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Colliders are essential research tools for particle physics. Numerous future collider proposal were discussed in the course of the US high energy physics community strategic planning exercise Snowmass'21. The Implementation Task Force (ITF) has been established to evaluate the proposed future accelerator projects for performance, technology readiness, schedule, cost, and environmental impact. Corresponding metrics has been developed for uniform comparison of the proposals ranging from Higgs/EW factories to multi-TeV lepton, hadron and ep collider facilities, based on traditional and advanced acceleration technologies. This article describes the metrics and approaches, and presents evaluations of future colliders performed by the ITF.

The Snowmass 2021 Implementation Task Force has been established to evaluate the proposed future accelerator projects for performance, technology readiness, schedule, cost, and environmental impact. Corresponding metrics has been developed for uniform comparison of the proposals ranging from Higgs/EW factories to multi-TeV lepton, hadron and ep collider facilities, based on traditional and advanced acceleration technologies. This report documents the metrics and processes, and presents evaluations of future colliders performed by Implementation Task Force., Comment: 68 pages; Submitted to the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)

4th European Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop, EAAC19, Isola d'Elba, Italy, 15 Sep 2019 - 20 Sep 2019; Journal of physics / Conference Series 1596, 012036 (2020). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1596/1/012036, The accelerator R&D facility SINBAD (Short Innovative Bunches and Accelerators at DESY) will drive multiple independent experiments in the fields of production of ultra-short electron bunches and tests of advanced high gradient acceleration concepts.The SINBAD-ARES (Accelerator Research Experiment at SINBAD) linac has been designed to allow the production of high brightness ultra-short electron bunches with excellent arrival-time stability. The accelerator will be used to study experimentally the optimization of the brightness for fs long electron bunches. Such electron bunches, with tunable characteristics, will be then injected into novel accelerators realized in the context of the ATHENA project, the ACHIP international collaboration and the ARIES program. In this paper we describe the principal characteristics of the linac design, we underline the technical challenges connected to the production and characterization of fs bunches and we report on the status of the installation and commissioning., Published by IOP Publ., Bristol

13th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, SRI2018, Taipei, Taiwan, 10 Jun 2018 - 15 Jun 2018; AIP conference proceedings 2054(1), 030002 (2019). doi:10.1063/1.5084565, At DESY the Synchrotron Light Source PETRA III offers scientists outstanding opportunities for experiments with hard X-rays of exceptionally high brilliance since 2009. Research activities have been started to upgrade PETRA III to the ultra-low emittance source PETRA IV, which will be diffraction limited up to the hard X-ray range. Therefore the future light source PETRA IV will be ideal for 3D X-ray microscopy of biological, chemical, and physical processes under realistic conditions at length scales from atomic dimensions to millimeters. The lattice design is aiming for a horizontal emittance in the range between 10 pm rad and 30 pm rad at a beam energy of 6 GeV. Presently, two different approaches are considered for the lattice design: a design based on a hybrid multibend achromat with an interleaved sextupole configuration based on the ESRF-EBS design, and a lattice with a double non-interleaved sextupole configuration. The current status of the design activities is reported including the injector and several technical aspects., Published by AIP, Melville, NY

2nd European Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop 2015, EAAC 2015, La Biodola, Elba, Italy, 13 Sep 2015 - 19 Sep 2015 ; Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 829, 278 - 283(2016). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.03.041, The SINBAD facility(Short and INnovative Bunches and Accelerators at Desy)is foreseen to host various experiments in the field of production of ultra-short electron bunches and novel high gradient acceleration techniques. Besides studying novel acceleration techniques aiming to produce high brightness short electron bunches, the ARD group at DESY is working on the design of a conventional RF accelerator that will allow the production of low charge (0.5pC – fewpC) ultra-short electron bunches (having full width half maximum, FWHM, length r 1 fs – fewfs). The setup will allow the direct experimental comparison of the performance achievable by using different compression techniques (velocity bunching, magnetic compression, hybrid compression schemes). At a later stage the SINBAD linac will be used to inject such electron bunches into a laser driven Plasma Wakefield Accelerator,which imposes strong requirements on parameters such as the arrival time jitter and the pointing stability of the beam. In this paper we review the compression techniques that are foreseen at SINBAD and we underline the differences in terms of peak current, beam quality and arrival time stability., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam

This summary provides a brief overview of the presentations and discussions during the sessions of working group 3 at the EAAC2019 workshop.

