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2. Search for Low-Mass WIMPs with SuperCDMS

Author

Agnese, R., Anderson, A. J., Asai, M., Balakishiyeva, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Bauer, D. A., Beaty, J., Billard, J., Borgland, A., Bowles, M. A., Brandt, D., Brink, P. L., Bunker, R., Cabrera, B., Caldwell, D. O., Cerdeno, D. G., Chagani, H., Chen, Y., Cherry, M., Cooley, J., Cornell, B., Crewdson, C. H., Cushman, P., Daal, M., DeVaney, D., Di Stefano, P. C. F., Silva, E. Do Couto E, Doughty, T., Esteban, L., Fallows, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Godfrey, G. L., Golwala, S. R., Hall, J., Hansen, S., Harris, H. R., Hertel, S. A., Hines, B. A., Hofer, T., Holmgren, D., Hsu, L., Huber, M. E., Jastram, A., Kamaev, O., Kara, B., Kelsey, M. H., Kenany, S., Kennedy, A., Kiveni, M., Koch, K., Leder, A., Loer, B., Asamar, E. Lopez, Mahapatra, R., Mandic, V., Martinez, C., McCarthy, K. A., Mirabolfathi, N., Moffatt, R. A., Nelson, R. H., Novak, L., Page, K., Partridge, R., Pepin, M., Phipps, A., Platt, M., Prasad, K., Pyle, M., Qiu, H., Rau, W., Redl, P., Reisetter, A., Resch, R. W., Ricci, Y., Ruschman, M., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Sander, J., Schmitt, R. L., Schneck, K., Schnee, R. W., Scorza, S., Seitz, D. N., Serfass, B., Shank, B., Speller, D., Tomada, A., Upadhyayula, S., Villano, A. N., Welliver, B., Wright, D. H., Yellin, S., Yen, J. J., Young, B. A., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report a first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the background rejection capabilities of SuperCDMS. An exposure of 577 kg-days was analyzed for WIMPs with mass < 30 GeV/c2, with the signal region blinded. Eleven events were observed after unblinding. We set an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.2e-42 cm2 at 8 GeV/c2. This result is in tension with WIMP interpretations of recent experiments and probes new parameter space for WIMP-nucleon scattering for WIMP masses < 6 GeV/c2., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures; figure 1 updated, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2014
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3. Demonstration of Surface Electron Rejection with Interleaved Germanium Detectors for Dark Matter Searches

Author

Agnese, R., Anderson, A. J., Balakishiyeva, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Bauer, D. A., Borgland, A., Brandt, D., Brink, P. L., Bunker, R., Cabrera, B., Caldwell, D. O., Cerdeno, D. G., Chagani, H., Cherry, M., Cooley, J., Cornell, B., Crewdson, C. H., Cushman, P., Daal, M., Di Stefano, P. C. F., Silva, E. Do Couto E, Doughty, T., Esteban, L., Fallows, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Fox, J., Fritts, M., Godfrey, G. L., Golwala, S. R., Hall, J., Harris, H. R., Hasi, J., Hertel, S. A., Hines, B. A., Hofer, T., Holmgren, D., Hsu, L., Huber, M. E., Jastram, A., Kamaev, O., Kara, B., Kelsey, M. H., Kenany, S. A., Kennedy, A., Kenney, C. J., Kiveni, M., Koch, K., Loer, B., Asamar, E. Lopez, Mahapatra, R., Mandic, V., Martinez, C., McCarthy, K. A., Mirabolfathi, N., Moffatt, R. A., Moore, D. C., Nadeau, P., Nelson, R. H., Novak, L., Page, K., Partridge, R., Pepin, M., Phipps, A., Prasad, K., Pyle, M., Qiu, H., Radpour, R., Rau, W., Redl, P., Reisetter, A., Resch, R. W., Ricci, Y., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Sander, J., Schmitt, R., Schneck, K., Schnee, R. W., Scorza, S., Seitz, D., Serfass, B., Shank, B., Speller, D., Tomada, A., Villano, A. N., Welliver, B., Wright, D. H., Yellin, S., Yen, J. J., Young, B. A., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The SuperCDMS experiment in the Soudan Underground Laboratory searches for dark matter with a 9-kg array of cryogenic germanium detectors. Symmetric sensors on opposite sides measure both charge and phonons from each particle interaction, providing excellent discrimination between electron and nuclear recoils, and between surface and interior events. Surface event rejection capabilities were tested with two $^{210}$Pb sources producing $\sim$130 beta decays/hr. In $\sim$800 live hours, no events leaked into the 8--115 keV signal region, giving upper limit leakage fraction $1.7 \times 10^{-5}$ at 90% C.L., corresponding to $< 0.6$ surface event background in the future 200-kg SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to journal

Published
2013
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4. Entanglement-secured single-qubit quantum secret-sharing

Author

Scherpelz, P., Resch, R., Berryrieser, D., and Lynn, T. W.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

In single-qubit quantum secret sharing, a secret is shared between N parties via manipulation and measurement of one qubit at a time. Each qubit is sent to all N parties in sequence; the secret is encoded in the first participant's preparation of the qubit state and the subsequent participants' choices of state rotation or measurement basis. We present a protocol for single-qubit quantum secret sharing using polarization entanglement of photon pairs produced in type-I spontaneous parametric downconversion. We investigate the protocol's security against eavesdropping attack under common experimental conditions: a lossy channel for photon transmission, and imperfect preparation of the initial qubit state. A protocol which exploits entanglement between photons, rather than simply polarization correlation, is more robustly secure. We implement the entanglement-based secret-sharing protocol with 87% secret-sharing fidelity, limited by the purity of the entangled state produced by our present apparatus. We demonstrate a photon-number splitting eavesdropping attack, which achieves no success against the entanglement-based protocol while showing the predicted rate of success against a correlation-based protocol., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures

Published
2011
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5. Monte Carlo Comparisons to a Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Detector with low Transition-Edge-Sensor Transition Temperature

Author

Leman, S. W., McCarthy, K. A., Brink, P. L., Cabrera, B., Cherry, M., Silva, E. Do Couto E, Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Kim, P., Mirabolfathi, N., Pyle, M., Resch, R., Sadoulet, B., Serfass, B., Sundqvist, K. M., Tomada, A., and Young, B. A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We present results on phonon quasidiffusion and Transition Edge Sensor (TES) studies in a large, 3 inch diameter, 1 inch thick [100] high purity germanium crystal, cooled to 50 mK in the vacuum of a dilution refrigerator, and exposed with 59.5 keV gamma-rays from an Am-241 calibration source. We compare calibration data with results from a Monte Carlo which includes phonon quasidiffusion and the generation of phonons created by charge carriers as they are drifted across the detector by ionization readout channels. The phonon energy is then parsed into TES based phonon readout channels and input into a TES simulator.

Published
2011
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6. Validation of Phonon Physics in the CDMS Detector Monte Carlo

Author

McCarthy, K. A., Leman, S. W., Anderson, A. J., Brandt, D., Brink, P. L., Cabrera, B., Cherry, M., Silva, E. Do Couto E, Cushman, P., Doughty, T., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Kim, P., Mirabolfathi, N., Novak, L., Partridge, R., Pyle, M., Reisetter, A., Resch, R., Sadoulet, B., Serfass, B., Sundqvist, K. M., and Tomada, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The SuperCDMS collaboration is a dark matter search effort aimed at detecting the scattering of WIMP dark matter from nuclei in cryogenic germanium targets. The CDMS Detector Monte Carlo (CDMS-DMC) is a simulation tool aimed at achieving a deeper understanding of the performance of the SuperCDMS detectors and aiding the dark matter search analysis. We present results from validation of the phonon physics described in the CDMS-DMC and outline work towards utilizing it in future WIMP search analyses., Comment: 6 Pages, 5 Figures, Proceedings of Low Temperature Detectors 14 Conference

Published
2011
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7. Time Evolution of Electric Fields in CDMS Detectors

Author

Leman, S. W., Brandt, D., Brink, P. L., Cabrera, B., Chagani, H., Cherry, M., Cushman, P., Silva, E. Do Couto E, Doughty, T., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Mandic, V., McCarthy, K. A., Mirabolfathi, N., Pyle, M., Reisetter, A., Resch, R., Sadoulet, B., Serfass, B., Sundqvist, K. M., Tomada, A., Young, B. A., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) utilizes large mass, 3" diameter x 1" thick target masses as particle detectors. The target is instrumented with both phonon and ionization sensors, the later providing a $\sim$1 V cm$^{-1}$ electric field in the detector bulk. Cumulative radiation exposure which creates $\sim 200\times 10^6$ electron-hole pairs is sufficient to produce a comparable reverse field in the detector thereby degrading the ionization channel performance. To study this, the existing CDMS detector Monte Carlo has been modified to allow for an event by event evolution of the bulk electric field, in three spatial dimensions. Our most resent results and interpretation are discussed., Comment: Low Temperature Detectors 14 conference proceeding to be published in the Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Published
2011
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8. Comparison of CDMS [100] and [111] oriented germanium detectors

Author

Leman, S. W., Hertel, S. A., Kim, P., Cabrera, B., Silva, E. Do Couto E, Figueroa-Feliciano, E., McCarthy, K. A., Resch, R., Sadoulet, B., and Sundqvist, K. M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) utilizes large mass, 3" diameter $\times$ 1" thick target masses as particle detectors. The target is instrumented with both phonon and ionization sensors and comparison of energy in each channel provides event-by-event classification of electron and nuclear recoils. Fiducial volume is determined by the ability to obtain good phonon and ionization signal at a particular location. Due to electronic band structure in germanium, electron mass is described by an anisotropic tensor with heavy mass aligned along the symmetry axis defined by the [111] Miller index (L valley), resulting in large lateral component to the transport. The spatial distribution of electrons varies significantly for detectors which have their longitudinal axis orientations described by either the [100] or [111] Miller indices. Electric fields with large fringing component at high detector radius also affect the spatial distribution of electrons and holes. Both effects are studied in a 3 dimensional Monte Carlo and the impact on fiducial volume is discussed., Comment: Low Temperature Detector 14 conference proceedings to be published in the Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Published
2011
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9. Phonon Quasidiffusion in Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Large Germanium Detectors

