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Whole oat milk (WOM) was prepared from germinated oat by an innovatively designed high-energy fluidic microfluidizer (HEFM). The results indicated that germination treatment significantly raised the content of total protein, γ-aminobutyric acid, total phenolics, and reducing sugar, while it decreased the content of total starch and β-glucan. Oat with a germination time of 48 h had the best nutritional quality for producing WOM. The physical stability of the WOM prepared from germinated oat was effectively improved by HEFM treatment. The apparent viscosity increased, the instability index reduced from 0.67 to 0.37, and the precipitate weight ratio decreased from 13.54% to 9.51%. As the pressure of the HEFM increased from 0 to 120 MPa, the particle size decreased from 169.5 to 77.0 µm, which was helpful to improve the physical stability of the WOM. Meanwhile, the color of the WOM became whiter after the HEFM treatment. The content of β-glucan and soluble protein in the WOM significantly increased, which was due to the disruption of cells by the HEFM processing. The optimal HEFM pressure for WOM production is 120 MPa. This study provided a new way to produce whole oat milk with a high nutritional quality and good physical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydraulic support precise pushing and fast follow-up is the key technical support to realize intelligent mining of working face. In order to realize intelligent mining, the precise pushing of hydraulic support is equivalent to the precise position control of valve-controlled cylinder system in coal mine environment, and fast follow-up of hydraulic support need to be realized through follow-up process, liquid supply with stable pressure, fast support movement, etc. Aiming at the precise advancing technology of hydraulic support, it is pointed out that the mature precise position control technology of valve control in related fields can be used for reference. This paper summarizes the research achievements of the electro-hydraulic proportional valve, high-speed on-off valve and electromagnetic directional valve control cylinder position control technology. This paper also summarizes the problems existing in the application of above achievements in the field of coal mines. It is proposed that the precise pushing of hydraulic support can be realized by developing large-flow high-pressure water-based electro-hydraulic proportional valve suitable for the underground environment and developing the intelligent optimization control algorithm. Aiming at the fast follow-up technology of hydraulic support, it is pointed out that the current automatic follow-up of hydraulic support is slow due to unreasonable follow-up process, unstable liquid supply system, and unreasonable support moving process. It is easy to appear the situation of not moving in place and losing support. The related research achievements of improving the follow-up speed are summarized from three aspects: optimizing the follow-up process, supplying liquid with stable pressure, and fast pushing support. The following points are pointed out. At present, the follow-up process cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the speed of the shearer, and the automatic follow-up based on equipment perception is still at the theoretical stage. Optimizing the structure and control algorithm of the liquid supply system is the main way to realize the liquid supply with stable pressure in the working face. But it can not effectively solve the problem of pressure and flow stability at the end of the hydraulic support when the multi-support cooperates. Improving the structure of the hydraulic system is the main way to achieve fast support pushing. But there are some problems such as the large pressure drop when high-pressure oil is transmitted over a long distance, the pipe explosion at the high-pressure point, and the difficulty of pipeline layout caused by increasing the pipe diameter. In view of the above problems, it is proposed to realize the precise pushing and fast follow-up of hydraulic support from four aspects: the constant pressure control of the working face liquid supply system, the improvement of the control precision of hydraulic support pushing, the guarantee of the automatic follow-up effect of hydraulic support, and the improvement of the whole follow-up speed of the working face. It is pointed out that the development trends of precise pushing and fast follow-up technology of the hydraulic support are centralized-distributed agile and efficient liquid supply, improvement of the edge computing capacity of hydraulic support controller, enhancement of adaptability of follow-up control strategy to stope environment, dynamic coupling and follow-up control of stope and equipment.hancement of adaptability of follow-up control strategy to stope environment, dynamic coupling and follow-up control of stope and equipment.

A well-studied source material is required for breeding problems to be successfully solved. Evaluation of samples in varying climatic conditions enables to identify highly productive sources. The results of assessment of 56 naked oat varieties of different ecological-geographical origin by duration of the growing season are presented. The studies were carried out in 2017 - 2019 on the sod-podzolic middle-clay soils of the Kirov region. Considerable differences between variety samples according to periods of ripening have been revealed. Classification of naked oat samples by duration of growing season for Volga-Vyatka region is proposed. The most numerous were the groups of middle season and middle-late samples – 41.1 and 35.7 %, respectively, late samples – 17.8 %. The set of early variety samples was very limited (5.4 %). The productivity of naked oat samples varied by years, variation level changed from insignificant to very high (V = 7.91...91.76 %). In the group of early varieties, coefficients of variation were 21.47...34.58 % with productivity of 165...330 g/m2. The evaluation of middle season samples showed mainly high and very high levels of variation in productivity. The exception was made by samples of Belarus k-3899 BYAS-154 (7.91 %) and 15094 MF9521-247 (16.83 %) from the USA with productivity of 139...161 and 182...244 g/m2, respectively. In middle-late and late variety samples, the coefficients of variation within the group were 21.44...68.36 %, and 26.25...68.75 %, respectively. Middle season samples with sustainable productivity are recommended for use in breeding practice, they are k-3897 BYAS-156, k-3898 BYAS-155 (Belarus), 15155 MF9016-31 (USA).

