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Objective: To assess the safety and feasibility of Bi's intestinal loop binding treatment of esophageal jejunal anastomotic leak after total gastrectomy. Methods: Bi's Intestinal loop binding are suitable for patients who underwent radical total gastrectomy+Roux-en-Y anastomosis and were confirmed by upper gastrointestinal angiography to have esophageal jejunal anastomotic leakage and whose conservative or endoscopic treatment was ineffective. The operation procedure is as follows: take the original central incision of the upper abdomen, remove the abscess around the anastomoses after ventral incision, and place drainage tube inside the abscess, which is convenient to rinse and drain after operation. A double 1-0 VICRYL is applied to the loop of gastrointestinal surrogate 10-15 cm proximal to the jejuno-jejunal anastomosis. The knot tension is tight to prevent regurgitation of digestive juices, but too much force should be avoided to cut the intestinal tract. Nutritional jejunostomy fistula was performed at 10‒15 cm distal to the jejuno-jejunal anastomosis and gastric tube was retained during the operation. The preoperative and postoperative data from 12 patients with jejunal esophageal anastomotic leak after total radical gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y anastomosis were retrospectively analyzed from October 2016 to January 2023 in gastrointestinal surgery and pancreas surgery at Shanxi People's Hospital, and observed the curative effect. Results: 12 patients were managed with Bi's Intestinal loop binding, operative time (60.0±20.8) minutes, median bleeding (50±10.8) ml, median hospital stay 20(12~28) days, and median reviewing upper and mid Gastrointestinal Contrast time postoperatively 61(52~74) days. The results showed that the anastomoses healed well, all the small intestine showed good imaging, the binding wire fell off by itself, and two patients had incision infection. Conclusions: It is safe and feasible for patients with esophageal jejunostomy fistulae after total gastrectomy to use the method of Bi's Intestinal loop binding.

The introduction of alkyne moieties into peptides remains in demand as it represents a promising approach for further structural diversification of peptides. Herein, we describe the Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H alkynylation of Ala-Asn-embedded di- and tripeptides using Asn as the endogenous lead group. In addition, a key building block for the glycopeptide Tyc4PG-14 and Tyc4PG-15 was produced by our methodology.

Vapor processing device is a device that can control the headspace pressure in the underground storage tanks and recover the vapor. By analyzing the chemical composition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the inlet and outlet of the vapor processing device, the ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP) were estimated by maximum incremental reaction (MIR) and fractional aerosol coefficients (FAC), and the secondary pollution formation contribution of VOCs were quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that:① the ρ (total volatile organic compounds, TVOC) at the inlet and outlet of the vapor processing device were 436-706 g·m -3 and 4.98-10.04 g·m -3 , respectively. Alkanes (72%±4%), oxygenated organics (14%±2%), and olefins (11%±5%) were the dominant components of VOCs emissions. There were little differences in VOCs emissions from the different vapor processing devices; the key species were i-pentane (approximately 25%), followed by n-butane, i-butane, and n-pentane. ② The ozone source reactivity (SR) of VOCs emissions from the outlet of the vapor processing device was 2.6-3.3 g·g -1 , and the OFP was 3.5-25.6 g·m -3 . Olefins contributed the most (43%-69%), followed by alkanes (20%-35%) and oxygenated organics (10%-22%). Butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, i-pentane, and propionaldehyde were the species that highly contributed to OFP. ③ Aromatics in VOCs emissions contributed the most to SOAP (80%-92%), and the main active species were toluene, 1, 2, 4-trimethylbenzene, 1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene, and p -diethylbenzene. The research showed that different VOCs species emitted by the vapor processing device contributed obvious differences to the secondary atmospheric pollution, and butene species and aromatics such as toluene were the focus of VOCs emission control of vehicle gasoline and vapor processing device.

