Search

A defining feature of the response to the COVID-19 pandemic was a pervasive and palpable collapse of sense-making in individuals and organisations. A key factor underlying this chaos was the inability of humans to make sense of the big and noisy data environment. Such big data environments are especially amenable to interpretation by Artificial intelligence. In this study, a theoretical framework has been developed for the use of AI for sense-making in survival supply chains. The proposed framework, 'The Cognitive Model of Survival Supply Chains', is articulated as consisting of scan, store, interpret, execute, and learn as its purposive components. This framework is presented as a scaffolding to organise extant knowledge, identify gaps, synthesise new knowledge, and guide future research and practice. Research questions have been identified to develop a systematic research agenda. Implications for research, policy and practice for managing pandemics have been drawn out for researchers, policy makers, and practitioners, respectively. The paper also presents the design and architecture of an AI based solution for sense-making in survival supply chains. Such a solution is urgently needed for organising the efforts of diverse stakeholders in presenting a concerted and effective response to disasters that may unfold in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze the computational reproducibility of more than 1,000 empirical answers to 6 research questions in finance provided by 168 research teams. Running the researchers' code on the same raw data regenerates exactly the same results only 52% of the time. Reproducibility is higher for researchers with better coding skills and those exerting more effort. It is lower for more technical research questions, more complex code, and results lying in the tails of the distribution. Researchers exhibit overconfidence when assessing the reproducibility of their own research. We provide guidelines for finance researchers and discuss implementable reproducibility policies for academic journals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, university innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems (UIEEs) have emerged across the globe. We consider the managerial and policy implications of UIEEs and provide a rationale for our special issue on this topic. We also present a summary of the papers contained in the special issue, highlighting research questions, theories, data and methods, and principal findings and conclusions. We conclude by outlining a research agenda on UIEEs, focusing on multilevel research on agents, institutions, and regions across context, process, and impact of such ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces computer vision models for image analysis in advertising research. It reviews the literature in social science and computer science and identifies three categories and nine types of image analysis. The study uses these categories and types as a framework to select 12 computer vision models and compare them on their capability, accuracy, availability, and usability. Nine models are single-functional models, and three are multi-functional models; all 12 have been used in advertising research. The study also demonstrates how two models are used to classify a sample of image ads and assess the aesthetic scores of these ads to answer the research question about the relationship between content categories and aesthetic scores in image ads. It outlines several key steps for the use of computer vision models in advertising research and proposes future research directions. The study can serve as a guide to advertising researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's "war for talent," effectively managing the salesperson lifecycle is more crucial than ever. This process, which encompasses hiring, onboarding, managing, developing, retaining, and terminating salespeople, is fraught with many challenges that have been neglected by academic research. This special issue helps to close the prevailing research gaps through six high-quality articles about salesperson lifecycle management, answering important research questions related to the stages of hiring, onboarding, managing, and retaining. In addition, this editorial outlines key managerial challenges and emerging research priorities, laying the foundation for future research on salesperson lifecycle management. It also presents the results of a survey conducted with sales managers, confirming the challenges they face and the importance of the proposed research priorities. Future articles can draw on these statistics to find and motivate research topics worthy of investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomistic simulations often rely on interatomic potentials to access greater time and length scales than those accessible to first-principles methods, such as density functional theory. However, since a parameterized potential typically cannot reproduce the true potential energy surface of a given system, we should expect a decrease in accuracy and increase in error in quantities of interest calculated from these simulations. Quantifying the uncertainty on the outputs of atomistic simulations is thus an important, necessary step so that there is confidence in the results and available metrics to explore improvements in said simulations. Here, we address this research question by forming ensembles of atomic cluster expansion potentials, and using conformal prediction with ab initio training data to provide meaningful, calibrated error bars on several quantities of interest for silicon: the bulk modulus, elastic constants, relaxed vacancy formation energy, and the vacancy migration barrier. We evaluate the effects on uncertainty bounds using a range of different potentials and training sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Looking back at 50 years of Journal of Consumer Research methods and interviewing some of the field's most respected methodologists, this article seeks to craft a core set of best practices for scholars in consumer research. From perennial issues like conceptual validity to emerging issues like data integrity and replicability, the advice offered by our experts can help scholars improve the way they approach their research questions, provide empirical evidence that instills confidence, use new tools to make research more inclusive or descriptive of the "real world," and seek to become thought leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Advances in hierarchical modeling have improved estimation of ecological parameters from count data, especially those quantifying population abundance, distribution, and dynamics by explicitly accounting for observation processes, particularly incomplete detection. Even hierarchical models that account for incomplete detection, however, cannot compensate for data limitations stemming from poorly planned sampling. Ecologists therefore need guidance for planning count‐based studies that follow established sampling theory, collect appropriate data, and apply current modeling approaches to answer their research questions. We synthesize available literature relevant to guiding count‐based studies. Considering the central historical and ongoing contributions of avian studies to ecological knowledge, we focus on birds as a case study for this review, but the basic principles apply to all populations whose members are sufficiently observable to be counted. The sequence of our review represents the thought process in which we encourage ecologists to engage 1) the research question(s) and population parameters to measure, 2) sampling design, 3) analytical framework, 4) temporal design, and 5) survey protocol. We also provide 2 hypothetical demonstrations of these study plan components representing different research questions and study systems. Mirroring the structure of hierarchical models, we suggest researchers primarily focus on the ecological processes of interest when designing their approach to sampling, and wait to consider logistical constraints of data collection and observation processes when developing the survey protocol. We offer a broad framework for researchers planning count‐based studies, while pointing to relevant literature elaborating on particular tools and concepts.

