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Water pollution caused by antibiotics is a growing problem and photodegradation by efficient catalysts is an environmentally friendly technology that can effectively degrade organic pollutants in water. Here, a novel method was innovatively used to synthesize niobium oxyfluoride (Nb3O7F) nanosheets decorated with Au nanoparticles, which is the first report for the composites of Au and Nb3O7F. We prepared the Nb3O7F nanosheets via hydrothermal synthesis followed by deposition of Au nanoparticles on their surface using HAuCl4. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, HRTEM, XPS, and UV-Vis. The diameters of most Au NPs are ranging from 5 to 25 nm with an average size of about 16.9 nm, as well as the Nb3O7F nanosheets in size ranging from 200 nm to 700 nm. The chemical composition of the Au-Nb3O7F showed a Au/Nb atomic ratio of 1/10, as well as a Nb/O/F ratio of 3/7/1. UV-Vis spectrum reveals a largest absorption peak at 520 nm for the Au-Nb3O7F nanosheets. The prepared Au-Nb3O7F nanomaterials were applied to the visible-light photodegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride, with the photocatalytic degradation rate reached more than 50% under the optimal conditions within 1 h. Capture experiments indicated that h+ and «O2- are the main active substances involved during the course of the photodegradation. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism for the photodegradation of the novel Au-Nb3O7F nanosheets was given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let V be a simple vertex algebra of countable dimension, G be a finite automorphism group of V and σ be a central element of G. Assume that S is a finite set of inequivalent irreducible σ -twisted V -modules such that S is invariant under the action of G. Then there is a finite dimensional semisimple associative algebra A α (G , S) for a suitable 2-cocycle α naturally determined by the G -action on S such that (A α (G , S) , V G) form a dual pair on the sum M of σ -twisted V -modules in S in the sense that (1) the actions of A α (G , S) and V G on M commute, (2) each irreducible A α (G , S) -module appears in M , (3) the multiplicity space of each irreducible A α (G , S) -module is an irreducible V G -module, (4) the multiplicity spaces of different irreducible A α (G , S) -modules are inequivalent V G -modules. As applications, every irreducible V -module is a direct sum of finitely many irreducible V G -modules and irreducible V G -modules appearing in different G -orbits are inequivalent. This result generalizes many previous results. We also establish a bijection between subgroups of G and subalgebras of V containing V G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary microencapsulated compound probiotics on the growth performance, immune function, and intestinal flora of weaned piglets. Twenty-four healthy weaned piglets (Landrace x Rongchang) with similar weight were randomly divided into a control group and experimental group, with three replicates in each group and four pigs in each replicate. The control group was fed with corn-soybean meal basal diet, while the experimental group was fed with 0.1% microencapsulated compound probiotics, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis. The trial period was 42 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed-to-weight ratio of piglets in the experimental group had no significant difference, but the serum growth hormone content tended to increase. Compared with the control group, the concentrations of IgA, IgG, and IgM in the experimental group had no significant difference, but the concentrations of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 decreased significantly (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Muribaculaceae, ruminal bacteria, Christenium and other bacteria in the experimental group increased significantly. The study indicates that adding microencapsulated compound probiotics in diet increased the content of growth hormone in piglets, reduced the content of inflammatory molecules, increased the richness and diversity of intestinal microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we investigate Hopf actions on vertex algebras. Our first main result is that every finite-dimensional Hopf algebra that inner faithfully acts on a given π 2 -injective vertex algebra must be a group algebra. Secondly, under suitable assumptions, we establish a Schur-Weyl type duality for semisimple Hopf actions on Hopf modules of vertex algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ensure the good stability of the composite pipeline under fluid dynamic loads, finite element analysis method was applied to simulate and calculate the modal characteristics under dry and wet mode conditions. According to the working principle and structural characteristics of composite pipelines, the model was parameterized and simplified to improve computational efficiency and convergence. The modal testing platform is constructed, consisting of a combination of pipeline structure and pipeline support structure. The movement direction of the slider is limited by the guide rail used, allowing the horizontal section of the branch to move only along its own pipeline axis direction. The fluid structure coupling analysis technology was applied to obtain the vibration mode and spectral response results of the composite pipeline, which was verified through an experimental platform. The research results indicate that the natural frequency in wet mode was about 16 % lower than that in dry mode. In addition, it could be proven that the simulation scheme had good computational accuracy, with a maximum error of 9.2 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Current evidence regarding gender difference in retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLPS) is scarce, so we sought to investigate whether gender may affect prognosis after primary resection of RLPS. Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify RLPS patients from January 1973 to December 2015. Multivariate cox proportional hazard analysis was adopted to generate adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of survival outcomes. Results: In total, 2108 RLPS patients, including 971 women and 1137 men, were identified, with a median follow-up of 45.0 (17.0-92.0) months. The 5-year and 10-year overall survival rates were 50.5% and 31.5% for men and 60.4% and 42.5% for women. The 5-year and 10-year disease-specific survival rates for men and women were 71.5%, 57.3% and 76.3%, 62.1%, respectively. We found men were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (AHR 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.6, P =.017) but not disease-specific mortality (AHR 1.2, 95% CI.9-1.6, P =.246). The subgroup analyses revealed that men were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with low-grade tumors (AHR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.5) or patients who received non-radical resection (AHR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.1). In the subgroup of low-grade tumors, men were also associated with an increased risk of disease-specific mortality (AHR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.3). Conclusion: Men may have worse survival after primary resection of RLPS compared with women, especially in patients with low-grade tumors or patients who received non-radical resection. Gender-based disparities may deserve more attention in patients with RLPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: Graphene-like 2D V2O5 nanosheets rich in oxygen vacancies are designed as multi-functional catalysts to fabricate MgH2-H-V2O5 composites. Hydrogen release starts from 185 °C and capacity retention is as high as 99% after 100 cycles at 275 °C. The composites present rapid kinetics and impressive hydrogen absorption capability at near room temperature. The oxygen vacancies could directly enhance kinetics of MgH2 while indirectly exciting "hydrogen pump" effect of VH2/V. MgH2 is a promising high-capacity solid-state hydrogen storage material, while its application is greatly hindered by the high desorption temperature and sluggish kinetics. Herein, intertwined 2D oxygen vacancy-rich V2O5 nanosheets (H-V2O5) are specifically designed and used as catalysts to improve the hydrogen storage properties of MgH2. The as-prepared MgH2-H-V2O5 composites exhibit low desorption temperatures (Tonset = 185 °C) with a hydrogen capacity of 6.54 wt%, fast kinetics (Ea = 84.55 ± 1.37 kJ mol−1 H2 for desorption), and long cycling stability. Impressively, hydrogen absorption can be achieved at a temperature as low as 30 °C with a capacity of 2.38 wt% within 60 min. Moreover, the composites maintain a capacity retention rate of ~ 99% after 100 cycles at 275 °C. Experimental studies and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the in-situ formed VH2/V catalysts, unique 2D structure of H-V2O5 nanosheets, and abundant oxygen vacancies positively contribute to the improved hydrogen sorption properties. Notably, the existence of oxygen vacancies plays a double role, which could not only directly accelerate the hydrogen ab/de-sorption rate of MgH2, but also indirectly affect the activity