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The primary reason for the development of this project is the shortage of labour and increase in wages. Robotizing tea leaf harvesting will not only increase the production rate but also compensate for the labour issues. The main intent of the proposed system is to efficiently use renewable energy and provide an alternate solution to the shortage of labours in harvesting tea leaf. In India, tea harvesting is carried out manually by hand plucking or by machinery plucking. The main limitations of semi-automated tea harvesting machines are the power supply generation for the machine operation is using fuels which increased fuel cost and pollution among the surrounding environments. The project is proposed with the following benefits for society: 1. It increases the tea harvesting by minimal human resources; 2. It reduces the manual operation in the harvesting process; 3. It avoids the carbon emission in tea harvesting machines; 4. It utilizes minimum power and draws renewable energy for charging the batteries; 5. It regains the power by its own motion; 6. It saves operating human health without inducing body pain, asthma and other health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to compare the thermal efficiency of two types of solar still which use renewable energy for the production of pure water from domestic kitchen wastewater. A Novel Frustum of Square Pyramid Solar Still performance was compared with a standard single slope solar still. The experimental setup or this study included Novel Frustum of Square Pyramid Solar Still as group 1 and standard single slope solar stills as group 2. The stills used were made of GI and acrylic sheets. The active area of both the stills were kept the same. The sample size is calculated as 20 samples per group and a total of 40 samples with 80% of total G power. The results show that the still with frustum of pyramid shape had higher thermal efficiency compared to the still with single slope. The average efficiency of the still with frustum of the pyramid was 22.84% and the average efficiency of the still with single slope was 15.98%. Thus, the still with frustum of the pyramid had an 7.16% higher efficiency. The statistical analysis shows that there exists a statistically significant difference between novel frustum of square pyramid and standard single slope solar still on thermal efficiency with p value p=0.000 (p<0.05). The study concluded that the still with novel frustum of square pyramid shape was more efficient than the still with single slope. The still with frustum of the pyramid had a 7.16% higher efficiency. The higher efficiency of the still can be attributed to the increased surface area exposed to the renewable energy sunlight, which allowed for better absorption of radiation and more efficient evaporation of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comprehensive study focusing on Off-Shore Wind Turbines (OWTs) and the development of a real-time performance monitoring system designed using LabVIEW. OWTs represent a significant avenue for harvesting renewable energy, particularly in coastal regions with consistent wind patterns. The system aims to continuously assess and manage the efficiency and functionality of these turbines for maintenance, research, and improvement purposes. The document outlines the structure and operation of OWTs, emphasizing their significance as a renewable energy source and the necessity for monitoring their performance due to their complex mechanical nature. It introduces a monitoring system architecture using LabVIEW's graphical user interface (GUI), employing block diagrams and real-time data processing capabilities to oversee critical parameters such as power output, status of individual turbines, pricing structures, and abnormal conditions detection. Furthermore, it describes the system's functionalities, including power distribution to a target city, standby power supply integration, mechanisms for purchasing/selling excess power, and backup systems to ensure uninterrupted power supply. The system's adaptive nature enables automatic adjustments based on power levels, temperature effects on transmission losses, and timely alerts for maintenance and critical power supply scenarios. The paper concludes by highlighting successful system operations, including user interface interactions, power generation, distribution, and the generation of event reports for comprehensive data analysis. This study provides valuable insights into the efficient monitoring and management of OWTs, ensuring their sustained and reliable performance in generating renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of renewable energy sources with advanced power grid technologies has raised concerns over electricity quality. The use of machine learning techniques enables the assessment of power quality data analysis for the purposes of identifying and mitigating disturbances. This study presents a novel approach to power quality analysis in various power systems, using machine learning algorithms. The proposed methodology involves the processing and analysis of real-time power quality data obtained from various appliances. This data is extracted using a power data collection system equipped with sensors. Subsequently, machine learning techniques and algorithms are employed to identify and classify voltage and current harmonics, as well as transients. The system uses machine learning techniques to identify, classify, and predict power quality issues by using historical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change mitigation and sustainable development have become critical global priorities, leading to an increased emphasis on the development and adoption of green technologies. Buildings account for a significant share of global greenhouse gas emissions due to their high energy consumption for heating, cooling, lighting, and other functions. Wind energy has emerged as a promising renewable energy source for buildings to generate clean