Author

Leman, S. W., Cabrera, B., McCarthy, K. A., Pyle, M., Resch, R., Sadoulet, B., Sundqvist, K. M., Brink, P. L., Cherry, M., Silva, E. Do Couto E, Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Mirabolfathi, N., Serfass, B., and Tomada, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present results on quasidiffusion studies in large, 3 inch diameter, 1 inch thick [100] high purity germanium crystals, cooled to 50 mK in the vacuum of a dilution refrigerator, and exposed with 59.5 keV gamma-rays from an Am-241 calibration source. We compare data obtained in two different detector types, with different phonon sensor area coverage, with results from a Monte Carlo. The Monte Carlo includes phonon quasidiffusion and the generation of phonons created by charge carriers as they are drifted across the detector by ionization readout channels., Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, PHONONS201 conference proceedings; http://psroc.phys.ntu.edu.tw/cjp/download.php?d=4&pid=2718

Published
2011

10. Search for inelastic dark matter with the CDMS II experiment

Author

CDMS Collaboration, Ahmed, Z., Akerib, D. S., Arrenberg, S., Bailey, C. N., Balakishiyeva, D., Baudis, L., Bauer, D. A., Brink, P. L., Bruch, T., Bunker, R., Cabrera, B., Caldwell, D. O., Cooley, J., Silva, E. do Couto e, Cushman, P., Daal, M., DeJongh, F., Di Stefano, P., Dragowsky, M. R., Duong, L., Fallows, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J., Fox, J., Fritts, M., Golwala, S. R., Hall, J., Hennings-Yeomans, R., Hertel, S. A., Holmgren, D., Hsu, L., Huber, M. E., Kamaev, O., Kiveni, M., Kos, M., Leman, S. W., Liu, S., Mahapatra, R., Mandic, V., McCarthy, K. A., Mirabolfathi, N., Moore, D., Nelson, H., Ogburn, R. W., Phipps, A., Pyle, M., Qiu, X., Ramberg, E., Rau, W., Razeti, M., Reisetter, A., Resch, R., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Sander, J., Schnee, R. W., Seitz, D. N., Serfass, B., Sundqvist, K. M., Tarka, M., Wikus, P., Yellin, S., Yoo, J., Young, B. A., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Results are presented from a reanalysis of the entire five-tower data set acquired with the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory, with an exposure of 969 kg-days. The analysis window was extended to a recoil energy of 150 keV, and an improved surface-event background-rejection cut was defined to increase the sensitivity of the experiment to the inelastic dark matter (iDM) model. Three dark matter candidates were found between 25 keV and 150 keV. The probability to observe three or more background events in this energy range is 11%. Because of the occurrence of these events the constraints on the iDM parameter space are slightly less stringent than those from our previous analysis, which used an energy window of 10-100 keV., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, minor changes to match published version, conclusion unchanged

Published
2010
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11. Results from a Low-Energy Analysis of the CDMS II Germanium Data

Author

CDMS Collaboration, Ahmed, Z., Akerib, D. S., Arrenberg, S., Bailey, C. N., Balakishiyeva, D., Baudis, L., Bauer, D. A., Brink, P. L., Bruch, T., Bunker, R., Cabrera, B., Caldwell, D. O., Cooley, J., Silva, E. do Couto e, Cushman, P., Daal, M., DeJongh, F., Di Stefano, P., Dragowsky, M. R., Duong, L., Fallows, S., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Filippini, J., Fox, J., Fritts, M., Golwala, S. R., Hall, J., Hennings-Yeomans, R., Hertel, S. A., Holmgren, D., Hsu, L., Huber, M. E., Kamaev, O., Kiveni, M., Kos, M., Leman, S. W., Liu, S., Mahapatra, R., Mandic, V., McCarthy, K. A., Mirabolfathi, N., Moore, D., Nelson, H., Ogburn, R. W., Phipps, A., Pyle, M., Qiu, X., Ramberg, E., Rau, W., Reisetter, A., Resch, R., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Sander, J., Schnee, R. W., Seitz, D. N., Serfass, B., Sundqvist, K. M., Tarka, M., Wikus, P., Yellin, S., Yoo, J., Young, B. A., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report results from a reanalysis of data from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Data taken between October 2006 and September 2008 using eight germanium detectors are reanalyzed with a lowered, 2 keV recoil-energy threshold, to give increased sensitivity to interactions from Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) with masses below ~10 GeV/c^2. This analysis provides stronger constraints than previous CDMS II results for WIMP masses below 9 GeV/c^2 and excludes parameter space associated with possible low-mass WIMP signals from the DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT experiments., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures. Supplemental material included as ancillary files. v3) Added appendix with additional details regarding energy scale and backgrounds

Published
2010
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13. Search for inelastic dark matter with the CDMS II experiment

Author

Ahmed, Z, Akerib, DS, Arrenberg, S, Bailey, CN, Balakishiyeva, D, Baudis, L, Bauer, DA, Brink, PL, Bruch, T, Bunker, R, Cabrera, B, Caldwell, DO, Cooley, J, do Couto e Silva, E, Cushman, P, Daal, M, DeJongh, F, Di Stefano, P, Dragowsky, MR, Duong, L, Fallows, S, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Filippini, J, Fox, J, Fritts, M, Golwala, SR, Hall, J, Hennings-Yeomans, R, Hertel, SA, Holmgren, D, Hsu, L, Huber, ME, Kamaev, O, Kiveni, M, Kos, M, Leman, SW, Liu, S, Mahapatra, R, Mandic, V, McCarthy, KA, Mirabolfathi, N, Moore, D, Nelson, H, Ogburn, RW, Phipps, A, Pyle, M, Qiu, X, Ramberg, E, Rau, W, Razeti, M, Reisetter, A, Resch, R, Saab, T, Sadoulet, B, Sander, J, Schnee, RW, Seitz, DN, Serfass, B, Sundqvist, KM, Tarka, M, Wikus, P, Yellin, S, Yoo, J, Young, BA, and Zhang, J