Ghrelin is a circulating orexigenic hormone that promotes feeding behavior and regulates metabolism in humans and rodents. We previously reported that local infusion of ghrelin into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) blocked memory acquisition for conditioned taste aversion (CTA) by activating growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a. In this study, we further explored the underlying mechanism and signaling pathways mediating ghrelin modulation of CTA memory in rats. Pharmacological agents targeting distinct signaling pathways were infused into the BLA during conditioning. We showed that preadministration of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abolished the repressive effect of ghrelin on CTA memory. Moreover, LY294002 pretreatment prevented ghrelin from inhibiting Arc and zif268 mRNA expression in the BLA triggered by CTA memory retrieval. Preadministration of rapamycin eliminated the repressive effect of ghrelin, while Gsk3 inhibitors failed to mimic ghrelin's effect. In addition, PLC and PKC inhibitors microinfused in the BLA blocked ghrelin's repression of CTA acquisition. These results demonstrate that ghrelin signaling in the BLA shapes CTA memory via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and PLC/PKC pathways. We conducted in vivo multichannel recordings from mouse BLA neurons and found that microinjection of ghrelin (20 µM) suppressed intrinsic excitability. By means of whole-cell recordings from rat brain slices, we showed that bath application of ghrelin (200 nM) had no effect on basal synaptic transmission or synaptic plasticity of BLA pyramidal neurons. Together, this study reveals the mechanism underlying ghrelin-induced interference with CTA memory acquisition in rats, i.e., suppression of intrinsic excitability of BLA principal neurons via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and PLC/PKC pathways., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Pharmacological Society.)

Lymphadenectomy, as one of the controversial foci in clinic, is an extremely important part of radical surgery for gastric cancer. So far, the preliminary consensus has been reached on the scope and number of lymph node dissection, based on the etiological mechanism, disease progression, diagnosis and treatment prognosis of gastric cancer. At present, some clinical issues of lymphadenectomy in curative gastrectomy are still need to be addressed. Firstly, standardized procedure in lymph node dissection for gastric cancer is a prerequisite to decrease the incidence of postoperative complications and to improve the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Furthermore, the plausible treatment strategy in perioperative phase is also deemed as the other key method to offer a benefit of survival rate for advanced stage patients after lymphadenectomy. Last but not least, the technologies for enhancement the prediction accuracy of lymph node metastasis preoperatively or intraoperatively should be worthy in-depth study.

Aim: To explore the relationship between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and renal damage in patients with H-type hypertension. Materials & methods: A total of 618 patients between 2017 and 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: NLR was significantly correlated with renal damage in hypertension patients. Appropriate cut-off value for NLR (2.247) was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve; linear regression analysis showed that NLR and estimated glomerular filtration rate, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine has a significant negative correlation in H-type hypertension group (p < 0.05); logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of renal damage increased by 10% for each 1 umol/l increase of homocysteine, and 51% for each 1.0 increase of NLR in H-type hypertension patients. Conclusion: NLR worth popularizing in prediction of renal damage in patients with H-type hypertension.