energy without producing harmful emissions. However, the efficacy and efficiency of wind turbines in reducing carbon emissions depend on several factors, including wind speed, air density, and topography. This research paper proposes an assessment of a sustainable green energy index that incorporates wind turbine technology. The study aims to investigate the available technology, challenges, and opportunities in implementing wind energy projects in buildings. The research will provide insights into the performance and feasibility of wind turbine technology in buildings, enabling policymakers, developers, and building owners to make informed decisions on the effective use of wind energy in the building sector. The paper begins by discussing the pressing need for green technologies and the challenges hindering their adoption. It then explores various types of green technologies, focusing on wind energy, and analyzes the factors that influence the efficacy and efficiency of wind turbines in generating clean energy. The paper proposes a sustainable green energy index that serves as an effective benchmark for evaluating sustainability performance and promoting the adoption of green technologies in buildings. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the study's findings and the potential role of wind energy in the transition towards a sustainable and clean energy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photovoltaic system (PVS) and a wind power system (WPS) are two attractive renewable energy systems for addressing the rising demand of energy in the world and reduction of poisonous emissions of GHG produced by fossil fuel energy generation plants that are hazardous to the environment. Kano state of Nigeria has both wind and solar energy potentials for electricity generation, but installation of the same particular size of PVS and PVS in terms of their power rating in the location, one could not Know which among the two systems could make the environment safer in terms of carbon pollution. This is what this study is all about; it is a comparative study of life cycle carbon emission from PVS and WPS in kano state of Nigeria. In the study, each system has 5kW power generation rating for the emissions estimate. The LCCE of a PVS is determined and compared with that of a WPS. The LCCE of the PVS is 8725 kg CO2 and is greater than that of the WPS (8006 kg CO2). Thus, WPS has lower LCCE in Kano by 8.24 % than using PVS with the same power rating considered in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays solar PV cells as a source of renewable energy has gained popularity due to its characteristics of being versatile, inexpensive, easy to install, among others. However, the intermittent availability of solar power itself has become a major concern over the years to meet the demand perpetually. One of the reliable solutions is to use battery storage to supply the load and charge the battery with hybrid sources, instead of solar PV cells alone. For efficient operation of the battery charging system, an Energy Management System (EMS) is proposed here. The system utilizes the advantage of predicting the solar irradiance value with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm and the Time of Use (TOU) tariff to construct the Energy Management System (EMS) with Recursive Algorithm (RA). The outcome shows that the system designed is plausible to be implemented in the market, especially in countries that have different sun hours throughout the year and TOU tariff is implemented. This project contributes to the end-users of electricity by helping them to save the cost on electricity usage and encourage them to accept TOU tariff implementation. It also promotes the growth of solar PV industry and ultimately contributes to the environmental goal seven set by the UNEP. Moreover, this project also showcases the use of ANN in predicting the outcome in the future and proves that the application of prediction models is useful in the market. Lastly, this project has also proven the versatility of the MATLAB software, where the system constructed is fully dependent on it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most demanding aspect of the modern generation is energy production from a sustainable renewable source. The huge amount of sun's irradiation plays a significant role in delivering heat energy as a renewable energy source. Photovoltaic solar panels are the devices that can capture this vast source of the limitless photon ocean. However, these devices suffer from performance efficiency issues due to overheating. Finned structures are applied on electronics, and engines for better heat dissipation and to avoid overheating. This study proposes a solar panel model integrated with pin-finned structures shaped rectangular, square, and circular. After attaching the fins at the back of the photovoltaic module steady state and transient state thermal simulation has been carried out in ANSYS Mechanical. These analyses revealed that the heat flux through the solar panel significantly decreases in the finned solar panel structures. In the case of circular pin fins 58%, square pins 26%, and rectangular pin fins 55% heat flux reduction from the base solar panel model where the highest heat flux value consists of 270 kW/m2. At the same time, the base solar PVC temperature was reduced from 132° to 67° (rectangular pin-fin), 60° (square pin-fin), and 58° (circular pin-fin). This indicates that the cooler solar panel will consume more photons and consequently more electron knockout. Consequently, both the heat transfer and electricity generation rates of the photovoltaic device will increase. This research holds significant implications for the cost-effective optimized colling method of solar panels especially in Bangladesh. It offers insights into the heat transfer of the solar panel with different fin designs. This study also reduces thermal instability and increases the electricity-generating capability of the solar panel. Furthermore, it delves into improving