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Background: The misuse of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) is highly prevalent among university students, leading to significant public health and social safety concerns. To improve our drug education efforts related to NPSs, we developed a knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP)-based questionnaire for university students. Methods: We developed a KAP-based questionnaire after performing a comprehensive literature review and consulting experts. The questionnaire was then administered to randomly selected college students in Fujian Province. The items were evaluated using the critical ratio, correlation analysis, and Cronbach's α coefficient. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the construct validity of the questionnaire. Subsequently, the convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated. Results: A total of 587 college students were enrolled, including 280 (47.7%) males and 550 (93.7%) students who had received anti-drug education. Item analysis revealed that 3 items did not meet the t value (t < 4) or correlation coefficient thresholds (r < 3) or that Cronbach's α coefficient increased after removing these items. After conducting EFA, 7 items with multiple loading factors above 0.4 or loading factors below 0.4 were removed, and 5 subdimensions were observed. CFA indicated that the questionnaire model exhibited a strong fit and acceptable convergent validity. However, there were some limitations in discriminant validity. The Cronbach's α coefficients for the overall questionnaire and each dimension exceeded 0.9, indicating excellent internal consistency. Additionally, the questionnaire exhibited excellent split-half reliability (Cronbach's α coefficients > 0.8, Spearman-Brown value = 0.982). Conclusion: The questionnaire developed herein exhibited high levels of reliability and validity, making it a suitable KAP-based tool for evaluating NPS-related addiction and harm among university students. These findings can guide the development of drug education and behavioral interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To test the Reason for Exam Imaging Reporting and Data System (RI-RADS) in assessing the quality of radiology requests in an Italian cohort of inpatients; to evaluate the interobserver reliability of RI-RADS. Methods: A single-center quality care study was designed to retrospectively identify consecutive radiology request forms for computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and conventional radiography examinations. One radiologist scored the requests using the RI-RADS. The association between RI-RADS and clinical request variables (urgent request, on-call requests, indication for imaging, requesting specialty, imaging modality, and body region) was evaluated. We calculated interobserver agreement between four readers in a subset of 450 requests. Results: We included 762 imaging requests. RI-RADS grades A (adequate request), B (barely adequate request), C (considerably limited request), D (deficient request), and X were assigned to 8 (1%), 49 (7%), 237 (31%), 404 (53%), and 64 (8%) of cases, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the indication for imaging, body region, and requesting specialty significantly influenced the RI-RADS. Indications for imaging with a high risk of poor RI-RADS grade were routine preoperative imaging and device check requests. The upper extremity was the body region with the highest risk of poor RI-RADS grade. Requesting specialties with a high risk of poor RI-RADS grade were cardiovascular surgery, intensive care medicine, and orthopedics. The analysis of the interobserver agreement revealed substantial agreement for the RI-RADS grade. Conclusion: The majority of radiology exam requests were inadequate according to RI-RADS, especially those for routine imaging. RI-RADS demonstrated substantial reliability, suggesting that it can be satisfactorily employed in clinical settings. Critical relevant statement: The implementation of RI-RADS can provide a framework for standardizing radiology requests, thereby enabling quality assurance and promoting a culture of quality improvement. Key Points: RI-RADS aims to grade the completeness of radiology requests. Over half of the imaging requests were RI-RADS D grade; RI-RADS demonstrated substantial reliability. Most radiology requests were inadequate and RI-RADS could classify them in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to demonstrate how one university worked to overcome some of the measurement problems associated with legacy student rating instruments through the creation and investigation of a new student rating instrument based on the most current scholarship on teaching and learning. Measurement problems with legacy instruments include asking about consumer satisfaction (including the use of global ratings) rather than directly assessing the quality of teaching, asking students for self-reports of learning, and asking students to make judgments about the internal state of their instructors. A new instrument was created to intentionally reduce these problems. The new instrument and its predecessor were both administered by 54 instructors in 81 classes and completed by 2,013 students. The following semester, the new instrument was administered university-wide including 1,450 instructors, 3,669 classes, and 58,320 students. The findings indicate that the new instrument created by this process is both reliable and valid but does not reflect multidimensionality. There is also no compelling evidence of bias according to gender or race. This work illustrates the process by which new and better instruments might be created and tested in order to replace flawed legacy instruments in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is recognized as a chronic relapsing disorder. Alcohol Relapse Risk Scale (ARRS), a multidimensionally self-rating scale, was developed initially by the Japanese to assess the risk of alcohol reuse. The study aimed to validate the reliability and factor structure of the Chinese version of the ARRS (C-ARRS) for patients with AUD. A total of 218 patients diagnosed with AUD according to DSM-5 were recruited for self-administering C-ARRS. We assessed the internal consistency of C-ARRS using Cronbach's α coefficients and examined the factor structure through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Additionally, we investigated the concurrent validity by correlating C-ARRS with the Visual Analog Scale of Alcohol Craving (VAS), Penn Alcohol Craving Score (PACS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores. CFA demonstrated inadequate data fit for the original 32-item C-ARRS, prompting the development of a revised 27-item version consisting of 6 subscales with satisfactory model fit estimates. The 27-item C-ARRS exhibited favorable internal consistency, with Cronbach's α ranging from 0.611 to 0.798, along with adequate factor loadings. The 27-item C-ARRS scores displayed significant correlations with the scores of VAS, PACS, BDI and BAI (p <.001). Our results indicated favorable reliability and factor structure of the 27-item C-ARRS. The significant correlation between the 27-item C-ARRS and clinical measures (such as depression, anxiety, and craving) demonstrates satisfactory concurrent validity. These observations collectively support the feasibility of using 27-item C-ARRS to assess the risk of alcohol relapse in patients with AUD. • AUD is a prevalent psychiatric disorder characterized by a high rate of relapse. • No tools are available in Chinese to assess the relapse risk in patients with AUD. • We validated the 32-item Chinese version of Alcohol Relapse Risk Scale (CARRS). • The modified 27-item C-ARRS version exhibits satisfactory reliability and validity. • C-ARRS could provide information on relapse risk and facilitate early treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Uroflowmetry is often used to assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Criteria for characterization of flow patterns are not well established, and subjective interpretation is the most common approach for flow curve classification. We assessed the reliability of uroflowmetry curve interpretation in adult women. Materials and Methods: Uroflowmetry studies were obtained in 296 women who participated in an observational cohort study. Four investigators with expertise in female LUTS and urodynamics reviewed and categorized each tracing for interrater reliability. A random subset of 50 tracings was re‐reviewed by each investigator for intrarater reliability. The uroflowmetry tracings were rated using categories of continuous, continuous fluctuating, interrupted, and prolonged. Other parameters included flow rate, voided volume, time to maximum flow, and voiding time. Agreement between raters is summarized with kappa (k) statistics and percentage where at least three raters agreed. Results: The mean age of participants was 44.8 ± 18.3 years. Participant age categories were 18–24 years: 20%; 25–34 years: 17%; 35–64 years: 42%; 65+ years: 18%. Nine percent described their race as Asian, 31% Black, 62% White, and 89% were of non‐Hispanic ethnicity. The interrater reliability was highest for the continuous flow category (k = 0.65), 0.47 for prolonged, 0.41 for continuous fluctuating, and 0.39 for interrupted flow curves. Agreement among at least three raters occurred in 74.3% of uroflow curves (69% for continuous, 33% for continuous fluctuating, 23% for interrupted, and 25% for prolonged). For intrarater reliability, the mean k was 0.72 with a range of 0.57–0.85. Conclusions: Currently accepted uroflowmetry pattern categories have fair to moderate interrater reliability, which is lower for flow curves that do not meet "continuous" criteria. Given the subjective nature of interpreting uroflowmetry data, more consistent and clear parameters may enhance reliability for use in research and as a screening tool for LUTS and voiding dysfunction. Trial Registration: Parent trial: Validation of Bladder Health Instrument for Evaluation in Women (VIEW); ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04016298. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trauma is a prevalent issue in public health, where individuals who experience physical injuries are also at risk of compromised mental health. Psychological resilience is considered a positive indicator that can predict the prognosis of trauma patients throughout their traumatic experiences. Currently, there is a lack of tools in China for measuring the psychological resilience of trauma patients. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Trauma Resiliency Scale (tRS-18) into Chinese and to test its reliability and validity in China. Methods: The Trauma Resiliency Scale (tRS-18) was translated into a Chinese version suitable for the Chinese language environment using the Brislin translation model. A convenience sampling method was used to select 588 trauma patients as study subjects. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 14-day test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability. Validity was examined through the content validity index, structural validity, and convergent validity. Structural validity was specifically evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The total variance explained by the single-factor model in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the Chinese version of the tRS-18 was 62.048%, and the factor loading of each item exceeded 0.4. The results of the CFA indicated that the model demonstrated a favorable fit index (X2/df = 1.620; RMSEA = 0.046; SRMR = 0.026; NFI = 0.945; CFI = 0.978; GFI = 0.927; TLI = 0.975; IFI = 0.978). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the reliability index was 0.963, the test-retest reliability was 0.970, and the split-half reliability was 0.964, which were all within the reference value range. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the tRS-18 has good validity and reliability and can be used as an assessment tool for trauma resilience in trauma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aim Study design Results Conclusions Relevance for Clinical Practice Mechanical ventilation is a widely used treatment modality in cardiac surgery intensive care units (ICUs), especially for patients requiring respiratory support during postoperative management.The aim of this study was to define the process of developing a scale to assess adherence to mechanical ventilation in cardiac surgery patients and to assess the validity and reliability of the scale.This is a scale development and scale validation study. The study was conducted with 222 patients between April and September 2023. In the first stage, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with seven nurses. Based on the literature review and content analysis of the interviews, the researchers created an item pool. In the second stage, the validity and reliability of the Mechanical Ventilator Compliance Scale in cardiac surgery patients were assessed. The scale was developed to be used by nurses working in cardiac surgery ICUs.The first 36‐item scale was subjected to content validity assessment by 14 experts. It was revised according to the experts' feedback and a content validity criterion of 0.83 was obtained. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit values for the scale (χ2/SD = 3.09, GFI = 0.90, AGFI = 0.90, CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.06, and RMR = 0.07). Test‐retest analysis to assess the reliability of the scale showed good agreement between responses over time (ICC: 0.932; p < .001). Cronbach's alpha values for the scale and its subscales, behavioural and physical responses were 0.956, 0.949 and 0.912, respectively.The study findings indicate that the scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing mechanical ventilator compliance in cardiac surgery patients.This study provides nurses in cardiac surgery intensive care units with a measurement tool to objectively assess patients' compliance with mechanical ventilation therapy. The scale provides more reliable results by preventing subjective judgement and estimation in patient assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a persistent neurological disorder that profoundly affects the quality of life for afflicted individuals, however, tailored health-related quality of life (QOL) measures for Chinese pediatric GTS patients are lacking. This pioneering study aims to develop a QOL scale for Chinese children with GTS. Methods: A cohort of 1,121 children (aged 6–16 years) diagnosed with GTS participated in scale development. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to assess the factor structure of the GTS-QOL-Chinese, examining goodness-of-fit indices, factor loadings of individual items, and covariances between factors. Validity was determined through interscale correlations and comparisons with external measures to establish convergent and discriminant validity. Results: Following reliability and validity analyses, a Chinese version of the 24-item GTS-specific quality of life scale was conclusively established, encompassing five subscales (psychological, compulsive, cognitive, physical, social). The scale demonstrated high internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.93, and validity was substantiated through interscale correlations ranging from 0.46 to 0.68. EFA identified five factors, explaining 61.26% of the total variation. CFA further confirmed the scale’s robustness, with all goodness-of-fit indicators meeting acceptable criteria (AGFI = 0.86, PCFI = 0.78, GFI = 0.89, CFI = 0.89, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.06). Conclusions: The Chinese version of the GTS-QOL scale has exhibits robust reliability and validity and is valuable for assessing the quality of life of Chinese children and adolescents with GTS. This scale may assist in tailoring interventions and improving patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To culturally adapt the original English Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia to Thai (SARA-TH) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the SARA-TH in assessing ataxia in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients, as assessed by three healthcare professionals. Methods: The SARA underwent translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Thai according to established guidelines. Reliability (e.g., internal consistency, intrarater reliability, interrater reliability) and validity (e.g., content validity, convergent validity) were assessed in a sample of 50 participants with ataxia after acute ischemic stroke or TIA. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between the SARA-TH and the Barthel Index (BI-TH), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS-TH), and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) to assess convergent validity. Interrater and intrarater reliability among experienced and novice neurologists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists were assessed using weighted kappa. Results: The SARA-TH demonstrated good comprehension and exhibited no significant floor or ceiling effects. It showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α≥0.776). Significant correlations were found between the SARA-TH score and the BI-TH score (rs=-0.743 to -0.665), NIHSS-TH score (rs=0.404–0.513), and ICARS score (rs=0.859–0.917). The intrarater reliability for each rater ranged from 0.724 to 1.000 (p<0.01), and the interrater reliability varied from 0.281 to 0.927 (p<0.01). Conclusion: The SARA-TH has excellent internal consistency, validity, and intrarater reliability, as well as acceptable interrater reliability among health professionals with varying levels of experience. It is recommended for assessing ataxia severity in individuals following acute ischemic stroke or TIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ORTO-15 is a commonly used screening instrument for symptoms of Orthorexia Nervosa (ON), an obsessive overconcern with healthy eating. However, its limitations have been evidenced in several published factorial models. We analyzed the psychometric properties of seven different ORTO-15 factorial models using data from Brazilian adult participants (n = 1455; 71.4% women; M age = 29.5, SD = 8.9 years) from the country's five macro-regions who answered online questions for sample characterization and completed the Portuguese version of the ORTO-15 containing 15 items. We tested the fit of each model separately, analyzing data for men and women with separate confirmatory factor analysis, and using the Weighted Least Squares Mean and Variance Adjusted estimation method and goodness-of-fit indices. We also calculated the average variance extracted and the alpha ordinal and omega coefficients to analyze the convergent validity and reliability of the factors. None of the models tested presented adequate properties of validity and reliability. Although we found some acceptable reliability coefficients, they do not guarantee the validity of the data. Future investigators should be cautious when choosing the ORTO-15 for ON screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the Sexual Quality of Life Scale-Male version in men with cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted with 148 male patients who were hospitalized in a Training and Research Hospital Cardiology clinic, met the inclusion criteria, volunteered to participate in the study, were married or had a partner. The data were collected between May-June 2018 using the Descriptive Characteristics Questionnaire and the Sexual Quality of Life Scale-Male form. The data were evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis, item total score correlation and Cronbach alpha analysis. According to the results of confirmatory factor analysis, it was found that the fit indices of the scale were .84 and above, factor loads were between 0.30-0.59, and the Cronbach a coefficient was 0.97. In line with the results of the study, it was determined that the Sexual Life Quality Scale-Male version is a valid and reliable measurement tool in evaluating the sexual quality of life in men with cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop a workplace breastfeeding support scale for working mothers and examine their psychometric properties. This methodological research was conducted between February and April 2022. This study included 325 mothers who continued breastfeeding while working. The tool development stages included item generation, expert review for content validity testing, and psychometric testing. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews between February and April 2022. In data analysis, for explanatory factor analysis, the direct oblimin technique and scree plot test were performed. Structural equation modeling was performed for confirmatory factor analysis. Two sub-dimensions (manager support, environmental support) and a nine-item workplace breastfeeding support scale showed good validity and reliability. The Cronbach's alpha value of the total scale and sub-dimensions of the scale were greater than 0.70. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit indices were acceptable (χ2 = 68.658, χ2/df = 2.64, CFI = 0.94, GFI = 0.96, AGFI = 0.92, and RMSEA = 0.07). The total variance explained by the scale was 54.32 percent. This newly developed 9-item and 2-dimensional version is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the working mothers' perception of workplace breastfeeding support. This tool is recommended to be verified in other low, middle, and high-income countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quantifying the professional ethical challenges that nurses encounter is crucial for both theoretical insights and practical outcomes. The objective of this research is to assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese adaptation of the Moral Distress Scale for Healthcare Professionals (MD-APPS). Methods: In 2024, a survey approach was utilized to engage with several tertiary-level healthcare institutions throughout China. A cohort of 448 nursing professionals who satisfied the specified selection benchmarks was consequently incorporated into the study. To evaluate the scale's reliability and validity, methods including the Content Validity Index (CVI), Factor Analysis—both Exploratory (EFA) and Confirmatory (CFA)—alongside assessments of internal consistency and test-retest reliability were employed. Results: Expert evaluations yielded an I-CVI of 0.90, suggesting good content validity for the MD-APPS's Chinese adaptation. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed a bi-dimensional framework with 7 components, explaining 56.34% of the cumulative variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) outcomes displayed a χ-square/df ratio of 1.542. The estimate for Robust RMSEA was 0.054, and the SRMR was ascertained to be 0.041. Indices for both Robust TLI and Robust CFI surpassed the 0.9 threshold, indicating an acceptable fit; this aspect was supported by a P-value (Chi-square) of 0.094. The internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's α, was found to be 0.74, while the test-retest reliability over a two-week period reached 0.964. These findings provide initial evidence for the psychometric properties of the Chinese MD-APPS. Conclusion: The Chinese adaptation of the MD-APPS demonstrates promising initial psychometric properties, suggesting its potential suitability for exploring nurses' professional ethical challenges within the Chinese cultural context. This scale may facilitate the identification of diverse elements influencing nurses' professional ethics and the assessment of the ethical climate in nursing practices. However, further validation studies are needed to fully establish its psychometric robustness across various healthcare settings in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the test-retest reliability of the L test under single and dual-task conditions in women with fibromyalgia. To analyze the concurrent validity of the L test and Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and the relationship between the L test and the impact of the disease. A cross-sectional study with 22 women with fibromyalgia. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) 3,1 evaluated the reliability. The concurrent validity was established between the L test and the TUG. The Pearson product-moment correlation assessed the correlation between the L test and the impact of the disease. Results revealed an ICC of 0.95 (0.876–0.979) in the single condition with the stopwatch and 0.95 (0.872–0.978) with the Chronopic. In the dual-task condition 0.93 (0.832–0.971) with the stopwatch and 0.94 (0.854–0.975) with the Chronopic. The L test and the TUG showed significant relationships with a stopwatch in the single (test-r = 0.839; retest-r = 0.897) and the dual-task conditions (test-r = 0.793; retest-r = 0.882). These findings were also found with the Chronopic in the single (test-r = 0.876; retest-r = 0.901) and the dual-task conditions (test-r = 0.872; retest-r = 0.897). Significant relationships were found between the L test and the impact of the disease with a stopwatch in the single (test-r = 0.502; retest-r = 0.647) and the dual-task conditions (test-r = 0.428; retest-r = 0.571). And with the Chronopic in the single (test-r = 0.528; retest-r = 0.663) and the dual-task conditions (test-r = 0.482; retest-r = 0.608). L test is a reliable tool under single and dual-task conditions in women with fibromyalgia. This test is a valid method when compared with the TUG, and it is related to the impact of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The disabilities of arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaire addresses the patient's disabilities and symptoms to evaluate the extent and the impact of injuries in the patient's daily-life activities. This study aims to develop a valid and reliable adaptation of DASH into the Kurdish language and culture (DASH-KU). Methods American Association of Orthopedic Surgeons Outcomes Committee guideline was used for the cross-cultural adaptation of DASH to the Kurdish version. This study was conducted at the Shahid Saifaddin consultation clinic in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq between April and October 2022. A total of 300 participants, who were included in the study using an available sampling method, completed the self-report DASH-KU questionnaire during two consecutive assessments with a 24-hour interval. Results The DASH-KU questionnaire demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.99) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.99). A strong correlation between DASH-KU scores and the patient-rated wrist/hand evaluation tool (r = 0.792) supported its construct validity. Bland–Altman plots showed good agreement between assessments with no floor (3%) or ceiling (0%) effects. Factor analysis found the scale had high adequacy (0.700) and significant sphericity (p < 0.001). The major factor explained 40% of variance with an eigenvalue of 13.14. Additionally, a five-item model explained 81.23% of DASH-KU variance, though responsiveness was suboptimal, possibly due to the short 24-hour interval between measurements. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that DASH-KU has excellent reliability and validity in identifying upper limb injuries, and the psychometric properties of DASH-KU were similar to its original version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To develop a tool to assess pre-writing skills of 2-5 y old children in India. Methods: The tool development process followed the recommendations by Fitzpatrick et al. and the Consensus based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN), and included 4 phases. In Phase I, an initial 35-item draft tool was developed by an expert panel for the tool-development. In Phase II, the 35-item draft tool was prevalidated through peer and expert reviews, pilot-study to assess the tool-comprehensibility, and assessment of test-retest and inter-rater reliability. In Phase III, the 35-item draft tool was administered on the 575 typically developing children aged 2-5 y, recruited from rural, urban, slum, and coastal areas through stratified random sampling. In Phase IV, the normative age-range for development of each item was generated by calculating the age-percentiles (10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th). Factor analysis and item reduction was done for items in 2-3, 3-4, and 4-5 y age-groups. The final tool was converted to graphic format with 10th-90th age-percentile bars. Results: The final tool had 26 items with a three-factor structure. Cronbach's alpha was within acceptable limits for all three age-groups (0.723, 0.778, and 0.823 in 2-3 y, 3-4 y, and 4-5 y respectively). Kappa coefficients of the items ranged from 0.6-1 in interrater reliability and 0.64-1 test-retest reliability analysis reflecting substantial agreement between ratings. Conclusions: A 26-item screening tool "Prewriting skills Assessment Tool" (PAT) to assess writing readiness of 2-5 y old children was developed. Tool reliability and construct validity have been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The misuse of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) is highly prevalent among university students, leading to significant public health and social safety concerns. To improve our drug education efforts related to NPSs, we developed a knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP)-based questionnaire for university students. Methods We developed a KAP-based questionnaire after performing a comprehensive literature review and consulting experts. The questionnaire was then administered to randomly selected college students in Fujian Province. The items were evaluated using the critical ratio, correlation analysis, and Cronbach’s α coefficient. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to assess the construct validity of the questionnaire. Subsequently, the convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated. Results A total of 587 college students were enrolled, including 280 (47.7%) males and 550 (93.7%) students who had received anti-drug education. Item analysis revealed that 3 items did not meet the t value (t 0.8, Spearman-Brown value = 0.982). Conclusion The questionnaire developed herein exhibited high levels of reliability and validity, making it a suitable KAP-based tool for evaluating NPS-related addiction and harm among university students. These findings can guide the development of drug education and behavioral interventions.

