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10 results on '"Reflectance spectra measurements"'

1. Dwarf planet (1) Ceres surface bluing due to high porosity resulting from sublimation

Author

S. Potin, Bernard Schmitt, Maria Cristina De Sanctis, Simone De Angelis, M. Ferrari, Robin Sultana, Olivier Poch, Pierre Beck, Stefan Schröder, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), Italian Space Agency (ASI) through grant ASI I/004/12/2, European Project: 654208,Europlanet-2020 RI, European Project: ERC-CoG2017-771691,SOLARYS, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, Dwarf planet, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], General Physics and Astronomy, Color, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bluing, Article, Astrobiology, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Impact crater, 0103 physical sciences, Spectral slope, Highly porous, Planetary science, phyllosilicates, Porosity, Ejecta, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multidisciplinary, General Chemistry, Mineralogy, Dawn mission, 13. Climate action, Reflectance spectra measurements, highly porous, sublimation residue, Ceres, Sublimation (phase transition), Asteroids, comets and Kuiper belt, Geology
Abstract

The Dawn mission found that the dominant colour variation on the surface of dwarf planet Ceres is a change of the visible spectral slope, where fresh impact craters are surrounded by blue (negative spectral-sloped) ejecta. The origin of this colour variation is still a mystery. Here we investigate a scenario in which an impact mixes the phyllosilicates present on the surface of Ceres with the water ice just below. In our experiment, Ceres analogue material is suspended in liquid water to create intimately mixed ice particles, which are sublimated under conditions approximating those on Ceres. The sublimation residue has a highly porous, foam-like structure made of phyllosilicates that scattered light in similar blue fashion as the Ceres surface. Our experiment provides a mechanism for the blue colour of fresh craters that can naturally emerge from the Ceres environment., The origin of blue ejecta around the fresh craters of dwarf planet Ceres is unknown. Here, the authors show that the blue color results from high porosity of the surface, induced by sublimation of ice-phyllosilicate mixture produced by impacts.

Published
2021
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2. Low-phase spectral reflectance and equivalent geometric albedo of meteorites powders

Author

Bernard Schmitt, S. Potin, Pierre Beck, Antoine Pommerol, Olivier Brissaud, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Physikalisches Institute, Universität Bern (UNIBE)

Subjects
Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mineralogy, FOS: Physical sciences, geometric albedo, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, meteorites, Petrography, Ordinary chondrites, Chondrite, Geometric albedo, 0103 physical sciences, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Carbonaceous chondrites, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 520 Astronomy, Phase angle, Astronomy and Astrophysics, HED meteorites, 620 Engineering, Meteorite, Space and Planetary Science, Asteroid, Reflectance spectra measurements, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; Generally, the reflectance of a particulate surface depends on the phase angle at which it is observed. This is true for laboratory measurements on powders of natural materials as well as remote observations of Solar System surfaces. Here, we measured the dependences of reflectance spectra with phase angles, of a suite of 72 meteorites in the 400–2600 nm range. The 10–30◦ phase angle range is investigated in order to study the contribution of Shadow Hiding Opposition Effect (SHOE) to the phase behavior. The behavior is then extrapolated to phase angle of 0◦ using a polynomial fit, in order to provide grounds for comparison across meteorite groups (enabling to remove the contribution of shadows to reflectance) as well as to provide “equivalent albedo” values that should be comparable to geometric albedo values derived for small bodies. We find a general behavior of increasing strength of the SHOE with lower reflectance values (whether between samples or for a given samples with absorption features). This trend provides a first order way to correct any reflectance spectra of meteorite powders measured under standard conditions (g = 30◦) from the contribution of shadows. The g = 0◦ calculated reflectance and equivalent albedos are then compared to typical values of albedos for main-belt asteroids. This reveals that among carbonaceous chondrites only Tagish Lake group, CI, and CM chondrites have equivalent albedo compatible with C- and D-type asteroids. On the other hand equivalent albedo derived with CO, CR and CK chondrites are compatible with L- and K-type asteroids. The equivalent albedo derived for ordinary chondrites is related to petrographic types, with low-grade petrographic type (type 3.6 and less) being generally darker that higher petrographic types. This works provides a framework for further understanding of the asteroids meteorite linkage in particular when combining with colors and spectroscopy.