Objective: To explore the correlation of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules(DAMPs) serum S100, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and uric acid (UA) with age and body mass index (BMI) to provide direction for further study of metabolic inflammation and inflammaging. Methods: The observational study method was used,and three hundred and sixty-six healthy people (131 males and 235 females) were selected from the physical examination center of the Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province from May to October 2020. They were divided into three age groups according to the age interval of 20 years, including 156 (53 males and 103 females) aged 20-40 years, 110 (36 males and 74 females) aged 41-60 years, and 100 (42 males and 58 females) aged 61-80 years. Kruskal Wallis H test was used to compare the differences of serum S100, CRP, SAA and UA levels among different age groups. According to the Health Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China-Weight Determination for Adults, the boundary is BMI =24 kg/m 2 . The healthy people were divided into non overweight (BMI<24 kg/m 2 ) and overweight (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m 2 ) two groups. The 1∶1 propensity score was used to match the age and gender. There were 96 non overweight subjects [43 males, 53 females, age 52 (35, 66) years], 96 overweight subjects [44 males, 52 females, age 52 (36, 64) years]. The serum levels of S100, CRP, SAA and UA in different BMI groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The median serum UA concentrations in males and females were 356 and 277 μmol/L, and the levels of serum UA of male was significantly higher than that of female ( Z =-10.428, P <0.001); the median serum SAA concentrations in males and females were 3.1 mg/L and 4.4 mg/L, while the serum SAA level of female was significantly higher than that of male ( Z =3.652, P <0.001); for 20-40, 41-60, and 61-80 years old group, the median concentration of serum S100 was 0.058, 0.057, 0.070 μg/L, and the median concentration of serum CRP was 0.32, 0.58, 0.93 mg/L; the median serum SAA concentrations were 3.2, 4.0, 5.2 mg/L; serum uric acid concentrations were (301.8±61.5), (298.6±69.8), (329.0±77.8) μmol/L. The levels of serum S100, CRP, SAA, UA in 61-80 years group were significantly higher than those of 20-40 years group ( H =-2.749, H =-6.731, H =-5.033, H =-2.521, P =0.018, P <0.001, P <0.001, P =0.035) and 41-60 years old group ( H =-2.719, H =-2.539, H =-2.540, H =-2.486, P =0.020, P =0.033, P =0.033, P =0.039).The levels of serum CRP of 41-60 years group was significantly higher than that of 20-40 years group ( H =-4.108, P <0.001). There was no significant difference in levels of serum S100, SAA and UA between 20-40 years group and 41-60 years group ( H =0.189, H =-2.360, H =-0.165, P =1.000, P =0.055, P =1.000); the levels of serum CRP and SAA were positively correlated with age ( r s =0.342, r s =0.301, P <0.001, P <0.001); for overweight, non-overweight group, the median concentrations of serum S100 were 0.065 μg/L, 0.059 μg/L, the median concentrations of serum CRP were 0.92 mg/L, 0.47 mg/L, the median concentrations of serum SAA were 5.0 mg/L, 4.1 mg/L, the median concentrations of serum UA were 339.5 μmol/L, 301.5 μmol/L, the levels of CRP, SAA and UA in the overweight group were higher than those in the non-overweight group ( Z =4.278, Z =2.025, Z =3.787, P <0.001, P =0.043, P <0.001); the levels of S100 in the overweight group was higher than those in the non-overweight group, but there was no significant difference in S100 between the two groups ( Z =0.862, P =0.388); the levels of Serum CRP and UA were positively correlated with BMI ( r s =0.348, r s =0.264, P <0.001, P =0.009). Conclusions: With the increase of age, the serum S100, CRP, SAA and UA levels of healthy people may be on the rise, especially the serum CRP and SAA levels are positively correlated with age; the serum S100, CRP, SAA and UA levels of overweight people may be higher than those of non-overweight people, especially the serum CRP, UA levels are positively correlated with BMI.

Chinese emission standard of air pollutants for bulk gasoline terminals (GB 20950-2007) stipulate standards for vapor emissions during gasoline storage and receiving in bulk gasoline terminals. However, the standards are not applicable to crude oil, aviation kerosene, naphtha, and other kinds of oil. We assess emission standards or directives for vapor processing equipment in terminals in the United States (US) and European Union (EU), and analyze the emission status of vapor processing equipment in three typical cities in China. We further propose revisions to GB 20950-2007. We made the following observations. ① US and EU standards include scope not only for gasoline, but also crude oil and other organic liquids. ② The emission limits of non-methane hydrocarbons defined in GB 20950-2007 are i) 0.5, 1.8, and 8.9 times those defined in Subpart XX, Subpart R, and Subpart Y in the US federal regulations, ii) 1.8 and 3.1 times those defined in Rule 462 and Rule 1142 in southern California law, and iii) 0.7 and 500 times those defined in EU and German directives, respectively. The vapor leakage limit for general areas of China is 0.5 times that defined in Subpart XX of the US standards, whereas the limits for some other specific areas of China, are 0.7 and 2.0 times those defined by Rule 462 and Rule 1142 in southern California law. ③ The numerical range of P5th-P95th of NMHC emissions from the inlet and outlet of vapor processing equipment in three typical cities of China were 115-811 g·m -3 and 0.1-20.0 g·m -3 , respectively. The proportion of NMHC emission concentrations less than or equal to 10 g·m -3 at the outlet of vapor processing equipment was>85%. We suggest that the scope of application of GB 20950-2007 should be extended to crude oil, gasoline (including ethanol gasoline), aviation kerosene, and naphtha. The emission concentration limit of NMHC from vapor processing equipment should be tighten from 25 g·m -3 to 20 g·m -3 , with a emission limit of 10 g·m -3 added for particular cases.

