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4. Monkeypox (Mpox) requires continued surveillance, vaccines, therapeutics and mitigating strategies

Author

Roper, Rachel L., Garzino-Demo, Alfredo, Del Rio, Carlos, Bréchot, Christian, Gallo, Robert, Hall, William, Esparza, José, Reitz, Marvin, Schinazi, Raymond F., Parrington, Mark, Tartaglia, James, Koopmans, Marion, Osorio, Jorge, Nitsche, Andreas, Huan, Tan Boon, LeDuc, James, Gessain, Antoine, Weaver, Scott, Mahalingam, Suresh, Abimiku, Alash'le, Vahlne, Anders, Segalés, Joaquim, Wang, Linfa, Isaacs, Stuart N, Osterhaus, Albert, Scheuermann, Richard H., McFadden, Grant, Producció Animal, and Sanitat Animal

Subjects
Orthopoxvirus vaccine, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, Mpox, Smallpox vaccine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Monkeypox, Anti-virals, Poxvirus, Vaccine, mpox, Infectious Diseases, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Molecular Medicine
Abstract

The widespread outbreak of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) recognized in 2022 poses new challenges for public healthcare systems worldwide. With more than 86,000 people infected, there is concern that MPXV may become endemic outside of its original geographical area leading to repeated human spillover infections or continue to be spread person-to-person. Fortunately, classical public health measures (e.g., isolation, contact tracing and quarantine) and vaccination have blunted the spread of the virus, but cases are continuing to be reported in 28 countries in March 2023. We describe here the vaccines and drugs available for the prevention and treatment of MPXV infections. However, although their efficacy against monkeypox (mpox) has been established in animal models, little is known about their efficacy in the current outbreak setting. The continuing opportunity for transmission raises concerns about the potential for evolution of the virus and for expansion beyond the current risk groups. The priorities for action are clear: 1) more data on the efficacy of vaccines and drugs in infected humans must be gathered; 2) global collaborations are necessary to ensure that government authorities work with the private sector in developed and low and middle income countries (LMICs) to provide the availability of treatments and vaccines, especially in historically endemic/enzootic areas; 3) diagnostic and surveillance capacity must be increased to identify areas and populations where the virus is present and may seed resurgence; 4) those at high risk of severe outcomes (e.g., immunocompromised, untreated HIV, pregnant women, and inflammatory skin conditions) must be informed of the risk of infection and be protected from community transmission of MPXV; 5) engagement with the hardest hit communities in a non-stigmatizing way is needed to increase the understanding and acceptance of public health measures; and 6) repositories of monkeypox clinical samples, including blood, fluids, tissues and lesion material must be established for researchers. This MPXV outbreak is a warning that pandemic preparedness plans need additional coordination and resources. We must prepare for continuing transmission, resurgence, and repeated spillovers of MPXV. We would like to thank Drs. Ming Fan at East Carolina University and Dara Wambach and her team at Johnson & Johnson for critically reviewing the manuscript. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2023
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18. Letters to the Editors

Author

Wesley, Frank, Reitz, Marvin S., Gilbertson, Mark O., and Harou, Patrice A.

