19 results on '"Redcliffe, James"'
Search Results
2. Alpine ungulate movement : quantification of spatiotemporal environmental energetics and social interaction
- Author
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Redcliffe, James, Borger, Luca, Brown, Rowan, and Wilson, Rory
- Abstract
Species movement, an animal's ability to change its location, is a fundamental property of life, and animals have diverse physical and behavioural attributes that are believed to enhance efficient travel and optimization of resources. Quantifying movement energetics and returns to examine these ideas over relevant time- and space scales is, however, problematic. In this thesis, I set out to develop and use advanced biologging tag technology to determine a second by second account of the behaviour and location of tagged animals to unveil where and when key behaviours are occurring, to answer key questions about feeding and social behaviour, allocation in space and the energetic costs associated with different movement decisions. Specifically, I used accelerometers, magnetometers, temperature and pressure sensors with GPS units in animal-attached loggers to examine key questions linking movement, energetics and feeding and aggressive behaviours in 3 wild- and 3 domestic ungulate species in mountainous landscapes in the French Alps, monitored for periods between 30 and 200 days. To obtain high-frequency data using electronic devices for long periods, I had to first design new housings to attach safely the loggers to the animals and develop methods for weather proofing the loggers. I designed, using CAD-designa and 3D printing, different housing types and used 'Guronic' resin to shockproof and waterproof circuit boards. This allowed me to obtain logging data for up to 200 days. To give a location per second but stay within ethical weight restrictions, the dead-reckoning method to reconstruct fine-scale movements between low resolution GPS fixes was adopted. To improve the accuracy of dead-reckoning estimates I improved the method using behavioural definition to identify real moves (steps, grazing, moving) and distinguish it from resting, grooming and other behaviours not leading to a displacement of the animal in space, allowing to selectively filter data to be dead-reckon. Using the data collected, I showed that central-place-based, but free-roaming, domestic goats exhibited efficient space-use by having time-dependent fanning out from their central place, which reduced local resource depletion. Models predicted that area-use increased logarithmically with herd size and duration. These finding could lead to improved livestock management in multi-functional alpine landscapes, to reduce the risk of over-grazing and manage interactions with other grazing species and clonflicts with other landuse needs. The goat grazing patterns were compared to those of wild ibex and revealed goats to be more adaptable, with the ibex being particularly vulnerable to changes in temperature, exacerbated by them preferring steep slopes with associated high metabolic costs and heat generation during ascent. These results could further inform management decisions regarding the survival of alpine ibex under projected climate change. Furthermore I developed new biologging approaches to investigate social interactions, specifically head-clashing in both species. This agonistic behaviour was associated with competition and the rut in ibex and was quantified using methods first developed for the domestic goat, where the behaviour appeared to relate primarily to competition for food. Using the goat as a surrogate species, the behaviour could be identified and mapped for the ibex, which highlighted areas and times important for head-clashing, including drastic increases during the rut. Finally, movement data and proxies for energy expenditure from three domestic species (sheep, cows and goats) and three wild species (ibex, mouflon and chamois) was utilised to produce species-specific energy landscapes across the terrains they used. This indicated that different anatomies and behaviours resulted in different, species-specific, movement costs for specific topographies and habitats. Energy use for travel across heterogeneous space depends, therefore, on the species concerned. These findings thus highlight the importance to consider that species with different life histories and ecological needs use landscapes in contrasting ways and my results can provide a more refined evidence base for the management and conservation of these species in alpine grasslands. These biologging approaches allow now also to address further management issues such as the responses to disturbances from tourists (hiking, skiers, etc.) and even reveal how species are more susceptible to climate change.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Highlighting when animals expend excessive energy for travel using dynamic body acceleration
- Author
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Wilson, Rory P., Reynolds, Samantha D., Potts, Jonathan R., Redcliffe, James, Holton, Mark, Buxton, Abi, Rose, Kayleigh, and Norman, Bradley M.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Dead-reckoning animal movements in R: a reappraisal using Gundog.Tracks
- Author
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Gunner, Richard M., Holton, Mark D., Scantlebury, Mike D., van Schalkwyk, O. Louis, English, Holly M., Williams, Hannah J., Hopkins, Phil, Quintana, Flavio, Gómez-Laich, Agustina, Börger, Luca, Redcliffe, James, Yoda, Ken, Yamamoto, Takashi, Ferreira, Sam, Govender, Danny, Viljoen, Pauli, Bruns, Angela, Bell, Stephen H., Marks, Nikki J., Bennett, Nigel C., Tonini, Mariano H., Duarte, Carlos M., van Rooyen, Martin C., Bertelsen, Mads F., Tambling, Craig J., and Wilson, Rory P.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. How often should dead-reckoned animal movement paths be corrected for drift?