Subjects
astro-ph.CO, hep-ex, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract

Results are presented from a reanalysis of the entire five-tower data set acquired with the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory, with an exposure of 969 kg-days. The analysis window was extended to a recoil energy of 150 keV, and an improved surface-event background-rejection cut was defined to increase the sensitivity of the experiment to the inelastic dark matter (iDM) model. Three dark matter candidates were found between 25 keV and 150 keV. The probability to observe three or more background events in this energy range is 11%. Because of the occurrence of these events, the constraints on the iDM parameter space are slightly less stringent than those from our previous analysis, which used an energy window of 10-100 keV. © 2011 American Physical Society.

Published
2011

14. Results from a Low-Energy Analysis of the CDMS II Germanium Data

Author

Ahmed, Z, Akerib, DS, Arrenberg, S, Bailey, CN, Balakishiyeva, D, Baudis, L, Bauer, DA, Brink, PL, Bruch, T, Bunker, R, Cabrera, B, Caldwell, DO, Cooley, J, do Couto e Silva, E, Cushman, P, Daal, M, DeJongh, F, Di Stefano, P, Dragowsky, MR, Duong, L, Fallows, S, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Filippini, J, Fox, J, Fritts, M, Golwala, SR, Hall, J, Hennings-Yeomans, R, Hertel, SA, Holmgren, D, Hsu, L, Huber, ME, Kamaev, O, Kiveni, M, Kos, M, Leman, SW, Liu, S, Mahapatra, R, Mandic, V, McCarthy, KA, Mirabolfathi, N, Moore, D, Nelson, H, Ogburn, RW, Phipps, A, Pyle, M, Qiu, X, Ramberg, E, Rau, W, Reisetter, A, Resch, R, Saab, T, Sadoulet, B, Sander, J, Schnee, RW, Seitz, DN, Serfass, B, Sundqvist, KM, Tarka, M, Wikus, P, Yellin, S, Yoo, J, Young, BA, and Zhang, J

Subjects
CDMS Collaboration, astro-ph.CO, hep-ex, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics
Abstract

We report results from a reanalysis of data from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Data taken between October 2006 and September 2008 using eight germanium detectors are reanalyzed with a lowered, 2 keV recoil-energy threshold, to give increased sensitivity to interactions from weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with masses below ∼10  GeV/c(2). This analysis provides stronger constraints than previous CDMS II results for WIMP masses below 9  GeV/c(2) and excludes parameter space associated with possible low-mass WIMP signals from the DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT experiments.

Published
2011

17. Detector Fabrication Yield for SuperCDMS Soudan

Author

Brink, P. L., Anderson, A. J., Balakishiyeva, D., Bauer, D. A., Beaty, J., Brandt, D., Cabrera, B., Chagani, H., Cherry, M., Cooley, J., do Couto e Silva, E., Cushman, P., Daal, M., Doughty, T., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Fritts, M., Godfrey, G., Golwala, S. R., Hall, J., Harris, R., Hertel, S., Hines, B. A., Hsu, L., Huber, M. E., Kamaev, O., Kara, B., Kenany, S. A., Leman, S. W., Mahapatra, R., Mandic, V., McCarthy, K. A., Mirabolfathi, N., Novak, L., Partridge, R., Pyle, M., Qiu, H., Radpour, R., Rau, W., Reisetter, A., Resch, R., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Sander, J., Schmitt, R., Schnee, R. W., Scorza, S., Seitz, D. N., Serfass, B., Shank, B., Tomada, A., Villano, A., Welliver, B., Yen, J. J., Young, B. A., and Zhang, J.

Published
2014
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18. Ionization Measurements of SuperCDMS SNOLAB 100 mm Diameter Germanium Crystals

Author

Chagani, H., Bauer, D. A., Brandt, D., Brink, P. L., Cabrera, B., Cherry, M., Do Couto e Silva, E., Godfrey, G. G., Hall, J., Hansen, S., Hasi, J., Kelsey, M., Kenney, C. J., Mandic, V., Nagasawa, D., Novak, L., Mirabolfathi, N., Partridge, R., Radpour, R., Resch, R., Sadoulet, B., Seitz, D. N., Shank, B., Tomada, A., Yen, J., Young, B. A., and Zhang, J.

Published
2012
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30. Formation of self-assembled octadecylsiloxane monolayers on mica and silicon surfaces studied by atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy

Author

Vallant, T., Brunner, H., Mayer, U., Hoffmann, H., Leitner, T., Resch, R., and Friedbacher, G.

Subjects
Monomolecular films -- Research, Silicon -- Spectra, Mica -- Research, Organosilicon compounds -- Research, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The effect of the substrate and the specific preparation conditions on the structure of submonolayer films and on the film growth mechanism were studied using two largely different substrates, native silicon and mica. The growth process of self-assembled octadecylsiloxane (ODS) monolayers was also monitored under systematic variation of the water content in the adsorbate solution and age of the adsorbate solution. Results reveal the involvement of both a continuous growth and an island-type growth in the formation of ODS monolayers. Island-type growth is strongly favored on both silicon and mica surfaces with increasing water content or increasing age of the adsorbate solution.