solar panel performance presenting a promising avenue for sustainable energy production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As cities grapple with the challenges of rapid urbanization and environmental degradation, the concept of sustainable urban development has gained increasing prominence. In response to these pressing issues, sustainable urban development emphasizes the integration of environmental, social, and economic considerations into urban planning and policymaking. By prioritizing renewable energy sources, efficient transportation systems, green spaces, and equitable access to resources, cities can mitigate their environmental footprint while enhancing the quality of life for residents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the viability of integrating green spaces into residential buildings in order to promote sustainable communities in Malé City, the capital of the Maldives. A thorough literature study is conducted in order to develop a theoretical framework that encompasses the benefits of green spaces in urban settings and their potential to improve the quality of life for people. An analysis of a selected residential complex in Male' City is conducted to evaluate the current state of the urban environment. The findings reveal that residential buildings integrated with greenspaces can significantly contribute to the development of sustainable communities in Malé City. The study highlights the multifaceted benefits of green spaces, encompassing positive impacts on the environment, society, and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advancements in energy production have introduced renewable options that more effectively consider environmental impact. Despite this, conventional methods remain more widely used due to their high efficiency and reliability. Among renewable energy sources, solar energy is predominant due to its abundance, ease of implementation, and comparatively lower cost. However, solar energy technologies face limitations, including the efficiency rate of solar panels and the angle of incident rays. To enhance energy production, solar panels can be designed to track the sun's movement and avoid shaded areas. This study investigates the fabrication of a dual-axis photovoltaic solar panel system and evaluates its efficiency compared to traditional static panels. The results indicate that the solar tracking system is more efficient than static solar panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the potential of tidal currents as a renewable energy source in the Maldives, leveraging the country's abundant surrounding waters. Various types of renewable energy can be harvested, and given that the Maldives is surrounded by water, tidal currents present a promising source. Considering the Maldivian environment, both horizontal axis and vertical axis water turbines could be suitable, with potential installations in offshore areas or channels. In this study rotor blade, which is the most critical component in energy extraction, is analyzed through three distinct airfoil designs. Testing results of three airfoil design reveal that three-blade airfoil configurations demonstrate superior efficiency, with the twist angle playing a significant role in performance optimization. This indicates that airfoil type and variations can greatly affect the efficiency of such devices. Airfoil design variations suitable for the Maldivian environment could be identified by assessing similar research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microgrid (MG), which combines renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, and loads, has lately gained attention as a sustainable energy alternative for mitigating climate change. MG may operate in grid-connected or islanded modes based on upstream grid circumstances. The energy management and control of the MG are important to increase the power quality of the MG. This study provides a MG system consisting of a 60 kWp Si-mono photovoltaic (PV) system made of 160 modules, and a Li-ion battery energy storage system (BESS). Moreover, each unit was linked to the DC bus throughout the DC/DC converters and DC/AC central inverter. The suggested system control relied on harnessing renewable energy to provide loads effectively and monitor battery charge. Simulation findings using MATLAB Simulink show the performance of the suggested microgrid stability solutions. The PV system was controlled by maximum power point tracking-based fuzzy logic (FL-P&O). In addition, the BESS with its battery management system (BMS) using the PI controller was used to stabilize the bus voltage within reference value at variations of irradiance. The MG was connected to the DC side by a voltage source converter (VSC) which is controlled by the hysteresis current control technique. Finally, the DC bus voltage was kept constant at 700 V to preserve the microgrid's balance under different environmental conditions with a minimum value of THD 3.7% in the injection current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Planning for a sustainable city is a delicate process that for example considers the reliability of the energy network, which is always a problem for system designers and planners. Every energy source has advantages and disadvantages. On a specific site, an energy source is considered reliable if it can produce a consistent electrical output and is available and sustainable to meet expected demand peaks. The capacity of a scheme to execute its intended function for a specified period under specified environmental conditions is referred to as reliability. To react evocatively to issues that disturb system trustworthiness, indicators have been created. Dependability is necessitated by the growing complication of systems, cost effectiveness, substitute design evaluations, cost/benefit analysis, the necessity to investigate the effects of conservation and operation processes. Energy storage can as well help content peak power request, for instance during summertime times when