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Copyright of Ataturk Arastirma Merkezi Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Arastirma Merkezi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Motif Academy Journal of Folklore is the property of Motif Yayincilik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Community & Physician / Toplum ve Hekim is the property of Turk Tabipleri Birligi / Turkish Medical Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the period of Republic of China, there were various types of natural disasters in Anhui, mainly caused by flood and drought disasters, which attracted reflection and attention from the government and the public with the wide range of affected areas and significant destructive effects. The idea of forest and water conservancy disaster prevention began to prevail, and afforestation and water conservancy became important contents of Anhui Province’s construction during this period. During the Republican period, Anhui Province promulgated a series of forest protection laws and regulations, and carried out a reforestation campaign, and the afforestation industry in Anhui began to develop. After the flood in 1931, the water conservancy construction in Anhui Province began to change to prevent drought and flood disasters, and the economic center also focused on water conservancy construction. The province formulated a four-phase water conservancy project construction plan and carried out large-scale water conservancy project construction with obvious results, which played its due guarantee role. Throughout the disaster prevention plans during the Republican period, although some plans were not fully implemented, the implementation of disaster prevention ideas and plans had certain effects on the management of floods and droughts at that time, and also had important value and significance for today’s disaster prevention and reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Aksaray University Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Aksaray Üniversitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Aksaray University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Faculty of Theology / Kilis 7 Aralik Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Dergisi is the property of Kilis 7 Aralik Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kentsel açık yeşil alanlar özellikle Geç Osmanlı ve Erken Cumhuriyet yıllarından itibaren, kent planlamalarında medeniyetin ve çağdaşlaşmanın bir göstergesi olmuştur. Bu bağlamda kentlerde ilk yaygınlaşmaya başlayan en önemli açık yeşil alanlar olarak parklar göze çarpmaktadır. Erken Cumhuriyet dönemi sonrası; yanlış göç politikaları, hızlı kentleşme ve nüfus yoğunluğunun giderek artmasıyla bu politikaların git gide zayıfladığı görülmüştür. Son yıllarda insanların yaşadıkları kentlerden en büyük beklentisi bir planlama unsuru olarak, yoğun yapılaşmadan uzak, doğa ile iç içe olabilme imkanı sağlayan kentsel açık yeşil alanların varlığıdır. Cumhuriyet’in ilanı ile büyük kentlerde artmaya başlayan betonarme yapılar arasında modern çağın bir ihtiyacı olarak parklar, önce İstanbul ve Ankara gibi şehirlerde tesis edilmeye başlandı. Daha sonra Anadolu’nun diğer kentlerinde yaygınlaşmaya başladı. Bu kentler arasında bulunan Van kenti de Cumhuriyet’in ilanıyla açık yeşil alan olarak parkların kullanımı ve hizmeti konusunda ilerleme göstermiştir. Kent içinde halkın kullanım ihtiyacına ve kentteki planlama durumlarına göre Erken Cumhuriyet dönemi ile başlayan park yapımı günümüze kadar devam etmiştir. Bu doğrultuda geçmişten günümüze Van kentindeki açık yeşil alanlar ve parkların tarihi araştırılmış ve ilk kurulan parklar incelenerek günümüzdeki durumları hakkında çıkarımlar yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Erken Cumhuriyet döneminden başlayarak inşa edilen parkların dönemin mimari ve ideolojik ortamından etkilendiği kendine has özelliklerinin olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After the 1950s, one of the fastest growing sectors has been the tourism sector. Except for exceptional periods of extraordinary developments, the number of tourists participating in tourism movements has increased every year, and in parallel with this, the expenditures made by tourists while performing these tourism movements have also increased significantly. It has become very important for the economies of countries to get the desired share from tourism revenues, which have increased significantly on a global scale. In the tourism sector, which increases its importance and weight day by day in the economies of countries, especially in underdeveloped and developing countries, competition has also increased rapidly. In order to stand out in this competition, ensuring customer satisfaction and service quality are recognized as the most important factors. The tourism sector, which is a labor-intensive sector, is among the sectors where face-to-face interaction with customers is at the highest level. Due to these characteristics, it is extremely important that the qualifications of employees in the tourism sector are at the desired level in terms of customer satisfaction and service quality. In order to train employees with the desired qualifications in the tourism sector, tourism education policies and practices implemented by countries are important. In Türkiye, where a tourism education system could not be established until the planned period, this goal was achieved with the studies carried out during the planned periods. Initially, tourism education in Turkey started with non-formal education activities and then spread to all levels of formal education, including formal education at the secondary level, associate, undergraduate and graduate levels. In this study, the history, structural status, non-formal and formal tourism education activities in Türkiye, mainly in the planned periods, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societies need to have roots in