of the catalytic phase VH2/V, thereby further boosting the hydrogen storage performance of MgH2. This work highlights an oxygen vacancy excited "hydrogen pump" effect of VH2/V on the hydrogen sorption of Mg/MgH2. The strategy developed here may pave a new way toward the development of oxygen vacancy-rich transition metal oxides catalyzed hydride systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor that poses a severe threat to human health. Brain glycogen phosphorylase (PYGB) breaks down glycogen and provides an energy source for tumor cells. Although PYGB has been reported in several tumors, its role in PC remains unclear. Methods: We constructed a risk diagnostic model of PC-related genes by WGCNA and LASSO regression and found PYGB, an essential gene in PC. Then, we explored the pro-carcinogenic role of PYGB in PC by in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results: We found that PYGB, SCL2A1, and SLC16A3 had a significant effect on the diagnosis and prognosis of PC, but PYGB had the most significant effect on the prognosis. Pan-cancer analysis showed that PYGB was highly expressed in most of the tumors but had the highest correlation with PC. In TCGA and GEO databases, we found that PYGB was highly expressed in PC tissues and correlated with PC's prognostic and pathological features. Through in vivo and in vitro experiments, we found that high expression of PYGB promoted the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of PC cells. Through enrichment analysis, we found that PYGB is associated with several key cell biological processes and signaling pathways. In experiments, we validated that the MAPK/ERK pathway is involved in the pro-tumorigenic mechanism of PYGB in PC. Conclusion: Our results suggest that PYGB promotes PC cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, leading to poor patient prognosis. PYGB gene may be a novel diagnostic biomarker and gene therapy target for PC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese species of the highland weevil genus Pachynotus is revised, including a single known species, P. lampoglobus Chao & Y.-Q. Chen, 1980, and the descriptions of two new species, P. pilosus sp. nov. and P. arcuatus sp. nov. All Chinese Pachynotus species occur in Xizang (Tibet), China, and a key to these species is presented. Additionally, the COI sequences of two species, P. lampoglobus and P. pilosus sp. nov., are provided, with details of the genetic distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for major depressive disorder. Modern ECT is conducted with anesthesia, however, the optimal anesthetic agent for ECT is yet to be understood. This study is aimed to compare the effects of different anesthetic agents on antidepressant efficacy and tolerability in depressed individuals undergoing ECT. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the CENTRAL and PsycINFO for randomized controlled trials from database inception until Nov 13, 2022 (PROSPERO: CRD42022375407). Global and local inconsistencies, heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Rankings were calculated with the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. A total of 33 studies involving 1898 patients were enrolled. Remission rates were higher for ketamine anesthesia as compared to adjunctive ketamine and propofol. In terms of ranking, ketamine was found to be first in terms of response/remission rates and depressive scores after the 1st, 3rd and 6th ECT and at the end of ECT session, while a higher incidence of adverse events was also observed. No significant advantage of any anesthetic was revealed for the cognitive function after ECT. In summary, based on current evidence, no specific anesthetic is recommended for ECT anesthesia. However, despite more side effects, ketamine monoanesthesia seems to reveal a potential benefit in improving antidepressant efficacy of ECT, and further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between anesthetic agents and the therapeutic effect of ECT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to investigate and analyze the risk factors for non-etiology-specific infantile spasms (IS) and unrelieved clinical symptoms after treatment. Methods: Eighty-eight children with IS who were treated at our hospital from March 2018 to December 2021 were included in the study. The children were divided into etiology-specific (n = 46) and nonetiology-specific (n = 42) groups, based on the diagnostic results, and remission (n = 45) and nonremission (n = 43) groups, based on clinical outcomes after treatment. The clinical data from patients in the etiology-specific and nonetiology-specific groups and the remission and nonremission groups were compared. Risk factors for non-etiology-specific IS were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results: Gender, family history, birth status, and metabolic abnormalities were significantly different between the etiology-specific and non-etiology-specific groups. Gender and metabolic abnormalities were risk factors for nonetiology-specific IS. Family history, birth status, metabolic abnormalities, and brain magnetic resonance imaging were significantly different between the remission and nonremission groups, and different etiologies were risk factors for unrelieved symptoms after treatment. Conclusion: The occurrence of nonetiology-specific IS is associated with gender and metabolic abnormalities in children. After medication, unrelieved IS symptoms are associated with etiologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reducing postoperative complications is the essential requirement of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program. This study aimed to identify the key perioperative components affecting postoperative complications in patients undergoing colorectal surgery with ERAS. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all patients who underwent major colorectal surgery with ERAS program between February 2019 and June 2020, all perioperative information was retrieved from a database. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors for complications within 30 days postoperatively, and a nomogram model was drawn to visualize the model. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the model performance. Results: We enrolled 649 patients and 72 patients (11.1%) had at least 1 complication within 30 days postoperatively. Multivariate analyses showed that minimally invasive surgery [odds ratio (OR) 0.323; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.168–0.620] was associated with a decreased of the complications. However, preoperative anemia (OR 2.052; 95%CI 1.073–3.928) and old age (OR 1.927; 95%CI 1.022–3.632) were independent risk factors for complications within 30 days postoperatively. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.735 (95%CI 0.694–0.776). Calibration curve showed a relatively good agreement between predicted value and observed outcome. In the validation set, the nomogram showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.729 (95%CI 0.680–0.778). Conclusions: This study suggests that preoperative anemia, old age and minimally invasive surgery may individually influence the prognosis of patients undergoing major colorectal surgery with an enhanced recovery pathway. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registry (number: ChiCTR2000037513). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical errors are rampant across healthcare settings, imposing a significant burden on patient safety. Here, we examined the ripple effects of diversity splits, or faultlines, within hospital teams on patient safety and care. Hospitals consist of hierarchical, mixed-gender, and multiracial units that are prone to conflict. Within a diverse unit, faultlines can occur when multiple attributes (e.g., gender and race) of unit members align and divide a unit into two or more homogeneous subgroups. Yet, little is known about how such faultlines influence patients. Hierarchical path modeling of data collected from 1,102 hospital employees and 4,138 patients across 38 hospital units illustrated that when strong faultlines formed through homogenous subgroups within hospital units resulted in decreased civility among staff. This incivility was related to higher rates of medical error and patient deaths. A 10% increase in unit incivility was linked to a maximum 8.87% increase in healthcare-associated infection rates and a maximum 10.59% increase in mortality rates. However, we found patients within units high on collaborative cultures for managing conflicts--that fostered mutual respect, active listening, and openness to differing opinions--experienced fewer medical errors and lower mortality rates, regardless of strong faultlines. These findings offer an evidence-based, culture-focused approach to reducing medical errors and improving the quality of patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether serum vitamin D levels are associated with H. pylori infection and whether low serum vitamin D levels are an independent risk factor for H. pylori infection. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a multicenter cohort study from 2017 to 2019. A total of 415 H. pylori+ patients and 257 H. pylori− patients aged between 18 and 75 years with both 13 C-urea breath test and serum vitamin D level results were included from four hospitals. A questionnaire was used to collect information on potential factors influencing H. pylori infection. Results: Serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the H. pylori+ group than in the H. pylori− group (16.7 ± 6.6 ng/ml vs. 19.2 ± 8.0 ng/ml, p < 0.05). Using a cutoff value of 20 ng/ml, the H. pylori infection rate was significantly higher in the vitamin D-deficient group (< 20 ng/ml) than in the vitamin D-nondeficiency group (≥ 20 ng/ml) (66.5% vs. 51.0%, p < 0.001). Ordered logistic regression analysis showed that serum vitamin D levels < 20 ng/ml (OR: 1.652, 95% CI: 1.160–2.351, p = 0.005), higher education levels (OR: 1.774, 95% CI: 1.483–2.119, p < 0.001), family size ≥ 4 (OR: 1.516, 95% CI: 1.081–2.123, p = 0.016), and lower annual income (OR: 1.508, 95% CI: 1.289–1.766, p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for H. pylori infection. Conclusion: Lower serum vitamin D levels may be associated with an increased risk of H. pylori infection, and lower serum vitamin D levels are an independent risk factor for increasing H. pylori infection rates. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine whether supplementation with vitamin D can reduce H. pylori infection rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared and visible image fusion can generate a fusion image with clear texture and prominent goals under extreme conditions. This capability is important for all-day climate detection and other tasks. However, most existing fusion methods for extracting features from infrared and visible images are based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). These methods often fail to make full use of the salient objects and texture features in the raw image, leading to problems such as insufficient texture details and low contrast in the fused images. To this end, we propose an unsupervised end-to-end Fusion Decomposition Network (FDNet) for infrared and visible image fusion. Firstly, we construct a fusion network that extracts gradient and intensity information from raw images, using multi-scale layers, depthwise separable convolution, and improved convolution block attention module (I-CBAM). Secondly, as the FDNet network is based on the gradient and intensity information of the image for feature extraction, gradient and intensity loss are designed accordingly. Intensity loss adopts the improved Frobenius norm to adjust the weighing values between the fused image and the two raw to select more effective information. The gradient loss introduces an adaptive weight block that determines the optimized objective based on the richness of texture information at the pixel scale, ultimately guiding the fused image to generate more abundant texture information. Finally, we design a single and dual channel convolutional layer decomposition network, which keeps the decomposed image as possible with the input raw image, forcing the fused image to contain richer detail information. Compared with various other representative image fusion methods, our proposed method not only has good subjective vision, but also achieves advanced fusion performance in objective evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rayleigh and body waves are both solutions of the same propagation equation, but correspond to different wavenumber regions and boundary conditions, so their interaction with the elastic parameters (Vp, Vs and density) provides independent constraints during inversion. We develop and illustrate concurrent, elastic, full-waveform inversion of P and S body- and Rayleigh-waves using interleaved envelope- and waveform-based misfit functions, in a gradually-increasing frequency, multi-scale, inversion strategy. A wavelet and its envelope have different effective bandwidths, spectral shapes, and provide complementary frequency and wavenumber weighting in concurrent inversion. Because of the greater depth extent sampled by the exponentially decaying tail of a Rayleigh wave, compared to a body waveform, the depth extent of the model required to support both body and surface waves in concurrent inversion is defined by the Rayleigh waves. Correlation coefficients provide quantitative measures of the contributions of the data subsets to the fits of the solutions. For both smooth and constant starting models, concurrent interleaved inversion gives smaller data misfits than the envelope-only and waveform-only solutions. Treating the whole wavefield as a single data set means that it is not necessary to separate, or even to identify, different types of body and surface waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proanthocyanidin antioxidant was first selected for study, and the inhibitory effect of proanthocyanidin and the optimal mass ratio of 6 mass% were obtained through temperature-programmed experiments. To compensate for the inhibitory effect and action time of a single antioxidant, a composite inhibitor with a physical and chemical synergistic effect was obtained through compounding with sodium polyacrylate, a superabsorbent resin, which improved the inhibitory effect on the spontaneous combustion of long-flame coal. In addition to the temperature-programmed experiments, the spontaneous combustion of long-flame coal was researched through a thermogravimetric (TG)–differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) experiment, and the optimal compound ratio of proanthocyanidins/sodium polyacrylate was determined to be 1:4. Under this ratio, the inhibition rate was close to 88% when the coal temperature ranged from 40 to 130 °C. The TG–derivative TG curve moved to the high-temperature region, and the composite inhibitors improved the characteristic temperature of raw coal and reduced its mass loss. The temperature corresponding to the peak value of the DSC curve increased, and the maximum heat release power was reduced. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy experiments revealed that the intensity of the hydroxyl peaks was reduced with the addition of composite inhibitors, and the peak intensity of methyl and methylene was lower than that of the raw coal. The inhibition characteristics of the composite inhibitor were thus obtained through a study of the change pattern of functional groups of coal samples during the heating process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To explore the effect and mechanism of action of miR-210 on postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMPO) in ovariectomized rats in vivo. Methods: An ovariectomized (OVX) rat model was established by ovariectomy. Tail vein injection was performed to overexpress and knock down miR-210 in OVX rats, followed by the collection of blood and femoral tissues from each group of rats. And quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to assess the expression level of miR-210 in femoral tissues of each group. Micro computed tomography (Micro CT) was adopted to scan the microstructure of the femoral trabecula in each group to obtain relevant data like bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), bone surface-to-volume ratio (BS/BV), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). ELISA was used for determining the level of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), osteocalcin (OCN), and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) in serum; and Western blot for the protein level of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) in femoral tissues. Results: MiR-210 expression was significantly decreased in femoral tissues of OVX rats. Overexpression of miR-210 could obviously increase BMD, BMC, BV/TV and Tb.Th, whereas significantly decrease BS/BV and Tb.Sp in femurs of OVX rats. Moreover, miR-210 also downregulated BALP and CTX-1 level, upregulated PINP and OCN level in the serum of OVX rats promoted the expression of osteogenesis-related markers (Runx2, OPN and COL1A1) in the femur of OVX rats. Additionally, further pathway analysis revealed that high expression of miR-210 activated the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/Notch1 signaling pathway in the femur of OVX rats. Conclusion: High expression of miR-210 may improve the micromorphology of bone tissue and modulate bone formation and resorption in OVX rats by activating the VEGF/Notch1 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating osteoporosis. Consequently, miR-210 can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A comprehensive discussion of the recent advances in the nanostructure engineering of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials is presented. The fundamental theories of hydrogen storage in nanostructured Mg-based hydrogen storage materials and their practical applications are reviewed. The challenges and recommendations of current nanostructured hydrogen storage materials are pointed out. With the depletion of fossil fuels and global warming, there is an urgent demand to seek green, low-cost, and high-efficiency energy resources. Hydrogen has been considered as a potential candidate to replace fossil fuels, due to its high gravimetric energy density (142 MJ kg−1), high abundance (H2O), and