For an e-hailing taxi operation, we analyse a driver's profit-maximising reactive strategy (to either accept or refuse a ride request) in response to the ride request broadcast by the platform. We analyse four operating modes, each of which is a combination of either of two reactive strategies: no refusal and refusal based on proximity, and either of two broadcasting methods. In an operating mode, our objective is to evaluate the expected total profit in a shift. We adopt a two-stage methodology to answer the research questions. In the first stage, we develop an agent-based simulation model to capture the effect of multiple taxis on driver's reactive strategy. Using real trip data, we find that a driver could follow a strategy of refusal based on proximity and earn approximately 25% more than the baseline no refusal strategy. In the second stage, we develop an approximate analytical model for a single taxi operation and compare the performance against the agent-based simulation model. We develop closed-form expressions of the expected total profit for each operating mode and topology of the service region. We find that our approximate analytical model provides an upper bound, and the profit deviation lies within 20% of the agent-based simulation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the lay appeal of the Net Promoter Score (NPS) is undeniable, scholars have noted concerns over its use based on conceptual and empirical grounds. We address these concerns through an examination of three research questions: (1) To what extent do NPS responses correspond to actual word-of-mouth behaviors? (2) Do NPS responses exhibit measurement invariance across key demographic groupings? (3) How well does NPS perform (as opposed to customer satisfaction scores) as a predictor of financial performance? Study results show that NPS scores correspond to reported word-of-mouth exposure for most, but not all, product categories; NPS responses are invariant across demographic groupings; and that when examined separately, both customer satisfaction and NPS are significant predictors of differences in financial performance, but customer satisfaction explains slightly more variance. We discuss the managerial and theoretical implications arising from these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes the published intervention studies aimed to enhance creativity in education through visual art teaching. The main research question concerns the effectiveness of educational programs that use the teaching of visual arts to enhance creativity. In addition, the meta-analysis aims to examine whether: the chronology of the selected studies, the age of the participants, the art forms used in the interventions (visual only vs visual mixed with other art forms), and the total duration, are related to the effectiveness of the programs. The present meta-analysis study synthesized effect sizes obtained from 22 different studies, which concerned either interventions exclusively with visual arts or interventions in which visual arts were combined with other art forms. The results confirm the existing literature, arguing that engaging in the visual arts could act as an effective means of fostering creativity at all levels of education since a moderate statistically significant pooled effect size was found. Only the duration of the interventions was found to have a significant negative impact on effect sizes, while the effectiveness of the programs was not significantly affected by the other three potential moderators. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although variation in effect sizes and predicted values among studies of similar phenomena is inevitable, such variation far exceeds what might be produced by sampling error alone. One possible explanation for variation among results is differences among researchers in the decisions they make regarding statistical analyses. A growing array of studies has explored this analytical variability in different fields and has found substantial variability among results despite analysts having the same data and research question. Many of these studies have been in the social sciences, but one small "many analyst" study found similar variability in ecology. We expanded the scope of this prior work by implementing a large-scale empirical exploration of the variation in effect sizes and model predictions generated by the analytical decisions of different researchers in ecology and evolutionary biology. We used two unpublished datasets, one from evolutionary ecology (blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus, to compare sibling number and nestling growth) and one from conservation ecology (Eucalyptus, to compare grass cover and tree seedling recruitment). The project leaders recruited 174 analyst teams, comprising 246 analysts, to investigate the answers to prespecified research questions. Analyses conducted by these teams yielded 141 usable effects (compatible with our meta-analyses and with all necessary information provided) for the blue tit dataset, and 85 usable effects for the Eucalyptus dataset. We found substantial heterogeneity among results for both datasets, although the patterns of variation differed between them. For the blue tit analyses, the average effect was convincingly negative, with less growth for nestlings living with more siblings, but there was near continuous variation in effect size from large negative effects to effects near zero, and even effects crossing the traditional threshold of statistical significance in the opposite direction. In contrast, the average relationship between grass cover and Eucalyptus seedling number was only slightly negative and not convincingly different from zero, and most effects ranged from weakly negative to weakly positive, with about a third of effects crossing the traditional threshold of significance in one direction or the other. However, there were also several striking outliers in the Eucalyptus dataset, with effects far from zero. For both datasets, we found substantial variation in the variable selection and random effects structures among analyses, as well as in the ratings of the analytical methods by peer reviewers, but we found no strong relationship between any of these and deviation from the meta-analytic mean. In other words, analyses with results that were far from the mean were no more or less likely to have dissimilar variable sets, use random effects in their models, or receive poor peer reviews than those analyses that found results that were close to the mean. The existence of substantial variability among analysis outcomes raises important questions about how ecologists and evolutionary biologists should interpret published results, and how they should conduct analyses in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: DNA methylation (DNAm) provides a window to characterize the impacts of environmental exposures and the biological aging process. Epigenetic clocks are often trained on DNAm using penalized regression of CpG sites, but recent evidence suggests potential benefits of training epigenetic predictors on principal components. Methodology/findings: We developed a pipeline to simultaneously train three epigenetic predictors; a traditional CpG Clock, a PCA Clock, and a SuperLearner PCA Clock (SL PCA). We gathered publicly available DNAm datasets to generate i) a novel childhood epigenetic clock, ii) a reconstructed Hannum adult blood clock, and iii) as a proof of concept, a predictor of polybrominated biphenyl exposure using the three developmental methodologies. We used correlation coefficients and median absolute error to assess fit between predicted and observed measures, as well as agreement between duplicates. The SL PCA clocks improved fit with observed phenotypes relative to the PCA clocks or CpG clocks across several datasets. We found evidence for higher agreement between duplicate samples run on alternate DNAm arrays when using SL PCA clocks relative to traditional methods. Analyses examining associations between relevant exposures and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) produced more precise effect estimates when using predictions derived from SL PCA clocks. Conclusions: We introduce a novel method for the development of DNAm-based predictors that combines the improved reliability conferred by training on principal components with advanced ensemble-based machine learning. Coupling SuperLearner with PCA in the predictor development process may be especially relevant for studies with longitudinal designs utilizing multiple array types, as well as for the development of predictors of more complex phenotypic traits. Author summary: DNA methylation functions as a vital interface between genes and environment. A wide range of epigenetic predictors have harnessed DNA methylation data to address a variety of research questions including improving our understanding of the biological aging process and characterizing past exposure to environmental toxins. However, the methodology used to develop most existing epigenetic predictors is subject to several limitations including the influence of technical variables, batch effects, and difficulty modeling complex relationships between the variable of interest and DNA methylation. Here, we introduce a novel method for the development of epigenetic predictors that combines the improved reliability conferred by training on principal components with advanced ensemble-based machine learning. We demonstrate the potential benefits of this novel procedure by developing a novel childhood epigenetic clock, reconstructing the Hannum clock, and producing a predictor of polybrominated biphenyl exposure. This novel training methodology may be especially relevant for the development of epigenetic predictors of complex phenotypic traits, which often suffer from poor performance using the traditional development methodology, and for the improvement of the reliability of epigenetic clocks for studies with longitudinal designs utilizing multiple array types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the multifaceted ways local communities in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia perceive the occupation of handicrafts. How the local community (in a socio-cultural context) views the occupation of handcraft is the central research question of this paper. Qualitative research approaches are utilized to collect data. Specifically, observation and interviews with handicraft workers, religious leaders, and non-handicraft workers are used to collect feasible facts for this paper. The study reveals intricate views shaped by socio-cultural contexts, traditions, and lived experiences about handicraft occupation. The local community prevails positive links between handicraft materials and cultural heritage and artistic expression, whereas negative stereotypes and mythical beliefs and stories impact social standing and career choices in handicraft occupation. The paper argues for a nuanced understanding of community perceptions of how handicraft occupation affects the lives of handicraft workers and the opportunities of handicraft occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of electrocardiography (ECG) in predicting mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been sufficiently established. Research question: Is a normal ECG associated with a better prognosis than an abnormal ECG in patients with COPD? ECG parameters were assessed in patients enrolled in the Czech Multicenter Research Database of COPD. We assessed ECGs from baseline (August 2013) until December 31, 2019, or until death. The primary endpoint was 5-year overall survival depending on the ECG findings. A total of 300 subjects were enrolled in the study and 143 died during follow-up. This multicenter noninterventional observational prospective study revealed a significant difference in 5-year overall survival between COPD patients with normal ECGs and those with prognostically significant or other ECG abnormalities (76.8%, 38.2%, and 63.4%, respectively; P < 0.001). Patients with prognostically significant ECG abnormalities had a 2.537-fold greater mortality risk at 5 years than those with normal ECGs. In the COPD setting, patients with normal ECGs had a better prognosis than those with prognostically significant abnormalities suggesting that ECG may be a valuable tool for predicting mortality risk in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has opened new avenues across various fields, including cybersecurity, which faces an evolving threat landscape and demand for innovative technologies. Despite initial explorations into the application of LLMs in cybersecurity, there is a lack of a comprehensive overview of this research area. This paper addresses this gap by providing a systematic literature review, covering the analysis of over 300 works, encompassing 25 LLMs and more than 10 downstream scenarios. Our comprehensive overview addresses three key research questions: the construction of cybersecurity-oriented LLMs, the application of LLMs to various cybersecurity tasks, the challenges and further research in this area. This study aims to shed light on the extensive potential of LLMs in enhancing cybersecurity practices and serve as a valuable resource for applying LLMs in this field. We also maintain and regularly update a list of practical guides on LLMs for cybersecurity at https://github.com/tmylla/Awesome-LLM4Cybersecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comorbidity networks have become a valuable tool to support data-driven biomedical research. Yet, studies often are severely hindered by the availability of the necessary comprehensive data, often due to the sensitivity of health care information. This study presents a population-wide comorbidity network dataset derived from 45 million hospital stays of 8.9 million patients over 17 years in Austria. We present co-occurrence networks of hospital diagnoses, stratified by age, sex, and observation period in a total of 96 different subgroups. For each of these groups we report a range of association measures (e.g., count data, and odds ratios) for all pairs of diagnoses. The dataset provides the possibility to researchers to create their own, tailor-made comorbidity networks from real patient data that can be used as a starting point in quantitative and machine learning methods. This data platform is intended to lead to deeper insights into a wide range of epidemiological, public health, and biomedical research questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of pole position in seated shot put has been a key research question both in the previous literature and for coaches in the field. The aims of this research were to understand the dynamics of seated shot put and to investigate the impact of changing pole grip height on trunk parameters. Three grip heights are compared: the athlete's standard grip, 75 mm higher than standard, and 75 mm lower than standard, to determine which grip produced greater angular velocity and power at the trunk. In addition, a post-analysis intervention was implemented following this investigation where the athlete completed four weeks of training (8 sessions) with a grip height that was indicated to be superior. The trunk was found to provide the largest contribution to the movement, with a 64% of the total velocity contribution. A lower grip height was found to generate greater power and velocity in trunk rotation and flexion when compared to higher grip heights. When assessed over the intervention period, the lower grip height showed an increased rate of improvement throughout, and a performance advantage over the standard grip after just four sessions. This research demonstrates that pole grip height can impact athlete biomechanical parameters and may improve overall performance given sufficient time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-commensalism has been used to broadly describe interactions in which non-human partners benefit from tight associations with humans and their environments. Human-commensal status has often been intuitively assigned, and the term has been applied without first being clearly defined. This has led to inconsistencies in application across different fields and confusion with other ecologically distinct descriptors of human association. We propose a clear definition of human-commensalism rooted within an ecological and evolutionary framework. Such framing enables exploration of the potential origins of human-commensalism and has implications for the study of biogeography and demography, the pace and form of adaptation to an anthropogenic niche, and predictions of future evolutionary change in response to anthropogenic pressures. Human-commensalism has been intuitively characterised as an interspecific interaction whereby non-human individuals benefit from tight associations with anthropogenic environments. However, a clear definition of human-commensalism, rooted within an ecological and evolutionary framework, has yet to be proposed. Here, we define human-commensalism as a population-level dependence on anthropogenic resources, associated with genetic differentiation from the ancestral, non-commensal form. Such a definition helps us to understand the origins of human-commensalism and the pace and form of adaptation to anthropogenic niches, and may enable the prediction of future evolution in an increasingly human-modified world. Our discussion encourages greater consideration of the spatial and temporal complexity in anthropogenic niches, promoting a nuanced consideration of human-commensal populations when formulating research questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rubrics play a crucial role in shaping educational assessment, providing clear criteria for both teaching and learning. The advent of online rubric platforms has the potential to significantly enhance the effectiveness of rubrics in educational contexts, offering innovative features for assessment and feedback through the creation of erubrics. