Search

Il contributo individua due fattori di trasformazione della originaria costituzione eco-nomica italiana, i quali affondano le loro radici culturali nei filoni del fiscal constitutionalism e dell'ordoliberalismo: da un lato l'incorporazione di fiscal rules in fonti rigide e di rango sovraordinato, anche per effetto del processo di integrazione europeo; dall'altro lato, l'incremento del tasso di razionalizzazione delle regole costituzionali sulla formazione della decisione di bilancio. Alla luce di tale evoluzione, il contributo si interroga sulla possibilità di una diversa organizzazione delle regole fiscali e di bilancio, la quale consenta di recuperare e saldare due principi che nell'impianto della Costituzione italiana fanno sistema: i principi di "responsabilità finanziaria" e di "responsabilità politica".

The newly established European Banking Union has introduced a unique accountability framework of the European Central Bank vis-a-vis the European Parliament (EP), but also vis-a-vis national parliaments, in the form of Banking Dialogue. The ECB was thus far held to account for its monetary policy actions by the EP in the framework of the long-existing Monetary Dialogue. However, some shortcomings have become apparent in this procedure, especially with the economic crisis. Beyond this, the recent attribution of new competences to the ECB calls for a reflection as to the accountability mechanisms in place to control its actions. Based on an empirical and normative analysis of both types of dialogues, we contend that the Banking Dialogue could serve as a model to reform the Monetary Dialogue to enhance the legitimacy of the ECB's actions and of the EU as a whole.

The report explores the impact of the recent migration flows on the asylum and internationalprotection regimes in Italy during the years 2011-2017 and also seeks to identify some best practices and policy recommendations. Through empirical evidence, statistics, expertinterviews, discourse analysis and an overview of academic literature, the report examinesthe response of the Italian authorities to the growing number of applications for internationalprotection (and therefore, the consequent growth of a strong anti-immigrant narrative).In particular, when comparing the legal framework and its effective implementation, the reportstresses the existence of 3 different dimensions of the concept of protection in the Italianexperience: - the constitutional dimension: at the top of the Italian system of the sources of law, Art.10, par. 3 of the Italian Constitution recognizes the right of asylum for every foreignerwho, in his/her country, is denied the effective exercise of the democratic freedomsestablished by the Constitution itself; - the international and supranational dimension: for the purpose of implementing theGeneva Convention of 1951 as well as EU Law (inter alia, Art. 18 of the Charter ofFundamental Rights and Directive 2004/83/EC), Italian legislation introduced 2 formsof international protection: refugee and subsidiary protection (in particular, LegislativeDecrees nos. 251/2007 and 142/2015); - the domestic legislative dimension: in addition to the types of protection deriving frominternational and supranational law, domestic legislation has introduced some specificforms of protection, and in particular humanitarian protection (Art. 5 of the ConsolidatedAct of provisions concerning immigration introduced humanitarian protection). In 2018,Decree-Law no. 113/2018 abolished the humanitarian protection. Currently, the art. 20of the Consolidated Act identifies 7 cases in which a national temporary permit to staycould be issued for specific reasons.