Abstract Objectives To test the Reason for Exam Imaging Reporting and Data System (RI-RADS) in assessing the quality of radiology requests in an Italian cohort of inpatients; to evaluate the interobserver reliability of RI-RADS. Methods A single-center quality care study was designed to retrospectively identify consecutive radiology request forms for computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and conventional radiography examinations. One radiologist scored the requests using the RI-RADS. The association between RI-RADS and clinical request variables (urgent request, on-call requests, indication for imaging, requesting specialty, imaging modality, and body region) was evaluated. We calculated interobserver agreement between four readers in a subset of 450 requests. Results We included 762 imaging requests. RI-RADS grades A (adequate request), B (barely adequate request), C (considerably limited request), D (deficient request), and X were assigned to 8 (1%), 49 (7%), 237 (31%), 404 (53%), and 64 (8%) of cases, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the indication for imaging, body region, and requesting specialty significantly influenced the RI-RADS. Indications for imaging with a high risk of poor RI-RADS grade were routine preoperative imaging and device check requests. The upper extremity was the body region with the highest risk of poor RI-RADS grade. Requesting specialties with a high risk of poor RI-RADS grade were cardiovascular surgery, intensive care medicine, and orthopedics. The analysis of the interobserver agreement revealed substantial agreement for the RI-RADS grade. Conclusion The majority of radiology exam requests were inadequate according to RI-RADS, especially those for routine imaging. RI-RADS demonstrated substantial reliability, suggesting that it can be satisfactorily employed in clinical settings. Critical relevant statement The implementation of RI-RADS can provide a framework for standardizing radiology requests, thereby enabling quality assurance and promoting a culture of quality improvement. Key Points RI-RADS aims to grade the completeness of radiology requests. Over half of the imaging requests were RI-RADS D grade; RI-RADS demonstrated substantial reliability. Most radiology requests were inadequate and RI-RADS could classify them in clinical practice. Graphical Abstract

Objective To culturally adapt the original English Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia to Thai (SARA-TH) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the SARA-TH in assessing ataxia in acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients, as assessed by three healthcare professionals. Methods The SARA underwent translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Thai according to established guidelines. Reliability (e.g., internal consistency, intrarater reliability, interrater reliability) and validity (e.g., content validity, convergent validity) were assessed in a sample of 50 participants with ataxia after acute ischemic stroke or TIA. Spearman correlation analysis was used to examine the relationships between the SARA-TH and the Barthel Index (BI-TH), the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS-TH), and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) to assess convergent validity. Interrater and intrarater reliability among experienced and novice neurologists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists were assessed using weighted kappa. Results The SARA-TH demonstrated good comprehension and exhibited no significant floor or ceiling effects. It showed excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α≥0.776). Significant correlations were found between the SARA-TH score and the BI-TH score (rs=-0.743 to -0.665), NIHSS-TH score (rs=0.404–0.513), and ICARS score (rs=0.859–0.917). The intrarater reliability for each rater ranged from 0.724 to 1.000 (p

Abstract Background Trauma is a prevalent issue in public health, where individuals who experience physical injuries are also at risk of compromised mental health. Psychological resilience is considered a positive indicator that can predict the prognosis of trauma patients throughout their traumatic experiences. Currently, there is a lack of tools in China for measuring the psychological resilience of trauma patients. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Trauma Resiliency Scale (tRS-18) into Chinese and to test its reliability and validity in China. Methods The Trauma Resiliency Scale (tRS-18) was translated into a Chinese version suitable for the Chinese language environment using the Brislin translation model. A convenience sampling method was used to select 588 trauma patients as study subjects. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, 14-day test-retest reliability, and split-half reliability. Validity was examined through the content validity index, structural validity, and convergent validity. Structural validity was specifically evaluated through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results The total variance explained by the single-factor model in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of the Chinese version of the tRS-18 was 62.048%, and the factor loading of each item exceeded 0.4. The results of the CFA indicated that the model demonstrated a favorable fit index (X2/df = 1.620; RMSEA = 0.046; SRMR = 0.026; NFI = 0.945; CFI = 0.978; GFI = 0.927; TLI = 0.975; IFI = 0.978). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the reliability index was 0.963, the test-retest reliability was 0.970, and the split-half reliability was 0.964, which were all within the reference value range. Conclusion The Chinese version of the tRS-18 has good validity and reliability and can be used as an assessment tool for trauma resilience in trauma patients.

Abstract Background Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a persistent neurological disorder that profoundly affects the quality of life for afflicted individuals, however, tailored health-related quality of life (QOL) measures for Chinese pediatric GTS patients are lacking. This pioneering study aims to develop a QOL scale for Chinese children with GTS. Methods A cohort of 1,121 children (aged 6–16 years) diagnosed with GTS participated in scale development. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to assess the factor structure of the GTS-QOL-Chinese, examining goodness-of-fit indices, factor loadings of individual items, and covariances between factors. Validity was determined through interscale correlations and comparisons with external measures to establish convergent and discriminant validity. Results Following reliability and validity analyses, a Chinese version of the 24-item GTS-specific quality of life scale was conclusively established, encompassing five subscales (psychological, compulsive, cognitive, physical, social). The scale demonstrated high internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.93, and validity was substantiated through interscale correlations ranging from 0.46 to 0.68. EFA identified five factors, explaining 61.26% of the total variation. CFA further confirmed the scale’s robustness, with all goodness-of-fit indicators meeting acceptable criteria (AGFI = 0.86, PCFI = 0.78, GFI = 0.89, CFI = 0.89, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.06). Conclusions The Chinese version of the GTS-QOL scale has exhibits robust reliability and validity and is valuable for assessing the quality of life of Chinese children and adolescents with GTS. This scale may assist in tailoring interventions and improving patient care.