- Author
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Gunner, Richard M., Holton, Mark D., Scantlebury, David M., Hopkins, Phil, Shepard, Emily L. C., Fell, Adam J., Garde, Baptiste, Quintana, Flavio, Gómez-Laich, Agustina, Yoda, Ken, Yamamoto, Takashi, English, Holly, Ferreira, Sam, Govender, Danny, Viljoen, Pauli, Bruns, Angela, van Schalkwyk, O. Louis, Cole, Nik C., Tatayah, Vikash, Börger, Luca, Redcliffe, James, Bell, Stephen H., Marks, Nikki J., Bennett, Nigel C., Tonini, Mariano H., Williams, Hannah J., Duarte, Carlos M., van Rooyen, Martin C., Bertelsen, Mads F., Tambling, Craig J., and Wilson, Rory P.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Combined effects of landscape fragmentation and sampling frequency of movement data on the assessment of landscape connectivity
- Author
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Prima, Marie-Caroline, primary, Garel, Mathieu, additional, Marchand, Pascal, additional, Redcliffe, James, additional, Börger, Luca, additional, and Barnier, Florian, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Why catch when you can throw? A framework for tagging animals without capture or restraint
- Author
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Wilson, Rory, primary, Redcliffe, James, additional, Holton, Mark, additional, Thomas, Victoria, additional, Gunner, Richard, additional, Silovski, Vaclav, additional, Jezek, Milos, additional, English, Holly, additional, Shott, Olivia, additional, Bambridge, Katie, additional, Dee, Elliot, additional, Nichols, Hazel, additional, Quintana, Flavio, additional, Fahlman, Andreas, additional, Larsson, Josefin, additional, Scantlebury, D. Michael, additional, and Siebert, Ursula, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Swimming with humans: biotelemetry reveals effects of “gold standard” regulated tourism on whale sharks.
- Author
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Reynolds, Samantha D., Redcliffe, James, Norman, Bradley M., Wilson, Rory P., Holton, Mark, Franklin, Craig E., and Dwyer, Ross G.
- Abstract
AbstractWildlife tourism can benefit conservation of target species, however, it can have detrimental effects on animal behaviour and physiology. Whale shark
Rhincodon typus tourism has seen recent rapid growth globally, but methods and regulations vary widely. Ningaloo Reef, Australia is considered “gold standard” whale shark tourism management due to legal regulation, strict enforcement, and high compliance. Rather than relying on observational data, we used biotelemetry to collect high-resolution data (20 Hz) on whale sharks’ movement behaviour in the presence or absence of tourists. Tourism encounters lasted an average of 62 min and swimming with tourists increased the activity levels of larger (> 7 m) but not smaller sharks. Given that activity levels positively correlate with energetic costs, it is likely the 18% increase seen in activity of large sharks would have incurred additional energetic costs. However, when considered as a proportion of daily energy requirements, these additional costs were only incurred for an average of 4% of a whale shark’s day. The tourism-induced impacts we found on the endangered whale sharks at this highly regulated tourism site would not have been apparent from purely observational studies, highlighting the utility of biotelemetry to quantify tourism-related impacts on wildlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Path tortuosity changes the transport cost paradigm in terrestrial animals
- Author
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Wilson, Rory P., primary, Rose, Kayleigh A. R., additional, Metcalfe, Richard S., additional, Holton, Mark D., additional, Redcliffe, James, additional, Gunner, Richard, additional, Börger, Luca, additional, Loison, Anne, additional, Jezek, Miloš, additional, Painter, Michael S., additional, Silovský, Vaclav, additional, Marks, Nikki, additional, Garel, Mathieu, additional, Toïgo, C., additional, Marchand, Pascal, additional, Bennett, N. C., additional, McNarry, Melitta A., additional, Mackintosh, Kelly A., additional, Brown, M. Rowan, additional, and Scantlebury, D. Michael, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. How Often Should Dead-Reckoned Animal Movement Paths be Corrected for Drift?
