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In order to solve the dependence of convolutional neural networks (CNN) on large samples of training data, an intelligent fault diagnosis method based on spectral kurtosis (SK) and attention mechanism is proposed. Firstly, the SK algorithm is used to obtain two-dimensional fast kurtosis graphs from vibration signals, and the two-dimensional fast spectral kurtosis graphs are converted into one-dimensional kurtosis time-domain samples, which are used as the input of CNN. Then the channel attention module (CAM) is added to CNN, and the weight is increased in the channel domain to eliminate the interference of invalid features. The accuracy of fault identification can reach 99.8 % by applying the proposed method on the fault diagnosis experiment of rolling bearings. Compared with the traditional deep learning (DL) method, the proposed method not only has higher accuracy, but also has lower dependence on the number of samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]