environmental-friendliness. However, due to its low volume density, effective and safe hydrogen storage techniques are now becoming the bottleneck for the "hydrogen economy". Under such a circumstance, Mg-based hydrogen storage materials garnered tremendous interests due to their high hydrogen storage capacity (~ 7.6 wt% for MgH2), low cost, and excellent reversibility. However, the high thermodynamic stability (ΔH = − 74.7 kJ mol−1 H2) and sluggish kinetics result in a relatively high desorption temperature (> 300 °C), which severely restricts widespread applications of MgH2. Nano-structuring has been proven to be an effective strategy that can simultaneously enhance the ab/de-sorption thermodynamic and kinetic properties of MgH2, possibly meeting the demand for rapid hydrogen desorption, economic viability, and effective thermal management in practical applications. Herein, the fundamental theories, recent advances, and practical applications of the nanostructured Mg-based hydrogen storage materials are discussed. The synthetic strategies are classified into four categories: free-standing nano-sized Mg/MgH2 through electrochemical/vapor-transport/ultrasonic methods, nanostructured Mg-based composites via mechanical milling methods, construction of core-shell nano-structured Mg-based composites by chemical reduction approaches, and multi-dimensional nano-sized Mg-based heterostructure by nanoconfinement strategy. Through applying these strategies, near room temperature ab/de-sorption (< 100 °C) with considerable high capacity (> 6 wt%) has been achieved in nano Mg/MgH2 systems. Some perspectives on the future research and development of nanostructured hydrogen storage materials are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of excessive short-circuit current in the present power system, a fault current limiter has become a new type of power device with high demand and is one of the current research hotspots. The flux-coupling type superconducting fault current limiter (FC-SFCL) generates a current-limiting impedance through decoupling superconducting parallel inductance based on the circuit breakers' fractional interruption. The principle is simple, and the impedance is low during normal operation. It can directly use the existing circuit breaker to open a short circuit that is much higher than its own breaking capacity. Thus, it can be used for large-capacity fault current limiting and effective failure breaking. This paper focused on exploring and studying the implementation scheme of practical products of FC-SFCL. Considering that the quenched-type parallel inductance can limit the first peak value of the fault current, a quenched-type improvement scheme was proposed. Then, an electromagnetic design method based on the simplified calculation of the number of parallel tapes was proposed, which simplified the design process and reduced the design difficulty of the quenched FC-SFCL. Taking a 10 kV/500 A/5 kA quenched prototype as an example, its electromagnetic design was completed, and the performances of the non-quenched and quenched schemes were compared. The results showed that, compared to the non-quenched structure, the technical economics of the quenched one were more prominent, and it can be used preferentially for engineering prototypes. This study about the scheme of the quenched FC-SFCL and its electromagnetic design method is useful for promoting the implementation of the current limiter engineering prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Network pharmacology, reverse molecular docking, and rat acute pancreatitis (AP) models were used to analyze the mechanism of protection by Qingyi II granules. The chemical components of 7 Chinese herbal medicines in Qingyi II granules were searched through the TCMSP (traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform) database. The active ingredients were screened out in the OB (oral bioavailability) and DL (drug likeness) filters as a condition for inclusion. Then, the prediction analysis of potential targets was performed through databases. A GO (gene ontology) enrichment analysis of target proteins related to AP and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway annotation was performed using the DAVID (The Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery) database. Finally, the "Herbal-Compound-Target" network was constructed using Cytoscape software. The active component structure and target name were uploaded to the Systems Dock database for reverse molecular docking. With octreotide as a positive control, Qingyi II decoction and Qingyi II granules were administered to AP rats at low, medium, and high doses. The pathological changes in the pancreas were observed using HE staining. The levels of Bcl-2, AMS, BAX, IL-2, and CASP3 in plasma were determined by an ELISA kit. Real-time PCR detected the expression of AKT1 and PIK3CA mRNA in the pancreas. The database predicted 94 active components of Qingyi II granules, 76 potential targets, and 64 signaling pathways. Twenty pathways were directly or indirectly associated with acute pancreatitis, including the TNF signaling pathway and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In the reverse molecular docking experiment, the matching scores of the active components and the target were mainly between 6.0 and 7.0, with strong binding activity. Compared to the normal group, the plasma concentrations of BAX, IL-2, Bcl-2, AMS, and CASP3 in the model group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the low-dose group of Qingyi II granules only significantly reduced IL-2 levels and had no effect on other indicators. The other groups could significantly reduce the levels of AMS, BAX, and CASP3 (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the octreotide group and Qingyi II granules high-dose group significantly increased the Bcl-2 level (P < 0.05), and there was no statistical difference in other drug-administered groups. Compared with the normal group, the expression of AKT1 and PIK3CA in the pancreas of the model group was significantly higher. Compared to the model group, the expression of PIK3CA was low in all drug-administered groups. In addition to the low-dose group, the other drug-administered groups significantly reduced the expression of AKT1. Qingyi can reduce the levels of AMS, BAX, IL-2, and CASP3 and increase the levels of Bcl-2. This mechanism may be related to the PI3K- AKT signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to isolate active substances from metabolites of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SJ100001 and examine their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) SJ300024 screened from the root–soil of cucumber wilt. Methods and Results: An active substance, anti‐SJ300024, was obtained from the fermentation broth of strain SJ100001 by reversed‐phase silica gel and gel chromatography, and further got its chemical structure as cyclic lipopeptide Epichlicin through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS). In vitro experiments showed that Epichlicin had a better inhibitory rate (67.46%) against the strain SJ300024 than the commercially available fungicide hymexazol (45.10%) at the same concentration. The MTT assays proved that Epichlicin was non‐cytotoxic, besides it also had good free radical scavenging ability and total reducing ability. Conclusions: Epichlicin isolated from strain SJ100001 can effectively control F. oxysporum SJ300024 screened from the root–soil of cucumber wilt. Significance and Impact of the Study: Epichlicin may be used as an environmentally friendly and efficient biocontrol agent for controlling Fusarium wilt of cucumber and reducing crop losses. More importantly, the non‐cytotoxicity of Epichlicin can avoid harm to consumers. Additionally, Epichlicin has broad application prospects in medicine due to its antioxidant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring new polymerization strategy for current available monomers is a big challenge in polymer science. Here we re-investigate radical polymerization of monovinyl monomer (MVM) initiated by uniform branched polyfunctional initiator (PFI), which is termed non-linear radical additions-coupling polymerization (NLRAsCP). In NLRAsCP, both addition and coupling reactions of radical contribute to the construction of the polymer chains, which leads to continuous growth of branch topology. Theoretical analysis of NLRAsCP predicts that the gelation is determined by the functionality of PFI (a), the extent of initiation of the PFI (q) and the termination factor of radical (φ). NLRAsCPs of styrene and methyl methacrylate promoted by Cu(0)/Me6TREN or Mn2(CO)10/visible light were conducted. After the cleavage of incorporated PFI fragment or junctions in the network, the network was transformed to linear chains having almost the same structure as segmental chains in the precursor network. This allows the reverse deducing the network structure from its cleaved products. It has been proven that NLRAsCP includes stepwise initiation of PFI, chain-growth of segmental chains and successive endlinking of macroradicals derived from PFI. The three parameters related to the gelation process, a, q and φ, were adjusted via binary PFI, the feed ratio of [Mn2(CO)10]/[PFI] and