Published
2020
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3. Mineralogy, chemistry, and composition of organic compounds in the fresh carbonaceous chondrite Mukundpura: CM1 or CM2?

Author

A. Agranier, P. Beck, S. Potin, A. K. Malik, Bernard Schmitt, A. Garenne, Lydie Bonal, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Frédéric Moynier, Eric Quirico, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Punjabi University, Department of Chemistry, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Mineralogy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Parent body, carbonaceous chondrite, symbols.namesake, Chondrite, 0103 physical sciences, Organic matter, Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Thermogravimetry, Geophysics, Meteorite, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Reflectance spectra measurements, Carbonaceous chondrite, symbols, Raman spectroscopy, Mukundpura, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; We present here several laboratory analyses performed on the freshly fallen Mukundpura CM chondrite. Results of infrared transmission spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis and reflectance spectroscopy show that Mukundpura is mainly composed of phyllosilicates. The rare earth trace elements composition and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry of the soluble organic matter (SOM) give results consistent with CM chondrites. Finally, Raman spectroscopy shows no signs of thermal alteration of the meteorite. All the results agree that Mukundpura has been strongly altered by water on its parent body. Comparison of the results obtained on the meteorite with those of other chondrites of known petrologic types lead to the conclusion that Mukundpura is similar to CM1 chondrites, which differs from its original classification as a CM2.

Published
2020
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4. Some things special about NEAs: Geometric and environmental effects on the optical signatures of hydration

Author

Bernard Schmitt, S. Potin, P. Beck, Frédéric Moynier, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) (IRS IDEX/UGA), Centre National d’Études Spatiales (CNES), ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010), European Project: 771691,SOLARYS, European Project: 654208,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EPN2020-RI(2015), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McDonnell Center for Space Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, Université Grenoble Alpes, SOLARYS ERC-CoG2017_771691, H2020 European Research Council, Labex OSUG@2020, ANR10 LABX56, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, 654208, Horizon 2020 Framework Program, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG ), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mineralogy, FOS: Physical sciences, Surface finish, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, carbonaceous chondrite, Chondrite, 0103 physical sciences, Spectral slope, Surface roughness, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Mukundpura CM2 chondrite, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Regolith, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Asteroid, Reflectance spectra measurements, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; Here were report on a laboratory study aiming to reproduce specificities of near-Earth Asteroid. We study how the elevated surface temperature, their surface roughness (rock or regolith), as well as observation geometry can affect the absorption features detected on asteroids. For that purpose, we selected a recent carbonaceous chondrite fall, the Mukundpura CM2 chondrite which fell in India in June 2017. Bidirectional reflectance spectroscopy was performed to analyze the effect of the geometrical configuration (incidence, emergence and azimuth angle) on the measurement. Our results show that reflectance spectra obtained under warm environment (NEA-like) tends to show shallower absorption bands compared to low-temperature conditions (MBA-like), but still detectable in our experiments under laboratory timescales. Irreversible alteration of the sample because of the warm environment (from room temperature to 250°C) has been detected as an increase of the spectral slope and a decrease of the band depths (at 0.7{\mu}m, 0.9{\mu}m and 2.7{\mu}m). Comparing the meteoritic chip and the powdered sample, we found that surface texture strongly affects the shape of the reflectance spectra of meteorites and thus of asteroids, where a dust-covered surface presents deeper absorption features. We found that all spectral parameters, such as the reflectance value, spectral slope and possible absorption bands are affected by the geometry of measurement. We observed the disappearance of the 0.7 {\mu}m absorption feature at phase angle larger than 120°, but the 3{\mu}m band remains detectable on all measured spectra.

Published
2019
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5. NIR reflectance spectroscopy of hydrated and anhydrous sodium carbonates at different temperatures

Author

M. C. De Sanctis, P. Beck, S. Potin, S. De Angelis, Giuseppe Piccioni, Bernard Schmitt, Federico Tosi, Cristian Carli, Olivier Brissaud, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Italian Space Agency (ASI), Centre National d'Etude Spatiale (CNES), European Project: 654208,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EPN2020-RI(2015), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica - Roma (IASF-Roma), ITA, and FRA