Published
1983

22. Contributors

Author

Aagaard, Kjersti, primary, Abrahamian, Fredrick M., additional, Allos, Ban Mishu, additional, Andes, David R., additional, Aoki, Fred Y., additional, Apicella, Michael A., additional, Ard, Kevin L., additional, Arias, Cesar A., additional, Aronoff, David M., additional, Augenbraun, Michael H., additional, Averhoff, Francisco, additional, Azar, Dimitri T., additional, Baddour, Larry M., additional, Baden, Lindsey R., additional, Baker, Carol J., additional, Ballard, Ronald C., additional, Barber, Gerard R., additional, Barnes, Scott D., additional, Barouch, Dan H., additional, Barrett, Alan D., additional, Barshak, Miriam Baron, additional, Basavaraju, Sridhar V., additional, Batteiger, Byron E., additional, Baum, Stephen G., additional, Bayer, Arnold S., additional, Beckham, J. David, additional, Beekmann, Susan E., additional, Bell, Beth P., additional, Bennett, John E., additional, Bente, Dennis A., additional, Berbari, Elie F., additional, Berman, Jonathan, additional, Bertino, Joseph S., additional, Bhimraj, Adarsh, additional, Birdsall, Holly H., additional, Bisno, Alan L., additional, Blackburn, Brian G., additional, Blanton, Lucas S., additional, Blaser, Martin J., additional, Bleck, Thomas P., additional, Blijlevens, Nicole M.A., additional, Bobak, David A., additional, Bonnez, William, additional, Boothroyd, John C., additional, Borio, Luciana L., additional, Bosque, Patrick J., additional, Bower, John, additional, Bradsher, Robert W., additional, Brook, Itzhak, additional, Brown, Kevin E., additional, Brown, Patricia D., additional, Brown-Elliott, Barbara A., additional, Bruhn, Roberta L., additional, Bryant, Amy E., additional, Burd, Eileen M., additional, Burns, Jane C., additional, Bush, Larry M., additional, Calderwood, Stephen B., additional, Cano, Luz Elena, additional, Carpenter, Charles C.J., additional, Caserta, Mary T., additional, Castagnola, Elio, additional, Chaisson, Richard E., additional, Chambers, Henry F., additional, Chapman, Stephen J., additional, Chappell, James D., additional, Chen, Lea Ann, additional, Chen, Sharon C-A, additional, Chow, Anthony W., additional, Clark, Rebecca A., additional, Cohen, Jeffrey I., additional, Cohen, Myron S., additional, Cohen-Poradosu, Ronit, additional, Cohn, Susan E., additional, Connors, Mark, additional, Corey, Lawrence, additional, Cottrell, Mackenzie L., additional, Cover, Timothy L., additional, Cox, Heather L., additional, Craig, William A., additional, Crossley, Kent B., additional, Crumpacker, Clyde S., additional, Curran, James W., additional, Currie, Bart J., additional, D'Agata, Erika, additional, Damon, Inger K., additional, Darouiche, Rabih O., additional, DeBiasi, Roberta L., additional, Deepe, George S., additional, del Rio, Carlos, additional, Delemos, Andrew S., additional, DeLeo, Frank R., additional, DeMuri, Gregory P., additional, Densen, Peter, additional, Dermody, Terence S., additional, Dewar, Robin, additional, Diaz, James H., additional, Dieffenbach, Carl W., additional, Dienstag, Jules L., additional, Doi, Yohei, additional, Dolin, Raphael, additional, Donnelly, J. Peter, additional, Donnenberg, Michael S., additional, Donowitz, Gerald R., additional, Dormitzer, Philip R., additional, Drake, James M., additional, Dumler, J. Stephen, additional, Dummer, J. Stephen, additional, DuPont, Herbert L., additional, Durack, David T., additional, Durand, Marlene L., additional, Edelstein, Paul H., additional, Edmond, Michael B., additional, Edwards, John E., additional, Edwards, Morven S., additional, Eliopoulos, George M., additional, Ellison, Richard T., additional, Endy, Timothy P., additional, Engleberg, N. Cary, additional, Erdem, Hakan, additional, Ernst, Joel D., additional, Ernst, Peter B., additional, Fairhurst, Rick M., additional, Fairley, Jessica K., additional, Falkow, Stanley, additional, Falsey, Ann R., additional, Fauci, Anthony S., additional, Fekete, Thomas, additional, Fey, Paul D., additional, Fine, Steven M., additional, Fitzgerald, Daniel W., additional, Flores, Anthony R., additional, Forster, Derek, additional, Fowler, Vance G., additional, Freedman, David O., additional, Friedlander, Arthur M., additional, Galgiani, John N., additional, Gallin, John I., additional, Gallo, Robert C., additional, Gandhi, Tejal N., additional, Garrett, Wendy S., additional, Gaydos, Charlotte A., additional, Geisbert, Thomas W., additional, Gelfand, Jeffrey A., additional, Gelone, Steven P., additional, Gerding, Dale N., additional, Gershon, Anne A., additional, Gilsdorf, Janet R., additional, Goldstein, Ellie J.C., additional, Gordin, Fred M., additional, Graman, Paul S., additional, Grayson, M. Lindsay, additional, Greene, Jeffrey Bruce, additional, Griffin, Patricia M., additional, Griffith, David E., additional, Guerrant, Richard L., additional, Gul, H. Cem, additional, Haake, David A., additional, Haas, David W., additional, Haines, Charles, additional, Hall, Caroline Breese, additional, Hallak, Joelle, additional, Halperin, Scott A., additional, Hammerschlag, Margaret R., additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Harris, Jason B., additional, Hawkins, Claudia, additional, Hay, Roderick J., additional, Hedberg, Craig W., additional, Henderson, David K., additional, Henderson, Donald A., additional, High, Kevin P., additional, Hill, Adrian V.S., additional, Hill, David R., additional, Hinman, Alan R., additional, Hirsch, Martin S., additional, Hodowanec, Aimee, additional, Hohl, Tobias M., additional, Holland, Steven M., additional, Holzman, Robert S., additional, Hook, Edward W., additional, Hooper, David C., additional, Hooton, Thomas M., additional, Horowitz, Harold W., additional, Horsburgh, C. Robert, additional, Horton, James M., additional, Hospenthal, Duane R., additional, Hsueh, Kevin, additional, Hughes, James M., additional, Hynes, Noreen A., additional, Iovine, Nicole M., additional, Iredell, Jonathan R., additional, Ison, Michael G., additional, Janda, J. Michael, additional, Janoff, Edward N., additional, Johannsen, Eric C., additional, Kashuba, Angela D.M., additional, Kasper, Dennis L., additional, Kaye, Donald, additional, Kaye, Keith S., additional, Kaye, Kenneth M., additional, Kazura, James W., additional, Keystone, Jay S., additional, Khabbaz, Rima, additional, Khan, David A., additional, Khudyakov, Yury, additional, Kim, Rose, additional, King, Charles H., additional, Kirchhoff, Louis V., additional, Klein, Jerome O., additional, Klompas, Michael, additional, Knoll, Bettina M., additional, Knowlton, Kirk U., additional, Koehler, Jane E., additional, Kohlhoff, Stephan A., additional, Könönen, Eija, additional, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., additional, Koralnik, Igor J., additional, Korpe, Poonum S., additional, Koshy, Anita A., additional, Kovacs, Joseph A., additional, Kozarsky, Phyllis, additional, Krieger, John, additional, Kroger, Andrew T., additional, Kuehnert, Matthew J., additional, Kumar, Nalin M., additional, Kuruvilla, Merin Elizabeth, additional, LaRocque, Regina C., additional, Leggett, James