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Maize (Zea mays L.) fertilizer nitrogen (N) recovery efficiency (FNRE) shows regional differences in China, and is more strongly affected by soil properties than by climate. However, how soil factors regulate maize FNRE is poorly understood. Herein, 15N tracer pot experiments combined with absolute microbial quantification sequencing were conducted using eight soils covering the main maize cropping systems from northern to southern China. The aim was to elucidate which soil factors affect maize FNRE and identify their optimal range for maximizing FNRE while minimizing N loss. Our results show that soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and clay and sand contents were the key factors affecting maize biomass and FNRE across the eight tested soils. Maize biomass and FNRE had parabolic relationships with soil pH, SOM, clay, and sand contents, whereas N loss displayed the opposite trend. The highest maize biomass and FNRE and lowest fertilizer N loss were in the soils with pH of 6.50–6.62, SOM level of 35.25–46.90 g kg−1, clay content of 41.12 %–44.42 %, and sand content of 17.71 %–23.41 %. Under these soil conditions, maize growth and soil N retention capabilities exhibited a high degree of coordination. Bacterial communities differed significantly among the soils, sharing the same soil drivers as maize biomass and FNRE. The abundance of N cycling genes (nasA, narI, narJ, nrfA, and nrfB) involved in dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) was positively correlated with FNRE and negatively correlated with fertilizer N loss, suggesting that DNRA may contribute to soil N retention and enhance FNRE by affecting substrates for nitrification and denitrification. Our study demonstrates that soil pH, SOM, and texture are three key factors driving FNRE variation in maize cropping systems across China, and high microbial-driven DNRA may account for maximum maize FNRE. These findings highlight the importance of tailored FNRE enhancement strategies based on soil characteristics.

Abstract BackgroundControlling saturated fat and cholesterol intake is important for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Although the use of mobile diet-tracking apps has been increasing, the reliability of nutrition apps in tracking saturated fats and cholesterol across different nations remains underexplored. ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the reliability and consistency of nutrition apps focusing on saturated fat and cholesterol intake across different national contexts. The study focused on 3 key concerns: data omission, inconsistency (variability) of saturated fat and cholesterol values within an app, and the reliability of commercial apps across different national contexts. MethodsNutrient data from 4 consumer-grade apps (COFIT, MyFitnessPal-Chinese, MyFitnessPal-English, and LoseIt!) and an academic app (Formosa FoodApp) were compared against 2 national reference databases (US Department of Agriculture [USDA]–Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies [FNDDS] and Taiwan Food Composition Database [FCD]). Percentages of missing nutrients were recorded, and coefficients of variation were used to compute data inconsistencies. One-way ANOVAs were used to examine differences among apps, and paired 2-tailed t ResultsAcross the 5 apps, 836 food codes from 42 items were analyzed. Four apps, including COFIT, MyFitnessPal-Chinese, MyFitnessPal-English, and LoseIt!, significantly underestimated saturated fats, with errors ranging from −13.8% to −40.3% (all PP< ConclusionsThe findings reveal substantial inaccuracies and inconsistencies in diet-tracking apps’ reporting of saturated fats and cholesterol. These issues raise concerns for the effectiveness of using consumer-grade nutrition apps in cardiovascular disease prevention across different national contexts and within the apps themselves.

Objective To investigate the effect of auricular holographic copper-plate scrapping combined with auricular acupoint pressing therapy in the treatment of nonspecific low back pain of cold-dampness obstruction type. Methods Totally 90 patients with nonspecific low back pain of cold-dampness obstruction type were randomly divided into the control group and observation group, with 45 cases in each group. All patients received routine treatment and nursing, and those in the observation received auricular holographic copper-plate scrapping combined with auricular acupoint pressing therapy for three weeks. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of pain and Tradition Chinese Medicine syndrome score were compared between two groups. Results The total effective rate was 90. 48%(38/42) in the observation group, which was higher than 70. 45%(31/44) in the control group (P＜0. 01). The NRS score and Tradition Chinese Medicine syndrome score were decreased in both two groups after intervention, and NRS score and Tradition Chinese Medicine syndrome score in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0. 05). Conclusion The auricular holographic copper-plate scrapping combined with auricular acupoint pressing therapy is effective to relieve the clinical symptoms of nonspecific low back pain of cold-dampness obstruction type (目的 观察耳部全息铜砭刮痧联合耳穴贴压改善寒湿痹阻型非特异性腰痛的临床疗效。方法 选取2022年4月—2023年11月医院外科护理门诊收治的寒湿痹阻型非特异性腰痛患者90例, 按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组。对照组给予常规治疗和护理, 观察组在对照组基础上给予耳部全息铜砭刮痧联合耳穴贴压治疗。两组均治疗3周, 治疗结束后评估患者疼痛改善情况, 对比两组患者疼痛程度评分量表(NRS)及中医腰痛症候评分。结果 共脱落4例患者, 最终观察组纳入42例, 对照组纳入44例。观察组总有效率90. 48%(38/42), 高于对照组的70. 45%(31/44), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。治疗后两组NRS评分及腰痛中医症候评分相比治疗前降低, 且治疗后观察组NRS评分及腰痛中医证候评分均低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05)。结论 耳部全息铜砭刮痧联合耳穴压豆能有效改善寒湿痹阻型非特异性腰痛患者的症状。)

Objective·To explore the adaptation and adaptability of RUBI-PT (the Research Units in Behavioral Intervention Autism Network Parent Training) program in China.Methods·According to the four steps of cultural adaptation, the RUBI-PT program was adapted, including information collection, preliminary adaptation design, preliminary adaptation test and further adjustment. In the information collection phase, six pediatricians and two psychotherapists were invited to conduct six focus group interviews, and according to the expert opinions, the RUBI-PT program was preliminarily adapted from the aspects of language, treatment format and treatment setting. In the preliminary adaptation test phase, 16 parents of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children were recruited and divided into two batches to participate in the online RUBI-PT. After the treatment, the project feedback questionnaires were collected, and the adaptability was investigated and analyzed. Finally, the scheme was further adjusted according to the test results.Results·The preliminary adaptation program of RUBI-PT was adjusted from individual training to group training, including eight core skills sessions, which were implemented in the form of online meetings. The preliminary test results showed that parents′ satisfaction with lesson progress, lesson process, completion of homework and comments to homework were 90%, 80%, 100% and 100%, respectively; in terms of the course difficulty, parents reported that the 7th session (functional communication training) and the 8th session (teaching skills) were the most difficult. Based on the above survey results and the opinions of the expert group, further adjustments were completed, and an adaptation program for localized RUBI-PT was ultimately formed.Conclusion·After adaptation and adaptability investigation, the RUBI-PT, which is suitable for Chinese families with ASD children to conduct behavioral parent training, has been formed.