order to reveal their existence, to live and to lead a life with their own way. In other saying, every society needs to attach itself to a history, geography and ancestor. As a result of this attachment beliefs, myths and especially language that hold society together emerge. Bards are one of the culture keepers who process and put in the place these cornerstones. Since the main materials they use are the language, beliefs and mythologies of the society, bards should be accepted as community builders. Societies, which are living organisms, can change geography from time to time as a result of economic, political, military, natural disasters and try to survive again. In the rewritten history and in the changing geography, the bards are again in action in order to keep the society alive and to continue its existence. Bards have a great share in the fact that nations like Turks, whose historical and geographical depths span a very large time and area, still stand firm despite many wars and natural disasters with high destructive power. Bards not only transfer the past of societies to the future, but also develop the memory of social history and nation by placing the present in history. Âşık Veysel is one of the bards who have recently improved the memory of the society and made a mark on history. Veysel fulfilled his duty to develop the historical repository, which is one of his duties towards the society, by dealing with some of the political events, revolutions, institutions and the natural disasters, diseases, epidemics in his poems. In this study, it is aimed to examine the events that Âşık Veysel witnessed and his point of view towards these events in his poems. Assuming that his poems are also oral history texts, it is aimed to make an evaluation about recent history from the perspective of Âşık Veysel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Four glandes inscriptae from the Iberian Peninsula are presented in this paper. For two of them a connection to the Republican governors C. Flaminius and L. Mummius is proposed, and therefore a date in the 2nd century BC. A third slingshot bullet was most likely cast at the beginning of the governorship of the proconsul C. Valerius Flaccus, c. 92/91 BC. On the fourth specimen two names are inscribed, Afranius and Messalla, presumably two military leaders; it is carefully suggested that they could have been active during the Sertorian War. The communis opinio regarding the use of glandes inscriptae on the Iberian Peninsula must be modified: rather than being a phenomenon of the 1st century BC, peculiar to the Sertorian War (82‑72 BC) and the confrontation between Caesar and the Pompeian faction (48‑45 BC), they can now be traced back as far as the early 2nd century BC.

Erzurum is one of the cities that was planned to be modernised with urban development plan in the Republican era. The plan, made in 1939 by J.H.Lambert, has not been analysed in detail and its spatial structure has not been sufficiently understood until today. This study mainly questions to what extent Erzurum's first plan has influenced the current texture of the city. The decisions of the plan were analysed with the plan document and the explanation report, then, the current spatial structure of the city was matched with the plan decisions. Document analysis, content analysis and observation methods were used for data collection. The findings show that the main elements shaping Erzurum's current city centre are inherited from this plan. These are Cumhuriyet Street, the station area, the commercial centres of Gürcükapı, Mahallebaşı, Gölbaşı and Taş Mağazalar, the ring system, axis roads, peripheral transit roads and the administrative district. However, the aspects of the plan that could not be implemented (the central park, the green system surrounding the city, neighbourhood gardens and cultural centres, artisans' workshops, industrial area, children's playgrounds and sports areas, and different residential areas) show that the desired environment and modernisation could not be created for Erzurum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Communication Theory & Research / Iletisim Kuram ve Arastirma Dergisi is the property of Gazi University, Faculty of Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerion: Revista de Historia Antigua is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of National Education / Millî Eğitim Dergisi is the property of Milli Egitim Bakanligi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tasarim+Kuram is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Religious Studies / Dini Araştırmalar is the property of Diyanet Isleri Baskanligi Yayinlari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakültesi Dergisi DTCF Dergisi is the property of Ankara Universitesi Dil ve Tarih-Cografya Fakultesi (DTCF Dergisi) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of International Social Research is the property of Journal of International Social Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intersecciones en Antropología is the property of Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article studies some central developments in the propagation and teaching of mathematical logic in 1930s China. Focusing on the emergence of a twofold disciplinary approach to mathematical logic, namely as a discipline studied and disseminated by Chinese philosophers on the one hand and mathematicians on the other, this paper explores one of the key turning points in the development of the academic notion of mathematical logic in China. Apart from casting some light on the teaching of mathematical logic in the framework of both philosophical as well as mathematical spheres of inquiry, this article also provides some preliminary insights into the circumstances surrounding the first systematic introduction of mathematical logic into the modern standardized system of education, which gradually took shape over the late-1920s and early 1930s in China.