Published
1998

33. The effect of increased temperature and CO2 air enrichment on the nutritive value of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata) in permanent grassland.

Author

Küsters, J., Pötsch, E. M., Resch, R., and Gierus, M.

Abstract

High yielding ruminant livestock require high nutritive value in forage for maintenance, growth and production. Climate change has been documented as impacting on the nutritive value of forage plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of increased temperature in combination with CO2-enhancement on the nutritive value of orchard grass (cocksfoot; Dactylis glomerata L.), as a C3 model plant, widespread in mountainous permanent grassland plant communities. Functional traits and forage quality of orchard grass were investigated both under ambient (C0T0) and under simulated, future climate conditions (C2T2) with increased temperature (+3°C) and enhanced CO2 concentration (+300 ppm) under field conditions. Plant samples were taken from each of the three growths over a period of three consecutive years and numerous functional properties and forage quality parameters were determined. Special attention was paid to the determination of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), crude protein (CP), non-protein N (NPN) and metabolizable energy (ME) as possible indicators for different climatic conditions. It is hypothesized that (i) functional traits and (ii) forage quality of orchard grass are altered by increased temperature and higher CO2 concentration. The results showed a negative impact of C2T2 compared to C0T0 on tiller height (54.4 v. 70.6 cm) and weight (2.42 v. 3.22 g) as average over cuts and years. The NPN content was lower in C2T2 (312 g/kg CP) compared to C0T0 (339 g/kg CP). In contrast, the WSC content was higher in C2T2 (90.3 g/kg DM) compared to C0T0 (82.5 g/kg DM). Both ME content and digestibility were increased in C2T2 (9.18 ME/kg DM and 68.2%) compared to C0T0 (8.86 ME/kg DM and 65.4%). Concluding, under increased temperature and enhanced CO2, both functional traits and certain nutrients and their fractions appear to change in orchard grass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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39. Hypercalcämie als Erstmanifestation einer akuten lymphatischen Leukämie: Ätiologie und Therapie

Author

Haas H, Berger H, and Resch R

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Hypercalcaemia, business.industry, General Medicine, Forced diuresis, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Dyscrasia, Acute lymphatic leukaemia, Internal medicine, Etiology, medicine, Prednisolone, Cortisone, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

A hypercalcaemic crisis was the first manifestation of acute lymphatic leukaemia in a two-year-old girl. Admiinistration of prednisolone improved the child's general condition but obscured the true diagnosis which was made only when another hypercalcaemic crisis occurred. Unexplained hypercalcaemia should make one consider the possibility of a malignant blood dyscrasia. Forced diuresis, cortisone and mithramycin can be used therapeutically to achieve a rapid fall in calcium level.

Published
2008
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40. History and Possible Uses of Nanomedicine Based on Nanoparticles and Nanotechnological Progress

Author

Wagner W, Krukemeyer Mg, Krenn, Huebner F, and Resch R

Subjects
Stent placement, Research areas, Biomedical Engineering, Pharmaceutical Science, Medicine (miscellaneous), Nanomedicine, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, Biocompatible material, Regenerative medicine, Cancer treatment
Abstract

Nanomedicine is a key science of the 21st century. Although the production and use of nanosized particles had taken place in several ways in ancient times and hundreds of years ago, nanomedicine as a modern interdisciplinary science was first established in the nineties of the last century only. The basis of this new science derives from the development of an array of ultramicroscopic devices and the studies of cellular, molecular and finally atomsized structures in biology, chemistry and physics in the 20th century. The nanotechnological approach, first framed in the 1950’s by Richard P. Feynman, was the constitutive force to establish nanomedicine as a paramount section in science and medical treatments. From the beginning nanomedicine developed rapidly, driven by tremendous progress in techniques. Its historical evolvement and diversification into a wide range of medical applications (e.g. tissue engineering) and its increasing relevance for a large bunch of disease categories are outlined. Essential application and/or research areas comprise the use of biosensors for diagnostic reasons (including nanoimaging and lab-on-the-chip) and biocompatible nanomaterials (such as liposomes) as drug, vaccine and gene vehicles for therapy, most prominently as nanocapsules for cancer treatment (in connection to hyperthermia, thermoablation and radiotherapy methods where appropriate). Future directions remain multi-fold, the most important ones defined as drug delivery, theranostics, tissue engineering, and magnetofection. Some novel developments (regarding cancer treatment and stent angioplasty) are presented. Regenerative medicine and gene therapy are of rising importance

Published
2015
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42. Detector Fabrication Yield for SuperCDMS Soudan