AC units are demanding or at night-time while houses turn on illuminations and devices. Electrical energy becomes extra costly for the period of peak hours because energy producers must boost output to meet higher energy use. Energy storage improves grid flexibility by allowing distributors to acquire power through off-peak hours while power is inexpensive to sell it through the system when demand is higher. As climate change-exacerbated extreme meteorological conditions continues to harm infrastructure, administration executives more and more are becoming conscious of the essential network flexibility. Energy storing backs the grid flexibility by stand-in as a standby energy source if needed or when power production is interrupted. The research used the descriptive analytical method, which conclude that the different technologies for storing renewable energy produced from solar or wind sources are of great importance to the success of renewable energy projects in the study area, but they are not as efficient or feasible as possible. The most important One of them is the production of green hydrogen technology in which the hydrogen can be transported as compressed gas or liquefied after cooling giving the advantage of easy mobility. There is high potential for renewable energy storage technology in Samawah city, southern Iraq, and it has the requirements that encounter what is required to establish a sustainable energy projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world seeks to reduce emissions generated by the use of fossil fuels, solar energy is the most significant clean and sustainable energy source. The photovoltaic cell is one of the most widely used technologies for converting solar light into electrical energy. One of the challenges that affect this cell's performance and reduce its efficiency is its high surface temperature. The goal of this study is to see how polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) affects the surface temperature of the polycrystalline solar cell. The sol-gel process is used to prepare a PMMA coating for application on the top side of the solar cell. An ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer is supplied to examine the optical characteristics of PMMA polymer concentrations, and a solar cell module analyzer device is used for the electrical properties of the solar cells after applying the PMMA polymer coating layer. According to the findings, increasing the PMMA concentration improves UV absorption. The PMMA films absorb the ultraviolet rays at a wavelength of (200–400) nm, according to the UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Finally, 3.125 wt% was the best concentration of PMMA for absorbing UV rays to the greatest extent possible (3.7 AU), the maximum reduction in temperature was (5.1 C), and the efficiency was increased by almost (+2.63%) at VOC = 0.443 V, ISC= 0.282 A, and the power output (Pmax) was 105.60 kW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PLTB The purpose of this study was to assist Indonesia's efforts to use renewable energy sources. This study aims to evaluate the viability and possibility of funding the construction of solar power plants in Cimanuk Cisanggarung, Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidurian, and Seputih-Skampung. Surveys and documentation were the study's techniques. Three locations along the river were used to collect survey data. On the other hand, the documentation data originated from the development blueprint of the PT Perum Jasa Tirta II area. Next, Homer software processes the solar power plant simulation data. With 167,067 kWh produced in Cimanuk-Cisanggarung, 64,257 kWh in Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidurian, and 224,898 kWh in Seputih - Sekampung, the capacity is the highest in the Seputih - Sekampung region. Cimanuk-Cisanggarung energy sales are estimated to be Rp. 173,044,554 annually, Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidurian at Rp. 66,555,598 annually, and Seputih-Sekampung at Rp. 232,944,591 annually. The development plan involves an investment of Rp 2,222,937,099 in the Cimanuk-Cisanggarung area, Rp 2,351,427,150 in Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidurian, and Rp 5,063,535,714 in Seputih – Sekampung. The payback periods for each project are 13, 35, and 22 years. The BCR values are 1.24, 1.20, and 1.02, and the NPV values are 0.89, 0.99, and 1.01 or > 0, with an IRR of 0. It indicates that only the Cimanuk-Cisanggarung region satisfies the criteria among these three regions. The investment requirements in terms of time. CO2 reduction from the Cimanuk-Cisanggarung area by 13.7 tons of CO2, Cidanau-Ciujung-Cidurian 5.3 CO2, and Seputih - Sekampung 18.4 CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PLTB is a renewable energy source because it runs on the power of the wind. Wind turbines make electricity stored in batteries and sent to Tidung Island. The PLTB uses a system that is not connected to the power grid. Batteries store the energy. The Homer program was used to do simulations. A simulation determines if a PLTB could be built on Tidung Island. With PLTB and off-grid batteries, it is expected that 68,411 kWh of electricity will be made each year. Based on the results, PLTB gives Tidung Island all the electricity it needs every year. That is more than the average of 43,800 kWh the island uses yearly. The excess amount of electricity is 14,078 kWh per year. The total NPC for PLTB and off-grid batteries was Rp.33,393,126,000, 44.05% less than the total NPC for PLTB and PLTD off-grid. The total cost of running and maintaining PLTB and off-grid batteries is Rp.858,947,419.44. It is 8.65% less than the total cost of running and maintaining PLTB and PLTD off-grid batteries, which is Rp.933,210,145.96. Also, the average cost of electricity per kWh (LCOE) from PLTB and off-grid batteries is Rp.4,073.89/kWh, which is 44.05% less than the average cost of electricity per kWh (LCOE) from PLTB and PLTD off-grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the