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 19 online rubric platforms structured around five research questions (RQs) examining the general platform features, rubric design features, rubric implementation features, identifying the stronger online rubric platforms available, and investigating if the platforms support the creation and implementation of erubrics. Our analysis of the design features revealed varying levels of customisation and flexibility across platforms, crucial for effective assessment. Regarding implementation features, we found a mix of online and offline capabilities, with a limited number of platforms offering more advanced features (e.g. collaborative options). Through a detailed scoring system, we identify the platforms that lead innovation in design and implementation. Unfortunately, the vast majority of platforms do not support features for the creation of erubrics. We provide a detailed list of implementation recommendations for teachers, researchers, and platform designers (Appendix F). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a leading qualitative researcher, Norman Denzin advocated for a bigger tent to expand and deepen qualitative inquiry. The "tent" metaphor has therefore been used by scholars to advocate for considerations of diverse options around philosophies of inquiry. With the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI), researchers face additional options around research decisions, philosophically, practically and ethically. Researchers table numerous research questions around AI, given its rapid uptake. These include re-visiting the established notions of human-centered coding, as well as exploring the potential of AI coding, within these notions. There is therefore room to expand "the tent" to delineate 1) the specific use of AI within qualitative data analysis, specifically AI coding, which is now an established function within bespoke qualitative data analysis software (QDAS). Additionally, with AI providing a stream of independent coding, 2) researchers may well deliberate the need for multiple, second or independent coders. This paper responds to this two-fold aim of the study using action research that involved researchers doing coding and using independent coding, in tandem with AI. The contribution of the paper is an outline of these action steps, reflectively culminating in a practical framework. This may be used by researchers, both curious and confident, in seeking novel ways to broaden the scope of their coding practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces a novel method to map party systems over time, addressing the challenge of assigning comprehensive spatial ideological scores to coalitions, parties, and independents. Combining public opinion polls, manifesto analysis, and expert surveys, this method evaluates fixed and variable standard deviation models to score distinct 4,157 electoral lists from 5,195 district-level elections across 27 elections in 12 Chilean electoral systems. It proposes a synthetic data approach to simulate party positions within political family constraints, producing a high-density region map and a political lineage chart that visualize ideological evolution over time. Robustness checks, including diagnostics with controlled random noise and variance adjustments, confirm the reliability of these results. Key findings reveal an earlier-than-expected trend of fragmentation, a leftward drift among left-leaning parties, and an asymmetrical party system where fragmentation affects the left while polarization intensifies on the right. This study underscores the importance of expanding within-system estimators to enhance reliability and concludes with research questions that the resulting dataset can address. These include constituency-level shifts in ideological positioning, fragmentation linked to specific institutional reforms, and the dynamics of localized polarization within multiparty systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge systems are embedded in sets of values, worldviews, and cosmologies that affect the whole process of knowledge production. Employing an ethnographic method that integrates participant observation, interviews, and focus groups, I explore the contributions, ideas, points of view, and metaphors that individuals of Indigenous origins introduce to the scientific method when they enter Western scientific knowledge systems. This ethnographic exploration focuses on a group of students with a variety of Indigenous backgrounds participating in a field course on introduction to Ecology. Native-born students contribute innovations to the knowledge production process by shaping research questions, methodologies, and result interpretations. These innovations stem from diverse worldviews and epistemologies, and while they could significantly impact scientific knowledge production, the students may not fully appreciate their own relevance. This work may serve as a testimony of the processes of reflection and negotiation with the scientific methods, practices, and values that native students undergo when participating in a Western scientific context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: The study investigated the relationship between the L2 grit, domain-general grit, foreign language enjoyment (FLE), multilingualism, and self-reported literacy achievement of students learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in public upper-secondary schools in Norway. Specifically, the study sought to identify predictors of students' EFL reading and writing achievement and examine the moderating effect of multilingualism on the relationship between L2 grit, FLE, and such achievement. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected through an online questionnaire. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 181 upper-secondary school students learning EFL in southeastern Norway (one participant's responses were discarded because they were incomplete). Data and Analysis: Paired and independent sample t -tests and moderated multiple regression were used to analyse the collected data. Findings/Conclusions: The study found that the perseverance component of L2 grit and daily language use (one of two aspects of multilingualism used in the study) positively predicted both reading and writing achievement (the consistency of interest component of L2 grit only positively predicted writing achievement). In addition, daily language use was found to negatively moderate the relationship between the perseverance component of L2 grit and reading and writing achievement, with the moderating effect dissipating as additional languages were used daily. Originality: The study is among the first to explore the interplay between grit and multilingualism in the Nordic region and examine the relationship between multilingualism, grit, FLE, and achievement globally. Significance/Implications: The study's findings underscore the need for researchers to develop and use more comprehensive multidimensional measures of multilingualism when investigating its effects on language learning in formal contexts, design scales for grit that target specific language skills, and broaden grit-related research to cover the learning of multiple language and non-language subjects concurrently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose and research question: This review investigates the influence of the foreign language effect (FLE) on moral decision-making, risk aversion, and causality perception. Recent research indicates that bilinguals employ different decision-making strategies according to