As a subcenter of the city of Beijing, Tongzhou District is faced with enormous pressure from the rapid growth of VOCs emissions from service stations. In this study, a set of bottom-up VOCs inventory estimation methods for service stations in Tongzhou District is established. Using local VOCs emission factors of service stations in Beijing, combined with gasoline and diesel sales from every service station, a high resolution VOCs emission inventory of service stations in Tongzhou District from 2015 to 2022 was established. The results showed the following. ①An online monitoring system (OMS) based on unloading, refueling, and tank pressure vapor emission control measures can reduce the VOCs emission factor from 190 mg·L -1 to 115 mg·L -1 , and when the percent onboard refueling vapor recovery system (ORVR) Penetration reaches to about 50%, the emission factors can be reduced to 131 mg·L -1 and 96 mg·L -1 , respectively. The VOCs emission factor (13 mg·L -1 ) of diesel from the service station is 0.8% of the uncontrolled emission factor (1552 mg·L -1 ) of gasoline. ②The amount of VOCs emissions from service stations in Tongzhou District was 97.8 t·a -1 in 2015, and the emissions of gasoline and diesel were 96.2 t·a -1 and 1.6 t·a -1 , respectively, accounting for 98.4% and 1.6%. The emissions were mainly concentrated in the area surrounding the new Beijing Municipal Government site. ③After implementation of the vapor recovery requirements of "Beijing's Clean Air Action Plan from 2013-2017," considering the increase in oil sales from 2017 to 2022, VOCs emissions of gasoline and diesel from service stations will decrease by 9% and 6%, respectively, compared to those of 2015 in Tongzhou District. Assuming that the OMS will also be installed at 28 (2000-5000) t·a -1 service stations by the end of 2022, VOCs emissions of service stations will be reduce by 13% compared to those of 2015. ④The measure of restricting the number of vehicles in operation by 50% can reduce VOCs emissions of service stations by (22±12)% every day during 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation conference (APEC). ⑤It is suggested to strengthen vapor recovery supervision on service stations in the area surrounding the new Beijing Municipal Government site, and in summer and refueling idle such as in noon.

VOCs emission of service station is one of the main sources of VOCs in Beijing. Uncontrolled emission factor (UEF) of refueling in China, US EPA, EEA respectively is 2.16, 1.31 and 1.00 times of CARB UEF (1008 mg·L -1 ). China's gasoline standards have changed in the last 20 years, and there is an urgent need to carry out the localization of gasoline refueling VOCs emission factor research. This paper compared test methods for refueling emission factors of European Union (EU) and California Air Resources Board (CARB) and found that the EU method was simpler and easier to operate than the CARB method, so we processed refueling VOCs emission factors test device in reference to EU test methods and chose a set of United States Stage Ⅱ vapor recovery system in Beijing service stations to carry out studies on VOCs emission factors. The results showed that: 1 For the fuel test tank, refueling vapor recovery efficiencies were 0.93 and 0.83 times of air to liquid volume ratio (A/L) of Stage Ⅱ respectively in winter and summer. Refueling emission factor in summer was greater than that in winter, and its recovery efficiency was lower than that in winter. 2 For the social vehicles, winter and summer refueling UEF respectively was (525±42) mg·L -1 and (963±174) mg·L -1 , at the same time was 0.52 and 0.95 times of CARB refueling UEF (1008 mg·L -1 ) in A/L=0.The average value of emission factors respectively was (55±30) mg·L -1 and (112±108) mg·L -1 in A/L 1.05-1.07 in winter and summer. 3Refueling UEF without vapor recovery of social vehicles was chosen as the localized summer and winter refueling UEF in Beijing, we could calculate the emission factor of vapor recovery in different A/L combining with the linear equation of the fuel test tank.

