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BackgroundThe 2020 Chinese guidelines for ultrasound malignancy risk stratification of thyroid nodules: the C-TIRADS (C-TIRADS for short) put forward a method for stratifying the malignancy risk of thyroid nodules, but there are few studies about its value in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules.ObjectiveTo compare the value of ultrasound-based thyroid nodule malignancy risk stratification in differentiating malignant and benign thyroid nodule between C-TIRADS and 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: the American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (ATA guidelines for short) .MethodsA total of 336 inpatients who underwent surgery and ultrasound examination in Bozhou People's Hospital from January 2019 to May 2021 were selected as participants. Four ultrasonologists with a title higher than attending physician were equally randomized into groups A and B for evaluating ultrasonic examination results according to ultrasound-based thyroid nodule malignancy risk stratification in C-TIRADS and ATA guidelines, respectively. The accuracies of ultrasound-based thyroid nodule malignancy stratification in the two guidelines in differentiating malignant and benign thyroid nodules were assessed using intraoperative or postoperative pathological findings (gold standard for diagnosis) , and were further analyzed using ROC analysis.ResultsAccording to intraoperative or postoperative pathological findings, the participants had 367 thyroid nodules in total, including 253 benign nodules and 114 malignant nodules. The nodules were classified as follows according to the TI-RADS in the C-TIRADS by ultrasonologists in group A: (1) 253 benign nodules: 2 were in TI-RADS 5 category, 23, 30, and 80 were in categories 4c, 4b, and 4a, respectively, 103 were in 3 category, and 15 were in 2 category; (2) 114 malignant nodules: 24 were in TI-RADS 5 category, 59 were in 4c category, 22 were in 4b category, 6 were in 4a category and 3 were in 3 category. And the classification of nodules according to the ATA guideline by ultrasonologists in group B was: (1) 253 benign nodules: 13, 53, 47, 118 were high, intermediate, low, and very low suspicion pattern for malignancy, respectively, and 22 were benign pattern; (2) 114 malignant nodules: 76, 24, 8, 6 were high, intermediate, low, and very low suspicion pattern for malignancy, respectively. ROC analysis showed that, AUCs of ultrasound-based thyroid nodule malignancy risk stratification in differentiating malignant and benign thyroid nodules between C-TIRADS and ATA guidelines were 0.890〔95%CI (0.815, 0.918) 〕and 0.780〔95%CI (0.750, 0.876) 〕, with significant difference (Z=13.62, P

Aiming at the problem of real-time storage of high resolution, high frame frequency and large capacity image data obtained in telemetry test, as well as the problem of transmission stability, we optimized a storage system. This system takes 7 series FPGA as the control core, and stores the received large-capacity image into the solid state hard disk through SATA3.0 transmission bus. The state machine is optimized in the stored procedure to solve the problem of transmission interruption through the real-time marker monitoring.After the storage was completed, the data in the SSD will be read through the gigabit Ethernet to the computer for playback and analysis.Lots of reading and writing data were completed at room temperature and -40 ℃ and +60 ℃. The results show that the optimized storage system can achieve high speed and long time stable storage and has a good reference value in large capacity storage.

In the high-speed image data transmission system, a high-speed image data transmission system design scheme based on DDR2 SDRAM is proposed for the high throughput of image data and the application of "large capacity" data buffer. In order to meet the high throughput requirements of image data and the large capacity requirements of data caching, FPGA internal FIFO resources with off-chip DDR2 hierarchical cache mechanism is adopted. In order to facilitate the reading and writing of image data and the management of addresses, the internal storage space of DDR is redistributed. After testing, the system can display image data in real time on the host computer, which is stable and reliable.

In order to solve the problem of noise preprocessing in the process of image acquisition by complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS) image sensor, a configurable adaptive weighted mean filter module in FPGA is proposed. This module determines the direction of the texture by detecting the variance of different directions in the filter window, thus automatically generating the corresponding weighting coefficients. The weighted mean filter can process image with a width of no more than 4 094 pixels, so as to achieve the goal of de-noising and preserving edges. Finally, the experiment shows that when the image width is 2 048, the delay is 42.04 μs, and it satisfies the real-time requirement. The image noise is obviously reduced. The texture edge burr is disappearing, and the image quality can be improved better after filtering.

A new miniaturized beacon is designed aiming at the retrieval of aircraft recorder. The beacon consists of a GPS module, a control unit, a Beidou module and a power supply module. The control unit streamlines the positioning information quickly gathered by GPS, and transmits the coordinate information to receivers through the Beidou module during work. The target position is rapidly locked，and consequently the retrieval efficiency is greatly improved this way. The beacon also has the characteristics of accurate positioning, high reliability, portability and low power consumption.