E., additional, Legido-Quigley, Helena, additional, Levett, Paul N., additional, Levine, Donald P., additional, Levison, Matthew E., additional, Levitt, Alexandra, additional, Lewis, Russell E., additional, Liles, W. Conrad, additional, Lima, Aldo A.M., additional, Limaye, Ajit P., additional, Lipkin, W. Ian, additional, Litman, Nathan, additional, Lorber, Bennett, additional, Luna, Ruth Ann, additional, MacDougall, Conan, additional, Roy, Rob, additional, Mackowiak, Philip A., additional, Madoff, Lawrence C., additional, Magill, Alan J., additional, Maguire, James H., additional, Maldarelli, Frank, additional, Markoff, Lewis, additional, Marrazzo, Jeanne M., additional, Marrie, Thomas J., additional, Marth, Thomas, additional, Martin, David H., additional, Martin, Gregory J., additional, Marty, Francisco M., additional, Maslow, Melanie Jane, additional, Masur, Henry, additional, Mawle, Alison, additional, Mayer, Kenneth H., additional, McBride, John T., additional, McCarthy, James S., additional, McCormack, William M., additional, McGowan, Catherine C., additional, McIntosh, Kenneth, additional, Mead, Paul S., additional, Mikulska, Malgorzata, additional, Miller, Robert F., additional, Miller, Samuel I., additional, Mitchell, David H., additional, Modlin, John F., additional, Mody, Rajal K., additional, Moellering, Robert C., additional, Moffa, Matthew, additional, Moir, Susan, additional, Montoya, José G., additional, Moore, Thomas A., additional, Moreillon, Philippe, additional, Morris, J. Glenn, additional, Morse, Caryn Gee, additional, Moseley, Robin, additional, Munford, Robert S., additional, Murphy, Edward L., additional, Murphy, Timothy F., additional, Murray, Barbara E., additional, Murray, Clinton K., additional, Murray, Patrick R., additional, Musher, Daniel M., additional, Nagel, Jerod L., additional, Nannini, Esteban C., additional, Narezkina, Anna, additional, Nash, Theodore E., additional, Nauseef, William M., additional, Nayak, Jennifer L., additional, Neill, Marguerite A., additional, O'Donnell, Judith A., additional, Ohl, Christopher A., additional, Okhuysen, Pablo C., additional, Onderdonk, Andrew B., additional, Opal, Steven M., additional, Orenstein, Walter A., additional, Osmon, Douglas R., additional, Osterholm, Michael T., additional, Ostroff, Stephen M., additional, Oxman, Michael N., additional, Paessler, Slobodan, additional, Page, Andrea V., additional, Pai, Manjunath P., additional, Palmore, Tara N., additional, Palraj, Raj, additional, Pappas, Peter G., additional, Pasternack, Mark S., additional, Patterson, Thomas F., additional, Pavan-Langston, Deborah, additional, Pegues, David A., additional, Penn, Robert L., additional, Perfect, John R., additional, Perlman, Stanley, additional, Petersen, Brett W., additional, Peterson, Phillip K., additional, Petri, William A., additional, Petti, Cathy A., additional, Philips, Jennifer A., additional, Philley, Julie V., additional, Phillips, Michael, additional, Pickering, Larry K., additional, Piot, Peter, additional, Pogue, Jason M., additional, Pop-Vicas, Aurora, additional, Portal-Celhay, Cynthia, additional, Powers, John H., additional, Price, Richard N., additional, Que, Yok-Ai, additional, Radolf, Justin D., additional, Ram, Sanjay, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Ravdin, Jonathan I., additional, Ray, Stuart C., additional, Reboli, Annette C., additional, Reitz, Marvin S., additional, Relman, David A., additional, Renault, Cybèle A., additional, Restrepo, Angela, additional, Rex, John H., additional, Rhee, Elizabeth G., additional, Roberts, Norbert J., additional, Romero, José R., additional, Rothman, Alan L., additional, Roy, Craig R., additional, Ruoff, Kathryn L., additional, Rupp, Mark E., additional, Rupprecht, Charles E., additional, Russo, Thomas A., additional, Rutala, William A., additional, Ryan, Edward T., additional, Safdar, Amar, additional, Sajadi, Mohammad M., additional, Salazar, Juan C., additional, Sarria, Juan Carlos, additional, Savoia, Maria C., additional, Sax, Paul E., additional, Scheld, W. Michael, additional, Schiffer, Joshua T., additional, Schlossberg, David, additional, Schneider, Thomas, additional, Schuchat, Anne, additional, Schwebke, Jane R., additional, Sears, Cynthia L., additional, Segal, Leopoldo N., additional, Sendi, Parham, additional, Sepkowitz, Kent A., additional, Septimus, Edward J., additional, Seregin, Alexey, additional, Shulman, Stanford T., additional, Siberry, George K., additional, Siddiqi, Omar K., additional, Sifri, Costi D., additional, Simberkoff, Michael S., additional, Simonetti, Francesco R., additional, Singh, Kamaljit, additional, Singh, Nina, additional, Singh, Upinder, additional, Sinner, Scott W., additional, Sivapalasingam, Sumathi, additional, Slater, Leonard N., additional, Smulian, A. George, additional, Sobel, Jack D., additional, Sohail, M. Rizwan, additional, Soper, David E., additional, Sorrell, Tania C., additional, Steckelberg, James M., additional, Steere, Allen C., additional, Steigbigel, Neal H., additional, Steinberg, James P., additional, Stephens, David S., additional, Sterling, Timothy R., additional, Stevens, David A., additional, Stevens, Dennis L., additional, Strahilevitz, Jacob, additional, Stratton, Charles W., additional, Suffredini, Anthony F., additional, Suh, Kathryn N., additional, Sulkowski, Mark S., additional, Swartz, Morton N., additional, Talbot, Thomas R., additional, Tan, C. Sabrina, additional, Tan, Ming, additional, Thio, Chloe Lynne, additional, Thomas, David L., additional, Thomas, Lora D., additional, Thomas, Stephen J., additional, Thorner, Anna R., additional, María Tobón, Angela, additional, Tramont, Edmund C., additional, Treanor, John J., additional, Trubiano, Jason, additional, Tsibris, Athe M.N., additional, Tunkel, Allan R., additional, Turner, Ronald B., additional, Tyler, Kenneth L., additional, Uluer, Ahmet, additional, van de Beek, Diederik, additional, van der Velden, Walter J.F.M., additional, Vannier, Edouard G., additional, Van, Trevor C., additional, Versalovic, James, additional, Viscoli, Claudio, additional, Wald, Ellen R., additional, Waldor, Matthew K., additional, Walker, David H., additional, Wallace, Richard J., additional, Walsh, Edward E., additional, Walsh, Stephen R., additional, Walzer, Peter D., additional, Wanke, Christine A., additional, Warren, Cirle A., additional, Washburn, Ronald G., additional, Waters, Valerie, additional, Weber, David J., additional, Weiden, Michael D., additional, Weinberg, Geoffrey A., additional, Weisdorf, Daniel J., additional, Weiss, Louis M., additional, Welch, David F., additional, Wellems, Thomas E., additional, Wenzel, Richard P., additional, Wharton, Melinda, additional, White, A. Clinton, additional, Whitley, Richard J., additional, Wilson, Walter R., additional, Wortmann, Glenn W., additional, Wright, William F., additional, Young, Jo-Anne H., additional, Young, Vincent B., additional, Yun, Nadezhda, additional, Zimmerli, Werner, additional, Zinner, Stephen H., additional, and Zurlo, John J., additional