- Author
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gunner, Richard Michael, primary, Holton, Mark D, additional, Scantlebury, Mike D, additional, Hopkins, Phil, additional, Shepard, Emily LC, additional, Fell, Adam J, additional, Garde, Baptiste, additional, Quintana, Flavio, additional, Gómez-Laich, Agustina, additional, Yoda, Ken, additional, Yamamoto, Takashi, additional, English, Holly, additional, Ferreira, Sam, additional, Govender, Danny, additional, Viljoen, Pauli, additional, Bruns, Angela, additional, Schalkwyk, O. Louis van, additional, Cole, Nik C, additional, Tatayah, Vikash, additional, Börger, Luca, additional, Redcliffe, James, additional, Bell, Stephen H, additional, Marks, Nikki J, additional, Bennett, Nigel C, additional, Tonini, Mariano H, additional, Williams, Hannah J, additional, Duarte, Carlos M, additional, Rooyen, Martin C van, additional, Bertelsen, Mads F, additional, Tambling, Craig J, additional, and Wilson, Rory P, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Additional file 1 of How often should dead-reckoned animal movement paths be corrected for drift?
- Author
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Gunner, Richard M., Holton, Mark D., Scantlebury, David M., Hopkins, Phil, Shepard, Emily L. C., Fell, Adam J., Garde, Baptiste, Quintana, Flavio, Gómez-Laich, Agustina, Yoda, Ken, Yamamoto, Takashi, English, Holly, Ferreira, Sam, Govender, Danny, Viljoen, Pauli, Bruns, Angela, van Schalkwyk, O. Louis, Cole, Nik C., Tatayah, Vikash, Börger, Luca, Redcliffe, James, Bell, Stephen H., Marks, Nikki J., Bennett, Nigel C., Tonini, Mariano H., Williams, Hannah J., Duarte, Carlos M., van Rooyen, Martin C., Bertelsen, Mads F., Tambling, Craig J., and Wilson, Rory P.
- Abstract
Additional file 1. Supplementary figures and dead-reckoning formulae.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Additional file 1 of Dead-reckoning animal movements in R: a reappraisal using Gundog.Tracks
- Author
-
Gunner, Richard M., Holton, Mark D., Scantlebury, Mike D., van Schalkwyk, O. Louis, English, Holly M., Williams, Hannah J., Hopkins, Phil, Quintana, Flavio, Gómez-Laich, Agustina, Börger, Luca, Redcliffe, James, Yoda, Ken, Yamamoto, Takashi, Ferreira, Sam, Govender, Danny, Viljoen, Pauli, Bruns, Angela, Bell, Stephen H., Marks, Nikki J., Bennett, Nigel C., Tonini, Mariano H., Duarte, Carlos M., van Rooyen, Martin C., Bertelsen, Mads F., Tambling, Craig J., and Wilson, Rory P.