Introduction Cereal crops, the world's primary food source, have been domesticated from a diverse array of grass species. One of these cereals, cultivated hexaploid oat (Avena sativa L.; hereafter oat), [...], Short straw is a desired trait in cultivated hexaploid oat (Avena sativa L.) for some production environments. Marker-assisted selection, a key tool for achieving this objective, is limited by a lack of mapping data and available markers. Here, bulked-segregant analysis was used to identify PCR-based markers associated with a dwarfing gene. Genetic analysis identified a monogenic dominant inheritance of one dwarfing gene from WAOAT2132, temporarily designated DwWA. A simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker (AME117) that was already available and a new codominant PCR-based marker (bi17) developed by homologous cloningin the present study were both associated with the dwarfing gene. The two markers were located 21 and 1.2 cM from DwWA, respectively. The bi17 marker was mapped to neighboring SNP markers on chromosome 18D of the oat consensus map. Since Dw6 was previously mapped on chromosome 18, and since our new marker bi17 is also diagnostic for NILs generated for Dw6, there is strong evidence that the dwarfing gene identified in WAOAT2132 is Dw6. The newly developed markers could find applications in the identification of this gene in oat germplasm and in the fine mapping or positional cloning of the gene. Key words: Avena sativa, dwarfing gene, SSR, consensus map, chromosome location. Une paille courte est un caractère souhaité chez l&apos;avoine cultivée hexaploïde (Avena sativa L.) dans certains environnements. La sélection assistée par marqueurs, un outil important pour l&apos;atteinte de cet objectif, est limitée par le manque de données de cartographie et par le manque de marqueurs. Dans ce travail, une analyse de ségrégants en composite (BSA, << bulked segregant analysis >>) a été employée pour identifier des marqueurs PCR associés à un gène de nanisme. L&apos;analyse génétique a permis d&apos;identifier un gène de nanisme à hérédité monogénique et dominante chez l&apos;avoine WAOAT2132 ; ce gène a temporairement été nomméDwWA.Unmarqueur microsatellite (AME117), lequel était déjà disponible, ainsi qu&apos;un nouveau marqueur PCR codominant (bi17), mis au point suite à un clonage homologue au cours du présent travail, étaient tous deux associés au gène de nanisme. Les deux marqueurs étaient situés respectivement à 21 et 1,2 cM de DwWA. Le marqueur bi17 a été positionné à proximité de marqueurs SNP sur le chromosome 18D sur la carte consensus de l&apos;avoine. Puisque le locus Dw6 avait déjà était placé sur le chromosome 18, et parce que le nouveau marqueur bi17 était diagnostique au sein de lignées quasi-isogéniques pour Dw6, cela suggère fortement que le gène de nanisme identifié chez WAOAT2132 est en fait Dw6. Ces nouveaux marqueurs pourront servir à l&apos;identification de ce gène au sein du germoplasme de l&apos;avoine et à la cartographie fine ou au clonage positionnel de ce gène. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : Avena sativa, gène de nanisme, SSR, carte consensus, position chromosomique.

Exogenous melatonin (MT) regulates plant growth and mitigates stress in response to stress. To analyze the machinery of exogenous melatonin, which improves salt and alkaline tolerance in oats, MT's function was identified in the oat seed germination stage in our previous study. In this study, morphogenesis, photosynthetic physiology, hormone levels, and ion homeostasis were evaluated using the same MT treatment concentration. The results revealed that compared to the S45 treatment, the 100 μmol·L−1 MT treatment efficiently increased the seedling height and main root length of oat seedlings; promoted secondary root development; enhanced the root volume and root surface area; maintained a higher photosynthetic pigment content (carotenoids; chlorophyll a; chlorophyll b); raised the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), conductance to H2O (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr); enhanced the light energy absorption and conversion of leaves; increased the leaf GA3, Tryptamine (TAM), and IAA contents; and decreased ABA levels. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that MT treatment also increased the contents of P, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mo, Cd, Al, Se, Ni, Co, and Ti; decreased the Na/K ratio; and maintained cellular ionic homeostasis in oat seedlings under saline–alkali stress, as compared with the untreated group. These findings showed that MT treatment enhanced the adaptation of oat to saline–alkali stress through regulating the physiological process of seedling growth. This suggests that MT plays a different role in improving saline–alkali tolerance in the germination and seedling stages of oat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study investigated the effect of fermentation on the physicochemical properties of β‐glucans in oat sourdough. Sourdoughs were produced from oat using homo‐fermentative lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum 22134. The contents of total β‐glucan and soluble β‐glucan, the molecular weight (MW) of β‐glucan and the viscosity of the extracted β‐glucans were determined at 0, 4, 8, 10 and 12 h of fermentation. The total β‐glucan content decreased from 4.89% to 4.23% after 12 h of fermentation. The soluble β‐glucan concentration increased from 1.89% to 2.18% and then decreased to 1.97% after 8 h of fermentation. The content of β‐glucans with MW > 105 decreased from 0 to 4 h of fermentation, followed by an increase and then a decrease after 8 h. The oat sourdough fermented for 8 h had high viscosity, which could be more beneficial for health and bread texture quality, especially for gluten‐free breads. The oat sourdough fermented for 8 h could retain high viscosity, which may be more beneficial for health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]