the language in use (first vs. second language). Methodology: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, we conducted a comprehensive literature review. Our analysis focused on empirical studies, yielding 28 articles that met our inclusion criteria. Findings and conclusions: Our findings reveal that participants, when operating in a foreign language context, are more inclined to accept harm for improved outcomes, exhibit reduced risk aversion, and display moderated causal perceptions, particularly in emotionally charged contexts. The variability in study conclusions can be attributed to factors such as age, personality, language proficiency, and linguistic characteristics. Significance: Our results support previous findings in the FLE, highlight limitations, and provide suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scoping review methodology is an accessible knowledge synthesis research method for counseling researchers that has the potential to significantly impact the counseling research ecosystem. Scoping reviews can be mobilized to analyze a body of academic literature in order to map concepts, develop critical research questions, and focus research efforts. Learning how to conduct scoping reviews can facilitate counseling researchers' emergent scholarly interests and agendas. This research guideline aims to introduce scoping review methodology to the counseling profession, present key methodological steps and considerations for counseling researchers, and share lessons learned from previous team-based scoping review studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sociological approaches to digital and community-engaged research experienced significant innovation in recent years. This article examines developing and implementing a primarily virtual community-driven research (CDR) project with the National Survivors Union, the American national drug-users union, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Relationships between researchers and directly impacted people, such as people who use drugs, face many barriers. These issues were exacerbated during COVID-19 when in-person research decreased while drug-related harms increased. In response, this project modified the CDR model for drug-use research. The CDR model is particularly beneficial for studies with marginalized populations who may mistrust researchers. In CDR, impacted community members are fundamental project drivers. This project's data are based on 29 months of weekly group meetings in National Survivors Union online spaces, group and individual text conversations, phone calls, and shared-document group work. The project co-developed methods for CDR with directly impacted people, including community-initiated research questions, low-threshold methods, collaborative writing strategies, coauthorship practices foregrounding directly impacted perspectives, and multiple dissemination forms. Modified CDR expands sociological methods for digital research, citizen science, and community-engaged research with vulnerable, criminalized groups. This approach may aid inclusive, innovative sociological scholarship and effective public health policy for reducing morbidity and mortality during multiple crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on 20 semi-structured interviews with high school students in elite schools in Israel, this article examines two key research questions: How do students in elite high schools define and experience their identity? Do these identities contribute to the production and maintenance of privilege, and if so, how? To examine these questions, we relied on theoretical and empirical reports suggesting privilege to be examined as identity. The study's main findings are organised around four themes that express the elite identity or the privileged habitus of the students: three unique characteristics of the students' sense of entitlement; pragmatism; a sense of best place; and apoliticism, which grant a sense of invisibility. The Discussion analyzes these characteristics as components of identity that reveal how class privilege operates and is enacted. Moreover, the Discussion describes how elite identity and its features serve as a mechanism for constructing and maintaining social inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded project to create culturally responsive curriculum that uses critical spatial thinking and geospatial technologies to address spatial justice in urban neighborhoods, students from a predominantly African American inner-city public high school in Toledo, Ohio participated in two summer workshops in 2015 and 2016. Using a range of data sources including sketch maps, interviews, and neighborhood-based student projects, this paper addresses two research questions: (a) How did students' spatial narratives of their community change as a result of using a culturally responsive teaching approach to explore neighborhood challenges? (b) How does a culturally responsive teaching approach and a critical geography perspective support spatial justice among youth? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each year the editorial team of the American Journal of Health Promotion selects our "Best of the Year List" of health promotion studies from the prior year. This editorial features the Editor's Picks Awards, the Editor in Chief Awards, the Michael P. O'Donnell Award and the Dorothy Nyswander Award for the best research and writing published in 2024 in this journal. Our criteria for selection includes: whether the study addresses a topic of timely importance in health promotion, the research question is clearly stated and the study methods used are well executed; whether the paper is often cited and downloaded; if the study findings offer a unique contribution to the literature; and if the paper is well-written and enjoyable to read. Awardees in 2024 offered new insights into research methods, the impact of COVID-19 on individuals and groups, brain health and mental health assessment, climate change perceptions and the role of diversity, equity and inclusion in advancing employee health. This "best of 2024 list" featured studies based in health systems, workplaces and communities and includes case studies and qualitative and quantitative research methods that enabled researchers to better explain what amplifies or hampers well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese banks have been building an extensive network of branches and subsidiaries across the European Union, which they govern from their European headquarters in Luxembourg. This striking observation guides this paper's research questions: Why do Chinese banks create such branch-cum-subsidiary structures across the EU, and why do they do it in Luxembourg? The paper dissects forensically these financial structures and mechanisms forged through the co-design of Luxembourg's legal-business environment and Chinese banks' internationalization strategies. We argue that Chinese banks facilitate Chinese FDI, and that this function determines the particular branch-cum-subsidiary structure of Chinese banks in the EU. It is a unique feature impossible to establish outside the EU. Chinese state-owned banks in Luxembourg are thus important, yet analytically widely neglected actors in the formation of global financial networks (GFNs). This research is particularly significant when considering the intensifying integration of the emerging Chinese market into global finance and, in particular, into the EU banking union. Empirical findings suggest that Chinese banks in Luxembourg use the specific branch-cum-subsidiary structures to (i) finance both their large Chinese and European corporate clients, which (ii) allows Chinese banks to circumvent specific regulatory and operational constraints in other EU member states, especially when (iii) serving Chinese corporations in their FDI to the EU. The internationalizing Chinese bank networks in the EU can thus be defined as FDI-oriented by legal and strategic design. This research highlights their constituent features and the resulting capabilities of GFNs that affect regional investment activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