Published
2015
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24. Combined cART Including Tenofovir Disoproxil, Emtricitabine, and Dolutegravir Has Potent Therapeutic Effects in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Author

Weichseldorfer, Matthew, primary, Affram, Yvonne, additional, Heredia, Alonso, additional, Rikhtegaran-Tehrani, Zahra, additional, Sajadi, Mohammad M, additional, Williams, Sumiko P, additional, Tagaya, Yutaka, additional, Benedetti, Francesca, additional, Ramadhani, Habib O, additional, Denaro, Frank, additional, Bryant, Joseph, additional, Zella, Davide, additional, Reitz, Marvin, additional, Romerio, Fabio, additional, and Latinovic, Olga, additional

Published
2021
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26. Additional file 1 of Combined cART including Tenofovir Disoproxil, Emtricitabine, and Dolutegravir has potent therapeutic effects in HIV-1 infected humanized mice

Author

Weichseldorfer, Matthew, Affram, Yvonne, Heredia, Alonso, Rikhtegaran-Tehrani, Zahra, Sajadi, Mohammad M., Williams, Sumiko P., Tagaya, Yutaka, Benedetti, Francesca, Ramadhani, Habib O., Denaro, Frank, Munawwar, Arshi, Bryant, Joseph, Zella, Davide, Reitz, Marvin, Romerio, Fabio, and Latinovic, Olga S.

Abstract

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Confocal images of p24 in CD68+ macrophages from hu-mouse brain. Shown are an HIV(+) CD68+ (A) and HIV(���) CD68+ (B) macrophages in brain tissue from infected or uninfected hu-mice. Representative tissue sections were analysed by ��-p24 mAb in red and human ��-CD68 mAb in green among the indicated groups of mice. White arrows indicate cells expressing p24 (A). The bar size is 10 ��m for tissue sample cells in panels A and B. Figure S2. Comparison of ACH.2 and hu-mouse Plasmid DNA Standards. Threshold cycle (Ct) measured during qPCR using either total intracellular DNA from ACH.2 chronically infected cells or a plasmid that contains the HIV-1 DNA fragment that was originally isolated from an infected hu-mouse tissue. The Ct at 3000, 300, 30, and 3 copies are shown in each graph, with red bars demonstrating the average value and black bars representing standard error.