- Abstract
Additional file 1. Methods expanded. Text S1. Device set up and capture protocol. Text S2. The importance of having the correct coordinate system and axis alignment. Text S3. Magnetometer calibration, rotation correction and deriving yaw (heading)—Gundog.Compass() explained. Text S4. Step counts as a distance estimate—Gundog.Peaks() explained. Text S5. Time Data in R (POSIXct). Text S6. VPC dead-reckoning—Gundog.Tracks()—explained.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Dead-Reckoning Animal Movements in R – A Reappraisal Using Gundog.Tracks
- Author
-
Gunner, Richard Michael, primary, Holton, Mark D, additional, Scantlebury, Mike D, additional, Schalkwyk, Louis van, additional, English, Holly M, additional, Williams, Hannah J, additional, Hopkins, Phil, additional, Quintana, Flavio, additional, Gómez-Laich, Agustina, additional, Börger, Luca, additional, Redcliffe, James, additional, Yoda, Ken, additional, Yamamoto, Takashi, additional, Ferreira, Sam, additional, Govender, Danny, additional, Viljoen, Pauli, additional, Bruns, Angela, additional, Bell, Stephen H, additional, Marks, Nikki, additional, Bennet, Nigel C, additional, Tonini, Mariano H, additional, Duarte, Carlos M, additional, Rooyen, Martin C van, additional, Bertelsen, Mads F, additional, Tambling, Craig J, additional, and Wilson, Rory P, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Why did the animal turn? Time‐varying step selection analysis for inference between observed turning‐points in high frequency data
- Author
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Munden, Rhys, primary, Börger, Luca, additional, Wilson, Rory P., additional, Redcliffe, James, additional, Brown, Rowan, additional, Garel, Mathieu, additional, and Potts, Jonathan R., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Why did the animal turn? Time-varying step selection analysis for inference between observed turning points in high frequency data
- Author
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Munden, Rhys, primary, Börger, Luca, additional, Wilson, Rory P., additional, Redcliffe, James, additional, Brown, Rowan, additional, Garel, Mathieu, additional, and Potts, Jonathan R., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Making sense of ultrahigh-resolution movement data: A new algorithm for inferring sites of interest
- Author
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Munden, Rhys, primary, Börger, Luca, additional, Wilson, Rory P., additional, Redcliffe, James, additional, Loison, Anne, additional, Garel, Mathieu, additional, and Potts, Jonathan R., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Making sense of ultrahigh‐resolution movement data: A new algorithm for inferring sites of interest.
- Author
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Munden, Rhys, Börger, Luca, Wilson, Rory P., Redcliffe, James, Loison, Anne, Garel, Mathieu, and Potts, Jonathan R.
- Subjects
ANIMAL behavior ,ECOLOGY ,ANIMAL mechanics ,FORAGING behavior ,MARKOV processes - Abstract
Decomposing the life track of an animal into behavioral segments is a fundamental challenge for movement ecology. The proliferation of high‐resolution data, often collected many times per second, offers much opportunity for understanding animal movement. However, the sheer size of modern data sets means there is an increasing need for rapid, novel computational techniques to make sense of these data. Most existing methods were designed with smaller data sets in mind and can thus be prohibitively slow. Here, we introduce a method for segmenting high‐resolution movement trajectories into sites of interest and transitions between these sites. This builds on a previous algorithm of Benhamou and Riotte‐Lambert (2012). Adapting it for use with high‐resolution data. The data's resolution removed the need to interpolate between successive locations, allowing us to increase the algorithm's speed by approximately two orders of magnitude with essentially no drop in accuracy. Furthermore, we incorporate a color scheme for testing the level of confidence in the algorithm's inference (high = green, medium = amber, low = red). We demonstrate the speed and accuracy of our