addition of non-homopolymerizable comonomer respectively. The minimum values of a and q, and the minimum amount of comonomer required for gelation were determined, which can be applied to estimate φ of various macroradicals. NLRAsCP opens a general and facile strategy for synthesis of a variety of polymer networks with heritable architecture by one-pot polymerization of various MVMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: A MgH2/TiO2 heterostructure with nano MgH2 assembled on oxygen vacancy-rich 2D TiO2 nanosheets was successfully fabricated via a simple solvothermal strategy. The MgH2/TiO2 heterostructure shows rapid desorption kinetics, low dehydrogenation temperature, and excellent cycling stability. In situ HRTEM observations and ex situ XPS analyses reveal that multi-valance of Ti species, presence of abundant oxygen vacancies, formation of catalytic Mg-Ti oxides, and confinement of TiO2 nanosheets, contribute to the high stability and kinetically accelerated hydrogen sorption performances of Mg.MgH2 has attracted intensive interests as one of the most promising hydrogen storage materials. Nevertheless, the high desorption temperature, sluggish kinetics, and rapid capacity decay hamper its commercial application. Herein, 2D TiO2 nanosheets with abundant oxygen vacancies are used to fabricate a flower-like MgH2/TiO2 heterostructure with enhanced hydrogen storage performances. Particularly, the onset hydrogen desorption temperature of the MgH2/TiO2 heterostructure is lowered down to 180 °C (295 °C for blank MgH2). The initial desorption rate of MgH2/TiO2 reaches 2.116 wt% min−1 at 300 °C, 35 times of the blank MgH2 under the same conditions. Moreover, the capacity retention is as high as 98.5% after 100 cycles at 300 °C, remarkably higher than those of the previously reported MgH2-TiO2 composites. Both in situ HRTEM observations and ex situ XPS analyses confirm that the synergistic effects from multi-valance of Ti species, accelerated electron transportation caused by oxygen vacancies, formation of catalytic Mg-Ti oxides, and stabilized MgH2 NPs confined by TiO2 nanosheets contribute to the high stability and kinetically accelerated hydrogen storage performances of the composite. The strategy of using 2D substrates with abundant defects to support nano-sized energy storage materials to build heterostructure is therefore promising for the design of high-performance energy materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Interspecific postzygotic reproduction isolation results from large genetic divergence between the subgenomes of established hybrids. Polyploidization immediately after hybridization may reset patterns of homologous chromosome pairing and ameliorate deleterious genomic incompatibility between the subgenomes of distinct parental species in plants and animals. However, the observation that polyploidy is less common in vertebrates raises the question of which factors restrict its emergence. Here, we perform analyses of the genome, epigenome, and gene expression in the nascent allotetraploid lineage (2.95 Gb) derived from the intergeneric hybridization of female goldfish (Carassius auratus, 1.49 Gb) and male common carp (Cyprinus carpio, 1.42 Gb), to shed light on the changes leading to the stabilization of hybrids. Results: We firstly identify the two subgenomes derived from the parental lineages of goldfish and common carp. We find variable unequal homoeologous recombination in somatic and germ cells of the intergeneric F1 and allotetraploid (F22 and F24) populations, reflecting high plasticity between the subgenomes, and rapidly varying copy numbers between the homoeolog genes. We also find dynamic changes in transposable elements accompanied by genome merger and duplication in the allotetraploid lineage. Finally, we observe the gradual decreases in cis-regulatory effects and increases in trans-regulatory effects along with the allotetraploidization, which contribute to increases in the symmetrical homoeologous expression in different tissues and developmental stages, especially in early embryogenesis. Conclusions: Our results reveal a series of changes in transposable elements, unequal homoeologous recombination, cis- and trans-regulations (e.g. DNA methylation), and homoeologous expression, suggesting their potential roles in mediating adaptive stabilization of regulatory systems of the nascent allotetraploid lineage. The symmetrical subgenomes and homoeologous expression provide a novel way of balancing genetic incompatibilities, providing a new insight into the early stages of allopolyploidization in vertebrate evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Adjunctive esketamine anesthesia can improve suicidal ideation and alleviate accompanying psychotic symptoms in depressive patients receiving ECT in real-world clinical practice, but its advantage in improving response and remission rates is not inconclusive. • Adjunctive esketamine does not increase the risk of hypertension during ECT, despite a temporary increase in blood pressure. • The incidence of neuropsychiatric adverse events is not increased during ECT with adjunctive esketamine usage. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression, and esketamine has been shown to have antidepressant effects. However, it is currently unclear whether adjunctive esketamine can enhance the clinical efficacy of ECT in real-world clinical practice. In this pragmatic clinical trial, patients with major depression were randomly assigned into two groups: patients received 0.25 mg/kg esketamine plus propofol (esketamine group) or the same volume of saline (control group) plus propofol. Results indicated that there was no difference in response and remission rates between the two groups. However, patients receiving esketamine had a higher remission rate of SI and lower psychotic scores. Patients receiving esketamine also required a lower electric dose, but the seizure duration and cognitive function were comparable between the two groups. Diastolic blood pressure increased after esketamine injection, but there was no increased risk of hypertension. Furthermore, incidence of delirium and confusion were comparable between the groups. Conclusively, adjunctive esketamine anesthesia does not provide any advantage in improving the response and remission rates of ECT. However, it can improve remission of SI and alleviate accompanying psychotic symptoms in depressive patients. With adjunctive usage, the adverse cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric events associated with esketamine appear to be tolerable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are currently widely used and are expected to be used as drug carriers and contrast agents in clinical practice. Previous studies mainly focused on their lung toxicity; therefore, their effects on the vascular endothelium are unclear. In this study, a human angiogenesis array was used to determine the effect of MWCNTs on the expression profile of angiogenic factors in endothelial cells and to clarify the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in MWCNT-induced endothelial cell injury at the cellular and animal levels. The results indicated that MWCNTs (20–30 nm and 30–50 nm) could enter endothelial cells and disrupt human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) activity in a concentration-dependent manner. MWCNTs disrupted the tube formation ability and cell migration function of HUVECs. The results from a Matrigel Plug experiment in mice showed that angiogenesis in the MWCNT experimental group was significantly reduced. The results of a protein chip analysis indicated that VEGF expression in the MWCNT treatment group was decreased, a finding that was validated by ELISA results. The protein expression levels of AKT and eNOS in the MWCNT treatment group were significantly decreased; the administration of recombinant VEGF significantly alleviated the migration ability and tube formation ability of endothelial cells injured by MWCNTs, upregulated the protein expression of AKT and eNOS, and increased the number of neovascularization in mice in the MWCNT treatment group. This study demonstrated that MWCNTs affect angiogenesis via the VEGF-Akt-eNOS axis which can be rescued by VEGF endothelial treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Heterosis of growth traits in allotriploid fish has benefited the production of aquaculture for many years, yet its genetic and molecular basis has remained obscure. Now, an allotriploid complex, including two triploids and their diploid inbred parents, has provided an excellent model for investigating the potential regulatory mechanisms of heterosis. Results: Here, we performed a series of analyses on DNA methylation modification and miRNA expression in combination with gene expression in the allotriploid complex. We first established a model of cis- and trans-regulation related to DNA methylation and miRNA in allotriploids. Then, comparative analyses showed that DNA methylation contributed to the emergence of a dosage compensation effect, which reduced gene expression levels in the triploid to the diploid state. We detected 31 genes regulated by DNA methylation in the subgenomes of the allotriploids. Finally, the patterns