number of populations worldwide, including Indonesia, increases annually, the need for electrical energy also increases. With fossil-based energy starting to decrease in some places, and the global need to achieve net zero-emission, renewable energy is gaining popularity as the source of electrical power generation, for example, wind energy. Electrical power generated from wind turbines is one of the popular choices in many countries; among them is the Sidrap wind turbine plant in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Electrical power generated by a wind turbine relies on the wind speed, which varies from time to time and season to season. Therefore, building wind turbines plant should not be based on a deterministic wind speed but should bring the wind speed uncertainty into account. Taking the Sidrap wind turbine plant in Sulawesi, Indonesia, as the case study, this work aims to predict the plant's average power and uncertainty. This calculation is done by implementing the Monte-Carlo simulation to calculate the production uncertainty. The data used for simulation is public data set between 2004 and 2015, obtained from the EMD International website. The simulation result is then compared to the actual production in 2018 and 2019 for analysis. The result indicates that the product is still in the range estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation. This method can also estimate other electrical power potential and uncertainty in an area before a wind turbine plant is built, given enough data sets containing wind speed variation for years. It is expected that by correctly understanding the uncertainty in electrical power production, the decision-making process to build the plant can be accurately determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy progress has picked up its significance in afterward days due to amplification in requirement for power as well as ecological variables. It's a great option to coordinate renewable energy to the utility power network instead of traditional resources to generate power because it does not cause any ecological contamination. The non-conventional energy sources like sun and wind has been broadly utilized and these innovations nearly come to its immersion level in terms of improvement. Additionally, they hang on with time and season. Contrarily, we can select wave energy, one of the inexhaustible source of energy, can be utilized to meet the continuous increase in everyday power requirement. Different advancements have been created within the later past to obtain power from the ocean waves. With the developments attained in these advanced technologies, analysis is done based on the amount of power generated by these two types of wave energy converters. The comparison of the output power generated by Archimedes Wave Swing and Wells turbine is presented in this paper in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, Renewable energy has been playing vital role due to its non-polluting nature, and environmental friendly. Especially, Wind Energy System has been providing gigantic power production in and around the world. In this proposed work, Matrix converter is used in between the synchronous generator and power grid. With no additional components, this converter aids in controlling the output voltage for varied wind speed. Additionally, in order to run the turbine at its full potential, this converter controls the generator's terminal voltage and frequency. The simulation results have verified the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A renewable energy resource inter combined with electric vehicle has been more popular due to its attractive specifications along with in it (i.e.) enegy flow beween storage device to load and after that power flow between load to storage devices. The surpless power generation from solar panel incorporated with battery and supercapacitor gained more attention with continuous power flow under standstill condition. Ahead continuous conduction, the enriched one cycle contro lworks under discontinuousmode and shotern the integrator reset time in comparison with discharging time of an inductor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal are considered sustainable and environmentally sound alternatives to fossil fuels. The aim of the study is to present a numerical simulation of water turbine for utilization of wave energy. Physical and mathematical is shown, also some numerical results with k − ε model are presented and discuss. It is given some result at different flow velocity 1m/s and 2m/s, different angle of the blades-50 and 60 0 and two ways of movement of water-top to down and bottom to up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on robust and efficient control for a two-stage PV Solar water pumping system (PVWPS) Renewable energy(solar) is among the most affordable forms of renewable energy sources to meet the world's growing energy needs, due to its lower investment and running costs. Agriculture is one of the most important sector in our economy because it supports a large portion of the people. PV solar powered water pumping systems have recently gained popularity over traditional diesel engine-based pumped systems due to features such as fuel-free operation, lower operating costs, and environmental friendliness. Because to the lack of grid electricity in rural locations, this application is more useful. Since it is a two-stage system, the first stage includes an MPPT control mechanism that limits the duty ratio of the DC-DC Boost Converter to extract as much power as available from solar PV panels. The incremental conductance approach is used in this system because it generates a good amount of power under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. For controlling the switching pulses of Voltage Source Inverter(VSI) in the second stage, a controller is used. Because of this, a sliding mode controller is employed in this paper. The MATLAB-Simulink setting has been used to implement both the system