algorithm with application to both simulated and real data (Alpine cattle at 1 Hz resolution). On simulated data, our algorithm correctly identified the sites of interest for 99% of "high confidence" paths. For the cattle data, the algorithm identified the two known sites of interest: a watering hole and a milking station. It also identified several other sites which can be related to hypothesized environmental drivers (e.g., food). Our algorithm gives an efficient method for turning a long, high‐resolution movement path into a schematic representation of broadscale decisions, allowing a direct link to existing point‐to‐point analysis techniques such as optimal foraging theory. It is encoded into an R package called SitesInterest, so should serve as a valuable tool for making sense of these increasingly large data streams. We have constructed a new method for identifying sites of interest, tailored specifically for use with high resolution data. This allows for a complicated movement trajectory to be simplified into a "Markov chain‐like" description of behavioural choices, highlighting the animal's broadscale decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Synthesis and transformation of cyclic nitrones: new candidates for the inhibition of α-L-fucosidases
- Author
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Redcliffe, James Leo
- Subjects
Fucosidasen , Grignard-Addition ,Fucosidase , Glycosidase-Inhibitors , Nitrones , Bromocyclisation ,Fucosidaseinhibitor , Grignard-Reaktion , Iminozucker , Glykosidasen , Nitrone - Abstract
The main themes of this PhD thesis entailed the synthesis of new candidates for glycosidase inhibition assays. Glycosidases catalyze the degradation (i.e. hydrolytic cleavage or transfer) of glycosidic bonds. The synthesis of suitable, selective inhibitors of glycosidases may be a tool to stop detrimental or disease-related cell processes and may be of therapeutic value. In particular, this work focused on the synthesis of alpha-L-fucosidase inhibitors. We choose to synthesise a library of polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines, bearing extended aglycon side-chains and to investigate the biological properties, i.e the inhibiton against fucosidases, in a systematic manner. The route to these pyrrolidines relied on the halogen-induced cyclisation of unsaturated hydroxylamines, which in turn can be derived from simple carbohydrates, such as D-ribose. The cyclisation leads to the formation of cyclic nitrones which are a class of synthetically versatile compounds. The key nitrone compound with L-lyxo configuration can be transformed in a few steps into actual fucosidase inhibitors, through a Grignard addition (to install the side-chain) followed by a simple reduction/deprotection protocol. This rapidly provided us with a library of polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines bearing several para-substituted aromatic side-chains. Several pyrrolidines as fucosidase inhibitor candidates were active in the low-micromolar range. The best candidates showed inhibition against fucosidase even at concentrations as low as 1.2 nM, resulting in some of the most potent inhibitors in this class currently known in the literature. Further elements of the dissertation involved the synthesis of six-membered nitrones with L-fuco configuration and their elaboration into fucosidase inhibitors (one example), according to a new route developed in this Thesis. This thesis also focused on an investigation of the oxidation selectivity of tri- and tetra-substituted N-hydroxypyrrolidines and, to a lesser extent, the subsequent reactions of the new nitrones that were created. Two oxidation reagents were compared, revealing striking kinetic - though hardly any regioisomeric - differences in the reaction outcomes. Special electronic effects of neighbouring substituents were found, in specific cases, to effect a drastic change in oxidation regioselectivity to provide some surprising results., Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit bestand darin, die Entwicklung neuer Glycosidase Inhibitioren zu synthesieren. Glycosidasen katalysieren den Abbau von glycosidischen Bindungen und spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Herstellung von N-Glykoproteinen. Solche Proteine sind an einer Vielzahl biologisch relevanter Prozesse und krankhafter Veränderungen beteiligt. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften sind diese Verbindungen möglicherweise zur Behandlung von Krankheiten geeignet. In dieser Arbeit wurden gezielt neue Kandidaten für die Hemmung von alpha-L-Fucosidasen ins Visier genommen. Aus einer hervorgegangen Arbeit entpuppte sich bestimmte Pyrrolidine mit L-fuco-ähnlicher Konfiguration als starke Inhibitoren von alpha-L-Fucosidasen, die einen lipophilen Rest mit p-System aufweisen. In dieser Arbeit wurde den Effekt der C-2-Seitenkette systematisch untersucht. Der Weg zu diesen diastereo- und enantiomerenreinen, hochfunktionalisierten Pyrrolidinen war möglich durch brom-induzierte Cyclisierung eines Pentenoseoxims, ausgehend von D-Ribose. Die elektrophile Cyclisierung von Oximen stellte den Schlüsselschritt dar und führte zu den cyclischen Nitronen, bei denen das Pyrrol-1-oxid als Synthesebaustein mit L-lyxo-Konfiguration bevorzugt gebildet wurde. Die Addition von Grignard-Reagenzien an dieses Nitron verlief hoch-diastereoselektiv und lieferte die tetrasubstituierten N-Hydroxypyrrolidine. Durch einfache zweistufige Reduktion und Schutzgruppen-Abspaltung konnten die neuen Pyrrolidin-Polyole erhalten werden, deren biologische Aktivität in Enzymtests evaluiert werden sollte. Auf Grund dieser Ergebnisse sollten Struktur-Wirkungsbeziehungen insbesondere im Hinblick auf Fucosidase-Inhibition formuliert werden. Alle untersuchten Pyrrolidin-Polyole mit para-Substituenten am Phenyl-Ring besaßen starke Aktivität gegenüber alpha-L-Fucosidasen. Für die Stärke der Inhibition ist der Charakter des para-Substituenten von großer Bedeutung. Die stärkste Inhibition im Nanomolar-Bereich wurde mit dem Biphenyl-substituierten Pyrrolidin (Ki = 1.2 nM) erzielt. Ein weiterer Teil dieser Arbeit befasst sich mit der stereoselektiven Synthese von substituierten Piperidinen. In folgenden wurde das benötigte L-fuco-konfigurierte Nitron über eine Bromcyclisierung des Triisopropylsilyl-geschützten Hexenoseoxims dargestellt. Das ungesättigte Oxim war aus D-Lyxose in 8 Schritten gut zugänglich. Die biologische Aktivität dieses Piperdines wurde ebenefalls untersucht. Die Oxidation von tri- bzw. tetra-substituierten N-Hydroxypyrrolidinen wurde mit Mangan(IV)-oxid und Quecksilber(I)-oxid als Oxidations-Reagenzien untersucht. Daraus ist eine neue Klasse von Brommethyl-ketonitronen entstanden, die sich vermutlich als Synthesebausteine verwenden lassen.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Synthese und Transformationen cyclischer Nitrone: Ein Weg zur Herstellung hoch-wirksamer Inhibitoren von α-L-Fucosidase
- Author
-
Redcliffe, James Leo and Jäger, Volker (Prof. Dr.)
- Subjects
+%2C+Grignard-Reaktion+%2C+Iminozucker+%2C+Glykosidasen+%2C+Nitrone%22">Fucosidaseinhibitor ,, Grignard-Reaktion , Iminozucker , Glykosidasen , Nitrone Fucosidasen , Grignard-Addition ,Fucosidase , Glycosidase-Inhibitors , Nitrones , Bromocyclisation - Abstract
The main themes of this PhD thesis entailed the synthesis of new candidates for glycosidase inhibition assays. Glycosidases catalyze the degradation (i.e. hydrolytic cleavage or transfer) of glycosidic bonds. The synthesis of suitable, selective inhibitors of glycosidases may be a tool to stop detrimental or disease-related cell processes and may be of therapeutic value. In particular, this work focused on the synthesis of alpha-L-fucosidase inhibitors. We choose to synthesise a library of polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines, bearing extended aglycon side-chains and to investigate the biological properties, i.e the inhibiton against fucosidases, in a systematic manner. The route to these pyrrolidines relied on the halogen-induced cyclisation of unsaturated hydroxylamines, which in turn can be derived from simple carbohydrates, such as D-ribose. The cyclisation leads to the formation of cyclic nitrones which are a class of synthetically versatile compounds. The key nitrone compound with L-lyxo configuration can be transformed in a few steps into actual fucosidase