Author

Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Anderson, Adam Jonathan, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Hertel, Scott A, Leman, Steven W., McCarthy, Kevin Ahmad, Brink, P. L, Balakishiyeva, D., Bauer, D. A, Beaty, J., Brandt, D., Cabrera, B., Chagani, H., Cherry, M., Cooley, J., do Couto e Silva, E., Cushman, P., Daal, M., Doughty, T., Fritts, M., Godfrey, G., Golwala, S. R, Hall, J., Harris, R., Hines, B. A, Hsu, L., Huber, M. E, Kamaev, O., Kara, B., Kenany, S. A, Leman, S. W, Mahapatra, R., Mandic, V., Mirabolfathi, N., Novak, L., Partridge, R., Pyle, M., Qiu, H., Radpour, R., Rau, W., Reisetter, A., Resch, R., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Sander, J., Schmitt, R., Schnee, R. W, Scorza, S., Seitz, D. N, Serfass, B., Shank, B., Tomada, A., Villano, A., Welliver, B., Yen, J. J, Young, B. A, Zhang, J., Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Anderson, Adam Jonathan, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Hertel, Scott A, Leman, Steven W., McCarthy, Kevin Ahmad, Brink, P. L, Balakishiyeva, D., Bauer, D. A, Beaty, J., Brandt, D., Cabrera, B., Chagani, H., Cherry, M., Cooley, J., do Couto e Silva, E., Cushman, P., Daal, M., Doughty, T., Fritts, M., Godfrey, G., Golwala, S. R, Hall, J., Harris, R., Hines, B. A, Hsu, L., Huber, M. E, Kamaev, O., Kara, B., Kenany, S. A, Leman, S. W, Mahapatra, R., Mandic, V., Mirabolfathi, N., Novak, L., Partridge, R., Pyle, M., Qiu, H., Radpour, R., Rau, W., Reisetter, A., Resch, R., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Sander, J., Schmitt, R., Schnee, R. W, Scorza, S., Seitz, D. N, Serfass, B., Shank, B., Tomada, A., Villano, A., Welliver, B., Yen, J. J, Young, B. A, and Zhang, J.

Abstract

The SuperCDMS collaboration is presently operating a 9 kg Ge payload at the Soudan Underground Laboratory in their direct search for dark matter. The Ge detectors utilize double-sided athermal phonon sensors with an interdigitated electrode structure (iZIPs) to reject near-surface electron-recoil events. These detectors each have a mass of 0.6 kg and were fabricated with photolithographic techniques. The detector fabrication advances required and the production yield encountered are described., United States. Dept. of Energy, National Science Foundation (U.S.)

Published
2016

43. Monte Carlo Simulation of Massive Absorbers for Cryogenic Calorimeters

Author

Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, McArthy, K., Leman, Steven W., Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Brandt, D., Asai, M., Cabrera, B., do Couto e Silva, E., Kelsey, M., Resch, R., Wright, D., Brink, P. L., Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, McArthy, K., Leman, Steven W., Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Brandt, D., Asai, M., Cabrera, B., do Couto e Silva, E., Kelsey, M., Resch, R., Wright, D., and Brink, P. L.

Abstract

There is a growing interest in cryogenic calorimeters with macroscopic absorbers for applications such as dark matter direct detection and rare event search experiments. The physics of energy transport in calorimeters with absorber masses exceeding several grams is made complex by the anisotropic nature of the absorber crystals as well as the changing mean free paths as phonons decay to progressively lower energies. We present a Monte Carlo model capable of simulating anisotropic phonon transport in cryogenic crystals. We have initiated the validation process and discuss the level of agreement between our simulation and experimental results reported in the literature, focusing on heat pulse propagation in germanium. The simulation framework is implemented using Geant4, a toolkit originally developed for high-energy physics Monte Carlo simulations. Geant4 has also been used for nuclear and accelerator physics, and applications in medical and space sciences. We believe that our current work may open up new avenues for applications in material science and condensed matter physics., United States. Dept. of Energy (SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515)

Published
2016

46. Phonon Quasidiffusion in Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Large Germanium Detectors

Author

Leman, S. W., Cabrera, B., Mccarthy, K. A., Pyle, M., Resch, R., Sadoulet, B., Sundqvist, K. M., Brink, P. L., Silva, E. D. C. E., Enectali Figueroa-Feliciano, Mirabolfathi, N., Serfass, B., Tomada, A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Leman, Steven W., McCarthy, Kevin Ahmad, and Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present results on quasidi usion studies in large, 3 inch diameter, 1 inch thick [100] high purity germanium crystals, cooled to 50 mK in the vacuum of a dilution refrigerator, and exposed with 59.5 keV gamma-rays from an Am-241 calibration source. We compare data obtained in two di erent detector types, with di erent phonon sensor area coverage, with results from a Monte Carlo. The Monte Carlo includes phonon quasidi usion and the generation of phonons created by charge carriers as they are drifted across the detector by ionization readout channels., United States. Dept. of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-04ER41295), United States. Dept. of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-07ER41480), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant PHY-0542066), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant PHY-0503729), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant PHY-0503629), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant PHY-0504224), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant PHY-0705078), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant PHY-0801712)