under consideration and the control schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integrated Cuk-SEPIC converter for a PV system is presented in this paper. It is built by combining the converter components from Cuk and SEPIC converters. The suggested converter for the PV system is constructed which benefits from a simple construction and fewer converter components as a result. For Energy Management System, a bidirectional SEPIC-CUK converter is created, and CNN is used to examine the State Of Charge. The efficacy of the suggested converter is confirmed by using outcomes of the experiment, and its use is based on the accessibility of renewable energy sources. With MATLAB / Simulink, the proposed methodology is thoroughly validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy storage and interfacing the energy storage device to the grid have become increasingly essential with the rise in demand for the production of electricity from renewable energy sources. Continuous supply of energy to the grid obtained by using Photovoltaic (PV) systems. The output from the PV system is intermittent so that a DC-DC converter is used to step up/step down the output. In this paper, a Boost integrated flyback rectifier energy storage DC-DC (BIFRED) converter that can supply both AC and DC loads from a solar-powered PV to the nano grid. The output from the PV module is fed to the cascaded FLC (Fuzzy Logic Controller) using MPPT algorithm which generates the gating pulses and delivers them to the inverter. Inverter fed PV grid topologies are used to meet energy needs and link green energies into power grids. One of the additional benefits delivered by PV is reactive power. In order to compensate for reactive power in localized networks, reactive power from the inverter should be fed into the grid. Results for varied irradiance and temperature circumstances are obtained using a simulation model for solar panels and MPPT based fuzzy logic controller. Making use of batteries is ideal for conventional sources of energy such as solar, wind, etc. For charging and discharging of the batteries, a bidirectional DC-DC converter battery is used. Moreover, 1ϕ VSI is linked to the grid and developed by using FLC. The MATLAB simulation model verify the usefulness of the proposed control technique. The results of the simulated responses having the efficiency of 95.8% and 1:12 of voltage gain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increase in energy supply is required to meet the world's rising energy consumption. Finding alternative energy sources, such as renewable energy, is encouraged because burning fossil fuels creates harmful chemicals and polluting atmosphere and water resources. The objective of this study is to build a closed loop DC/DC Buck-Boost converter for an EV charging application. In this research, the design of a buck-boost converter with a fuzzy logic controller incorporates the use of single phase grid supply. The fuzzy based controller receives the output voltage and its change in error as input, and the duty signal is generated in accordance with the rule-based feed to the fuzzy data base. The DC-DC converter is operated in boost mode if the input voltage is less than 70 V and in buck mode if the input voltage is higher than 70 V. For the buck-boost converter's selected electric vehicle battery charging application, a battery with a 60V, 50AH capacity is used for simulation. MATLAB Simulink and Pspice were used to perform simulation and the hardware for DC-DC converters is being designed and tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residential load sector ensures power system stability and effective energy management. Despite efforts to integrate renewable energy sources and develop information and communication technology, the residential sector's flexibility, energy management, and scheduling challenges persist, impeding the power grid's stability and efficiency. Demand Side Management (DSM) has emerged as a crucial solution to address these challenges. This paper proposes a DSM model that employs Binary Particle Swarm Optimization to perform residential load scheduling while considering a time-of-use pricing scheme. Simulation results demonstrate a significant reduction in energy costs, validating the proposed model's effectiveness in enhancing the power grid's stability and efficiency. By adopting this approach, residential consumers can efficiently manage their energy consumption, reducing overall energy costs while contributing to the power grid's stability and efficiency. The proposed DSM model represents a significant step towards achieving a sustainable and cost-effective energy future, offering a compelling argument for its adoption in residential settings. This paper contributes to the field of energy management by providing a technically rigorous and persuasive analysis of the benefits of DSM in residential load scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we know the energy required by humans is vast, to fulfill the need for energy we use conventional sources such as natural gas, oil, coal, etc. Thermal power generation should perform an essential role in the contribution of energy, the non-renewable sources are limited, so we choose the alternative to produce energy that is solar energy.