Published
2021
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30. CONTRIBUTORS

Author

Adkinson, N. Franklin, primary, Allen, David M., additional, Allos, Ban Mishu, additional, Amsden, Guy W., additional, Anderson, David A., additional, Andes, David R., additional, Aoki, Fred Y., additional, Apfalter, Petra M., additional, Apicella, Michael A., additional, Arias, Cesar A., additional, Augenbraun, Michael H., additional, Azar, Dimitri T., additional, Baddour, Larry M., additional, Baden, Lindsey R., additional, Baker, Carol J., additional, Ballard, Ronald C., additional, Ballow, Charles H., additional, Barnes, Scott D., additional, Baron, Miriam J., additional, Barouch, Dan H., additional, Barrett, Alan, additional, Bassin, Sarice L., additional, Batteiger, Byron E., additional, Baum, Stephen G., additional, Bayer, Arnold S., additional, Beckham, J. David, additional, Beekmann, Susan E., additional, Bell, Beth P., additional, Bennett, John E., additional, Berbari, Elie F., additional, Berman, Jonathan D., additional, Bertino, Joseph S., additional, Birdsall, Holly H., additional, Bisno, Alan L., additional, Biswas, Hope H., additional, Blackburn, Brian G., additional, Blaser, Martin J., additional, Blazes, David L., additional, Bleck, Thomas P., additional, Blijlevens, Nicole M.A., additional, Bobak, David A., additional, Bonnez, William, additional, Boothroyd, John C., additional, Borio, Luciana, additional, Bosque, Patrick J., additional, Boucher, Richard C., additional, Brause, Barry D., additional, Brown, Kevin E., additional, Brown, Patricia D., additional, Brown-Elliott, Barbara A., additional, Burd, Eileen M., additional, Burns, James E., additional, Bush, Larry M., additional, Calfee, David P., additional, Caplan, Ellis S., additional, Carael, Michel, additional, Carpenter, Charles C.J., additional, Caserta, Mary T., additional, Castagnola, Elio, additional, Chaisson, Richard E., additional, Chambers, Henry F., additional, Chapman, Stanley W., additional, Chappell, James D., additional, Chen, Sharon C-A., additional, Chopra, Sanjiv, additional, Chow, Anthony W., additional, Chroneou, Alexandra, additional, Cianciotto, Nicholas P., additional, Clark, Rebecca A., additional, Clark, Robert A., additional, Cohen, Jeffrey I., additional, Cohen, Myron S., additional, Cohen-Poradosu, Ronit, additional, Cohn, Susan E., additional, Connors, Mark, additional, Cono, Joanne, additional, Corey, Lawrence, additional, Cornett, Patricia A., additional, Cox, Heather L., additional, Craig, William A., additional, Craven, Donald E., additional, Crossley, Kent B., additional, Crump, John A., additional, Crumpacker, Clyde S., additional, Curran, James W., additional, Currie, Bart J., additional, Curry, Michael P., additional, Damon, Inger K., additional, Darouiche, Rabih O., additional, DeBiasi, Roberta L., additional, Deepe, George S., additional, del Rio, Carlos, additional, DeMuri, Gregory P., additional, Dennis, David T., additional, Densen, Peter, additional, De Pauw, Ben E., additional, Dermody, Terence S., additional, Dewar, Robin, additional, Diaz, James H., additional, Dieffenbach, Carl W., additional, Dienstag, Jules L., additional, Dolin, Raphael, additional, Donaldson, Scott H., additional, Donnelly, J. Peter, additional, Donnenberg, Michael S., additional, Donowitz, Gerald R., additional, Dormitzer, Philip R., additional, Drake, James M., additional, Dumler, J. Stephen, additional, Dummer, J. Stephen, additional, DuPont, Herbert L., additional, Durack, David T., additional, Durand, Marlene L., additional, Edelstein, Paul H., additional, Edmond, Michael B., additional, Edwards, John E., additional, Edwards, Morven S., additional, Eliopoulos, George M., additional, Engleberg, N. Cary, additional, Ernst, Joel D., additional, Fairhurst, Rick M., additional, Fairley, Jessica K., additional, Falkow, Stanley, additional, Falsey, Ann R., additional, Fauci, Anthony S., additional, Feinstone, Stephen M., additional, Fekete, Thomas, additional, Fey, Paul D., additional, Fine, Steven M., additional, Finegold, Sydney M., additional, Fishman, Neil O., additional, Fitzgerald, Daniel W., additional, Flores, Anthony R., additional, Fowler, Vance G., additional, Freedman, David O., additional, Friedlander, Arthur M., additional, Galgiani, John N., additional, Gallin, John I., additional, Gallo, Robert C., additional, Garrett, Wendy S., additional, Gelfand, Jeffrey A., additional, Gelone, Steven P., additional, Gershon, Anne A., additional, Gilbert, David N., additional, Gilligan, Peter H., additional, Glickman, Michael S., additional, Göbel, Ulf B., additional, Goldstein, Deborah, additional, Goldstein, Ellie J.C., additional, Gordin, Fred M., additional, Gotuzzo, Eduardo, additional, Graman, Paul S., additional, Graves, Margot, additional, Griffin, Patricia M., additional, Griffith, David E., additional, Guerrant, Richard L., additional, Haake, David A., additional, Haas, David W., additional, Hall, Caroline Breese, additional, Halperin, Scott, additional, Hammerschlag, Margaret R., additional, Handsfield, H. Hunter, additional, Haque, Rashidul, additional, Hartman, Barry J., additional, Hay, Roderick J., additional, Hayden, Frederick G., additional, Hedberg, Craig W., additional, Henderson, David K., additional, Henderson, Donald A., additional, Hendley, J. Owen, additional, Hewlett, Erik L., additional, High, Kevin P., additional, Hill, Adrian V.S., additional, Hill, David R., additional, Hinman, Alan R., additional, Hirsch, Martin S., additional, Hodges, Lisa S., additional, Holland, Steven M., additional, Hook, Edward W., additional, Hooper, David C., additional, Hooton, Thomas M., additional, Horsburgh, C. Robert, additional, Hospenthal, Duane R., additional, Hughes, James M., additional, Hughes, Molly A., additional, Huston, Christopher D., additional, Hynes, Noreen A., additional, Iredell, Jonathan R., additional, Janda, J. Michael, additional, Johannsen, Eric C., additional, Johnson, Warren D., additional, Kashuba, Angela D.M., additional, Kasper, Dennis L., additional, Kaye, Donald, additional, Kaye, Keith S., additional, Kaye, Kenneth M., additional, Kazura, James W., additional, Kenny, George E., additional, Keystone, Jay S., additional, Khabbaz, Rima F., additional, King, Charles H., additional, Kirchhoff, Louis V., additional, Klein, Jerome O., additional, Knoll, Bettina M., additional, Knowlton, Kirk U., additional, Kohlhoff, Stephan A., additional, Könönen, Eija, additional, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., additional, Koralnik, Igor J., additional, Koshy, Anita A., additional, Kotton, Camille Nelson, additional, Kovacs, Joseph A., additional, Kozarsky, Phyllis, additional, Koziel, Margaret James, additional, Krieger, John