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Judges, jurors and other triers of fact often rely upon eyewitness evidence in criminal trials, but eyewitness memory is not always accurate and can sometimes be contaminated. The I-I-Eye is an evidence-based teaching aid designed to improve the evaluation of eyewitness evidence in legal settings. We aimed to further test the I-I-Eye and examine whether adding an active component to this teaching aid improves its effectiveness. Two experiments (N = 324 and N = 322) were conducted using a 2 (case strength: weak vs. strong) by 3 (teaching aid condition: control vs. passive vs. active) between-subjects design. Results of both experiments showed that the I-I-Eye can help jurors recognize strong eyewitness cases, although it was not particularly effective when the evidence was weak. It was also found that the active component did not further improve sensitivity. We discuss whether teaching aids such as the I-I-Eye may assist decision-makers in the evaluation of eyewitness evidence, while highlighting some of its main limitations found in our results.

This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of crossbred sheep (New Address) nulliparous, primiparous and pluriparous, subjected or not to the male effect. There were used 79 ewes and two rams (one vasectomised ram – teaser ram) and a breeder). In the first year, the females were subjected to the male effect (ME: male effect), in the following year, there has been no application of this method (AME: absence of male effect). Ewes subjected to ME showed a higher synchronization (P

The aim of this work is to evaluate and characterize the sexual behavior and maternal behavior of females of Morada Nova sheep breed in Brazilian Northeast. The study of sexual behavior of females was evaluated from the behavior shown by females before the breeding during the breeding season. This study was conducted in two consecutive years, and the male effect was used only in the first year. In the two years 59 females were used, with 20 nulliparous, 20 primiparous and 19 pluriparous. The behaviors studied were sniffed or not sniffed the male, urinated in the presence of male or not urinated in the presence of male, reactivity with male approach with score one, two or three, posture acceptance time to cover. In the second year of the experiment added the behavior of vocalizations. In the first year, nulliparous and primiparous had a higher frequency of the behavior of the sniffed the male compared to pluriparous. The results showed that the second year for all categories was the variable most frequently sniffed the male in relation to non sniffed the male, and vocalization was demonstrated by nulliparous females (8%) and primiparous (3%), but pluriparous not vocalized. In both years the primiparous showed more curiosity and also more time to breeding, thus characterizing particular attention to this category at the time of coverage. In the study of maternal-filial behavior, showed 46 births (16 pluriparous , 17 secundiparous and 13 primiparous), in which they evaluated the following variables: time of parturition, number of offspring, eating placenta, water intake, intake food, vocalizations per minute mothers, latency to make the first care, number of cleanings per minute, latency between birth and raising, latency between birth and breastfeeding, number of feedings creates, number of times that creates urinated and vocalizations of pups. Weighed at birth and at weaning of neonates were also performed. The more experienced females had higher number of fetuses, however, secundiparous had a lower mortality rate of their offspring, generating a greater number of weaned. Maternal care of the neonates at birth positively influence the feeding of colostrum and development of the offspring to weaning. Objetivou-se avaliar e caracterizar o comportamento sexual e o materno-filial de fêmeas ovinas da raça Morada Nova em diferentes ordens de parição. O comportamento sexual de fêmeas foi avaliado a partir dos comportamentos apresentados pelas fêmeas perante o reprodutor durante a estação de monta. Este estudo foi realizado em dois anos consecutivos, sendo que no primeiro ano foi utilizado o efeito macho e no segundo ano não houve a utilização do efeito macho. Em ambos os anos foram utilizadas 59 fêmeas, sendo, 20 nulíparas, 20 primíparas e 19 pluríparas. Os comportamentos estudados foram: cheirar ou não o macho, urinar ou não na presença do macho, reatividade ao macho com escore um, dois ou três, postura de aceitação, tempo para cobertura. No segundo ano do experimento adicionou-se o comportamento de vocalizações. No primeiro ano, fêmeas nulíparas e primíparas apresentaram maior frequência do comportamento de cheirar o macho em relação às pluríparas. Os resultados do segundo ano mostraram que para todas as ordens de parição houve maior frequência da atitude de cheirar o macho e o ato de vocalizar foi demonstrado por fêmeas nulíparas (8%) e primíparas (3%), já as pluríparas não vocalizaram. Em ambos os anos as fêmeas primíparas apresentaram maior tempo para cobertura, desta forma, caracterizando atenção especial a esta ordem de parição no momento da monta. No estudo do comportamento materno-filial foram acompanhados 46 partos (16 pluríparas, 17 secundíparas e 13 primíparas), nos quais se avaliaram as seguintes variáveis: tempo de parto, número de crias, ingestão de placenta, ingestão de água, ingestão de alimento, vocalizações por minuto das mães, latência para realização dos primeiros cuidados, número de limpezas por minuto, latência entre nascer e levantar, latência entre nascer e mamar, número de mamadas da cria, número de vezes que a cria urinou e vocalizações das crias. Também foram realizadas pesagens ao nascimento e ao desmame das crias. As fêmeas pluríparas e secundíparas apresentaram maior número de conceptos, entretanto, as secundíparas tiveram um menor índice de mortalidade de suas crias, gerando um maior número de desmamados. Os cuidados maternos com as crias no momento do parto influenciam positivamente na mamada do colostro e no desenvolvimento da cria até o desmame.