Discussions around Mu‘awiya emerged on a political basis in the first period of the Abbasids. The discussion ground, which could be interpreted as the support of the Umayyad and Abbasid at the beginning, has become the main subject of religious conflict between Ahl al-hadith and Shiite groups in the process. This discussion, which has expanded in places around the phenomenon of companions (sahaba), has continued for centuries and has been reflected in many works of different types. The discussions around Mu‘awiya, which continued until recent times with occasional weakening, became one of the important issues of various publications in Turkey in the 1940s. It is possible to see these discussions, which are carried on through sermon pulpit, newspapers, magazines, epistles, and books with harsh criticism and heavy accusations, as a continuation of the content in classical sources. These discussions, which continued for a long time with the participation of a large audience, although they were generally held around the phenomenon of Mu‘awiya and the companions, undoubtedly include other issues as well. This study aims to mirror the understanding of religion, politics, and history of the period through the Turkish press of the 1940s and after, in which the discussions around Mu‘awiya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Cumhuriyet Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi (CTAD) is the property of Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The military punishment of decimatio , the cudgelling by lot of one in ten men in a disgraced unit, often described as a cornerstone of Roman military discipline, was never practised during the third and second centuries BC. The punishment was possibly used as an extraordinary measure a couple of times in the fifth and fourth centuries BC. It soon fell into total desuetude but was cultivated as a rhetorical construct that proclaimed theoretical powers commanders no longer dared effect. It was only revived, or rather reinvented, during the Late Republic, a violent moment that saw the confluence of antiquarian enthusiasm with military dynasts whose unrestrained powers allowed them to manifest what had previously been an aristocratic talking point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Language & Literature is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Çalışmada Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında ulus-devlet bilincinden hareketle ilk mekteplerde toplumsal değerler ve ahlak eğitimi konusunda öğrencileri bilgilendirmek amacıyla hazırlanan “Cumhuriyet Çocuklarına Malûmât-ı Vataniye” adlı eser incelenmiştir. İlk mekteplerde okutulmak üzere hazırlanan bu eser Malûmât-ı Medeniye derslerine yardımcı bir ders kitabı olarak toplumsal değerler ve ahlak eğitimi konularında bilgi vermektedir. Cumhuriyet Çocuklarına Malûmât-ı Vataniye’de yer alan metinlerden hareketle Cumhuriyet’in ilk yıllarında ilköğretimde iyi yurttaş yetiştirilebilmek için verilmesi amaçlanan değerler, ahlak eğitimin boyutlarıyla analiz edilmiştir. Cumhuriyet Çocuklarına Malûmât-ı Vataniye adlı çalışmanın incelenmesinde doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. Örneklem alınmamış, eserin tamamı içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. “Bireysel Gelişim” ve “Toplumsal Uyum” kategorileri ve alt temalarından hareketle incelenen eserde frekans ve yüzde değerlerinin hesaplanması sonucunda “toplumsal uyum” kategorisine eserde daha fazla yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bireysel gelişim kategorisi %19 ve toplumsal uyum kategorisi de %81 oranlarında yer kaplamaktadır. Eserde bazı bölümlerden sonra “Hülasa: Öğrenilecek Noktalar ve Sualler” başlıklarına yer verilirken, bazılarından sonra da “Güzel Sözler” başlığıyla atasözü ve deyimlere yer verildiği görülmektedir. Öte yandan, kitapta nasihat ya da öğüt vermenin öğrenim yaklaşımı olarak kullanıldığı da anlaşılmaktadır.