10.1119/5.0228859.1 We present a fictional scenario that, while undeniably whimsical, provides the foundation for a unique exercise in extended problem solving, physics analysis, and quantitative model development. Starting with the foundational premise of the Wild Cards shared-world superhero universe, we demonstrate how a variety of concepts appropriate to the advanced undergraduate level—ergodicity, functional analysis, Lagrangian mechanics, and the ever-important simplifying approximation—can be combined into a rich, coherent mathematical model. The goal of this case study is to develop a useful pedagogical exercise in exploring an open-ended research question that presents, at first glance, no clear path forward. Being both eclectic and lengthy, this exercise offers a unique way for students to apply their core physics and mathematics education. It is perhaps best used within a senior honors seminar or within a brief (e.g., January term) elective class. Editor's Note: Looking for a new way to engage your students' imagination, encourage their exploration and curiosity around open-ended physics research questions, and help them find new ways to understand their life, their studies, and their careers through the power of science fiction? If so, these authors (of both this article and some of the Wild Cards science fiction series) have an idea that might interest you: a mathematical study of a fictional super hero universe where an extraterrestrial pathogen—the "wild card" virus—causes death most of the time, physical mutation some of the time, and superhuman abilities in rare cases. This long-term project might serve as a recurring theme over a semester in a related course, as an honors seminar, or as a fun elective during a brief term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is under-researched in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). There is a pressing need to establish a research agenda that is aligned with Te Tiriti o Waitangi and relevant to both stakeholders and end-users, to improve the outcomes and support for people affected by FASD. We conducted hui and interviews to identify consensus on research priorities among key stakeholders for FASD in NZ, including whānau and caregivers, health care workers, educators, academics and clinicians. The hui focused on three main topics: prevention; assessment and diagnosis; and intervention. Hui transcripts were analysed to identify priorities. Once the research questions or priorities were identified we sent a follow-up survey to participants asking them to rate each research question on their importance and relevance. Four hui and ten interviews (n = 52) were conducted across the North Island between April and July 2021. We identified 20 research priorities from the hui and interviews. Based on participant feedback (n = 18), the most important and relevant priority was: 'What can we do to encourage success for people with FASD throughout their lives?'. The priorities identified through the workshops and hui will be valuable in guiding future research and policies relating to FASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Western and non-Western countries have experience increased reliance on probation services. However, prior research indicates that high job demands and ambiguous role responsibilities invoke feelings of stress and suggest the importance of understanding the relationship between stress and burnout and turnover. While past efforts largely focused on correctional officers (COs), less is known about how probation officers (POs) experience burnout and how organizational attributes may influence this relationship. Using survey data of federal POs (N = 80) across eight offices in a southern state, the current study examines the influence of individual characteristics and organizational attributes in predicting burnout and turnover intent. To answer our research questions, we perform a series of linear regression models. Findings suggest the importance of affective commitment for reducing POs' feelings of burnout and turnover intent. Implications of these findings and directions of future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research questions the relevance of the collective efficacy, citizen security, and broken windows theories in a Guadalajara neighborhood dominated by organized crime. Risk factors and perceptions of security were explored through observation, surveys, focus groups, collective mapping, and interviews with residents, police, and the coordinators of projects to coproduce security. Class barriers, the neighborhood's layout, and fear provoked by the plaza that controls the local drug trade were identified as conditions that facilitate crime. However, isolated actions to coproduce security were also detected. Findings lead to reflections on how leading crime prevention theories should be adapted in such contexts, as well as the risks involved in coproducing and researching security in areas controlled by organized crime groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper systematically reviews the financial system's computer security risks associated with information theft. The objective is to explore the security risks and their implications concerning information theft in the economic system. Three research questions were formulated to identify these risks, their nature, and potential consequences to achieve this objective. Fifty-five articles obtained from reliable databases linked to both study variables were analyzed using the PRISMA methodology. To ensure the validity and reliability of the information, various filters were applied, such as year, keywords, and elimination of duplicate articles. In addition, an exhaustive reading of the content of each article was carried out, organizing all the information through a systematization matrix. After a thorough review of the research articles, mostly written in English and representing 34.55% of the total in 2023, risks associated with the financial sector were identified, including malware, ransomware, phishing, distributed denial of service (DDoS), hybrid XSS, eavesdropping, and social engineering. Geographically, India leads with 14.55% of the articles, followed by South Korea and the United States, with 12.72% each, while the other countries have lower percentages. In conclusion, these risks coincide with previous research and the consequences they generate, highlighting the importance of this type of study for the basis of scientific research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is global challenge and decarbonisation becomes top agenda for manufacturing firms. As it is generally recognized that only the measured get managed, an understanding and measuring of the Product Carbon Footprint (PCF) is now needed. International standards have provided the basic steps for carbon footprint measurement, yet, in practice, there is knowledge insufficiency and high cost. This paper aims to answer the research question: 'How can companies conduct PCF measurement projects effectively?'. This research adopts the qualitative method with multiple case studies. Data is collected through interviews with operation managers and the sustainability specialists of nine manufacturing companies, with a focus on the motivation and details of activities relating to their PCF measurement projects. Through within-case and cross-case analysis, a process model is proposed alongside the identification of three types of PCF, trial-oriented, process-oriented, and market-oriented PCF. A series of tailored measurement process models are further developed according to the PCF scenarios. The holistic process model contributes to the understanding of a PCF measurement that is based on empirical evidence. Practically, the process model can serve as a 'cookbook' to implement PCF measurement projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Performing rework within the production system of construction is the most expensive waste that confronts organisations, with its causation yet to be fully understood in practice. Any effort to assess the risk of rework poses challenges due to limited information about its frequency and causes, rendering the use of statistical models immeasurable. Research has shown that fast-and-frugal heuristics enable epistemic success under conditions of uncertainty and cognitive complexity – they are accurate, fast, and rely on limited information. Thus, this paper proposes the following research question: How can fast-and-frugal heuristics effectively assess the uncertainty of rework in construction? The theoretical framing of ecological rationality provides an environmental structure for bounded rationality to explore this question, enabling a person's 'adaptive toolbox' of fast-and-frugal heuristics tailored for different epistemic and pragmatic decisions to be utilised. Situations during the construction of a transport infrastructure mega-project (>AU$18 billion) where there was profound uncertainty surrounding rework are presented. The heuristics, intuitively drawn from an individual's adaptive toolbox used to form judgments to assess the uncertainty of rework, are identified. The theoretical and practical implications of the paper are discussed before presenting suggestions for future research to help build a robust adaptive toolbox to be utilised for assessing the uncertainty of rework in construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research question: It is generally agreed upon that deliberate planning is needed to achieve pre-determined positive outcomes from sport events (i.e. event leveraging). There is less consensus around the specific strategies that should be used to achieve such outcomes, and ownership of such strategies. A largely conceptual suggestion has been made that both top-down and bottom-up stakeholders should be involved in event leveraging. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the (mis)alignment of top-down and bottom-up stakeholders' event leveraging objectives and how this (mis)alignment relates to objective achievement. Research methods: In the context of the city of Leuven (Belgium), and the 2021 UCI Road World Championships, a case study methodology was employed with three phases of data collection and analysis of (1) top-down stakeholder documents; (2) semi-structured interviews with bottom-up stakeholders (n = 8); and (3) online questionnaires with residents (n = 3662). Results and findings: We found alignment for only one top-down and bottom-up objective (i.e. promote cycling as a means of active transportation), which was found to be achieved through examining residents' use of cycling for groceries. The remaining objectives were not aligned, and therefore were not fully met or sustained as indicated through resident opinion and behaviour. Implications: The findings provide empirical support for previous conceptual notions that both top-down and bottom-up strategies to event leveraging are needed. Future research can help support leveraging sport events by working with both top-down and bottom-up stakeholders prior to hosting to help facilitate objective alignment, and foster relationships to maximize outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research question: The present study analyses an emerging market (EM) football club and its internationalisation strategy, seeking to understand its motivations, perceived competitive advantages, strategies and targets. In doing so, we highlight differences from major European clubs' strategies. Research methods: An in-depth case study was conducted with Flamengo, the wealthiest and most popular Brazilian football club. As sources of information, we counted on four formal in-depth interviews; observation, and informal interactions during 123 meetings with different actors; and 1,527 pages of secondary data, all duly coded and triangulated. Results and findings: EM clubs' internationalisation strategies seem to be influenced by their outsider position in the central network of clubs and leagues. Such outsidership influences the advantages they choose to exploit, their strategies, and market selection. Implications: This study contributes to filling literature gaps with direct practical implications regarding (1) multi-club ownership, understudied as a mode of internationalisation; (2) the internationalisation process of EM football clubs, to date unexplored; and (3) the comparison of the Latin American/EM club model to the mainstream European club mode of management and internationalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research questions: What are differential framing effects of promotional messages on participants' prosocial behavioral intentions in the context of charity running events? Do content richness and plight information play a moderating role? Research methods: In the first experiment, the authors employed a 2 (message frame: positive vs. negative) x 2 (content richness: rich vs. non-rich) between-subjects design to examine the effects of CRE message frames and richness on prosocial behavioral intentions. In the second experiment, the authors employed a 2 (message frame: positive vs. negative) x 2 (plight information: high vs. low) between-subjects design. The authors recruited two hundred and twenty-three participants (N = 223) for experiment 1 and recruited two hundred twelve (N = 212) participants for experiment 2 via Mturk with compensation of $.75 USD for completing the study. Results and findings: The results of the first experiment indicated the negatively framed advertising appeal elicited greater prosocial behavioral intentions. In the rich content condition, the negative (vs. positive) frame has a stronger positive effect on behavioral intentions than in the non-rich condition. The second experiment further validated the impact of the negative framing in charity advertising in the low plight condition. Implications: The findings of the current study contribute to the charity sport event literature and provide important insights for managers when promoting their cause-related events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research question: The purpose of this scoping review is to explore the extant literature devoted to elite athlete activism, advocacy, and protest. Three research questions guided the study: (1) How has sports activism, advocacy and protest been covered in the literature? (2) What themes and topics are covered in the elite sport activism/advocacy/protest literature? (3) What are the research gaps in the athlete activism/advocacy/protest literature that could be organised in a future research agenda? Research methods: We conducted a scoping review of 151 studies, primarily sourced from four databases. Results and Findings: Attempts by elite athletes to bring about social and political change are increasingly visible and relevant in sport management. There has also been a commensurate proliferation of academic studies on this topic within research. However, there is no systematic review and integration of this scholarship to structure this topic. Results show that most research is American and focuses on a small number of highly publicised events. Results also highlight the interdisciplinary nature of the topic. More problematically, the terms activism, advocacy and protest are used inconsistently. Implications: This study helps researchers, practitioners, and policy makers to better understand the range of issues associated with elite athlete activism, advocacy, and protest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research question: The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors affecting broadcasters' choice of matches and audience viewership of live Chinese Super League (CSL) matches. Research methods: Data came from 720 matches spanning 2017–2019, with 122 selected for CCTV5 telecasts. Broadcasters' match selections and TV ratings were regressed on antecedent factors of the demand for televised CSL matches. Results and findings: The broadcaster selection model showed broadcasters' preferences for higher outcome uncertainty, higher athlete salaries, higher league standings, and teams contending for the CSL Championship. The viewership model indicated higher TV ratings for matches with larger fan bases, higher athlete salaries, higher-ranked teams, and those held on weekends or at night. Implications: This study expands football media demand research and is one of the few to explore match selection and viewership factors in CSL. It offers practical insights for sport broadcasters and league managers in Asian and global contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research questions: As football fever in China has encouraged youngsters to participate in football activities, the perceived quality of youth football service and players' level of satisfaction are essential to be investigated. Beside the country-of-origin's (COO) moderating effect on perceived service quality in determining satisfaction between two types of academies (local-oriented vs. overseas-oriented) has yet to be examined. Therefore, the COO's moderating effects were examined through a multigroup invariance analysis. Research methods: Data were collected from two youth football academies in China. A measurement scale, specifically designed for