in both normal and excess tissue. For both ki-67 and p53, the difference in expression between normal and redundant tissue was significant.Conclusion : Redundant tissue is a benign hyperplastic tissue that require surgical removal. So surgical excision here is the treatment of choice when excess tissue causes functional and aesthetic problems. Moreover, the high proliferation of redundant tissue may necessitate the surgical excision of this tissue.

Back ground: Synthetic bone substitutes have been advanced, and researches are developed to more effective biomaterials with promising ability to reconstruct lost bone structure. Tricalcium phosphate biomaterials and white Portland cement are among them. The aim of the current study is to assess the effect of β-tricalcium phosphate versus white Portland cement in surgically mandibular bone defect dogs.Material and methods: Six adult dogs were used. The anaesthesia was conducted by iv injection of thiopental sodium 20mg/kg.b.wt. and maintained using (atropine 0.04 mg/kg b.wt., xylazine 1mg/kg.b.wt. and diazepam 1mg/kg.b.wt.in saline iv drop by drop infusion ), three critical size defects were designed at the buccal side of the mandible. The defects were 5 cm apart from each other. One defects filled with sterile white Portland cement, the middle defect filled with β-tricalcium phosphate and the later one was left empty. The dogs were euthanized at the end of 1 and 8 week postoperatively respectively. The specimens were prepared for light microscope using H&E and Masson Tri-chrome staining.Results: The experimental sides of all periods revealed increasing the amount of new bone trabeculae extended from original bone towards the center of the defect with both white Portland cement & β-tricalcium phosphate. While, the control sides displayed few new bone trabeculae at central area and the lateral wall of the bony defects. The amount of new bone trabeculae confirmed the histological results. Conclusion: White Portland cement is a biocompatible osteoconductive economically affordable graft material and it id more efficient than β-tricalcium phosphate.

Background: Primary teeth are excellent model to figure out the differences in morphological and histological features of tooth resorption. They may be exfoliated due to physiological resorption of their roots or the coexistent physiological and pathological resorption that are usually observed in the replacement period of dentition. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the qualitative differences in the appearance of the roots of primary teeth undergoing physiological or coexistent physiological and pathological root resorption. Material and Methods: Twenty primary teeth were examined, Ten exfoliated teeth with physiological resorption represented Group I and ten extracted teeth with coexistent physiological and pathological resorption represented Group II. Results: At light microscopic examination, group I showed deep round wave like resorption fossae filled with many odontoclasts, and the pulp showed inflammatory cell infiltration along with areas of dystrophic calcification. The odontoblasts were disorganized or disappear completely. Repair by cementum like tissue deposition was found internally. SEM examination revealed variable sized numerous resorption lacunae with smooth edges that had a circular or polygonal shape. Group II showed irregular resorbed root surface and various size odontoclasts besides thick granulation tissue. The pulp was degenerated, necrotic and contained calcification globules. The odontoblastic layer couldn’t be identified. Cementum repair was evident externally but at the internal resorption surface. By SEM, the resorption fossae were smaller and irregular in shape with thinner edges.Conclusion: There were various morphological differences between physiological and coexistent physiological and pathological resorption of human primary teeth

Introduction: The mammalian tongue displays significant morphological differences. These differences seemed to be related to the nature of food. Also, the surrounding environmental conditions play an important role in these differences. The dorsal mucosa of the tongue is covered by numerous papillae. In many mammals, tongue papillae play a vital role in food intake and digestion. The aim study: This study was to investigate the morphological characteristics of the circumvallate papillae (CVPs) of rat, dog, rabbit and goat. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, tongues of these animals were examined macroscopically as well as with light and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: Grossly observations reveled, in ratsa single large CVP surrounded by a semicircular moat and an indistinct annular pad. In dogs, five CVPs were arranged in two lines. The large papillae were surrounded by a wide moat and a prominent annular pad. Whereas, the small papilla lacked the annular pad and had irregular ridges.In rabbits, two CVPs enclosed by a deep moat lacking the annular pad. Whereas, goats had eight pairs of CVPs on both rims of the torus linguae and were encircled by a prominent gustatory moat and a thick annular pad. Histological examination of the four species revealed taste buds were located in the medial and lateral walls of the moat except for goats that had taste buds only in the medial wall of the moat. SEM examinationof the papillary surface exposedtransverse grooves in rats, irregular microridges and grooves in dogs and rabbits whereas the goats showed very little and small grooves. Conclusion: Hence, this study highlighted a variation in the morphology and microscopic anatomy of CVPsas an adaptation to their different feeding behaviours.

Back ground: white Portland cement (WPC) is a fine powder and most common type of cement in general use around the world. This study was carried out to evaluate in vivo biocompatibility and bone healing efficacy of WPC in surgically mandibular bone defect rabbits.Material and methods: Fifteen rabbits were divided randomly into three equal groups (I, II& III). Surgical defect was made at posterior submandibular region on both right and left sides. Sterile WPC powder was applied to the left side defect, while the right side was control. The groups (I, II, III) were sacrificed after 1st, 4th and 8th week postoperatively respectively. The specimens were processed for light microscope using H&E and SEM. The newly formed bone filling the defect and cell counting were statistical evaluated.. Results: The experimental sides of all periods revealed increasing in the amount of newly formed bone trabeculae extended from original bone towards the center of the defect. While, the control sides displayed few new bone trabeculae at central area and the lateral wall of the bony defects. The amount of newly formed bone and mean cell counting confirmed the histological results. Conclusion: WPC is a biocompatible osteoconductive economically affordable graft material.

Background The ever-increasing widespread use of modern fast food with its soft consistency strongly argues for its deleterious effects on the periodontium ligament (PDL). Aim The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of soft diet consistency on the integrity of the periodontium of adult Albino rats and its reversibility by shifting into normal diet consistency. Materials and methods A total of 15 adult male Albino rats, 6 weeks of age were used. The animals were divided randomly into three equal groups; control group received hard diet for 6 weeks, the experimental group received soft diet for a period of 6 weeks while the recovery group received soft diet as experimental group and then changed to hard ordinary diet for another 4 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, all animals were anaesthetized and the mandible was dissected then the animals were euthanized. The periodontium of the molar region was examined by light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The thickness of PDL was also calculated and statistically analyzed. Results Soft diet administration in the experimental group led to thick and proliferated junctional epithelium, dissimilarity of the width of the PDL on both sides of the root, bony projections at the wide side of the PDL, disorganized PDL bundles and resorption of alveolar bone, cementum and dentin at the narrow side of the PDL. In the recovery group, some improvement of the periodontium was evident as detected by light and scanning electron microscope examinations. Statistical analysis revealed that PDL thickness decreased significantly in the experimental group compared to other groups. Conclusion The soft consistency of modern fast food disturbs the structural integrity of the periodontium and their hazards can be prevented by avoiding fast food consumption.