Abstract Background Quantifying the professional ethical challenges that nurses encounter is crucial for both theoretical insights and practical outcomes. The objective of this research is to assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese adaptation of the Moral Distress Scale for Healthcare Professionals (MD-APPS). Methods In 2024, a survey approach was utilized to engage with several tertiary-level healthcare institutions throughout China. A cohort of 448 nursing professionals who satisfied the specified selection benchmarks was consequently incorporated into the study. To evaluate the scale's reliability and validity, methods including the Content Validity Index (CVI), Factor Analysis—both Exploratory (EFA) and Confirmatory (CFA)—alongside assessments of internal consistency and test-retest reliability were employed. Results Expert evaluations yielded an I-CVI of 0.90, suggesting good content validity for the MD-APPS's Chinese adaptation. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed a bi-dimensional framework with 7 components, explaining 56.34% of the cumulative variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) outcomes displayed a χ-square/df ratio of 1.542. The estimate for Robust RMSEA was 0.054, and the SRMR was ascertained to be 0.041. Indices for both Robust TLI and Robust CFI surpassed the 0.9 threshold, indicating an acceptable fit; this aspect was supported by a P-value (Chi-square) of 0.094. The internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's α, was found to be 0.74, while the test-retest reliability over a two-week period reached 0.964. These findings provide initial evidence for the psychometric properties of the Chinese MD-APPS. Conclusion The Chinese adaptation of the MD-APPS demonstrates promising initial psychometric properties, suggesting its potential suitability for exploring nurses' professional ethical challenges within the Chinese cultural context. This scale may facilitate the identification of diverse elements influencing nurses' professional ethics and the assessment of the ethical climate in nursing practices. However, further validation studies are needed to fully establish its psychometric robustness across various healthcare settings in China.

Abstract Purpose Considering the key roles and responsibilities of nurses in ensuring medication safety, it is necessary to understand nurses’ competence in medication safety. Therefore, it was aimed to introduce a scale evaluating the medication safety competence of nurses into Turkish and to contribute to the literature by determining the medication safety competence levels of nurses. Methods A methodological and descriptive research design was utilised. The population consisted of nurses in Turkey, and the sample comprised 523 nurses who volunteered to participate. Results The content validity index of the scale was 0.98, and the scale showed a good fit (χ2/df = 3.00, RMSEA = 0.062). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.97, indicating high reliability. The mean score was 4.12, which was considered high. Participants who were 40 years old or above, married, and graduates of health vocational schools or postgraduate programs, along with those who had received medication safety training, had higher medication safety competence scores. Conclusion This study presents strong evidence that the Turkish version of the Medication Safety Competency Scale is valid and reliable when administered to nurses. The participants in this study had high levels of medication safety competence.

Background and Objectives: The high prevalence of psychological disorders and the low utilization rate of mental health services underscore the need to examine and evaluate the barriers to seeking psychological help. There are limited tools available for assessing these barriers, and in Iran, no instrument currently exists that fits the culture and conditions of the society. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Barriers to Seeking Psychological Help Scale. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-evaluative study was carried out in 2024 in Iran. The statistical population consisted of all Iranian individuals aged 18 to 65. Out of which, 227 individuals were selected using convenience sampling and completed questionnaires of Barriers to Seeking Psychological Help, Mental Health Literacy, Attitudes Towards Seeking Psychological Help, and Self-Concealment. Construct validity, convergent and divergent validity, and reliability were assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis results indicated a good fit for the 5-factor model. Significant correlations between the obtained factors and the scales of mental health literacy, attitudes towards seeking help, and self-concealment confirmed the scale's convergent and divergent validity. The reliability of the scale, measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, was 0.91 for the total score. Conclusion: Based on the results, the Persian version of the Barriers to Seeking Psychological Help Scale has a 5-factor structure and possesses the necessary validity and reliability for use in psychological research within the Iranian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Psychiatry is the property of Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences / Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of SPORMETRE: The Journal of Physical Education & Sport Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Considering the key roles and responsibilities of nurses in ensuring medication safety, it is necessary to understand nurses' competence in medication safety. Therefore, it was aimed to introduce a scale evaluating the medication safety competence of nurses into Turkish and to contribute to the literature by determining the medication safety competence levels of nurses. Methods: A methodological and descriptive research design was utilised. The population consisted of nurses in Turkey, and the sample comprised 523 nurses who volunteered to participate. Results: The content validity index of the scale was 0.98, and the scale showed a good fit (χ2/df = 3.00, RMSEA = 0.062). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.97, indicating high reliability. The mean score was 4.12, which was considered high. Participants who were 40 years old or above, married, and graduates of health vocational schools or postgraduate programs, along with those who had received medication safety training, had higher medication safety competence scores. Conclusion: This study presents strong evidence that the Turkish version of the Medication Safety Competency Scale is valid and reliable when administered to nurses. The participants in this study had high levels of medication safety competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validate the Preschool Nutrition Education Practices Survey. Iterative approach combining design-based research and Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Los Angeles, CA and Philadelphia, PA Early Care and Education (ECE) classrooms. Expert panel members (n = 7); ECE teachers: interviews (n = 8), pilot survey (n = 31), and final survey (n = 136). Early care and education nutrition education practices used in the classroom either during class time or mealtime. Qualitative content analysis was implemented for content, response process, and consequences of testing validity evidence. Rasch rating scale analysis was conducted for the response process and internal structure validity and reliability evidence. Qualitative field-testing produced strong content, response process, and consequences of testing validity evidence to inform survey modifications. Quantitative field-testing generated a psychometrically sound, well-targeted 12-item survey on a 4-point frequency scale with excellent item and person reliability (0.97 and 0.93 respectively) and separation (5.36 and 3.77 respectively); good Rasch Principal Components Analysis findings (60.3%); and productive item fit statistics (0.50–1.50 logits). Robust validity (content, response process, consequences of testing, internal structure) and reliability evidence were demonstrated for using the Preschool Nutrition Education Practices Survey to assess ECE teachers' use of nutrition education practices. Future research is needed to examine its relationship to other variables, such as nutrition teaching efficacy, and to determine its ability to detect change in ECE nutrition education practices over time and across groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To compare the quality of optic nerve photographs from three different handheld fundus cameras and to assess the reproducibility and agreement of vertical cup-to-disk ratio (VCDR) measurements from each camera. Methods Adult patients from a comprehensive ophthalmology clinic and an intravitreous injection clinic in northern Thailand were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Each participant had optic nerve photography performed with each of 3 handheld cameras: the Volk iNview, Volk Pictor Plus, and Peek Retina. Images were graded for VCDR in a masked fashion by two photo-graders and images with > 0.2 discrepancy in VCDR were assessed by a third photo-grader. Results A total of 355 eyes underwent imaging with three different handheld fundus cameras. Optic nerve images were judged ungradable in 130 (37%) eyes imaged with Peek Retina, compared to 36 (10%) and 55 (15%) eyes imaged with the iNview and Pictor Plus, respectively. For 193 eyes with gradable images from all 3 cameras, inter-rater reliability for VCDR measurements was poor or moderate for each of the cameras, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.41 to 0.52. A VCDR ≥ 0.6 was found in 6 eyes on iNview images, 9 eyes on Pictor Plus images, and 3 eyes on Peek images, with poor agreement between cameras (e.g., no eyes graded as VCDR ≥ 0.6 on images from both the iNview and Pictor Plus). Conclusions Inter-rater reliability of VCDR grades from 3 handheld cameras was poor. Cameras did not agree on which eyes had large VCDRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses make decision for patients and the quality of nurses' decision making can affect patient outcomes. For some reason, nurses are experiencing impaired decision making and it can negatively impact patient care. A valid and reliable instrument to assess decision fatigue may let people know about the concept and guide the development of new policies or interventions for Korean nurses' decision fatigue. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the decision fatigue scale. The design was a cross-sectional descriptive study and convenience sampling was used to recruit participants. A total of 247 nurses from across South Korea participated in an online survey. The survey consisted of demographic questionnaires, decision fatigue scale, nursing practice environment scale, and compassion fatigue scale. It was validated through confirmatory factor analysis that the Korean version of the decision fatigue scale was a single factor with the same structure as the original scale. The Korean version of the decision fatigue scale showed significant correlations with compassion fatigue, and the scale showed appropriate internal consistency. This study established well enough the psychometric characteristics of the Korean version of decision fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Confident and proficient participation in physical activities throughout life relies on mastering Fundamental Motor Skills. Given the need for more effective solutions in assessing fundamental basic skills in both children and adolescents, the present study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Fundamental Motor Skills test in sports (FUS) among Iranian children and adolescents. Methods: This was a descriptive-correlation study with a cross-sectional design. A total number of 1500 children (750 girls and 750 boys) aged 7 to 14 with an average age of 10.63±2.54 were selected from eleven districts of Shiraz, Iran in the academic year of 2023-2024 through cluster sampling technique. For data collection, FUS test was used. The test was translated into Persian using an independent double-reverse translation method prior to its use. The content validity of the translated test was carefully verified and confirmed. Before testing each skill, the students were provided with a brief explanation about the importance and how to implement the skill. To analyze the data, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Pearson intraclass correlation coefficient, and One-sample t-test were employed. A significance level of α=0.05 was applied and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that all fit indices, except for Comparative Fit Index (GFI), exceed the threshold of 0.90. The results of the impact score revealed that all subscales achieved a score of 1.5 or higher, indicating satisfactory face validity. The results of the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) demonstrated that all subscales of the FUS test met or exceeded the threshold specified by the Lawshe Table (0.62). The results of the Content Validity Index (CVI) similarly revealed that all subscales of the FUS test attained a CVI score exceeding 0.79. Both inter-rater (0.96-0.97) and intra-rater (exceeding 0.96) reliability demonstrated considerable to nearly complete agreement. Detective agreements for FUS assignments ranged from 79.6% to 94.5%. A moderate positive correlation was noted between the Ball bouncing task and both the Forward roll (r=0.35; P=0.004) and Throwing & Catching tasks (r=0.39; P=0.002). Other relationships were either below average. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values, ranging between 0.93 and 0.98, affirm outstanding test-retest reliability. Conclusions: The results of our study demonstrated that the FUS test is both feasible and effective for use in school settings. Therefore, the FUS test holds promise in facilitating the enhancement of motor proficiency by offering a standardized and systematic means of evaluating Fundamental Motor Skills in school-age children and adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES-C) among stroke survivors. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 160 stroke survivors recruited from the three neurology departments in China. Reliability, concurrent validity, and construct validity of the scale were determined. The MSES-C whole scale showed good internal consistency with a Cronbach's α of 0.953. There was a moderate to a strong positive correlation between the MSES-C and Chinese version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (r = 0.695, p < 0.000), a strong positive correlation between the MSES-C and Chinese version of the stroke specific self-efficacy scale (r = 0.801, p < 0.000), positive correlations between the MSES-C and Chinese versions of the Modified Barthel Index (r = 0.695, p < 0.000), and a negative correlation between the MSES-C and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (r = –0.511, p < 0.000). Known-group validity was also supported. The MSES-C is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing self-efficacy in Chinese stroke survivors. The Chinese version of the Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale demonstrated good internal consistency and showed satisfactory concurrent and construct validity among stroke survivors. The Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale can be used to assess stroke recovery among the Chinese population in clinical and research settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Leg Activity Measure is the only self-report measure that has been published to date that takes into account both the influence on quality of life and passive and active function in the literature. The purpose is to examine the translation, cross-cultural adaptation validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Leg Activity Measure (Tr-LegA). Neurological patients (n = 52) with lower limb spasticity (aged 47.09 ± 14.74 years) were enrolled. The study consisted of two stages. At the first stage, the scale was translated into Turkish and culturally adapted. Validity and reliability analyses were conducted at the second stage. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI), Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) were used for convergent validity. The reproducibility (test-retest reliability) was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Furthermore, the standard error of measurement (SEM) was calculated. EFA suggested one factor for the Passive Function and two factors for the Active Function and Impact on Quality of Life Scales (QoL). Tr-LegA Passive and Active Function Scales were correlated with the total RMI, NHP, and FIM (p < 0.05). Tr-LegA Impact on Quality of Life Scale was correlated with the RMI and NHP (p < 0.05). Tr-LegA Passive Function Scale (ICC = 0.997), Tr-LegA Active Function Scale (ICC = 0.996), and Tr-LegA Impact on Quality of Life Scale (ICC = 0.976) had good reliability. Only Passive Function Scale had a significant floor effect (25%). Tr-LegA is a valid and reliable multidimensional scale for passive and active function and quality of life in patients with lower limb spasticity. NCT05182411. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aging society in Japan is progressing rapidly compared with that in the United States and European countries. Aging limits activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults, declining their lives and functions at home. Therefore, improving their ADL to effectively support their functioning at home for as long as possible is vital. Consequently, supporters need to have a common understanding, be promptly aware of the decline in ADL, and quickly introduce rehabilitation. The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Barthel Index (BI) are the main scales used to quantitatively assess ADL. However, previous studies have reported that FIM requires specialized knowledge for evaluation, and BI does not appropriately capture changes in ADL. The Self-Assessment Burden Scale-Motor (SAB-M) was developed as a scale for family caregivers to appropriately assess changes in ADL in older adults. Previous studies using the SAB-M have confirmed its reliability and validity in hospitalized patients as assessed by their family caregivers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the SAB-M among community-dwelling older adults as assessed by their family caregivers. Methods: This study included community-dwelling older adults who received home-visit rehabilitation at the first author's facility between October 2020 and December 2020 in Japan. Following previous studies, the SAB-M was used by family caregivers to assess 20 older adults twice for intra-rater reliability. Furthermore, 168 older adults were evaluated by family caregivers for internal consistency using the SAB-M. For criterion validity, the SAB-M was used for the assessment by family caregivers, and therapists used the FIM-Motor (FIM-M). This study used the weighted kappa, Cronbach's alpha, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients for the statistical analysis of intra-rater reliability, internal consistency, and criterion validity, respectively. Results: The weighted kappa coefficient for the total score was 0.98 (p < 0.01) and individual item, it was 0.93 for feeding (p < 0.01), 0.91 for bathing (p < 0.01), 0.98 for dressing (p < 0.01), 0.94 for transfer (p < 0.01), 0.94 for walking/wheelchair (p < 0.01), 0.95 for stairs (p < 0.01), and 0.96 for bladder management (p < 0.01). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.93 for the seven items. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between the SAB-M and FIM-M scores was 0.91 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The SAB-M has sufficient reliability and validity among community-dwelling older adults. Family caregivers can routinely assess changes in the ADL of community-dwelling older adults using the SAB-M, enabling them to promptly consider introducing rehabilitation when older adults' ADL declines. Therefore, implementing SAB-M helps older adults live and function at home for as long as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Literacy of health professionals on patient safety aims to prevent and reduce risks and adverse events in healthcare. Objective: The objective of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate for Portugal of the World Health Organization Questionnaire to Assess the Implementation of the Multiprofessional Guide. Methodology: Following the cultural adaptation process, we carried out a psychometric analysis on a sample of 300 health professionals. The scale was tested for apparent and content validity. Psychometric properties were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α) through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Results: Exploratory factor analysis led to a tetra factor structure that accounted for 43.0% of the variance and had an overall alpha of 0.759. The hypothesized structure was submitted to confirmatory factor analysis, and the following items were eliminated from factors 1, 2, and 3 and the respective items: 7; 5; and 3, 4, 5, and 6, due to multicollinearity problems. Overall good-of-fit indexes are reliable. Conclusions: The “KIT TOOL-S2 TEXT” scale presents a factor structure with satisfactory validity and reliability results, adequately representing the constructs in question.