Subjects
natron, Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, sodium carbonates, infrared spectra, Analytical chemistry, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Infrared spectroscopy, low temperature, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Europa satellite, 0103 physical sciences, carbonate salts, Spectroscopy, Enceladus, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Natron, Ceres asteroid, Astronomy and Astrophysics, minerals, Thermonatrite, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Reflectance spectra measurements, thermonatrite, Anhydrous, Carbonate, Sodium carbonate, natrite
Abstract

Recent space-based observations have revealed or suggested the existence of various types of carbonate salts in several Solar System bodies, such as Mars, Ceres, Enceladus, and Europa. Natrite is the main component of the crater Occator's faculae observed in detail by the Dawn spacecraft on the dwarf planet Ceres. Sodium carbonates are thought to form as precipitates in brines, originating in aqueous environments in the subsurface of Ceres and icy bodies. Here we report about near-infrared (0.8-4.2 μm) reflectance spectroscopic investigations on three compounds, namely natrite (anhydrous Na2CO3), monohydrated sodium carbonate (Na2CO3∙H2O, thermonatrite) and decahydrate sodium carbonate (Na2CO3∙10H2O, natron). Spectral measurements have been carried out in the overall temperature range 93-279 K, representative of planetary surfaces. The analysis of diagnostic spectral signatures shows different temperature-dependent trends for several band parameters, as well as different behavior as a function of the grain size for a given temperature. While spectra of natrite are characterized by several CO3 absorptions, broad and strong absorption features due to H2O dominate the spectra of heavily hydrated natron. The intermediate sample (monohydrated) shows multiple bands due to the overlap of CO3 and H2O vibrational modes. Our temperature-dependent laboratory spectra are compared with Dawn-VIR spectra of Ceres and with Galileo-NIMS spectra of Europa.

Published
2019
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6. Temperature-dependent VNIR spectroscopy of hydrated Mg-sulfates

Author

Bernard Schmitt, Fabrizio Capaccioni, Federico Tosi, P. G. Beck, Cristian Carli, T. Di Iorio, S. De Angelis, Giuseppe Piccioni, M. C. De Sanctis, S. Philippe, Di Iorio, T., Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), ASI, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Programme National de Planétologie (CNRS/INSU), ITA, and FRA

Subjects
Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared, Epsomite, infrared spectra, Analytical chemistry, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Sulfates, Mars, JUICE, VNIR spectroscopy, Europe, low temperature, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, epsomite, 0103 physical sciences, hydrated magnesium sulfates, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Mineral hydration, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atmospheric temperature range, minerals, Sulfate, VNIR, Mar, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Reflectance spectra measurements, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], hexahydrite
Abstract

We investigate two poly-hydrated magnesium sulfates, hexahydrite (MgSO4 · 6H2O) and epsomite (MgSO4 · 7H2O), in the visible and infrared (VNIR) spectral range 0.5/4.0 μm, as particulate for three different grain size ranges: 20-50 μm, 75-100 μm and 125-150 μm. All samples were measured in the 93-298 K temperature range. The spectra of these hydrated salts are characterized by strong OH absorption bands in the 1.0-1.5 μm region, and by H2O absorption bands near 2 and 3 μm. Other weak features show up at low temperatures near 1.75 μm (in both hexahydrite and epsomite) and 2.2 μm (only in hexahydrite). The spectral behavior of the absorption bands of these two minerals has been analyzed as a function of both grain size and temperature, deriving trends related to specific spectral parameters such as band center, band depth, band area, and band width. Hydrated minerals, in particular mono- and poly-hydrated sulfates, are present in planetary objects such as Mars and the icy Galilean satellites. Safe detection of these minerals shall rely on detailed laboratory investigation of these materials in different environmental conditions. Hence an accurate spectral analysis of such minerals as a function of temperature is key to better understand and constrain future observations.