[1,2] Wind energy was the best example of a pollution-free recourse to produce a source of energy. Along the all these types of renewable energy sources to produce power, electricity production by wind is affordable [4]. It has the potential to fulfill the power demand needs, so we decided to study the different types of wind generators and the highest efficiency of power output with the help of the simulation software MATLAB. We have modelled the DFIG based system with different situations and compared the results by analysis of different controllers [25,27]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST) systems have become an attractive option for generating electricity due to theirhigh efficiency and cost-effectiveness. In this study, a comparison of the performance between an experimental CST system and a simulated system was conducted using IIT Bombay Solar Thermal Simulator (IITB STS) software. The experimental system is located in Nagpur, India. The simulated system is modeled based on the same specifications as the experimental system. Data was collected from the experimental system for a period of 20 days in the month of February 2023, which included solar irradiation, inlet and outlet temperatures, and mass flow rate of the working fluid. Using IITB STS, simulationfor the performance of the same system under similar operating conditions was carried out. The simulation results were evaluated against experimental data and were found to be in good agreement. Results show that the simulated system using IITB STS software is an accurate and reliable tool for predicting the performance of CST systems. For most of the performancecharacteristics, the simulated results demonstrated a good correlation with the experimental data, with a variance of roughly 5%. Observation of the simulated system was able to predict the performance of the experimental system under different operating conditions. Overall, this study demonstrates that the use of IITB STS software can significantly reduce the time andcost required for designing and optimizing CST systems. This software can be used to predict the performance of CST systemsunder various operating conditions, making it an essential tool for researchers, engineers, and policymakers in the field of renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of this method is to replace conventional power generation based on fossil fuels with green energy sources, hence reducing greenhouse gases and environmental hazards connected with transportation. The goal is to optimize the performance of renewable energy sources such as wind turbines (WT), solar energy (PV) panels, and battery systems in order to guarantee a consistent and dependable supply of power to the electric vehicle (EV) charging station. The optimization process involves fine-tuning the operation of each component within the renewable energy system to maximize their efficiency and output. This includes maximizing the power generation of the WT and PV panels by implementing advanced control algorithms and strategies, such as maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Furthermore, the lithium-ion battery system is critical in storing additional energy during peak generating periods and delivering it to the charging station for electric vehicles during demand spikes, ensuring an uninterrupted supply of electricity. Moreover, ongoing research efforts in this field continue to explore and develop various renewable energy solutions aimed at further enhancing the performance and efficiency of EV charging stations. These efforts include advancements in renewable energy technologies, energy storage systems, and control strategies. By continually refining and improving these solutions, the goal is to optimize the overall performance of the DC microgrid-powered EV charging stations, ensuring reliable and sustainable power supply while minimizing environmental impact. This research presents an original energy management and control strategy that focuses on efficiently managing the power supply to EV charging stations within a DC microgrid. By leveraging renewable energy sources and employing advanced control algorithms, the aim is to optimize the performance and reliability of the system while reducing carbon emissions. Ongoing research in this field aims to further enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of EV charging stations through advancements in renewable energy technologies and energy management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid-state transformers in the renewable energy domain allow DC power to be transmitted without using power converters,which reduces voltage fluctuations The new concept of using renewable energy sources to give power to the grid through solid-state transformers which reduces t h e size of the transformer compared the to the conventional transformer for the distribution Grid. The objective is to make an SST model to help evaluate the impact of replacing conventional transformers with SST on grid performance. MATLAB Test model of SST was simulated for various carrier frequencies and a constant output is received. The simulation was performed assuming a voltage dependent load and taking into account the fact that the current through one of the HV/MV sub-transformers are bi-directional. Simulation output shows accrued advantages on voltage can be expected at both medium and low voltage levels, and shows a new approach for SST design from non-conventional energy sources. A simulation of a single stage SST topology are simulated in MATLAB and the results are discussed in the paper, which are useful for Industrial experts and the R&D domain for its implementation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the advantages of battery and supercapacitor devices over alternative storage technologies in terms of power and density, energy density, lifespan, charging and discharging cycles, and a broad working temperature range. The suggested Hybrid Energy Storage System by battery and supercapacitor offers benefits over conventional battery energy storage systems (BESS) in that it can store excess energy and utilize it again when necessary. This study examines several energy storage technologies that may be used in conjunction with renewable energy sources including solar and wind energy as well as distant or backup energy storage technologies in the event that the electrical grid goes down. Supercapacitors will be used in parallel with the battery and load pulsed in this system to increase efficiency. The Modelling of Battery and Super Capacitor Based Hybrid Energy Storage Systems Using MATLAB/Simulink Software is presented in this study in addition to the previously mentioned information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]