We investigated the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) on the proliferation and invasion of human cervical cancer cell lines, as well as the molecular pathways underlying these effects. MTT cell proliferation assays revealed a time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect of PA-MSHA on HeLa cells but not H8 cells. Flow cytometry with propidium iodide and annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate labeling (FITC) indicated that various concentrations of PA-MSHA could induce apoptosis and G2-M cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells. PA-MSHA also impaired the migration and invasion abilities of HeLa cells in Wound healing and Transwell invasion assays. Western blot results demonstrated that PA-MSHA reduced the expression of p-AKT, p-GSK3β, BCL-2, Vimentin and β-catenin, but increased the levels of PTEN, BAD, BAX and E-cadherin in HeLa cells. Importantly, PTEN siRNA induced the activity of p-AKT, while PA-MSHA partly inhibited this induction, indicating that PA-MSHA may reduce the cell proliferation and invasion potential by activating PTEN and thus inhibiting the AKT pathway in vitro. These data suggest the potential application of PA-MSHA to the treatment of human cervical cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Luria-Bertani broth and acetone were usually used in naphthalene degradation experiments as nutrient and solvent. However, their effect on the degradation was seldom mentioned. In this work, we investigated the effect of LB, naphthalene concentration, and acetone on the degradation of naphthalene by Pseudomonas putida G7, which is useful for the degradation of naphthalene on future field remediation. By adding LB, the naphthalene degradation efficiencies and naphthalene dioxygenase were both decreased by 98%, while the catechol dioxygenase was decreased by 90%. Degradation of naphthalene was also inhibited when naphthalene concentration was 56 ppm and higher, which was accompanied with the accumulation of orange-colored metabolism products. However, acetone can stimulate the degradation of naphthalene, and the stimulation was more obvious when naphthalene concentration was lower than 2000 ppm. By assaying the enzyme activities of naphthalene dioxygenase and catechol dioxygenase, it was thought that the degradation efficiency was depending on the more sensitive enzymes on the complicated conditions.

Background: Failure of bioprosthetics is usually caused by calcification of the leaflets as a consequence of high tensile stresses. The stentless valve resembles native mitral valve anatomy, has a flexible leaflet attachment and a suspension at the papillary muscles, and preserves annuloventricular continuity. In this study, the effects of the stentless valve design on leaflet stress were investigated with a finite element model., Methods: Finite element models of the stentless quadrileaflet mitral valve were created in the close and open configurations. The geometry of the stented trileaflet mitral valve was also analyzed for comparative purposes. Under the designated pressures, the regional stresses were evaluated, and the distributions of stresses were assessed., Results: Regardless of whether the valve is in the open or close configuration, the maximum first principal stress was significantly lower in the stentless valve than in the stented valve. For the stentless valves, limited stress concentration was discretely distributed in the papillary flaps under both close and open conditions. In contrast, in the stented valve, increased stress concentration was evident at the central belly under the open condition and at the commissural attachment under close condition. In either configuration, the maximum second principal stress was markedly lower in the stentless valve than in the stented valve., Conclusions: The stentless valve was associated with a significant reduction in leaflet stress and a more homogeneous stress distribution compared to the stented valve. These findings are consistent with recent reports of the clinical effectiveness of the stentless quadrileaflet mitral valve.

