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6. Market Power and Long-term Gas Contracts: The Case of Gazprom in Central and Eastern European Gas Markets

Author

Chyong, Chi Kong, Reiner, David M., and Aggarwal, Dhruvak

Subjects
Liquefied natural gas -- Economic aspects, Gas industry -- Economic aspects, Business, Economics, Petroleum, energy and mining industries
Abstract

We explore a major European competition decision, the 2012-18 Gazprom case, using a global gas market simulation model. We find that access to LNG markets alone is insufficient to counterbalance Gazprom's strategic behaviour; central and eastern Europe (CEE) needs to be well interconnected with bidirectional flow capability. 'Swap deals' created by the decision facilitate CEE market integration, while limiting Gazprom's potential market power. Such deals may increase the diversity of contracted gas and number of market players, but do not improve physical supply diversity. In the next five years, swap deals could marginally impact negatively the utilization of strategic assets in CEE, but since Gazprom's commitments expire by mid-2026, utilization of these strategic assets may fall considerably, especially if Gazprom withholds supplies. As an unintended consequence, CEE markets may disintegrate from the rest of Europe. Avoiding such outcomes will require further gas market reforms, particularly, market design for gas transportation. Keywords: Gazprom; European Commission, Market Power; Natural Gas; Security of Supply; Competition; Long-term contracts; Swap deals., 1. INTRODUCTION Healthy energy markets hinge on effective competition rules and, critically, on how those rules are implemented. From the early 2000s onwards, the Directorate-General for Competition (DG COMP) of [...]

Published
2023
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17. Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward

Author

Bui, Mai, Adjiman, Claire S, Bardow, André, Anthony, Edward J, Boston, Andy, Brown, Solomon, Fennell, Paul S, Fuss, Sabine, Galindo, Amparo, Hackett, Leigh A, Hallett, Jason P, Herzog, Howard J, Jackson, George, Kemper, Jasmin, Krevor, Samuel, Maitland, Geoffrey C, Matuszewski, Michael, Metcalfe, Ian S, Petit, Camille, Puxty, Graeme, Reimer, Jeffrey, Reiner, David M, Rubin, Edward S, Scott, Stuart A, Shah, Nilay, Smit, Berend, Trusler, JP Martin, Webley, Paul, Wilcox, Jennifer, and Mac Dowell, Niall

Subjects
Climate Action, Energy
Abstract

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is broadly recognised as having the potential to play a key role in meeting climate change targets, delivering low carbon heat and power, decarbonising industry and, more recently, its ability to facilitate the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, despite this broad consensus and its technical maturity, CCS has not yet been deployed on a scale commensurate with the ambitions articulated a decade ago. Thus, in this paper we review the current state-of-the-art of CO2 capture, transport, utilisation and storage from a multi-scale perspective, moving from the global to molecular scales. In light of the COP21 commitments to limit warming to less than 2 °C, we extend the remit of this study to include the key negative emissions technologies (NETs) of bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), and direct air capture (DAC). Cognisant of the non-technical barriers to deploying CCS, we reflect on recent experience from the UK's CCS commercialisation programme and consider the commercial and political barriers to the large-scale deployment of CCS. In all areas, we focus on identifying and clearly articulating the key research challenges that could usefully be addressed in the coming decade.

Published
2018

43. A comparison of techniques used to collect informed public opinions about CCS: Opinion quality after focus group discussions versus information-choice questionnaires

Author

ter Mors, Emma, Terwel, Bart W., Daamen, Dancker D.L., Reiner, David M., Schumann, Diana, Anghel, Sorin, Boulouta, Ioanna, Cismaru, Diana M., Constantin, Carmencita, de Jager, Chris C.H., Dudu, Alexandra, Esken, Andrea, Falup, Oana C., Firth, Rebecca M., Gemeni, Vassiliki, Hendriks, Chris, Ivan, Loredana, Koukouzas, Nikolaos, Markos, Angelos, Næss, Robert, Pietzner, Katja, Samoila, Irene R., Sava, Constantin S., Stephenson, Michael H., Tomescu, Claudia E., Torvatn, Hans Y., Tvedt, Sturle D., Vallentin, Daniel, West, Julia M., and Ziogou, Fotini

Published
2013
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45. Market Power and Long-term Gas Contracts: The Case of Gazprom in Central and Eastern European Gas Markets.

Author

Chi Kong Chyong, Reiner, David M., and Aggarwal, Dhruvak

Subjects
*MARKET power, *MARKET potential, *EXPORT marketing, *CONTRACTS, *MARKETING models
Abstract

We explore a major European competition decision, the 2012-18 Gazprom case, using a global gas market simulation model. We find that access to LNG markets alone is insufficient to counterbalance Gazprom's strategic behaviour; central and eastern Europe (CEE) needs to be well interconnected with bidirectional flow capability. 'Swap deals' created by the decision facilitate CEE market integration, while limiting Gazprom's potential market power. Such deals may increase the diversity of contracted gas and number of market players, but do not improve physical supply diversity. In the next five years, swap deals could marginally impact negatively the utilization of strategic assets in CEE, but since Gazprom's commitments expire by mid-2026, utilization of these strategic assets may fall considerably, especially if Gazprom withholds supplies. As an unintended consequence, CEE markets may disintegrate from the rest of Europe. Avoiding such outcomes will require further gas market reforms, particularly, market design for gas transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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47. Public awareness and perceptions of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS): Insights from surveys administered to representative samples in six European countries

Author

Pietzner, Katja, Schumann, Diana, Tvedt, Sturle D., Torvatn, Hans Y., Næss, Robert, Reiner, David M., Anghel, Sorin, Cismaru, Diana, Constantin, Carmencita, Daamen, Dancker D.L., Dudu, Alexandra, Esken, Andrea, Gemeni, Vassiliki, Ivan, Loredana, Koukouzas, Nikolaos, Kristiansen, Glenn, Markos, Angelos, ter Mors, Emma, Nihfidov, Oana C., Papadimitriou, John, Samoila, Irene R., Sava, Constantin S., Stephenson, Mike H., Terwel, Bart W., Tomescu, Claudia E., and Ziogou, Fotini

Published
2011
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48. Scrutinizing the impact of CCS communication on opinion quality: Focus group discussions versus Information-Choice Questionnaires: Results from experimental research in six countries

Author

Daamen, Dancker D.L., Terwel, Bart W., Mors, Emma ter, Reiner, David M., Schumann, Diana, Anghel, Sorin, Boulouta, Ioanna, Cismaru, Diana M., Constantin, Carmencita, de Jager, Chris C.H., Dudu, Alexandra, Firth, Rebecca M., Gemeni, Vassiliki, Hendriks, Chris, Koukouzas, Nikolaos, Markos, Angelos, Næss, Robert, Nihfidov, Oana C., Pietzner, Katja, Samoila, Irene R., Sava, Constantin S., Stephenson, Mike H., Tomescu, Claudia E., Torvatn, Hans Y., Tvedt, Sturle D., Vallentin, Daniel, West, Julia M., and Ziogou, Fotini

Published
2011
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49. The hydrogen economy: A pragmatic path forward

Author

Mac Dowell, Niall, primary, Sunny, Nixon, additional, Brandon, Nigel, additional, Herzog, Howard, additional, Ku, Anthony Y., additional, Maas, Wilfried, additional, Ramirez, Andrea, additional, Reiner, David M., additional, Sant, Gaurav N., additional, and Shah, Nilay, additional

Published
2021
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