Physical review accelerators and beams 21(5), 051601 (2018). doi:10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.21.051601, A conceptual design and performance of a round beam lattice for synchrotron light sources based on the phase space exchange principle and the noninterleaved sextupole distribution is presented. Optics design is performed for an approximately 30 pm emittance 6 GeV machine of 2300 m circumference which combines cells with and without straight sections for the insertion devices., Published by American Physical Society, College Park, MD

Journal of synchrotron radiation 25(5), 1277 - 1290 (2018). doi:10.1107/S1600577518008858, The PETRA IV project aims at upgrading the present synchrotron radiation source PETRA III at DESY into an ultralow-emittance source. Being diffraction limited up to X-rays of about 10 keV, PETRA IV will be ideal for three-dimensional X-ray microscopy of biological, chemical and physical processes under realistic conditions at length scales from atomic dimensions to millimetres and time scales down to the sub-nanosecond regime. In this way, it will enable groundbreaking studies in many fields of science and industry, such as health, energy, earth and environment, mobility and information technology. The science case is reviewed and the current state of the conceptual design is summarized, discussing a reference lattice, a hybrid multi-bend achromat with an interleaved sextupole configuration based on the ESRF-EBS design, in more detail as well as alternative lattice concepts., Published by IUCr, Chester

2nd European Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop, EAAC2015, La Biodola, Isola d'Elba, Italy, 13 Sep 2015 - 19 Sep 2015; Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 829, 233-236 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2016.01.067, The SINBAD facility (Short INnovative Bunches and Accelerators at DESY) is a long-term dedicated accelerator research and development facility currently under construction at DESY. It will be located in the premises of the old DORIS accelerator complex and host multiple independent experiments cost-effectively accessing the same central infrastructure like a central high power laser. With the removal of the old DORIS accelerator being completed, the refurbishment of the technical infrastructure is currently starting up.The presently ongoing conversion of the area into the SINBAD facility and the currently foreseen layout is described. The first experiment will use a compact S-band linac for the production of ultra-short bunches at hundred MeV. Once established, one of the main usages will be to externally inject electrons into a laser-driven plasma wakefield accelerator to boost the energy to GeV-level while maintaining a usable beam quality, ultimately aiming to drive an FEL. The second experiment already under planning is the setup of an attosecond radiation source with advanced technology. Further usage of the available space and infrastructure is revised and national and international collaborations are being established., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam

This paper outlines the ELFE@DESY project. The technical problems associated with the scenario proposed in july 1995 at the first ELFE workshop by R. Brinkmann are reviewed. The results of the feasibility study recently completed are presented and the expected performances of the extracted beam in terms of emittance, energy spread and duty factor are given.

Physical review letters 121(6), 064801 (2018). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.064801, Particle-beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) enables various novel high-gradient techniques for powering future compact light-source and high-energy physics applications. Here, a driving particle bunch excites a wakefield response in a plasma medium, which may rapidly accelerate a trailing witness beam. In this Letter, we present the measurement of ratios of acceleration of the witness bunch to deceleration of the driver bunch, the so-called transformer ratio, significantly exceeding the fundamental theoretical and thus far experimental limit of 2 in a PWFA. An electron bunch with ramped current profile was utilized to accelerate a witness bunch with a transformer ratio of $4.6^{+2.2}_{−0.7}$ in a plasma with length $∼10 cm$, also demonstrating stable transport of driver bunches with lengths on the order of the plasma wavelength., Published by APS, College Park, Md.