N., additional, Kuehnert, Matthew J., additional, LeDuc, James W., additional, Lee, Laura M., additional, Leggett, James E., additional, Lescano, Andres G., additional, Levett, Paul N., additional, Levine, Donald P., additional, Levison, Matthew E., additional, Lewis, Russell E., additional, Liles, W. Conrad, additional, Lima, Aldo A.M., additional, Litman, Nathan, additional, Lorber, Bennett, additional, Lutwick, Larry I., additional, MacGregor, Rob Roy, additional, Mackowiak, Philip A., additional, Madoff, Lawrence C., additional, Magill, Alan J., additional, Maguire, James H., additional, Maldarelli, Frank, additional, Mandell, Lionel A., additional, Mann, Barbara J., additional, Markoff, Lewis, additional, Marrazzo, Jeanne M., additional, Marrie, Thomas J., additional, Marth, Thomas, additional, Martin, Gregory J., additional, Maschmeyer, Georg, additional, Masur, Henry, additional, Mawle, Alison, additional, Mayer, Kenneth H., additional, McBride, John T., additional, McCormack, William M., additional, McIntosh, Kenneth, additional, Mead, Paul S., additional, Meyer, Daniel K., additional, Meyers, Burt R., additional, Miller, Mark A., additional, Miller, Samuel I., additional, Mitchell, David H., additional, Modlin, John F., additional, Moellering, Robert C., additional, Moir, Susan, additional, Montgomery, Joel M., additional, Montoya, José G., additional, Moore, Thomas A., additional, Moreillon, Philippe, additional, Morrell, Dean S., additional, Morris, J. Glenn, additional, Morse, Caryn Gee, additional, Moseley, Robin, additional, Muder, Robert R., additional, Munford, Robert S., additional, Murphy, Edward L., additional, Murphy, Timothy F., additional, Murray, Barbara E., additional, Murray, Clinton K., additional, Murray, Patrick R., additional, Musher, Daniel M., additional, Nannini, Esteban C., additional, Nash, Theodore E., additional, Nauseef, William M., additional, Neill, Marguerite A., additional, O'Donnell, Judith A., additional, Ohl, Christopher A., additional, Okhuysen, Pablo C., additional, Onderdonk, Andrew B., additional, Opal, Steven M., additional, Orenstein, Walter A., additional, Osman, Douglas R., additional, Osterholm, Michael T., additional, Ostroff, Stephen M., additional, Oxman, Michael N., additional, Page, Andrea V., additional, Palmore, Tara N., additional, Pamer, Eric G., additional, Pappas, Peter G., additional, Pasternack, Mark S., additional, Patterson, Thomas F., additional, Pavan-Langston, Deborah, additional, Pegues, David A., additional, Penn, Robert L., additional, Perfect, John R., additional, Perlman, Stanley, additional, Peters, C.J., additional, Peterson, Phillip K., additional, Petri, William A., additional, Petti, Cathy A., additional, Pickering, Larry K., additional, Pier, Gerald B., additional, Pillai, Satish K., additional, Piot, Peter, additional, Plaeger, Susan F., additional, Polk, Ronald E., additional, Pop-Vicas, Aurora, additional, Powers, John H., additional, Punturieri, Antonello, additional, Que, Yok-ai, additional, Rabinowitz, Ronald P., additional, Rabizadeh, Shervin, additional, Ramphal, Reuben, additional, Raoult, Didier, additional, Ravdin, Jonathan I., additional, Ray, Stuart C., additional, Reboli, Annette C., additional, Reddy, Pavani, additional, Reichman, Richard C., additional, Reitz, Marvin S., additional, Relman, David A., additional, Renault, Cybèle A., additional, Restrepo, Angela, additional, Rex, John H., additional, Reynolds, Herbert Y., additional, Rhee, Elizabeth G., additional, Rhee, Kyu Y., additional, Rotz, Lisa D., additional, Ruoff, Kathryn L., additional, Rupp, Mark E., additional, Rupprecht, Charles E., additional, Russo, Thomas A., additional, Rutala, William A., additional, Salvatore, Mirella, additional, Saulsbury, Frank T., additional, Savoia, Maria C., additional, Sax, Paul E., additional, Scheld, W. Michael, additional, Schiffer, Joshua T., additional, Schlossberg, David, additional, Schneider, Thomas, additional, Schwebke, Jane R., additional, Sears, Cynthia L., additional, Seas, Carlos, additional, Sepkowitz, Kent A., additional, Septimus, Edward J., additional, Siberry, George K., additional, Sifri, Costi D., additional, Singh, Nina, additional, Singh, Upinder, additional, Sinner, Scott W., additional, Sivapalasingam, Sumathi, additional, Slater, Leonard N., additional, Smulian, A. George, additional, Sobel, Jack D., additional, Sodha, Samir V., additional, Sohail, M. Rizwan, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Song, Yuli, additional, Soper, David E., additional, Sorrell, Tania C., additional, Sparling, P. Frederick, additional, Stamm, Walter E., additional, Steckelberg, James M., additional, Steere, Allen C., additional, Steigbigel, Neal H., additional, Steinberg, James P., additional, Steiner, Theodore S., additional, Sterling, Timothy R., additional, Stevens, David A., additional, Stevens, Dennis L., additional, Strahilevitz, Jacob, additional, Stratton, Charles W., additional, Suffredini, Anthony F., additional, Suh, Kathryn N., additional, Sulkowski, Mark S., additional, Sullivan, Donna C., additional, Swartz, Morton N., additional, Talbot, Thomas R., additional, Tan, C. Sabrina, additional, Thielman, Nathan M., additional, Thio, Chloe Lynn, additional, Thomas, David L., additional, Thomas, Lora D., additional, Thorner, Anna R., additional, Tice, Alan D., additional, Tobón, Angela María, additional, Tramont, Edmund C., additional, Treanor, John J., additional, N. Tsibris, Athe M., additional, Tunkel, Allan R., additional, Turner, Ronald B., additional, Tyler, Kenneth L., additional, van de Beek, Diederik, additional, Vannier, Edouard G., additional, Van Schooneveld, Trevor C., additional, Vaughn, David W., additional, Viscoli, Claudio, additional, Volberding, Paul A., additional, Wald, Ellen R., additional, Walker, David H., additional, Wallace, Richard J., additional, Walsh, Edward E., additional, Walzer, Peter D., additional, Wanke, Christine A., additional, Washburn, Ronald G., additional, Wasley, Annemarie, additional, Waters, Valerie, additional, Weber, David J., additional, Weinberg, Arnold N., additional, Weinberg, Geoffrey A., additional, Weinmann, Gail G., additional, Weisdorf, Daniel J., additional, Weiss, Louis M., additional, Weiss, Michael E., additional, Welch, David F., additional, Wellems, Thomas E., additional, Wenzel, Richard P., additional, Wharton, Melinda, additional, White, A. Clinton, additional, Whitley, Richard J., additional, Wilson, Kenneth H., additional, Wilson, Walter R., additional, Witebsky, Frank G., additional, Wolfgang, Matthew C., additional, Wright, Peter F., additional, Young, Edward J., additional, Young, Jo-Anne H., additional, Zhang, Jie Lin, additional, Zinner, Stephen H., additional, and Zurlo, John J., additional