With the proclamation of the Republic in 1923, Turkey began to experience modernization. Sivas as an Anatolian city has its own regional modernization practice in parallel with the nation-state modernization. Between the period of 1930-1950, Sivas was developed by factories and after the 1950s, public buildings with campuses were added to the modern city. As a consequence, city morphology expanded to the south and west and the traditional-modern dilemma became evident in the urban area.

This study includes the comparison of the spatial and functional configurations of the two residential buildings constructed in the Republican Period within the traditional residential fabric of Tarsus with the traditional residential buildings in the same place. The plan schemes of the two buildings built in the 1950s in the historical residential area of Tarsus have similarities with the traditional residential buildings. In this context, the two sample structures examined within this study provide an opportunity to evaluate the change and development of spatial and functional organization of residential buildings in Tarsus. In the first part of the study, housing approaches before and after Republic in Turkey is presented; in the second part, two sample buildings are explained. The similarities and differences from the points of spatial and functional organization, and, structure and material usage between the two sample buildings and the Ottoman Period traditional residential buildings are also presented in the second part. In the last part, the sample buildings are evaluated within the context of housing development history and local architecture in Tarsus. These buildings are considered as examples of the evolution of housing structures from traditional residential buildings designed in accordance with the socio-cultural structure of the Ottoman Period, to the apartment buildings developed in parallel with the changed architectural approaches and life style of the Republican Era.

Yüksek Öğretmen Okulu in the Republican Period is the oldest teacher training institution in our history of education with the name of "Darülmuallimin-i Âliye, Yüksek Muallim Mektebi, Yüksek Öğretmen Okulu". Its history goes back to Darülmuallimin-i Rüşdî, which was founded on March 16, 1848. This institution, which is the basis of the Yüksek Öğretmen Okulu, was opened to train teachers for secondary schools, but it was developed over time and turned into an institution called "Darülmuallimin-i Âliye", which includes departments that train teachers for primary, secondary and high schools. In 1891, the institution, which took this form, became a high school that trained teachers for the high school level schools today with the Science and Literature departments. The school was transformed into a Yüksek Muallim Mektebi in 1924. This institution, which was named as Yüksek Öğretmen Okulu in 1934, is an exemplary model in the history of education, and is handled with its place in training Turkish / Literature teachers in 1923-1950. School; It is aimed to reveal the contribution of the school to the training of Turkish / Literature teachers by evaluating various variables such as historical development, structure, program, teaching staff, student registration and admission rules, course passing and graduation. The data of the study, which was structured in accordance with the qualitative research method, was obtained by document analysis. As a result of the examination, the most basic features of this institution, which was opened in the Ottoman period and played a major role in the perception of teaching as a profession, are that field courses are given at the university, pedagogical formation training and general culture courses at the school, taking into consideration the quality in student selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The itinerant notary system was an important measure taken by the Nationalist government in Nanjing to enhance its control of grassroots society in rural China. There was no intent to challenge the central government's wishes of "enlarging government revenues for the benefit of the state treasury" and safeguarding the integrity of the central government's jurisdiction, which made smooth implementation of the itinerant notary system possible. It was against this background that the court of Linxia, Gansu province, expanded its reach to local business centers, selected superintendents of public notaries from among local gentry elites, and offered awards for notary services. The itinerant notary system thus combined a "modern" legal institution transplanted from the West with endogenous resources, and turned out to be an experiment conducive to overcoming the either/or binary of Western vs. Chinese, exploring a pluralistic and less disruptive path of institutional development. 摘要: 巡回公证制度作为南京国民政府推行公证下乡的重要举措，控制基层社会的意图明显。无意挑战中央司法权的完整以及"充裕法收、以利国库"的目标追求，成为巡回公证制度顺利推行的重要原因。临夏地方法院利用基层市镇进行合理性的时空设计，将行政治所的控制范围延伸至商业中心；聘请基层士绅为公证劝导员，为地方法院节省了人力和物力；设立公证提奖，则实现了个人与国家的利益统一。巡回公证制度作为移植西方"现代性"法律制度与保留传统"乡土性""本土资源"的一次有益尝试，打破了二元对立结构的传统认识，走向了彼此迁就与对抗、延续与剧变的多元化发展道路。