youth football participation, was employed to examine the proposed relationships. A multi-group invariance analysis was used to investigate the COO's moderating effect. Results and findings: Seven out of ten hypotheses, among service quality, satisfaction and membership renewal intention were supported. The results from bootstrapping supported the indirect effects of satisfaction in six relationships between service quality and membership renewal intention. The relationship between service quality and satisfaction was partially moderated by the COO. Implications: This study empirically contributes to the understanding of the relationships among service quality, satisfaction and behavioural intention in youth football participation. Practically, strategic implications are provided for practitioners in managing and improving players' football participation experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The grand challenges society faces compel strategy and organization scholars to engage meaningfully with practice and contribute toward solution development. As global complexities escalate, the importance of addressing these challenges intensifies. While the notion of "impact" in organization theory remains elusive, a recent surge in scholarly work highlights the tensions and challenges associated with conducting impact-driven research. In this essay, we reflect on our 15-year program of research into financial responses to disasters, illustrating the process of doing impact through activities of "translating, 'co-creating," and "performing." We show how these activities fostered the emergence of new research questions, new collaborations, and novel impacts. Based on our journey, we generate four reflexive insights. First, translating, co-creating, and performing are an iterative, rather than sequential, process in which these activities partly overlap and build cumulatively on each other. Second, a flexible yet robust impact object is crucial. Third, while co-creation is indispensable, it is also, often, contentious. Finally, impactful research necessitates humility, courage, and persistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the need for comprehensive analytical frameworks or perspectives in mobile money research. It also proposes and develops a conceptual framework utilizing classical and neoclassical perspectives. The interdisciplinary nature of mobile money studies and the need for robust analytical frameworks or perspectives pose a significant challenge to researchers, creating a political‐economic gap in analyzing mobile money. In this case, classical and neoclassical mindsets bridge this gap in mobile money analysis. Moreover, the article also addresses the following research question: How have classical and neoclassical perspectives influenced the emergence and growth of mobile money in Tanzania throughout the past 15 years? The argument posits that implementing and dismantling neoliberal policies have facilitated the introduction and advancement of mobile money, drawing upon classical and neoclassical principles. In‐depth, unstructured interviews and content analysis from relevant and scholarly sources have been used as data collection methods. Thematic analysis has also been used for data analysis. The findings indicate that researchers can rely on classical and neoclassical perspectives to analyze mobile money's advent, growth, and consolidation. The implications are that classical and neoclassical perspectives provide a context and a unit of analysis that can be used to study the political‐economic issues of mobile money and other digital financial innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GLOBICS—Global Consortium of Oral Health Birth Cohort Studies (OHBCS)—is a long-lasting international collaborative research group among existing OHBCS, established in response to the Lancet Series on Oral Health, which pointed out the need to shift the global oral health agenda. This study aimed to identify priority research questions from OHBCS that can be leveraged to improve children's global oral health. A 2-phase online Delphi process sought consensus over research priorities for OHBCS. Participants were identified by mapping existing OHBCS. Fourteen research questions were grouped into 4 thematic areas. A 9-point Likert-type scale was applied. Consensus was achieved if the question had (1) at least 51% of participants scoring a research question as "high priority," (2) an interquartile range of <2.5, and (3) a standard deviation of <1.7 or 75% of responses falling between 2 points above and below the mean score. Forty-four of 114 participants completed the Delphi survey. The 8 research priorities identified included questions about the effect of childhood dental visits on oral health throughout life (n = 2), questions related to sugar consumption and dental caries in childhood and adolescence (n = 4), infant growth and dental diseases (n = 1), and whether socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries are mitigated by fluoride exposure (n = 1). Guided by expert insight, the priorities identified for future OHBCS research should leverage a life course perspective to address knowledge gaps in children's oral health and oral health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computational humor recognition is considered to be one of the hardest tasks in natural language processing (NLP) since humor is such a particularly complex emotion. There are very few recent studies that offer an analysis of certain aspects of computational humor. However, there has been no attempt to study the empirical evidence on computational humor recognition in a systematic way. The aim of this research is to examine computational humor detection from three aspects: datasets, features and algorithms. Therefore, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was carried out to present in detail the computational techniques for humor identification under these aspects. After posing some research questions, a total of 106 primary papers were identified as relevant to the objectives of these questions and further detailed analysis was conducted. The study revealed that there are a great number of publicly available annotated humor datasets with many different types of humor instances. Twenty-one (21) humor features have been carefully studied, and research evidence of their use in humor computational detection is presented. Additionally, a classification of the humor detection approaches was performed, and the results are presented. Finally, the challenges of applying these techniques to humor recognition as well as promising future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research suggests that psychological factors play an important role in trying to explain and predict the participation, performance, and health of player and practitioners in soccer. However, most previous works have focused on specific research questions and included samples from male populations. As part of a larger Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) project aiming to steer women's soccer research, our purpose with this scoping review was to give an overview of the current state of psychology-related research within women's soccer. We searched five electronic databases up to April 2023, from which 280 original peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria. Included records were inductively coded into 75 specific research topics and nine broader research categories. Population characteristics within each topic and category, and overall publication trends, were identified. The results revealed a growth in research attention, with notable increases in publication rates around the international competitions years, over the last two decades. While a notable number of abstracts did not report sufficient details about population age and/or playing levels, senior elite players were identified as the most common population studied. Most studies examined several topics from different research categories, with research focusing on emotions, moods and/or environmental factors, and the specific the topics of anxiety, stress, and coach behavior, receiving most research attention. Our study provides an informative mapping of all psychology-related research activity within women's soccer, which will enhance researchers' understanding of the current quantity of literature within this complex, heterogeneous, and growing area of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]