We have developed a novel multiplexed bead-based mesofluidic system (MBMS) based on the specific recognition events on the surface of a series of microbeads (diameter 250 μm) arranged in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels (diameter 300 μm) with the predetermined order and assembled an apparatus implementing automatically the high-throughput bead-based assay and further demonstrated its feasibility and flexibility of gene diagnosis and genotyping, such as β-thalassemia mutation detection and HLA-DQA genotyping. The apparatus, consisting of bead-based mesofluidic PDMS chip, liquid-processing module, and fluorescence detection module, can integrate the procedure of automated-sampling, hybridization reactions, washing, and in situ fluorescence detection. The results revealed that MBMS is fast, has high sensitivity, and can be automated to carry out parallel and multiplexed genotyping and has the potential to open up new routes to flexible, high-throughput approaches for bioanalysis.

One nuclear and three chloroplast DNA regions (ITS, rbcL, matK and trnH-psbA) were used to identify the species of Alnus (Betulaceae). The results showed that 23 out of all 26 Alnus species in the world, represented by 131 samples, had their own specific molecular character states, especially for three morphologically confused species (Alnus formosana, Alnus japonica and Alnus maritima). The discriminating power of the four markers at the species level was 10% (rbcL), 31.25% (matK), 63.6% (trnH-psbA) and 76.9% (ITS). For ITS, the mean value of genetic distance between species was more than 10 times the intraspecific distance (0.009%), and 13 species had unique character states that differentiated them from other species of Alnus. The trnH-psbA region had higher mean values of genetic distance between and within species (2.1% and 0.68% respectively) than any other region tested. Using the trnH-psbA region, 13 species are distinguished from 22 species, and seven species have a single diagnostic site. The combination of two regions, ITS and trnH-psbA, is the best choice for DNA identification of Alnus species, as an improvement and supplement for morphologically based taxonomy. This study illustrates the potential for certain DNA regions to be used as novel internet biological information carrier through combining DNA sequences with existing morphological character and suggests a relatively reliable and open taxonomic system based on the linked DNA and morphological data., (© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)

Objective: To determine the effective rule of protraction in different directions,strains, and shifts of maxillary bone,and to supply the scientific data for treatment of the maxilla in patients with cleft lip and palate., Methods: " Based on the establishment of 3-dimensional finite element model of maxilla with cleft lip and palate,ANSYS 10.0 software was used to simulate protraction,and then we analyzed the change of maxillary stress and shift in the same force of traction in different directions., Results: With 500 g per lateral protraction and the protraction angle from 20 degree to 45 degree,the maxillary shifted upward, forward, and outward, and the shape of maxillary plate bow showed internal shrinkage. There was a close relation between the internal shrinkage and the direction of protraction. The smaller the angle between the direction of protraction and the functional occlusion plane,the larger the internal shrinkage of tooth bow. The larger the angle between the direction of protraction and the functional occlusion plane,the smaller the internal shrinkage of tooth bow., Conclusion: With protraction,the maxilla grows upward, forward, and outward, and the maxillary palate shinks internally. There is a close relation between the direction of protraction and the range of internal shrinkage.

Objective: To explore a faster and more precise method to establish a 3-dimensional (3 D) finite element model of maxillary in human complete unilateral cleft lip and palate., Methods: The surface of the model was created using Materialists Interactive Medical Image Control System (Mimics) software to deal with Dicom standard files obtained by scanning the cranium of the patient with multi-slice helical CT. The 3D finite element model for complete unilateral cleft lip and plate in maxillary was established by Ansys software., Results: A 3D finite element model of maxillary in human complete unilateral cleft lip and palate was constructed with 27,405 units and 26,876 nodes., Conclusion: The combination of Mimics software, Geomagic studio software, Ansys software, and spiral CT is able to create a 3D finite element counter model, which provides a faster and more valid method to study complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.