Published
2017
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7. Local reflectance spectra measurements of surfaces using coherence scanning interferometry

Author

Denis Montaner, Paul Montgomery, Manuel Flury, Rémy Claveau, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SPI.OTHER]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Other, Spectral signature, Materials science, Spectrometer, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Linnik interferometer, reflectance spectra measurements, 01 natural sciences, Optical spectrometer, Interference microscopy, law.invention, 010309 optics, Interferometry, coherence scanning interferometry, Optics, White light scanner, law, 0103 physical sciences, Coherence scanning interferometry, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Interference microscopy is a widely used technique in optical metrology for the characterization of materials and in particular for measuring the micro and nanotopography of surfaces. Depending on the processing applied to the interference signal, either topographic analysis of the sample can be carried out by identifying the envelope peak of the fringe signal, which leads to 3D surface imaging, or spectral analysis may be performed which gives spectroscopic measurements. By applying a Fourier transform to the interference fringes, information about the source spectrum, the spectral response of the optical system, and the reflectance spectrum of the surface at the origin of the interferogram can be obtained. By using a sample of known reflectivity for calibration, it is possible to extract the spectral signature of the entire system and therefore to deduce that of the surface of interest. In this paper, we first explain theoretically how to retrieve the reflectance information of a surface from the interferometric signal. Then, we present some results obtained by this means with a white light scanning Linnik interferometer on different kinds of samples (silicon, tin oxide (SnO2), indium tin oxide (ITO)). The initial results were slightly different from those obtained with a conventional optical spectrometer until averaged temporally and were improved even further when averaged spatially. We show that the reflectance of the surface can be calculated over the given wavelength range of the effective spectrum, which is defined as the source spectrum multiplied by the spectral response of the camera and the spectral transmissivity of the optical system. We thus demonstrate that local spectroscopic measurements can be carried out with an interference microscope and that they match well with those measured with an optical spectrometer model Lambda19 UV-VIS-NIR from Perkin Elmer. A simulation study is also presented in order to validate the method and to help identify the potential sources of errors in the spectroscopic analysis.

Published
2016
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8. Temperature-dependent, VIS-NIR reflectance spectroscopy of sodium sulfates

Author

Cristian Carli, O. Brissaud, Pierre Beck, Federico Tosi, M. C. De Sanctis, Fabrizio Capaccioni, S. Potin, Bernard Schmitt, S. De Angelis, Giuseppe Piccioni, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National d’Etude Spatiale (CNES), Italian Space Agency (ASI), ASI-INAF grant 2013-056-R.O, European Project: 654208,Europlanet-2020 RI, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France

Subjects
Thenardite, mirabilite, Materials science, Mirabilite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sodium, infrared spectra, Analytical chemistry, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], chemistry.chemical_element, Infrared spectroscopy, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, 0103 physical sciences, Sodium sulfate, Sulfate, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, thénardite, Astronomy and Astrophysics, minerals, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Reflectance spectra measurements, Hydrated sodium sulfates
Abstract

in press; International audience; Hydrated sodium sulfates have been suggested to be present in variable amounts in Solar System objects such as Mars and Europa, among the possible others. The presence of these hydrated species is related to current/past aqueous environments, thus has an importance regarding the potential habitability of planetary objects. In this study, we analyzed anhydrous sodium sulfate (thénardite) and the hydrated sodium sulfate (mirabilite) by means of visible-infrared reflectance spectroscopy in the 0.4–5 μm spectral range, at different low temperatures between 80 and 298 K. Each mineral has been analyzed in three different grain sizes, between 36 and 150 μm. The anhydrous compound, thénardite, is characterized by a nearly flat spectrum in the visible and near IR up to 2.6 μm, while in the 3–4 μm region, the spectrum shows a few weak features due to H2O and SO_4^2- overtones/combinations. The first strong SO_4^2- overtone is visible at 4.6 μm. Spectra of mirabilite are substantially characterized by H2O absorption features in the 1–3 μm region, and by sulfate overtone/combination bands occurring at 3.8 and 4.7 μm. A weak feature appearing at 2.18 μm is also putatively attributed to the sulfate ion. The bands show changes as a function of temperature. The hydration absorption features in mirabilite show the strongest dependence with temperature, both in terms of shift in position and change of spectral shape. Bands at 3.1–3.24 μm in th´enardite, as well as absorption features located at 1.78 and 2.47 μm in mirabilite, could be used as diagnostic proxies for the detection of these two minerals on planetary bodies.