RS422 is widely used in industrial and defense communication interfaces due to its low cost and high reliability. However, due to its short transmission rate and short transmission distance, its application range is limited to low-speed, short-distance transmission. Aiming at such problems, this paper analyzes the reasons for restricting the transmission rate and distance of RS422, and proposes a method to increase the communication speed of the interface in software. This method is that we perform 6B/10B encoding on RS422 data, and increase the level conversion to make the processor better edge judgment. The DC component in the traditional 8B/10B encoding is removed from the encoding to achieve unique encoding and has one bit error correction function. Experiments show that by increasing the coding method, the transmission rate of RS422 is closer to the theoretical value, which has certain reference significance for improving the throughput of RS422 in engineering.

The telemetry data are essential in evaluating the performance of aircraft and diagnosing its failures. This work combines the oversampling technology with the run-length encoding compression algorithm with an error factor to further enhance the compression performance of telemetry data in a multichannel acquisition system. Compression of telemetry data is carried out with the use of FPGAs. In the experiments there are used pulse signals and vibration signals. The proposed method is compared with two existing methods. The experimental results indicate that the compression ratio, precision, and distortion degree of the telemetry data are improved significantly compared with those obtained by the existing methods. The implementation and measurement of the proposed telemetry data compression method show its effectiveness when used in a high-precision high-capacity multichannel acquisition system.

This paper presents a simple DFT-based golden section searching algorithm (DGSSA) for the single tone frequency estimation. Because of truncation and discreteness in signal samples, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) are inevitable to cause the spectrum leakage and fence effect which lead to a low estimation accuracy. This method can improve the estimation accuracy under conditions of a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a low resolution. This method firstly uses three FFT samples to determine the frequency searching scope, then – besides the frequency – the estimated values of amplitude, phase and dc component are obtained by minimizing the least square (LS) fitting error of three-parameter sine fitting. By setting reasonable stop conditions or the number of iterations, the accurate frequency estimation can be realized. The accuracy of this method, when applied to observed single-tone sinusoid samples corrupted by white Gaussian noise, is investigated by different methods with respect to the unbiased Cramer-Rao Low Bound (CRLB). The simulation results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the frequency estimation curve is consistent with the tendency of CRLB as SNR increases, even in the case of a small number of samples. The average RMSE of the frequency estimation is less than 1.5 times the CRLB with SNR = 20 dB and N = 512.

Recognition of modified histones by 'reader' proteins plays a critical role in the regulation of chromatin (1). H3K36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) is deposited onto the nucleosomes in the transcribed regions after RNA polymerase II elongation. In yeast, this mark in turn recruits epigenetic regulators to reset the chromatin to a relatively repressive state, thus suppressing cryptic transcription (2). However, much less is known about the role of H3K36me3 in transcription regulation in mammals. This is further complicated by the transcription-coupled incorporation of the histone variant H3.3 in gene bodies (3). Here we show that the candidate tumour suppressor ZMYND11 specifically recognizes H3K36me3 on H3.3 (H3.3K36me3) and regulates RNA polymerase II elongation. Structural studies show that in addition to the trimethyl-lysine binding by an aromatic cage within the PWWP domain, the H3.3-dependent recognition is mediated by the encapsulation of the H3.3-specific 'Ser 31' residue in a composite pocket formed by the tandem bromo-PWWP domains of ZMYND11. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing shows a genome-wide co-localization of ZMYND11 with H3K36me3 and H3.3 in gene bodies, and its occupancy requires the pre-deposition of H3.3K36me3. Although ZMYND11 is associated with highly expressed genes, it functions as an unconventional transcription co-repressor by modulating RNA polymerase II at the elongation stage. ZMYND11 is critical for the repression of a transcriptional program that is essential for tumour cell growth; low expression levels of ZMYND11 in breast cancer patients correlate with worse prognosis. Consistently, overexpression of ZMYND11 suppresses cancer cell growth in vitro and tumour formation in mice. Together, this study identifies ZMYND11 as an H3.3-specific reader of H3K36me3 that links the histone-variant-mediated transcription elongation control to tumour suppression., ZMYND11 (also known as BS69) is an adenovirus early region 1A(E1A)-interacting protein that functions as a co-repressor of E1A and cellular transcription factors including the c-Myb and ETS-2 oncoproteins (4-6). [...]