of coevolution between small RNAs and their homoeologous targets were classified and used to predict the regulation of miRNA expression in the allotriploids. Conclusions: Our results uncovered the regulatory network between DNA methylation and miRNAs in allotriploids, which not only helps us understand the regulatory mechanisms of heterosis of growth traits but also benefits the study and application of epigenetics in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, few-shot learning has received considerable attention from researchers. Compared to deep learning, which requires abundant data for training, few-shot learning only requires a few labeled samples. Therefore, few-shot learning has been extensively used in scenarios in which a large number of samples cannot be obtained. However, effectively extracting features from a limited number of samples are the most important problem in few-shot learning. To solve this limitation, a multi-local feature relation network (MLFRNet) is proposed to improve the accuracy of few-shot image classification. First, we obtain the local sub-images of each image by random cropping, which is used to obtain local features. Second, we propose support-query local feature attention by exploring local feature relationships between the support and query sets. Using the local feature attention, the importance of local features of each class prototype can be calculated to classify query data. Moreover, we explore local feature relationship between the support set and the support set, and we propose support-support local feature similarity. Using local feature similarity, we can adaptively determine the margin loss of the local features, which then improves the network accuracy. Experiments on two benchmark datasets show that the proposed MLFRNet achieves state-of-the-art performance. In particular, for the miniImageNet dataset, the proposed method achieves 66.79% (1-shot) and 83.16% (5-shot) accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Laryngeal cancer represents a common malignancy that originates from the larynx, with unfavorable prognosis. Herein, this study systematically analyzed the immune signatures of laryngeal cancer and to evaluate their roles on tumor progression.Methods: Differentially expressed immune-related genes (IRGs) were screened between laryngeal cancer and normal tissues from TCGA dataset. Then, two prognosis-related IRGs AQP9 and ZAP70 were analyzed by a series of survival analysis. Based on them, molecular subtypes were constructed by unsupervised cluster analysis. Differences in survival outcomes, HLA expression and immune cell infiltrations were assessed between subtypes. Expression of AQP9 and ZAP70 was validated in laryngeal cancer tissues and cells by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. After silencing and overexpressing AQP9 and ZAP70, CCK-8, EdU, wound healing and transwell assays were performed in TU212 and LCC cells.Results: Totally, 315 IRGs were abnormally expressed in laryngeal cancer. Among them, AQP9 and ZAP70 were distinctly correlated to patients' prognosis. Two subtypes were developed with distinct survival outcomes, HLA expression and immune microenvironment. Low expression of AQP9 and ZAP70 was confirmed in laryngeal cancer. AQP9 and ZAP70 up-regulation distinctly suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of laryngeal cancer cells. The opposite results were investigated when their knockdown.Conclusions: Our findings revealed the roles of AQP9 and ZAP70 in progression of laryngeal cancer, and suggested that AQP9 and ZAP70 could potentially act as candidate immunotherapeutic targets for laryngeal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment studied the effect of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) function in the grasses and legumes mixture. A mixed sowing experiment of Medicago varia Martin. cv. Caoyuan No.3 and Agropyron mongolicum Keng. cv. Mengnong No. 1 was carried out on four years grassland. The paper researched AMF infection, soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients situation. The results showed that the total yield of mixed sowing was 24.3% higher than that of monoculture alfalfa and 46.9% higher than that of monoculture ice grass, and the plant height of mixed sowing ice grass was higher than that of monoculture ice grass. The pH value of rhizosphere soil of mixed grassland was significantly lower than that of non-rhizosphere soil. The vesicle infection rate of mixed sowing ice grass was significantly higher than that of monoculture ice grass. The total nitrogen of mixed sowing soil was higher than that of alfalfa monoculture or ice grass monoculture. The available P content in rhizosphere soil was higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil. The experiment indicates that the soil yield can be increased with the increase of Arbuscular fungi infection rate, the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil, and the decrease of soil pH value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mixed-ligand ternary Zn(II) coordination polymer (CP), {[Zn(L)0.5(mip)] 1.75H2O}n (1) (L = 1,4-bis(thiabendazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, H2mip = 5-methylisophthalic acid), was prepared and characterized. 1 features a 2D hcb layer, which can further expand into a 3D supramolecular framework via weak hydrogen bonding interactions. 1 exhibits excellent chemical stability and pH tolerance. Importantly, 1 is the first fluorescent probe based on CPs to detect norfloxacin (NOR) with a 30 s response and an ultra-low detection limit (0.159 nmol L−1). Further, the fluorescence sensing mechanism of 1 may be attributed to the combination of electron and energy transfers from CP particles to NOR molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite the extensive administration of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program, postoperative pain remains a major concern for patients. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block and local wound infiltration (LWI) are two techniques that have been widely applied in abdominal surgery. However, these two techniques have rarely been compared in terms of their analgesic effects on patients that undergo laparoscopic colorectal surgery with the ERAS program. Methods: A randomized, double-blinded study was conducted in this study. Briefly, 174 patients that underwent colorectal surgery with the ERAS program were randomly allocated to TAP block treatment (TAP group) or local wound infiltration (LWI group). All patients were assessed for their pain scores at rest and in motion at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery. The administration frequency of bolus for PCIA and the use amount of rescue analgesics (parecoxib) were recorded. Finally, the patients were monitored with follow-up surveys on their postoperative function recovery, complications, lengths of stay, treatment cost, and satisfaction. Results: In terms of the pain scores at rest and in motion, the two groups revealed no significant difference throughout the study sessions, and no difference was found in the administration frequency of bolus and the use amount of parecoxib. Moreover, the two groups demonstrated similar results in their postoperative recovery, and no significant differences were found in terms of postoperative complications. Conclusions: Compared with local wound infiltration, transversus abdominis plane block is not significantly advantageous for postoperative pain control and recovery in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery with the ERAS program. However, local wound infiltration might be preferred since it is available with less technical difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medium voltage direct current (MVdc) shipboard power system (SPS) is the development trend of future ships. With the characteristics of compact structure and high-power density, the short circuit is much more serious than a land-based power system, which seriously restricts the development of MVdc SPS. Therefore, there is an urgent need for prospective research on fault protection. According to the fault characteristics of MVdc SPS, a dc superconducting current-limiting switch (SCLS) is proposed, so as to realize the current limiting protection of MVdc SPS. In this article, a small-scale SCLS superconducting coil is wound, and a current limiting experiment of the prototype is completed. The results show that SCLS has a fast current-limiting response speed and a good current-limiting effect. The experiment summarizes the characteristics of the two current-limiting modes of SCLS and it is concluded that R-type current limiting mode is more suitable for MVdc SPS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two new coordination polymers were synthesized and characterized. • 1 and 2 display high chemical stability. • 1 and 2 are the first CPs for the detecting Hg2+ and PEF. • The turn-off mechanisms were investigated in detail. Detection of heavy ions and antibiotics employing fuorescent sensing techniques has been one of the most active research fields in chemistry. Based on 1,3-bis(2-ethylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene (L) and 2,5-dichloroterephthalic acid (H 2 DCTP) mixed ligands, two new coordination polymers [Cd 2 L(DCTP) 2 ·H 2 O] n (1) and [ZnL(DCTP)] n (2) were synthesized by changing the metal ions under solvothermal conditions. 