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2010
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38. A Bcl-2 homolog encoded by Kaposi-sarcoma-associated virus, human herpesvirus 8, inhibits apoptosis but does not heterodimerize with Bax or Bak

Author

Cheng, Emily H.-Y., Nicholas, John, Bellows, David S., Hayward, Gary S., Guo, Hong-Guang, Reitz, Marvin S., and Hardwick, J. Marie

Subjects
Herpesviruses -- Genetic aspects, Proto-oncogenes -- Research, Tumor suppressor genes -- Research, Cell death -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

The Bcl-2 protein family is characterized by the ability to modulate cell death, and members of this family share two highly conserved domains called Bcl-2 homology 1 (BH1) and 2 (BH2) which have been shown to be critical for the death-repressor activity of Bcl-2 and Bcl-[x.sub.L]. Through sequence analysis we identified a novel viral Bcl-2 homolog, designated KSbcl-2, from human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) or Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. The overall amino acid sequence identity between KSbcl-2 and other Bcl-2 homologs is low (15-20%) but concentrated within the BH1 and BH2 regions. Overexpression of KSbcl-2 blocked apoptosis as efficiently as Bcl-2, Bcl-[x.sub.L], or another viral Bcl-2 homolog encoded by Epstein-Barr virus, BHRF1. Interestingly, KS-bcl-2 neither homodimerizes nor heterodimerizes with other Bcl-2 family members, suggesting that KSbcl-2 may have evolved to escape any negative regulatory effects of the cellular Bax and Bak proteins. Furthermore, the herpesvirus Bcl-2 homologs including KSbcl-2, BHRF1, and ORF16 of herpesvirus saimiri contain poorly conserved Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domains compared with other mammalian Bcl-2 homologs, implying that BH3 may not be essential for anti-apoptotic function. This is consistent with our observation that amino acid substitutions within the BH3 domain of Bcl-[x.sub.L] had no effect on its death-suppressor activity.

Published
1997

46. Expression of human herpesvirus 8-encoded cyclin D in Kaposi's sarcoma spindle cells

Author

Davis, Monica A., Sturzl, Michael, Blasig, Cornelia, Schreier, Anneliese, Guo, Hong-Guang, Reitz, Marvin, Opalenik, Susan R., and Browning, Philip J.

Subjects
Human herpesvirus 8 -- Health aspects, Kaposi's sarcoma -- Genetic aspects, Spindle (Cell division) -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA sequences have been detected in Kaposi's sarcoma, in primary effusion lymphoma (an unusual high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma seen primarily in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]), and in Castleman's disease (a rare lymphoproliferative disorder); however, proof that HHV-8 is involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases remains to be established. HHV-8 contains a gene, i.e., v-cyclin D, that is a homologue of the cellular cyclin D2 gene, which encodes a protein that promotes passage through [G.sub.1] phase of the cell cycle. Previous studies have identified v-cyclin D messenger RNA (mRNA) in biopsy specimens of Kaposi's sarcoma. In this study, we isolated a full-length v-cyclin D complementary DNA and characterized the pattern of v-cyclin D mRNA expression in Kaposi's sarcoma. Methods: Standard methods were used to construct and to screen HHV-8 genomic and complementary DNA libraries. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods and in situ hybridization with RNA probes were used to examine v-cyclin D mRNA expression. Results: RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of v-cyclin D mRNA in biopsy specimens of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, in early-passage spindle cells from classical (i.e., not AIDS-related) Kaposi's sarcoma, and in spindle cells isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. In situ hybridization indicated that mRNAs for v-cyclin D and kaposin, an HHV-8 latency-associated gene, were present in approximately 1% of the spindle cells in early patch lesions and approximately 60% of the spindle cells in late nodular lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma. Conclusions: Spindle cells of Kaposi's sarcoma, which have been regarded as the tumor cells of this cancer, contain v-cyclin D mRNA. Expression of v-cyclin D protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma by promoting cell proliferation. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1997;89:1868-74]

Published
1997

48. Isolation and characterization of an immortal neoplastic cell line (KS Y-1) from AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma

Author

Lunardi-Iskandar, Yanto, Gill, Parkash, Lam, Victor H., Zeman, Robert A., Michaels, Frank, Mann, Dean L., Reitz, Marvin S., Jr., Kaplan, Mark, Berneman, Zwi N., Carter, Darryl, Bryant, Joseph L., and Gallo, Robert C.

Subjects
Kaposi's sarcoma -- Development and progression, Cancer cells -- Variation, Cell lines -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with the occurrence of tumors such as Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and B-cell lymphoma. However, no evidence exists yet that human immunodeficiency virus type 1, the causative agent of AIDS, is directly responsible for cell transformation. It is also not clear whether KS lesions, which are of complex cellularity, contain tumor cells derived from a true monoclonal malignancy (originating from a single malignant cell) or whether the lesions are just polyclonally hyperplastic in nature (containing increased numbers of normal cells). In fact, the presence of malignant KS cells has never been unequivocally shown in AIDS-associated KS, and previously isolated KS cell cultures were not immortal or malignant. Purpose: Our purpose was to (a) utilize technology that could facilitate isolation and enrichment of tumor cells from AIDS-associated KS lesions, (b) establish and characterize an immortalized KS cell line, and (c) test the malignant potential of such a cell line in animal models. Methods: Mononuclear cells were isolated from 2.5 L of pleural effusion from an AIDS-associated KS patient. T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and fibroblasts were removed by a cytotoxicity method, using monoclonal antibodies specific for cell surface markers and baby rabbit complement. KS cells were cultured in the absence of exogenous growth factors in an effort to select for transformed cells capable of self-sustained growth. The karyotype abnormalities were detected by G-banded marker studies, and phenotypic markers were determined by indirect immunofluorescence and immunocytochemical methods. Beige nude XID and severe combined immunodeficient mice were used to evaluate the tumorigenic, angiogenic, and metastatic potentials of cells. Results: An immortalized cell line, named KS Y-1, was isolated. Its phenotype is similar to that of endothelial cells with positive CD34 and CD31 markers. Tetraploid chromosomal abnormalities were found in primary fresh KS tissue and in vitro passages of KS Y-1 cells. These cells promoted tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis in immunodeficient mice. Tumors produced at the site of injection, as well as metastases in the lung, spleen, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and skin showed a human tetraploid karyotype. KS Y-1 cells show high plating efficiency. Conclusion: The KS Y-1 cell line could be the first evidence of AIDS-associated KS cells that may develop clones with an indisputable malignant cell phenotype. Implications: KS Y-1 cells in the in vivo mouse model can be used to study the effects of therapeutic compounds in advanced KS.