Published
2010

47. Search for Low-Mass Weakly Interacting Massive Particles with SuperCDMS

Author

Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Anderson, Adam Jonathan, Billard, Julien, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Hertel, Scott Alexander, Leder, Alexander Friedrich, McCarthy, Kevin Ahmad, Agnese, R., Asai, M., Balakishiyeva, D., Basu Thakur, R., Bauer, D. A., Beaty, J., Borgland, A., Bowles, M. A., Brandt, D., Brink, P. L., Bunker, R., Cabrera, B., Caldwell, D. O., Cerdeno, D. G., Chagani, H., Chen, Y., Cherry, M., Cooley, J., Cornell, B., Crewdson, C. H., Cushman, P., Daal, M., DeVaney, D., Di Stefano, P. C. F., Silva, E. Do Couto E, Doughty, T., Esteban, L., Fallows, S., Godfrey, G. L., Golwala, S. R., Hall, J., Hansen, S., Harris, H. R., Hines, B. A., Hofer, T., Holmgren, D., Hsu, L., Huber, M. E., Jastram, A., Kamaev, O., Kara, B., Kelsey, M. H., Kenany, S., Kennedy, A., Kiveni, M., Koch, K., Loer, B., Lopez Asamar, E., Mahapatra, R., Mandic, V., Martinez, C., Mirabolfathi, N., Moffatt, R. A., Nelson, R. H., Novak, L., Page, K., Partridge, R., Pepin, M., Phipps, A., Platt, M., Prasad, K., Pyle, M., Qiu, H., Rau, W., Redl, P., Reisetter, A., Resch, R. W., Ricci, Y., Ruschman, M., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Sander, J., Schmitt, R. L., Schneck, K., Schnee, R. W., Scorza, S., Seitz, D. N., Serfass, B., Shank, B., Speller, D., Tomada, A., Upadhyayula, S., Villano, A. N., Welliver, B., Wright, D. H., Yellin, S., Yen, J. J., Young, B. A., Zhang, J., Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Anderson, Adam Jonathan, Billard, Julien, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Hertel, Scott Alexander, Leder, Alexander Friedrich, McCarthy, Kevin Ahmad, Agnese, R., Asai, M., Balakishiyeva, D., Basu Thakur, R., Bauer, D. A., Beaty, J., Borgland, A., Bowles, M. A., Brandt, D., Brink, P. L., Bunker, R., Cabrera, B., Caldwell, D. O., Cerdeno, D. G., Chagani, H., Chen, Y., Cherry, M., Cooley, J., Cornell, B., Crewdson, C. H., Cushman, P., Daal, M., DeVaney, D., Di Stefano, P. C. F., Silva, E. Do Couto E, Doughty, T., Esteban, L., Fallows, S., Godfrey, G. L., Golwala, S. R., Hall, J., Hansen, S., Harris, H. R., Hines, B. A., Hofer, T., Holmgren, D., Hsu, L., Huber, M. E., Jastram, A., Kamaev, O., Kara, B., Kelsey, M. H., Kenany, S., Kennedy, A., Kiveni, M., Koch, K., Loer, B., Lopez Asamar, E., Mahapatra, R., Mandic, V., Martinez, C., Mirabolfathi, N., Moffatt, R. A., Nelson, R. H., Novak, L., Page, K., Partridge, R., Pepin, M., Phipps, A., Platt, M., Prasad, K., Pyle, M., Qiu, H., Rau, W., Redl, P., Reisetter, A., Resch, R. W., Ricci, Y., Ruschman, M., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Sander, J., Schmitt, R. L., Schneck, K., Schnee, R. W., Scorza, S., Seitz, D. N., Serfass, B., Shank, B., Speller, D., Tomada, A., Upadhyayula, S., Villano, A. N., Welliver, B., Wright, D. H., Yellin, S., Yen, J. J., Young, B. A., and Zhang, J.

Abstract

We report a first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the background rejection capabilities of SuperCDMS. An exposure of 577 kg days was analyzed for WIMPs with mass < 30 GeV/c[superscript 2], with the signal region blinded. Eleven events were observed after unblinding. We set an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.2 × 10[superscript −42] cm[superscript 2] at 8 GeV/c[superscript 2]. This result is in tension with WIMP interpretations of recent experiments and probes new parameter space for WIMP-nucleon scattering for WIMP masses <6 GeV/c[superscript 2]., National Science Foundation (U.S.), United States. Dept. of Energy

Published
2014

48. Validation of Phonon Physics in the CDMS Detector Monte Carlo

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, McCarthy, Kevin Ahmad, Leman, Steven W., Anderson, Adam Jonathan, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Brandt, D., Brink, P. L., Cabrera, B., Cherry, M., do Couto e Silva, Eduardo, Cushman, P., Doughty, T., Tomada, A., Kim, P., Mirabolfathi, N., Novak, L., Partridge, R., Pyle, M., Reisetter, A., Resch, R., Sadoulet, B., Serfass, B., Sundqvist, K. M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, McCarthy, Kevin Ahmad, Leman, Steven W., Anderson, Adam Jonathan, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Brandt, D., Brink, P. L., Cabrera, B., Cherry, M., do Couto e Silva, Eduardo, Cushman, P., Doughty, T., Tomada, A., Kim, P., Mirabolfathi, N., Novak, L., Partridge, R., Pyle, M., Reisetter, A., Resch, R., Sadoulet, B., Serfass, B., and Sundqvist, K. M.

Abstract

The SuperCDMS collaboration is a dark matter search effort aimed at detecting the scattering of WIMP dark matter from nuclei in cryogenic germanium targets. The CDMS Detector Monte Carlo (CDMS-DMC) is a simulation tool aimed at achieving a deeper understanding of the performance of the SuperCDMS detectors and aiding the dark matter search analysis. We present results from validation of the phonon physics described in the CDMS-DMC and outline work towards utilizing it in future WIMP search analyses., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant No. PHY-0847342)

