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RESUMEN: La cristalización a partir de disoluciones es importante industrialmente dada la gran variedad de sustancias que se comercializan cristalizadas. Para mejorar la enseñanza aprendizaje de esta Operación Básica, en este trabajo, realizado como Trabajo Fin de Carrera de Ingeniería Química, se ha implementado un programa de simulación de una cristalización, partiendo de los datos de una cristalización industrial de NaCl. El objetivo ha sido manejar herramientas de cálculo para simular y optimizar esta operación, lo que permite conocer más profundamente el proceso de la cristalización y la utilización de las herramientas de cálculo, es decir, utilizar simultáneamente los conocimientos adquiridos en las asignaturas de Operaciones con Sólidos y la de Simulación y Optimización de Procesos. RESUM: La cristal·lització a partir de dissolucions és important industrialment donada la gran varietat de substàncies que es comercialitzen cristal·litzades. Per millorar el procés d’ensenyament-aprenentatge d’aquesta Operació Bàsica, en aquest treball, realitzat com a Treball de Fi de Ca-rrera de la titulació d’ Enginyeria Química, s’ha desenvolupat un programa de simulació d’una cristallització industrial de NaCl. L’objectiu ha sigut manejar eines de càlcul per simular i optimitzar una cristal·lització, la qual cosa permet conèixer més profundament el procés de la cristal·lització i la utilització de les eines de càlcul, és a dir, utilitzar simultàniament els coneixements adquirits en les assignatures de Operacions amb Sòlid i la de Simulació i Optimització de Processos. ABSTRACT: Crystallization from solution is important industrially because of the variety of materials that are marketed in the crystalline form. To improve the teaching-learning process of this Unit Operation, in this work, performed as a Degree Final Project in Chemical Engineering studies, a simulation program of crystallization has been developed using data of an industrial NaCl crystallization process. The objective was the use of computational tools to simulate and optimize the crystallization, enabling a deeper insight into the crystallization operation and into the use of computational tools. https://doi.org/10.7203/attic.13.3905

Desulfurant sorbents prepared by hydration, in sea or distilled water, of calcined sewage sludge (ash) and CaO at CaO/ash weight ratios of 0.2 or 3 at room temperature or at 90 º C, were characterized by X-ray diffraction in order to relate the X-ray composition of the sorbents to the preparation process and to the specific surface area of the obtained sorbents. Results show that the main compounds detected in the sludge´s ash are the same than those found in bibliography for the calcined sludge. In all the sorbents, independently of the preparation conditions, Ca(OH)2 was found instead of CaO used as raw material. New and different crystalline products were found in the sorbents depending on the preparation conditions. All the sorbents prepared in seawater contain NaCl in their composition; the specific surface area of the sorbents increased with hydration time and temperature and was lower when seawater was used for hydration. We are thankful to MICINN in Spain, National Plan for scientific Research, Development and innovation, for financial support under Project: MAT2010-18862.

In the present work dry sewage sludge from a local municipal wastewater plant, has been incinerated at 900 º C with CaCO3 added at two sludge/CaCO3 ratios: 10 sludge /1 CaCO3 or 10 sludge /10 CaCO3 in weight. The ability of this salt to capture the SO2 produced during the incineration is studied. The SO2 captured is quantified as mole SO2 / mole of Ca. Results shows that the amount of SO2 captured /mole of CaCO3, is much higher at the 10 sludge /1 CaCO3 ratio. With the resulting ashes, reactivated at different ways, desulfurant sorbents were prepared and essayed in a desulfurization process at low temperature. Results of the process at low temperature showed that the highest value of SO2 captured was found with the sorbent coming from the ashes obtained from the mixture 10 sludge /1 CaCO3 and reactivated by hydration at room temperature.

With the aim of developing new uses of sewage sludge, a byproduct of municipal wastewater treatment plants, in the present work the calcination at 900° C of this waste with or without CaCO3 added was performed; the sludge was obtained from a local municipal wastewater treatment plant. The purpose was to study the ability of the CaCO3 to capture SO 2 during the incineration. The resulting ashes were reactivated at different experimental conditions to obtain desulfurant sorbents to be used in a further desulfurization process at low tempreature. The humidity, total solids and fixed and volatile solids were determined in the sludge with and without CaCO3 added. The elementary analysis of the dry sludge and of the calcinated was obtained. Results show that the C percentage highly decreases in the incineration due to the release of the volatile carbon compounds. The sulphur percentage increases principally due to the release of the volatile matter. The resulting ashes with or without CaCO3 added were studied by Thermogravimetry. T.G. curves show that not all the CaCO3 was calcinated mainly when the amout of CaCO3 added was high. The specific surface area of the dry sludge, of the ashes and of the sorbents prepared by reacitivation of the ashes was also determined We are thankful to MICINN for financial support of this work under Porject MAT 2009-10727

Procedimiento para la preparación de una composición sorbente captador de SO2, constituido por la mezcla en agua de hidróxido de calcio y una arcilla a seleccionar dentro de sepiolita, esmectita o atapulgita. La mezcla se realizará a temperatura ambiente y sin el uso de catalizadores; dando como resultado tras el filtrado y secado del material un sorbente con elevado porcentaje de captación de SO2 por mol de calcio. Solicitud: 200901994 (14.10.2009) Nº Pub. de Solicitud: ES2336636A1 (14.04.2010) Nº de Patente: ES2336636B1 (24.11.2010)

Ingeniería técnica Industrial. Especialidad en Química industrial

Grado en Ingeniería en Tecnologías Industriales

Ingeniería química

Grado en Ingeniería en Tecnologías Industriales

Ingeniería técnica Industrial. Especialidad en Química industrial

Ingeniería técnica Industrial. Especialidad en Química industrial

Ingeniería técnica Industrial. Especialidad en Química industrial

Ingeniería técnica Industrial. Especialidad en Química industrial

Ingeniería técnica Industrial. Especialidad en Química industrial

Ingeniería técnica Industrial. Especialidad en Química industrial

Ingeniería técnica Industrial. Especialidad en Química industrial

Ingeniería técnica Industrial. Especialidad en Química industrial

Ingeniería técnica Industrial. Especialidad en Química industrial

Ingeniería técnica Industrial. Especialidad en Química industrial