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9. A model of the 3-μm hydration band with Exponentially Modified Gaussian (EMG) profiles: Application to hydrated chondrites and asteroids

Author

Bernard Schmitt, S. Potin, S. Manigand, Cédric Wolters, Pierre Beck, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and OSUG@2020 Labex (Grant ANR10LABX56), Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES)

Subjects
Polynomial, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Gaussian, smectite, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Rendering (computer graphics), symbols.namesake, Exponential growth, Chondrite, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Exponentially Modified Gaussian (EMG), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 3-μm hydration band, Computational physics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Space and Planetary Science, Asteroid, Absorption band, Reflectance spectra measurements, symbols, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present here a new method to model the shape of the 3-{\mu}m absorption band in the reflectance spectra of meteorites and small bodies. The band is decomposed into several OH/H2O components using Exponentially Modified Gaussian (EMG) profiles, as well as possible organic components using Gaussian profiles when present. We compare this model to polynomial and multiple Gaussian profile fits and show that the EMGs model returns the best rendering of the shape of the band, with significantly lower residuals. We also propose as an example an algorithm to estimate the error on the band parameters using a bootstrap method. We then present an application of the model to two spectral analyses of smectites subjected to different H2O vapor pressures, and present the variations of the components with decreasing humidity. This example emphasizes the ability of this model to coherently retrieve weak bands that are hidden within much stronger ones., Comment: Accepted in Icarus

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10. Spectral investigation of Ceres analogue mixtures: In-depth analysis of crater central peak material (ccp) on Ceres

Author

Andrea Longobardo, Bernard Schmitt, Ernesto Palomba, Fabrizio Dirri, A. Galiano, Pierre Beck, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Opacity, Dwarf planet, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Mineralogy, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Space weathering, NH4-phyllosilicates, Spectral line, Mg-phyllosilicates, Impact crater, 0103 physical sciences, Spectral slope, Mg/Ca-carbonates, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Grain size, Wavelength, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Reflectance spectra measurements, Ceres, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

International audience; The dwarf planet Ceres is an airless body composed of Mg-phyllosilicates, NH4-phyllosilicates, Mg/Ca-carbonates and a dark component. The subsurface of Ceres, investigated by the material composing the peak of complex craters (ccp, crater central peak material; Galiano et al., 2019), reveals a composition similar to the surface, with an increasing abundance of phyllosilicates in the interior. A moderate trend between age of craters’ formation and spectral slope of ccps suggests that younger ccps show a negative/blue slope and older ccps are characterized by positive/red slope. To investigate the causes of different spectral slope in ccps, different grain-sized Ceres analogue mixtures were produced and spectrally analysed. First, the end-members of the Ceres surface (using the antigorite as Mg-phyllosilicate, the NH4-montmorillonite as NH4-phyllosilicate, the dolomite as carbonate and the graphite as dark component), were mixed, obtaining mixtures with different relative abundance, and identifying the mixture with the reflectance spectrum most similar to the average Ceres spectrum. The selected mixture was reproduced with grain size of 0–25 μm, 25–50 μm and 50–100 μm. The three mixtures were heated and spectrally analysed, both with an acquisition temperature of 300 K (room temperature) and 200 K (typical for surface Ceres temperature during VIR observations). The best analogue Ceres spectrum is coincident with a mixture composed of 18 M% (mass percentage) of Dolomite, 18 M% of Graphite, 36 M% of Antigorite and 28 M% of NH4-montmorillonite, after experiencing a heating process. The heating process produces: 1) a darkening and reddening of spectrum, as consequence of the devolatilization of OH group in phyllosilicates and a more dominant effect of opaque phase; 2) a deepening in the intensity of the 3.4 and 4.0 μm band, as well as the 2.7 and the 3.1 μm band, likely due to the loss of absorbed atmospheric water; 3) narrowing of 3.1 μm band and the shift of band center toward longer wavelength (i.e. at 3.06 μm) coincident with mean Ceres spectrum, related to the loss of absorbed atmospheric water. The analysis of the best Ceres analogue mixture, reproduced at different grain size and after heating process, reveals a weakening of 2.7, 3.1, 3.4 and 4.0 absorption bands in coarser samples, likely related to large size of dark grains which reduce the spectral contrast. Furthermore, spectra of coarser mixtures are more red-sloped, suggesting that this trend is more affected by the dark component. The best analogue Ceres mixture produced in this work is almost coincident with the mean spectrum of Haulani ccp, the youngest ccps on Ceres and therefore representative of less altered material on Ceres. The redder spectral slope observed in the older ccps is probably the consequence of the space weathering effects on the original material composing the peak.

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