inhibitors, through a Grignard addition (to install the side-chain) followed by a simple reduction/deprotection protocol. This rapidly provided us with a library of polyhydroxylated pyrrolidines bearing several para-substituted aromatic side-chains. Several pyrrolidines as fucosidase inhibitor candidates were active in the low-micromolar range. The best candidates showed inhibition against fucosidase even at concentrations as low as 1.2 nM, resulting in some of the most potent inhibitors in this class currently known in the literature. Further elements of the dissertation involved the synthesis of six-membered nitrones with L-fuco configuration and their elaboration into fucosidase inhibitors (one example), according to a new route developed in this Thesis. This thesis also focused on an investigation of the oxidation selectivity of tri- and tetra-substituted N-hydroxypyrrolidines and, to a lesser extent, the subsequent reactions of the new nitrones that were created. Two oxidation reagents were compared, revealing striking kinetic - though hardly any regioisomeric - differences in the reaction outcomes. Special electronic effects of neighbouring substituents were found, in specific cases, to effect a drastic change in oxidation regioselectivity to provide some surprising results., Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit bestand darin, die Entwicklung neuer Glycosidase Inhibitioren zu synthesieren. Glycosidasen katalysieren den Abbau von glycosidischen Bindungen und spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Herstellung von N-Glykoproteinen. Solche Proteine sind an einer Vielzahl biologisch relevanter Prozesse und krankhafter Veränderungen beteiligt. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaften sind diese Verbindungen möglicherweise zur Behandlung von Krankheiten geeignet. In dieser Arbeit wurden gezielt neue Kandidaten für die Hemmung von alpha-L-Fucosidasen ins Visier genommen. Aus einer hervorgegangen Arbeit entpuppte sich bestimmte Pyrrolidine mit L-fuco-ähnlicher Konfiguration als starke Inhibitoren von alpha-L-Fucosidasen, die einen lipophilen Rest mit p-System aufweisen. In dieser Arbeit wurde den Effekt der C-2-Seitenkette systematisch untersucht. Der Weg zu diesen diastereo- und enantiomerenreinen, hochfunktionalisierten Pyrrolidinen war möglich durch brom-induzierte Cyclisierung eines Pentenoseoxims, ausgehend von D-Ribose. Die elektrophile Cyclisierung von Oximen stellte den Schlüsselschritt dar und führte zu den cyclischen Nitronen, bei denen das Pyrrol-1-oxid als Synthesebaustein mit L-lyxo-Konfiguration bevorzugt gebildet wurde. Die Addition von Grignard-Reagenzien an dieses Nitron verlief hoch-diastereoselektiv und lieferte die tetrasubstituierten N-Hydroxypyrrolidine. Durch einfache zweistufige Reduktion und Schutzgruppen-Abspaltung konnten die neuen Pyrrolidin-Polyole erhalten werden, deren biologische Aktivität in Enzymtests evaluiert werden sollte. Auf Grund dieser Ergebnisse sollten Struktur-Wirkungsbeziehungen insbesondere im Hinblick auf Fucosidase-Inhibition formuliert werden. Alle untersuchten Pyrrolidin-Polyole mit para-Substituenten am Phenyl-Ring besaßen starke Aktivität gegenüber alpha-L-Fucosidasen. Für die Stärke der Inhibition ist der Charakter des para-Substituenten von großer Bedeutung. Die stärkste Inhibition im Nanomolar-Bereich wurde mit dem Biphenyl-substituierten Pyrrolidin (Ki = 1.2 nM) erzielt. Ein weiterer Teil dieser Arbeit befasst sich mit der stereoselektiven Synthese von substituierten Piperidinen. In folgenden wurde das benötigte L-fuco-konfigurierte Nitron über eine Bromcyclisierung des Triisopropylsilyl-geschützten Hexenoseoxims dargestellt. Das ungesättigte Oxim war aus D-Lyxose in 8 Schritten gut zugänglich. Die biologische Aktivität dieses Piperdines wurde ebenefalls untersucht. Die Oxidation von tri- bzw. tetra-substituierten N-Hydroxypyrrolidinen wurde mit Mangan(IV)-oxid und Quecksilber(I)-oxid als Oxidations-Reagenzien untersucht. Daraus ist eine neue Klasse von Brommethyl-ketonitronen entstanden, die sich vermutlich als Synthesebausteine verwenden lassen.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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