1 expresses a double-layer V-shaped 1D chain, which further extended into a 2D supramolecular network through classic O–H⋯O hydrogen bonding interactions. 2 features a 2D 4-connected sql layer. The two CPs perform high thermal and pH stability. 1 and 2 are the first CPs to detect Hg2+ ions and pefloxacin by fluorescence quenching with low detection limits and superior recyclability. Two robust metal coordination polymers can be acted as sensitive dual-responsive sensors for Hg2+ ions and pefloxacin in water with excellent selectivity and recyclability. The quenching mechanism of two coordination polymers were investigated in detail. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effective components in fly ash can be released by acid-base excitation. • Optimum formula of ADP composite colloid is obtained and prepared. • Al3+ and Fe3+ ions released can be acted as cross-linking agents of colloid. • Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions released can be used as inhibitors for fire prevention. • Comprehensive mechanism of fire prevention of ADP colloid is explored. The application of industrial solid waste fly ash (FA) to fire prevention material is an effective way to realize its large-scale resource utilization. How to improve the performance and application range of FA type fire-fighting materials has become an engineering roadblock. In this study, the activation technology was introduced to extract effective component from FA, and the Ash-Diatomite-Polyacrylamide (ADP) colloid with double-aggregate was prepared mainly by activated modified FA. The ICP data of active substance in liquid phase indicates that acid-base combined excitation can release a large number of active components through chemical activation of FA. The physical properties of ADP colloids were tested by measuring the colloid permeability, water retention, and thermal stability. Meanwhile, the chemical flame retardancy of colloids was also determined by the inhibition experiment and thermogravimetric analysis. Experiments results indicate that Al3+ and Fe3+ released by excitation can be acted as cross-linking agents in the formation of colloids, and Ca2+ and Mg2+ released can be used as inhibitors for coal spontaneous combustion. ADP colloid can still inhibit the release of CO and CO 2 at 220 °C with higher inhibition rates. The values of activation energy prove that ADP composite colloid can effectively increase the energy required by the interaction between coal and oxygen. Moreover, the multi-component cooperative fire-prevention mechanism of ADP was explored based on the effective composition, gelling mechanism, and fire-retarding action sequence of composite colloid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional antidepressants that target monoaminergic receptors require several weeks to be efficacious. This lag represents a significant problem in the currently available treatments for serious depression. Ketamine, acting as an N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor antagonist, was shown to have rapid antidepressant-like effects, marking a significant advancement in the study of mood disorders. However, serious side effects and adverse reactions limit its clinical use. Considering the limitations of ketamine, it is crucial to further define the network targets of ketamine. The rapid action of ketamine an as antidepressant is thought to be mediated by the glutamate system. It is believed that synaptic plasticity is essential for the rapid effects of ketamine as an antidepressant. Other mechanisms include the involvement of the γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic), 5-HTergic systems, and recent studies have linked astrocytes to ketamine's rapid antidepressant-like effects. The interactions between these systems exert a synergistic rapid antidepressant effect through neural circuits and molecular mechanisms. Here, we discuss the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying the action of ketamine. This work will help explain how molecular and neural targets are responsible for the effects of rapidly acting antidepressants and will aid in the discovery of new therapeutic approaches for major depressive disorder. [Display omitted] • Prefrontal cortex-related circuits are the main functional circuits. • The serotonin system and glutamatergic system may play a synergistic role. • Safety of ketamine may be the future direction of rapid antidepressant research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, superconducting power technology has been applied more and more in the ac field, such as ac superconducting current limiter, ac superconducting cable, and so on. Critical current is the key parameter in the design, manufacture, and operation process of superconducting devices, but few studies were carried out on the ac critical current of superconductors now. In this article, a method for measuring the ac critic al current of the HTS coil based on the thermal stability was proposed, the ac critical current measurement experiment of the superconducting coil is carried out, and the electromagnetic–thermal coupling model is built to analyze the quench principle of the superconducting coil. This article explains the principle of ac critical current from the balance of heating and cooling and gives the rule that the value of ac critical current changes with frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new ternary metal coordination polymers (CPs), [Co(OBA)(L1)0.5]n (1) and [Co(HBTC)(L2)]n (2) (H2OBA = 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid), H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, L1 = 1,3-bis(1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)propane, and L2 = 1,4-bis(benzimidazol-1-yl)-2-butene), were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized. 1 features a unique 2D (3,3,4)-connected layer which further extended into a 3D framework through intra-molecular π–π stacking interactions. 2 exhibits a 3D 3,5T21 network with the point symbol of (42·65·83)(42·6). The two CPs present high thermal and chemical stabilities in the pH range from 3 to 12. Moreover, 1/2 can detect levofloxacin (LEV), benzaldehyde (BZH) and Fe3+ ions in aqueous solution through the fluorescence quenching process with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, recyclability and extremely low detection limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As medium voltage dc-based (MVDC) technology is widely considered in the shipboard integrated power system (IPS), the short fault protection of shipboard IPS is urgent. This paper suggests resistive type superconducting fault current limiter (R-SFCL), flux-coupling type SFCL (FC-SFCL), and a hybrid type SFCL (H-SFCL) alleviate fault current and improve the transient behaviors of shipboard MVDC IPS. All of these SFCLs are installed at the DC line. When pole to pole short fault occurs, resistive and inductive components play roles in current limiting. To evaluate these SFCLs and choose one for the system, theoretical analysis, simulation verification and experiments are done. According to the current limiting and economic cost index, H-SFCL is preferable in these SFCLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with insulated superconducting magnet, no-insulation magnet can obtain higher magnetic field with smaller volume, but the existence of radial current complicates the transient analysis of NI magnet. In this paper, a 2-dimensional (2D) method was introduced into the thermal-electrical analysis of NI magnet, we discussed the current distribution and power generation during charging process at different working status. The result confirmed 2D method could greatly simplify the modeling process and reduce the number of meshes, which can enhance the convergence of calculation process, and speed up the analysis process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The medium voltage direct current (MVDC) is a promising direction of future shipboard power system (SPS). However, one of the main limitations encountered in its development is the fault isolation of DC side. This paper reveals the evolution process of short-circuit fault in typical MVDC SPS through equivalent circuit and transient simulation. Based on the analysis of protection needs, a superconducting current-limiting switch (SCLS) topology is proposed, which includes one superconducting coupled coil and two DC circuit breakers (DCCBs). The models of SCLS is built on MATLAB/Simulink and the current limiting principle and current sharing principle of SCLS are verified. The results show that the SCLS has effective current limiting performance and fault clearing effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simplified two-dimensional (2D) model, which takes the helical structure of the conductor on round core (CORC) cable into consideration, is utilized to analyze the electromagnetic and thermal properties of the cable. The model couples multi-physical fields through the JcBT(B,T) properties of the superconducting tape. We first introduced the modeling strategy and verified the validity of the 2D model. Then, considering the influence of thermal on the critical current of the tape, the cable loss under different conditions has been calculated. By changing the relative positions of the inner and outer conductor layers of the 2D model, the influence of the magnetic field on CORC cable loss can be obtained, and it can be extended to the periodic three-dimensional (3D) structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DC fault protection is the bottleneck that restricts the development of modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) system. Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCL) is an ideal protection device that can significantly limit short circuit current and enhance the fault tolerance ability of MMC-HVDC system. At present, several topologies of SFCLs have been proposed, but there is no systematical study of their current-limiting characteristics in MMC-HVDC. This paper studies the development process of DC short-circuit faults in MMC-HVDC system, and analyzes its demand for fault current limiting. Then, resistive type, saturated iron core type and hybrid type SFCL are modeled and their limiting effect of critical fault current under DC pole-to-pole fault is tested. By comparison, the current-limiting characteristics of three types of SFCL are concluded. Results show that resistive SFCL has best performance in steady state, while saturated iron core SFCL has best performance in transient state. The current-limiting characteristic of hybrid type SFCL is between the other two types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the future, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology will be developed toward large capacity. Among them, a single magnet is expensive and technically challenging. The integration of multiple SMES (M-SMES) is a feasible technical route. But there is coordination among multimodule energy storage magnets, so the formulation of its control strategy is very important. In this article, based on the toroidal magnet, a state evaluation method of toroidal magnet considering the withstand voltage and temperature of the magnet is proposed. To solve the problem of power distribution caused by the difference in initial capacity, initial temperature, and maximum output power during the cooperative control of multiple SMES, a temperature equilibrium control strategy for energy storage magnets combined with state assessment is proposed. System simulation results showed that this strategy could effectively balance the working state of each module and maximize the power output capability of the energy storage magnet by ensuring the safety of the magnet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the fracture behavior of rock after coupled water and thermal environment is important for many geotechnical projects. This study examines the influence of coupled water and thermal treatments on the fracture toughness and characteristics of a typical sandstone under mode I and mode II loading conditions. Notched deep beam (NDB) specimens were utilized and subjected to soaking treatments at various water temperatures (23 °C, 60 °C, and 99 °C). The experimental results indicate a significant reduction in both mode I and mode II fracture toughness values, with reductions ranging from 15.4% to 13.2% for mode I and 26.1% to 8.9% for mode II respectively. As the water temperatures increase, a slightly rising trend is observed in both mode I and mode II fracture toughness within the examined temperature range. Sandstone specimens displayed typical brittle fracture characteristics at lower soaking temperatures. For mode I specimens, an increase in ductility was evident with higher soaking temperatures, while the ductile behavior is less pronounced in the mode II specimens. Based on the Maximum Tangential Stress (MTS) criterion and the Generalized Maximum Tangential Stress (GMTS) criterion, the predicted values of mode II fracture toughness and the fracture process zone (FPZ) were discussed. The results show that both the GMTS and MTS criteria exhibit inaccuracies in predicting the mode II fracture toughness of sandstone treated at different soaking water temperatures. However, the GMTS criterion, which incorporates T-stress, demonstrates smaller errors compared to the MTS criterion. The study shows that the radius r0 of the fracture process zone is not a constant under both mode I and mode II loading conditions. The calculation of the fracture process zone radius r0 in the GMTS criterion requires further theoretical and experimental study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackground and AimMethodsResultsConclusionsTo explore the feasibility of a standardized training and assessment system for magnetically controlled capsule gastroscopy (MCCG).The results of 90 trainees who underwent the standardized training and assessment system of the MCCG at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from May 2020 to November 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. The trainees were divided into three groups according to their medical backgrounds: doctor, nurse, and non-medical groups. The training and assessment system adopted the ‘7 + 2’ mode, seven days of training plus two days of theoretical and operational assessment. The passing rates of theoretical, operational, and total assessment were the primary outcomes. Satisfaction and mastery of the MCCG was checked.Ninety trainees were assessed; theoretical assessment’s passing rates in the three groups were 100%. The operational and total assessment passing rates were 100% (25/25), 97.92% (47/48), and 94.12% (16/17), for the doctor, nurse, and non-doctor groups respectively, with no significant difference (χ2 = 1.741, p = 0.419). No bleeding or perforation occurred during the procedure. Approximately, 96.00% (24/25), 95.83% (46/48), and 94.12% (16/17) of the doctor, nurse and non-medical groups anonymously expressed great satisfaction, respectively, without statistically significant difference (χ2 = 0.565, p = 1.000). The average follow-up time was 4–36 months, and 87 trainees (96.67%) had mastered the operation of the MCCG in daily work.Standardized training and assessment of magnetically controlled capsule endoscopists is effective and feasible. Additionally, a strict assessment system and long-term communication and learning can improve teaching effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The dysfunction of myc-related zinc finger protein (MAZ) has been proven to contribute to tumorigenesis and development of multiple cancer types. However, the biological roles and clinical significance of MAZ in clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) remain unclear. Methods: MAZ expression was examined in ccRCC and normal kidney tissue by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the clinical correlation between MAZ expression and clinicopathological characteristics to determine the relationship between MAZ expression and the survival of ccRCC patients. The biological roles of MAZ in cells were investigated in vitro using MTT and colony assays. Luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to investigate the relationship between MAZ and its potential downstream signaling molecules. Results: MAZ expression is elevated in ccRCC tissues, and higher levels of MAZ were correlated with poor survival of patients with ccRCC. MAZ upregulation elevates the proliferation ability of ccRCC cells in vitro, whereas silencing MAZ represses this ability. Our results further reveal that MAZ promotes cell growth, which is dependent on ERK signaling. Importantly, we found that MAZ positively regulates MAP2K2 expression in ccRCC cells. Mechanistically, MAZ binds to the MAP2K2 promoter and increases MAP2K2 transcription. Furthermore, MAP2K2 levels were shown to be increased in ccRCC tissues and to be associated with a poor prognosis of ccRCC patients. MAP2K2 upregulation activates the ERK signaling pathway and promotes ccRCC progression. Conclusion: These results reveal that the MAZ/MAP2K2/ERK signaling axis plays a crucial role in promoting ccRCC progression, which suggests the potential therapeutic utility of MAZ in ccRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, pinning control and delta operator skills are applied to study couple-group consensus for heterogeneous MASs (multi-agent systems) with switched topology in cooperative-competitive networks. A new couple-group consensus agreement has been designed for this heterogeneous MASs with time delay. On the basis of delta operator and stability theory, couple-group consensus of the continuous or discrete systems can be transformed to analyze stability of a system with time lag. By using stability theory and LMI (Linear matrix inequality) technique, some meaningful results are put forward to obtain couple-group consensus of the heterogeneous MASs. In addition, these conclusions are also suitable for MASs whose switched topologies networks can't meet the equilibrium of in-degree or can't meet the requirements of any sub-topology with a spanning tree. In the end, some digital experiments are listed to prove the validity of the obtained achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]