Published
1995

50. Colaboradores

Author

Aagaard, Kjersti, Abdallah, Marie, Abrahamian, Fredrick M., Agnihotri, Shruti, Ahmed, Sana S., Allos, Ban Mishu, Alqahtani, Saleh A., Anderson, Jeffrey L., Andes, David R., Andrews, Jason R., Aoki, Fred Y., Apicella, Michael A., Araos, Rafael, Ard, Kevin L., Arias, Cesar A., Aronoff, David M., Aronson, Naomi E., Augenbraun, Michael H., Auwaerter, Paul G., Averhoff, Francisco, Azar, Dimitri T., Babu, Tara M., Bachmann, Laura Hinkle, Baddour, Larry M., Baden, Lindsey R., Baker, Carol J., Ballard, Sarah-Blythe, Barber, Gerard R., Barnes, Scott D., Barouch, Dan H., Barrett, Alan D., Barshak, Miriam Baron, Bartelt, Luther A., Basavaraju, Sridhar V., Batteiger, Byron E., Baum, Stephen G., Bayer, Arnold S., Beckham, J. David, Beekmann, Susan E., Beigi, Richard H., Bennett, John E., Berbari, Elie F., Bertino, Joseph S., Jr., Bhimraj, Adarsh, Birch, Torrey Boland, Birdsall, Holly H., Blackburn, Brian G., Blanton, Lucas S., Blaser, Martin J., Blazes, David L., Bleck, Thomas P., Blijlevens, Nicole M.A., Blyth, Dana M., Boggild, Andrea K., Bogoch, Isaac I., Bonnez, William, Boothroyd, John C., Borio, Luciana L., Bosque, Patrick J., Braden, Christopher R., Branche, Angela R., Britt, William J., Brook, Itzhak, Brouwer, Matthijs C., Brown, Kevin E., Brown, Patricia, Brown-Elliott, Barbara A., Bruhn, Roberta L., Bryant, Amy E., Burd, Eileen M., Burns, Jane C., Bush, Larry M., Casadevall, Arturo, Caserta, Mary T., Castagnola, Elio, Chaisson, Richard E., Chapman, Stephen J., Chappell, Catherine A., Chappell, James D., Chen, Lea Ann, Chen, Sharon C-A., Chiang, Augusto Dulanto, Chopra, Sanjiv, Chow, Anthony W., Clancy, Cornelius J., Clark, Richard B., Cohen, Jeffrey I., Cohen, Myron S., Cohen, Yehuda Z., Cohen-Poradosu, Ronit, Cohn, Susan E., Colton, Benjamin, Connors, Mark, Copeland, Nathanial K., Corey, Lawrence, Cosgrove, Sara E., Cottrell, Mackenzie L., Cover, Timothy L., Cox, Heather L., Crass, Ryan L., Cunha, Cheston B., Curran, James W., Currie, Bart J., D’Agata, Erika, Daly, Jennifer S., Damon, Inger K., Darouiche, Rabih O., Dawid, Suzanne, Deepe, George S., Jr., Dekker, John P., del Rio, Carlos, DeLeo, Frank R., DeMuri, Gregory P., Dermody, Terence S., Dewar, Robin, Diaz, James H., Dieffenbach, Carl W., Dienstag, Jules L., Doi, Yohei, Dolin, Raphael, Donowitz, Gerald R., Donskey, Curtis J., Dormitzer, Philip R., Dumler, J. Stephen, Dupnik, Kathryn, DuPont, Herbert L., Durack, David T., Durand, Marlene L., Duval, Xavier, Edelstein, Paul H., Edwards, John E., Jr., Edwards, Morven S., Ellison, Richard T., III, Embry, Alan C., Endy, Timothy P., Engleberg, N. Cary, Englund, Janet A., Erdem, Hakan, Ernst, Peter B., Fairhurst, Rick M., Fairley, Jessica K., Falkow, Stanley, Falsey, Ann R., Fauci, Anthony S., Fekete, Thomas, Fey, Paul D., Fine, Steven M., Fitzgerald, Daniel W., Flores, Anthony R., Fournier, Pierre-Edouard, Fowler, Vance G., Jr., Freedman, David O., Friedlander, Arthur M., Galgiani, John N., Gallin, John I., Gallo, Robert C., Gandhi, Monica, Garrett, Wendy S., Gauthier, Gregory M., Gaydos, Charlotte A., Gea-Banacloche, Juan C., Geisbert, Thomas W., Gelfand, Jeffrey A., Gelone, Steven P., Gerding, Dale N., Gershon, Anne A., Gilsdorf, Janet R., Giri, Pushpanjali, Gold, Howard S., Goldstein, Ellie J.C., González-Marín, Ángel, Graman, Paul S., Grayson, M. Lindsay, Greenberg, David, Greene, Matthew H., Griffin, Patricia M., Griffith, David E., Guerrant, Richard L., Gul, Hanefi C., Haake, David A., Haas, David W., Haidar, Ghady, Hallak, Joelle, Halperin, Scott A., Hammerschlag, Margaret R., Haque, Rashidul, Harris, Jason B., Hartzell, Joshua D., Hasbun, Rodrigo, Hawkins, Claudia, Hay, Roderick J., Henderson, David K., High, Kevin P., Hill, Adrian V.S., Hinman, Alan R., Hirsch, Martin S., Hochman, Sarah, Hoen, Bruno, Hohl, Tobias M., Holland, Steven M., Holland, Thomas L., Holzman, Robert S., Hooper, David C., Hooton, Thomas M., Hoover, Susan E., Horowitz, Harold W., Horton, James M., Hospenthal, Duane R., Hotez, Peter J., Hynes, Noreen A., Iovine, Nicole M., Ison, Michael G., Jaggi, Preeti, Janda, J. Michael, Janoff, Edward N., Jernigan, Daniel, Johannsen, Eric C., Johnson, Jennie E., Juliano, Jonathan J., Kamboj, Mini, Kasper, Dennis L., Kaye, Donald, Kaye, Keith S., Kaye, Kenneth M., Kazura, James W., Keystone, Jay S., Khabbaz, Rima F., Khan, David A., Khudyakov, Yury, Kim, Rose, King, Charles H., Kirchhoff, Louis V., Kirkpatrick, Beth D., Kiyono, Hiroshi, Klein, Bruce S., Klompas, Michael, Knoll, Bettina M., Knowlton, Kirk U., Koehler, Jane E., Kohlhoff, Stephan A., Könönen, Eija, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., Koralnik, Igor J., Korpe, Poonum S., Koshy, Anita A., Kovacs, Joseph A., Kroger, Andrew T., Kuehnert, Matthew J., Kumar, Nalin M., Kuruvilla, Merin Elizabeth, LaRocque, Regina C., LaSalvia, Mary T., Leaf, Howard L., Leggett, James E., Lepak, Alexander J., Levett, Paul N., Levine, Donald P., Levison, Matthew E., Levitt, Alexandra, Lewis, Russell E., Liles, W. Conrad, Lima, Aldo A.M., Limaye, Ajit P., Lionakis, Michail S., Lipkin, W. Ian, Litman, Nathan, Luna, Ruth Ann, Lutgring, Joseph D., MacDougall, Conan, Maddocks, Susan, Madoff, Lawrence C., Magill, Alan J., Maguire, James H., Maldarelli, Frank, Markoff, Lewis, Marrazzo, Jeanne M., Marrie, Thomas J., Marth, Thomas, Martin, David H., Martin, Gregory J., Marty, Francisco M., Maslow, Melanie Jane, Masur, Henry, Mawle, Alison, Mayer, Kenneth H., McCarthy, James S., McCormack, William, McGowan, Catherine C., McIntosh, Kenneth, Mead, Paul S., Mejia, Rojelio, Mekala, Vijayashree, Messonnier, Nancy, Mikulska, Małgorzata, Miller, Robert F., Miller, Samuel I., Miller, William R., Moffa, Matthew, Moir, Susan, Montoya, José G., Moonah, Shannon N., Moore, Thomas A., Moreillon, Philippe, Morgan, Janet, Morris, J. Glenn, Jr., Munita, Jose M., Murphy, Edward L., Murphy, Timothy F., Murray, Barbara E., Murray, Clinton K., Musher, Daniel M., Mylonakis, Eleftherios, Nagel, Jerod L., Naggie, Susanna, Nannini, Esteban C., Nash, Theodore E., Nauseef, William M., Nayak, Jennifer L., Neill, Marguerite A., Nelson, George E., Nelson, Joanna K., Nesbitt, Whitney J., Nguyen, M. Hong, O’Donnell, Judith A., Ohl, Christopher A., Okhuysen, Pablo C., Onderdonk, Andrew B., Opal, Steven M., Orenstein, Walter A., Osmon, Douglas R., Oxman, Michael N., Paessler, Slobodan, Page, Andrea V., Pai, Manjunath P., Palmore, Tara N., Palraj, Raj, Pappas, Peter G., Paris, Daniel H., Parks, Tom, Parsonnet, Julie, Parta, Mark, Pasternack, Mark S., Pastula, Daniel M., Patel, Robin, Patterson, Thomas F., Pavan-Langston, Deborah, Pegues, David A., Pelton, Stephen I., Penn, Robert L., Perfect, John R., Perkins, Ryan, Perlman, Stanley, Petersen, Brett W., Petri, William A., Jr., Petti, Cathy A., Philips, Jennifer A., Philley, Julie V., Phillips, Michael, Pickering, Larry K., Piot, Peter, Pogue, Jason M., Polsky, Bruce, Pop-Vicas, Aurora, Portal-Celhay, Cynthia, Powers, John H., III, Price, Richard N., Que, Yok-Ai, Radolf, Justin D., Ram, Sanjay, Ramakrishnan, Lalita, Raoult, Didier, Ravdin, Jonathan I., Reboli, Annette C., Redel, Henry, Reitz, Marvin S., Jr., Relman, David A., Reno, Hilary E.L., Restrepo-Moreno, Ángela, Rex, John H., Rhee, Elizabeth G., Roberts, Norbert J., Jr., Romanovsky, Andrej A., Romero, José R., Rose, Stacey R., Rosenberg, Ronald, Rothman, Alan L., Roy, Craig R., Ruoff, Kathryn L., Rupp, Mark E., Rupprecht, Charles E., Russo, Thomas A., Rutala, William A., Ryan, Edward T., Sajadi, Mohammad M., Salazar, Juan C., Saleeb, Paul G., Sarria, Juan Carlos, Savoia, Maria C., Sax, Paul E., Schiffer, Joshua T., Schlossberg, David, Schneider, Thomas, Schwebke, Jane R., Sears, Cynthia L., Segal, Leopoldo N., Sendi, Parham, Sepkowitz, Kent A., Seregin, Alexey, Shulman, Stanford T., Siberry, George K., Siddiqi, Omar K., Sifri, Costi D., Simberkoff, Michael S., Simonetti, Francesco, Singh, Nina, Singh, Upinder, Smulian, A. George, Sobel, Jack D., Sohail, M. Rizwan, Sorrell, Tania C., Spellberg, Brad, Steckelberg, James M., Steere, Allen C., Steinberg, James P., Stephens, David S., Stephenson, Kathryn E., Sterling, Timothy R., Stevens, David A., Stevens, Dennis L., Stoner, Bradley P., Strahilevitz, Jacob, IV, Charles W. Stratton, Strnad, Luke C., Suh, Kathryn N., Sulkowski, Mark S., Swartz, Morton N., Talati, Naasha J., Talbot, Thomas R., Tan, C. Sabrina, Tan, Ming, Tande, Aaron J., Tesini, Brenda L., Thio, Chloe Lynne, Thomas, Stephen J., Thompson, George R., III, Thorner, Anna R., Tobón-Orozco, Ángela Ma., Tramont, Edmund C., Trautner, Barbara W., Treanor, John J., Trivedi, Hirsh D., Trubiano, Jason, Tsibris, Athe M.N., Tunkel, Allan R., Tyler, Kenneth L., Uluer, Ahmet Z., Urban, Marguerite A., Ustun, Celalettin, Uyeki, Timothy M., van de Beek, Diederik, van der Poll, Tom, van der Velden, Walter J.F.M., Van Schooneveld, Trevor C., Vannier, Edouard, Vellozzi, Claudia, Versalovic, James, Vijayan, Vini, Viscoli, Claudio, Wald, Ellen R., Waldor, Matthew K., Walker, David H., Wallace, Richard J., Jr., Walsh, Edward E., Walsh, Stephen R., Walzer, Peter D., Wanke, Christine A., Ward, Honorine D., Warren, Cirle A., Washburn, Ronald G., Waters, Valerie, Watkins, Richard R., Watts, Matthew R., Weatherhead, Jill, Weber, David J., Weiden, Michael D., Weinberg, Geoffrey A., Weiss, Louis M., Wellems, Thomas E., White, A. Clinton, Jr., Whitley, Richard J., Wiersinga, Willem Joost, Williams, Brett, Wilson, Walter R., Winslow, Dean L., Winthrop, Kevin L., Wong, Karen K., Wortmann, Glenn W., Wright, William F., Wyles, David L., Young, Jo-Anne H., Young, Vincent Bensan, Yun, Nadezhda, Zimmerli, Werner, Zinner, Stephen H., and Zurlo, John J.

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2021
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