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Marmara University Social Sciences Institute / Öneri is the property of Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Değirmen, which was published between October 1942 and April 1944 as twelve issues, is published by Cavit Orhan Öz, Halit Tanyeli and M. Naci Baysal with the subtitle of "Monthly Idea, Art and Moral Magazine". Although mostly opinion articles are dominant in the magazine, the contributions of the names such as Behçet Necatigil, Sabahattin Kudret Aksal, Nahit Ulvi Akgün, Salah Birsel, Kaya Bilgegil, Tahir Alangu and Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı have made the Değirmen literally a remarkable position in our magazine history. In the same years, we also see the names of magazines such as Millet, Yeni Adam, Çınaraltı, Ülkü, İnsan, Yücel, Türk Amacı, Gökbörü. Although its line in the forties was Turkist-Anatolian, it is seen that the Değirmen entered the nationalism race with other magazines. In this study, firstly, the layout features of the Değirmen are mentioned, then the purpose of the magazine and its writers are mentioned. The content of the journal is discussed in detail under the subtitles of "Story and Poetry", "On Literature", "Philosophy, History and Intellectual Writings", "Fine Arts and Other Articles and "Polemics". The article aims to determine the place of the journal in its period and its relationship with other journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Memorias is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Religion in twentieth-century China was reorganized according to new, modern, and scientific paradigms; in this novel definition, which excluded many communal experiences deemed superstitious, religion came to be identified more with personal practice and individual beliefs, understood as self-strengthening and self-improvement, and was to be one of the responses against Western Imperialism and Japanese occupation. Women had always been seen as closely involved with religious practices, but at this time they were identified as intrinsically and powerfully superstitious, and their religiosity was used as a necessary site of symbolic transformation for the nation. Numerous examples of the deleterious effect of superstition on women, their children, the family, and society were described, and modern and scientific education was seen as the antidote to this seemingly intractable problem. 宗教在二十世紀中國被賦予新的定位，在新的標準之下，許多集體性的經驗被目為「迷信」，並遭到排斥，相較於此，所謂「宗教」的面貌更傾向個體的實踐與信仰，作為自我提升之道，有人甚至會以此回應西方帝國主義和日本的侵略. 婦女從來跟宗教信仰有密切關係, 到了民國時期，她們被視特別'迷信者'；女性的宗教性（religiosity）也被視為轉化的象徵性。資料裡面有很多例子，介紹「迷信」怎麼害婦女，兒童，家庭，與社會文明。婦女能收到科學性的新教育再能夠對抗這些陋習。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World is the property of bilig: Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkish World and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article examines the adoption of modern fingerprinting in early twentieth-century China through a case study of the Fingerprint Society, an association affiliated with the Ministry of Interior's police academy that was active in 1920s Beijing. The members of this association viewed fingerprinting as both a technique that could be used to demonstrate China's adoption of globally accepted standards of policing and justice and a body of academic knowledge that could form the basis for a would-be profession of fingerprinting experts. While the Fingerprint Society ultimately failed to accomplish its profession-building goals, its activities nonetheless shed light on an early moment in the history of new identification practices in China as well as on dynamics that have shaped the global history of fingerprinting as an area of modern expert knowledge located ambiguously between policing and science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish History Education Journal (TUHED) is the property of Ahmet Simsek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Elif Şafak is a novel writer whose name is frequently mentioned among contemporary novelists. Before Aşk, she published her works Pinhan, Şehrin Aynaları, Mahrem, Bit Palas, Araf, Baba ve Piç, Siyah Süt respectively. Each of these contributed to her recognition. However, it is Aşk that is profound in both being deemed worthy of international success awards and making her the author of the best-selling book in the Turkish publishing world in a short time. Aşk, first published abroad in the name The Forty Rules of Love, is published in Turkey in the name Aşk. Elif Şafak handles the love of Ella-Zahara on the one hand and Mevlana-Şems on the other. No study has been carried out up to today as to whether this sufistic work is popular or aesthetic. In the introduction part of the study, the topic of the popular and aesthetic novel is mentioned. Then, Elif Şafak's Aşk novel has been evaluated in terms of both content and form based on popular and aesthetic novel elements. This evaluation has been done by comparison and document analysis methods. Thus, it has been attempted to determine the original place of Elif Şafak's Aşk novel in the literary world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]