Published
2014

49. Search for Low-Mass Weakly Interacting Massive Particles with SuperCDMS

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Anderson, Adam Jonathan, Billard, Julien, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Hertel, Scott Alexander, Leder, Alexander Friedrich, McCarthy, Kevin Ahmad, Agnese, R., Asai, M., Balakishiyeva, D., Basu Thakur, R., Bauer, D. A., Beaty, J., Borgland, A., Bowles, M. A., Brandt, D., Brink, P. L., Bunker, R., Cabrera, B., Caldwell, D. O., Cerdeno, D. G., Chagani, H., Chen, Y., Cherry, M., Cooley, J., Cornell, B., Crewdson, C. H., Cushman, P., Daal, M., DeVaney, D., Di Stefano, P. C. F., Silva, E. Do Couto E, Doughty, T., Esteban, L., Fallows, S., Godfrey, G. L., Golwala, S. R., Hall, J., Hansen, S., Harris, H. R., Hines, B. A., Hofer, T., Holmgren, D., Hsu, L., Huber, M. E., Jastram, A., Kamaev, O., Kara, B., Kelsey, M. H., Kenany, S., Kennedy, A., Kiveni, M., Koch, K., Loer, B., Lopez Asamar, E., Mahapatra, R., Mandic, V., Martinez, C., Mirabolfathi, N., Moffatt, R. A., Nelson, R. H., Novak, L., Page, K., Partridge, R., Pepin, M., Phipps, A., Platt, M., Prasad, K., Pyle, M., Qiu, H., Rau, W., Redl, P., Reisetter, A., Resch, R. W., Ricci, Y., Ruschman, M., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Sander, J., Schmitt, R. L., Schneck, K., Schnee, R. W., Scorza, S., Seitz, D. N., Serfass, B., Shank, B., Speller, D., Tomada, A., Upadhyayula, S., Villano, A. N., Welliver, B., Wright, D. H., Yellin, S., Yen, J. J., Young, B. A., Zhang, J., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Anderson, Adam Jonathan, Billard, Julien, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Hertel, Scott Alexander, Leder, Alexander Friedrich, McCarthy, Kevin Ahmad, Agnese, R., Asai, M., Balakishiyeva, D., Basu Thakur, R., Bauer, D. A., Beaty, J., Borgland, A., Bowles, M. A., Brandt, D., Brink, P. L., Bunker, R., Cabrera, B., Caldwell, D. O., Cerdeno, D. G., Chagani, H., Chen, Y., Cherry, M., Cooley, J., Cornell, B., Crewdson, C. H., Cushman, P., Daal, M., DeVaney, D., Di Stefano, P. C. F., Silva, E. Do Couto E, Doughty, T., Esteban, L., Fallows, S., Godfrey, G. L., Golwala, S. R., Hall, J., Hansen, S., Harris, H. R., Hines, B. A., Hofer, T., Holmgren, D., Hsu, L., Huber, M. E., Jastram, A., Kamaev, O., Kara, B., Kelsey, M. H., Kenany, S., Kennedy, A., Kiveni, M., Koch, K., Loer, B., Lopez Asamar, E., Mahapatra, R., Mandic, V., Martinez, C., Mirabolfathi, N., Moffatt, R. A., Nelson, R. H., Novak, L., Page, K., Partridge, R., Pepin, M., Phipps, A., Platt, M., Prasad, K., Pyle, M., Qiu, H., Rau, W., Redl, P., Reisetter, A., Resch, R. W., Ricci, Y., Ruschman, M., Saab, T., Sadoulet, B., Sander, J., Schmitt, R. L., Schneck, K., Schnee, R. W., Scorza, S., Seitz, D. N., Serfass, B., Shank, B., Speller, D., Tomada, A., Upadhyayula, S., Villano, A. N., Welliver, B., Wright, D. H., Yellin, S., Yen, J. J., Young, B. A., and Zhang, J.

Abstract

We report a first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using the background rejection capabilities of SuperCDMS. An exposure of 577 kg days was analyzed for WIMPs with mass < 30 GeV/c[superscript 2], with the signal region blinded. Eleven events were observed after unblinding. We set an upper limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.2 × 10[superscript −42] cm[superscript 2] at 8 GeV/c[superscript 2]. This result is in tension with WIMP interpretations of recent experiments and probes new parameter space for WIMP-nucleon scattering for WIMP masses <6 GeV/c[superscript 2]., National Science Foundation (U.S.), United States. Dept. of Energy

Published
2014

50. Phonon Quasidiffusion in Cryogenic Dark Matter Search Large Germanium Detectors

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Leman, Steven W., McCarthy, Kevin Ahmad, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Cabrera, B., Pyle, M., Resch, R., Sadoulet, B., Sundqvist, K. M., Brink, P. L., do Couto e Silva, Eduardo, Mirabolfathi, N., Serfass, B., Tomada, A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Leman, Steven W., McCarthy, Kevin Ahmad, Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali, Cabrera, B., Pyle, M., Resch, R., Sadoulet, B., Sundqvist, K. M., Brink, P. L., do Couto e Silva, Eduardo, Mirabolfathi, N., Serfass, B., and Tomada, A.

Abstract

We present results on quasidi usion studies in large, 3 inch diameter, 1 inch thick [100] high purity germanium crystals, cooled to 50 mK in the vacuum of a dilution refrigerator, and exposed with 59.5 keV gamma-rays from an Am-241 calibration source. We compare data obtained in two di erent detector types, with di erent phonon sensor area coverage, with results from a Monte Carlo. The Monte Carlo includes phonon quasidi usion and the generation of phonons created by charge carriers as they are drifted across the detector by ionization readout channels., United States. Dept. of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-04ER41295), United States. Dept. of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-07ER41480), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant PHY-0542066), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant PHY-0503729), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant PHY-0503629), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant PHY-0504224), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant PHY-0705078), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grant PHY-0801712)

Published
2013

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