Introduction: With the rapid rise of the Internet, it has become an indispensable part of adolescents’ learning and lives. To promote sustainable development of the Internet, fostering good Internet moral literacy among adolescents is particularly important. Given the current absence of a Chinese version of the Internet Moral Literacy Scale suitable for adolescents, this study translated and conducted two studies on the scale developed by Lau and Yuen. Methods: In Study 1, item analysis and factor validity analysis of the scale were conducted with 343 adolescents from China. In Study 2, a large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted to analyze descriptive statistics, factor validity, measurement invariance across genders, difference analysis, and concurrent validity of the scale. The study 2 involved 7837 Chinese adolescents. Results: The results from study 1 showed that most items met the specified criteria. However, one item exhibited higher internal consistency than the overall Cronbach’s alpha value when removed. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a more suitable two-dimensional model, with one item showing cross-loading issues. Study 2 revealed that the Internet Moral Literacy Scale had good internal reliability, and the two-factor structure exhibited excellent factor validity. In addition, significant gender differences in Internet moral literacy levels were identified, with males scoring lower than females. A significant negative correlation was found between Internet moral literacy and both cyberbullying (r = −0.87, P < 0.001) and moral disengagement (r = −0.75, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Chinese version of the Internet Moral Literacy Scale has good psychometric properties.

Summary: Purpose: This study developed a resilience scale for kidney transplantation (RS-KTPL) and assessed its reliability and validity. Methods: During the tool development phase, the concept of resilience in 10 patients who had undergone a kidney transplant was analyzed by integrating results from the theoretical and field research stages. Initial tool items were then derived. These items underwent content validity verification, item review, and a preliminary survey. The validation phase involved two main surveys, conducted using the preliminary 59 items derived from the development phase for data gathering. The first survey had 266 participants, and the second had 205 participants. Using the collected data, the structural validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, criterion validity, and reliability of the tool items were verified, ultimately establishing the final items. Results: The RS-KTPL comprises six factors with 27 items confirmed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on a 4-point Likert scale: positive thought transition through recovery belief, supportive relationships with others, self-awareness of negative psychological reactions, physical health control, homeostasis control, and supportive relationships with medical staff. The cumulative explanation of the tool was 50.71%. The model fit of the RS-KTPL was represented as follows: GFI 0.88, CFI 0.93, TLI 0.91, RMSEA 0.04, and SRMRI 0.06. Convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity were also secured. The reliability of the tool, measured by Cronbach α was 0.87. Conclusions: The RS-KTPL can be used to identify the level of resilience in patients who have undergone a kidney transplant, enabling them to recognize their strengths and areas of improvement for enhanced resilience. This tool can be applied in clinical nursing practices to comprehensively assess the resilience of patients with a kidney transplant, providing direction for nursing intervention plans to enhance patient resilience.

Abstract Background Depression is a complex mental health disorder marked by persistent sadness, hopelessness, and reduced interest in daily activities. The present study developed the Afghanistan National Depression Screening (ANDs) scale and examined its psychometric properties within the Afghan population. Methods The study enrolled 1245 Afghan individuals as participants. The items within the ANDs scale were developed through a thorough examination of pre-existing depression scales, expert assessments, and participant interviews. Multiple psychometric evaluations were administered to ensure the reliability and validity of the scale. Results After review and corrected item-total correlation testing, 15-items exhibiting acceptable corrected item-total correlation coefficients (ranging from 0.315 to 0.647) were retained and further validated through significant factor loadings (ranging from 0.358 to 0.725). Additionally, various properties assessed through classical test theory demonstrated satisfactory results on the 15-item scale. Specifically, measures of reliability such as internal consistency (α = 0.846) and Spearman-Brown coefficient (0.975) were deemed acceptable. Convergent validity was evidenced by strong correlations with established scales, including the DASS-21 (depression subscale, r = 0.854), GHQ-28 (depression subscale, r = 0.693), CES-D 20 (r = 0.922), and PHQ-9 (r = 0.758). Conclusion The 15-item ANDs scale is developed to assess depression in Afghan populations, showing promise in correlation with established measures like PHQ-9, DASS-21, CESD-20, and GHQ-28. Its potential for identifying depression symptoms warrants further investigation in epidemiological studies and clinical settings, though replication across diverse samples is necessary for generalizability.

AbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsConclusionThere is still a requirement for concise, practical scales that can be readily incorporated into everyday schedules and predict the likelihood of dementia onset in individuals without dementia. This study aimed to assess the reliability of the ANU-ADRI (Australian National University Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Index)-Short Form in Turkish geriatric patients.This methodological study involved 339 elderly patients attending the geriatric outpatient clinic for various reasons. The known-group validity and divergent validity were assessed. The ANU-ADRI was administered during the baseline test and again within one week for retest purposes. Alongside the ANU-ADRI, all participants underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment, including Activities of Daily Living (ADL), mobility assessment (Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) and Timed Up and Go Test), nutritional assessment (Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)), and global cognition evaluation (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)).The scale demonstrated satisfactory linguistic validity. A correlation was observed between the mean scores of the ANU-ADRI test and retest (r = 0.997, p < 0.001). Additionally, there existed a moderate negative linear association between the ANU-ADRI and MMSE scores (r = −0.310, p < 0.001), POMA (r = −0.406, p < 0.001), Basic ADL (r = −0.359, p < 0.001), and Instrumental ADL (r = −0.294, p < 0.001). Moreover, a moderate positive linear association was found between the ANU-ADRI and the Timed Up and Go Test duration (r = 0.538, p < 0.001).The ANU-ADRI-Short Form was proved as a valuable tool for clinical practice, facilitating the assessment of Alzheimer’s disease risk within the Turkish geriatric population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the estimation of intracluster correlation for ordinal data. We focus on pure-tone audiometry hearing threshold data, where thresholds are measured in 5 decibel increments. We estimate the intracluster correlation for tests from iPhone-based hearing assessment applications as a measure of test/retest reliability. We present a method to estimate the intracluster correlation using mixed effects cumulative logistic and probit models, which assume the outcome data are ordinal. This contrasts with using a mixed effects linear model which assumes that the outcome data are continuous. In simulation studies, we show that using a mixed effects linear model to estimate the intracluster correlation for ordinal data results in a negative finite sample bias, while using mixed effects cumulative logistic or probit models reduces this bias. The estimated intracluster correlation for the iPhone-based hearing assessment application is higher when using the mixed effects cumulative logistic and probit models compared to using a mixed effects linear model. When data are ordinal, using mixed effects cumulative logistic or probit models reduces the bias of intracluster correlation estimates relative to using a mixed effects linear model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sit-to-stand (STS) movement is fundamental in daily life. STS tasks have been used to assess lower limb muscle strength, balance control, and functional abilities in various populations, but limited information is available on their use in older individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Objective: We here examined the intra-rater, inter-rater, and test–retest reliability of the 30-s and 5-time STS tests, and calculated the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Moreover, we explored the concurrent validity of these tests by analysing their correlation with knee muscle strength, pain, stiffness, and physical function in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Method: This cross-sectional study included 60 older participants diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis. Baseline demographic information and data on pain, stiffness, and physical function using the modified Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) were obtained. Participants performed the 30-s and 5-time STS tests as well as knee muscle strength assessment using a hand-held dynamometer. After 1 week, 30 participants were reassessed to evaluate test–retest reliability. Results: The 30-s and 5-time STS tests had excellent intra-, inter-, and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients: 0.990–1.000, 0.996–0.999, and 0.841–0.853, respectively) with a large SEM and MDC. Both STS tests significantly correlated with knee extensor and flexor strength and all modified WOMAC domains (Pearson's correlation coefficients: 0.28–0.61, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The 30-s and 5-time STS tests are reliable assessment tools and correlate with knee muscle strength, pain, stiffness, and physical function in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Key Points • The 30-s and 5-time STS test can serve as surrogate measures in various aspects of knee health, including muscle strength, pain levels, stiffness, and overall physical function, in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. • Both these STS tests are dependable tools, accessible for both experienced and inexperienced assessors to administer effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Electronic health record systems (EHRSs) are widely used to record patients' data and should be compatible with nurses' workflow. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Workflow Integration Survey (WIS) to the Turkish language and examine the reliability and validity measures of the Turkish version of the scale. Methods: In this methodological study, data were collected between December 2019 and February 2020 from 120 nurses. This study included the following phases: translation and evaluation of the content validity; explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability analysis. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for the test–retest reliability with 30 nurses. Results: The results of CFA revealed a two factors' structure, and these two factors explained 50.57% of the total variance. This was confirmed (χ2/ df = 1.673, goodness-of-fit index = 0.948, incremental fit index = 0.923, comparative fit index = 0.918, root mean square error of approximation = 0.075, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.0604) using structural equation modeling. The total Cronbach's alpha value was found to be.702,.636, and.649 for the subscales. The ICC was calculated for test–retest reliability and was found to be 0.871. Conclusions: The validity and reliability of the WIS have been found to be sufficient. It is recommended that the validity and reliability studies on the WIS be conducted in different hospitals with a larger number of participants. Furthermore, the use of the scale in cross-cultural studies to evaluate the compatibility of EHRSs with nurses' workflow in different cultures is also suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is a complex mental health disorder marked by persistent sadness, hopelessness, and reduced interest in daily activities. The present study developed the Afghanistan National Depression Screening (ANDs) scale and examined its psychometric properties within the Afghan population. Methods: The study enrolled 1245 Afghan individuals as participants. The items within the ANDs scale were developed through a thorough examination of pre-existing depression scales, expert assessments, and participant interviews. Multiple psychometric evaluations were administered to ensure the reliability and validity of the scale. Results: After review and corrected item-total correlation testing, 15-items exhibiting acceptable corrected item-total correlation coefficients (ranging from 0.315 to 0.647) were retained and further validated through significant factor loadings (ranging from 0.358 to 0.725). Additionally, various properties assessed through classical test theory demonstrated satisfactory results on the 15-item scale. Specifically, measures of reliability such as internal consistency (α = 0.846) and Spearman-Brown coefficient (0.975) were deemed acceptable. Convergent validity was evidenced by strong correlations with established scales, including the DASS-21 (depression subscale, r = 0.854), GHQ-28 (depression subscale, r = 0.693), CES-D 20 (r = 0.922), and PHQ-9 (r = 0.758). Conclusion: The 15-item ANDs scale is developed to assess depression in Afghan populations, showing promise in correlation with established measures like PHQ-9, DASS-21, CESD-20, and GHQ-28. Its potential for identifying depression symptoms warrants further investigation in epidemiological studies and clinical settings, though replication across diverse samples is necessary for generalizability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To systematically evaluate the evidence describing the psychometric properties of clinical measures for assessing overactive bladder symptoms (urinary urgency with or without urge urinary incontinence, urinary frequency and nocturia). To evaluate the quality of this evidence-base using the COnsensus-based Standards for selecting health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tools. Data sources: Five electronic databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched from dataset inception to August 2023. Review methods: Study screening, data extraction and quality appraisal were performed by two independent authors. Inclusion criteria were studies testing one or more psychometric properties of clinical tools for the assessment of overactive bladder symptoms among adults aged 18 years and older for both sexes. The methodological quality and quality of the evidence were evaluated using the COSMIN checklist and GRADE tools, respectively. Results: The search identified 40 studies totalling 10,634 participants evaluating the psychometric properties of 15 clinical tools. The COSMIN methodological quality was rated good for most measures, and the GRADE quality of evidence ranged from low (13%) to high (33%). The Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, Overactive Bladder Questionnaire and Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score were of good methodological and high-GRADE evidence qualities. Conclusion: Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire and the Neurogenic Bladder Symptoms Score are promising psychometrically sound measures. The Overactive Bladder Symptom Score has been applied to the most culturally diverse populations supported by studies of good methodological and high-GRADE evidence quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Literacy of health professionals on patient safety aims to prevent and reduce risks and adverse events in healthcare. Objective: The objective of this study was to translate, adapt, and validate for Portugal of the World Health Organization Questionnaire to Assess the Implementation of the Multiprofessional Guide. Methodology: Following the cultural adaptation process, we carried out a psychometric analysis on a sample of 300 health professionals. The scale was tested for apparent and content validity. Psychometric properties were assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α) through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Results: Exploratory factor analysis led to a tetra factor structure that accounted for 43.0% of the variance and had an overall alpha of 0.759. The hypothesized structure was submitted to confirmatory factor analysis, and the following items were eliminated from factors 1, 2, and 3 and the respective items: 7; 5; and 3, 4, 5, and 6, due to multicollinearity problems. Overall good-of-fit indexes are reliable. Conclusions: The "KIT TOOL-S2 TEXT" scale presents a factor structure with satisfactory validity and reliability results, adequately representing the constructs in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Education in Doctor of Medicine programs has moved towards an emphasis on clinical competency, with entrustable professional activities providing a framework of learning objectives and outcomes to be assessed within the clinical environment. While the identification and structured definition of objectives and outcomes have evolved, many methods employed to assess clerkship students' clinical skills remain relatively unchanged. There is a paucity of medical education research applying advanced statistical design and analytic techniques to investigate the validity of clinical skills assessment. One robust statistical method, multitrait-multimethod matrix analysis, can be applied to investigate construct validity across multiple assessment instruments and settings. Four traits were operationalized to represent the construct of critical clinical skills (professionalism, data gathering, data synthesis, and data delivery). The traits were assessed using three methods (direct observations by faculty coaches, clinical workplace-based evaluations, and objective structured clinical examination type clinical practice examinations). The four traits and three methods were intercorrelated for the multitrait-multimethod matrix analysis. The results indicated reliability values in the adequate to good range across the three methods with the majority of the validity coefficients demonstrating statistical significance. The clearest evidence for convergent and divergent validity was with the professionalism trait. The correlations on the same method/different traits analyses indicated substantial method effect; particularly on clinical workplace-based assessments. The multitrait-multimethod matrix approach, currently underutilized in medical education, could be employed to explore validity evidence of complex constructs such as clinical skills. These results can inform faculty development programs to improve the reliability and validity of assessments within the clinical environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]