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For each of (i) arbitrary stochastic reset, (ii) deterministic reset with arbitrary period, (iii) reset at arbitrary constant rate, and then in the sense of either (a) first-order stochastic dominance or (b) expectation (i.e. for each of the six possible combinations of the preceding), those laws of random times are precisely characterized that are rendered no bigger [rendered no smaller; left invariant] by all possible restart laws (within the classes (i), (ii), (iii), as the case may be). Partial results in the same vein for reset with branching are obtained. In particular it is found that deterministic and arbitrary stochastic restart lead to the same characterizations, but this equivalence fails to persist for exponential (constant-rate) reset.

Using a representative sample of credit card holders from a Chinese commercial bank with a 10% credit card market share, we investigate how consumers respond to an unexpected interest rate decrease that automatically reduces interest expenses for all mortgagors in the country and thereby generates significant positive disposable-income shocks. Our difference-in-differences analysis shows that compared with homeowners without mortgage obligations, mortgagors increased their monthly credit card spending by 7.2% after the 230bps mortgage rate reduction announced in September 2008. We find a significant spending response both immediately after the announcement and during the post-reset period. The credit card delinquency rate also decreased after the mortgage rate reset. Subsequent to an interest-rate-increase episode, mortgagors symmetrically reduced their credit card spending. Hand-to-mouth consumers experienced a pronounced spending increase, even among those with a high credit limit, and their response was concentrated in the post-reset period. The debt-service channel plays an important role in transmitting monetary policy—our estimate implies a marginal propensity to consume (MPC) of 0.40-0.51 through credit card spending.

In mid-2020, the World Economic Forum (WEF) announced the Great Reset, an initiative launched to assert, describe, and shape the direction of an epochal transition brought about by the global coronavirus crisis. Rooted in a European tradition of social theory, this article aims to articulate the broader social context of this scenario and pinpoint its implications for management and organization theory. One of these implications is that our fields face a significant risk of co-performing rather than studying the looming “great transformation” from an economy-to a health-dominated society, thus merely replacing one reductionism with another. It follows that what is required are management and organization theories that analyze rather than ride the macro social trends that shape organizations and their environments. The article concludes that if crises are the golden moments of alternative mainstreams, then for those interested in alternatives to the emerging “new normality” the golden moment to develop the next alternative mainstream theories is now.

December 2021 marks the 30th anniversary of the proclamation of Zambia a Christian nation. The leader of the Movement for Multi-party Democracy (MMD) party who came to power in 1991, a convinced Christian F. Chiluba, declared Zambia a Christian nation, arguing that Christianity was then professed by more than 70% of the population and that this was supposed to help the country to get rid of corruption and contribute to its prosperity. The article analyzes the reasons of decision to declare Zambia a Christian nation. It is emphasized that political goals prevailed then over religious ones, since the issue of preserving and strengthening power was high on the political agenda of the ruling MMD party. The economic background is also touched upon: as a pragmatic president Chiluba pursued a policy of economic liberalization and counted on financial assistance from Western countries and international donors. The following Christian presidents L. Mwanawasa, R. Banda and M. Sata used limited Christian rhetoric, but they collaborated with the Church with varying degrees of intensity. At the same time, the provision on the Christian nation in the Constitution was preserved. It is noted that the role of the religious factor in politics increased in the early 2010s. The politicization of religion, primarily Christianity, became apparent during the struggle for power led by the leader of the opposition Patriotic Front party Michael Sata, who was supported by some religious leaders. After Edgar Lungu (party Patriotic Front) came to power in 2015, Zambia was re-proclaimed a Christian nation, which was enshrined in the new edition of the 2016 constitution. At the same time, the country began the political rehabilitation of F. Chiluba, who, after leaving the presidency in 2001, was persecuted for corruption. The campaigns for the 2015 presidential elections and for the 2016 general elections have shown the relevance of the discourse on religion and politics in the political process, primarily in its aspect of the multiple relationships between religion, ethnicity and politics. The article shows that the issue of the proclamation of Zambia a Christian nation remains relevant in Zambian society and among African and Western theologians and researchers whose judgments and conclusions are often polar opposite. The author notes that the realities of the socio-political, socio-economic and cultural life in Zambia do not yet indicate the existence of the declared Christian nation. The high level of corruption, poverty, limited rights of some groups of the population do not correspond to Christian ideals and values and have become serious challenges for the modern Zambian society. The article emphasizes that, unlike a number of other countries south of the Sahara, where competition between Christianity and Islam has intensified in recent years, leading, among other things, to bloody conflicts, Zambia survives this conflict along the axis of competition between different directions of Christianity. The ruling PF’s manifesto for the August 2021 general election contains Christian rhetoric. The document states the PF’s commitment to partnership with the Church, which it recognizes as a key partner in the conversion of Zambians into a Christian nation. Further peaceful development of Zambia depends on a balanced internal policy of the authorities aimed at solving complex socio-economic problems in cooperation with representatives of all religions and their confessions.

In models with endogenous regressors, a standard regression approach is to exploit just-identifying or overidentifying orthogonality conditions by using instrumental variables. In just-identified models, the identifying orthogonality assumptions cannot be tested without the imposition of other nontestable assumptions. While formal testing of overidentifying restrictions is possible, its interpretation still hinges on the validity of an initial set of untestable just-identifying orthogonality conditions. We present the kinkyreg command for kinky least-squares inference, which adopts an alternative approach to identification. By exploiting nonorthogonality conditions in the form of bounds on the admissible degree of endogeneity, feasible test procedures can be constructed that do not require instrumental variables. The kinky least-squares confidence bands can be more informative than confidence intervals obtained from instrumental-variables estimation, especially when the instruments are weak. Moreover, the approach facilitates a sensitivity analysis for standard instrumental-variables inference. In particular, it allows the user to assess the validity of previously untestable just-identifying exclusion restrictions. Further instrument-free tests include linear hypotheses, functional form, heteroskedasticity, and serial correlation tests.

This essay projects how a plague may be transformed into post-infection resilience. Peering into the future after Covid-19 has subsided, global heating and the burgeoning demands of the population ...

Sustainable Development Goal 8, Target 8.6, represents a direct commitment to improving the dramatic labour market situation of young people by substantially reducing the proportion of young people...

Büyük Sıfırlama Covid-19 salgını sonrasında dünya ekonomisini yeniden inşa etme ve kapitalizmi yeniden tasarlama ana fikri etrafında şekillenmektedir. Büyük Sıfırlama yedi ana başlık altında açıklanır. Bunlar; dördüncü sanayi devriminden faydalanma, bölgesel kalkınmayı güçlendirme, küresel işbirliğini canlandırma, sürdürülebilir iş modelleri geliştirme, çevrenin sağlığını iyileştirme, sosyal sözleşmeleri, beceri ve işleri yeniden tasarlama ve ekonomik toparlanmanın şekillendirilmesidir. Büyük Sıfırlama konusunda yapılan açıklamalar genel olarak bu fikri meşrulaştırmaya yoğunlaşmaktadır, ancak bu sıfırlamanın nasıl yapılacağı konusunda net bir yol haritası henüz yayınlanmamıştır. Bu makalede büyük sıfırlamanın bileşenleri incelenecek; makro, mikro ve bireysel sıfırlama açıklanacaktır. Ayrıca erdemli bir kapitalizm türü olarak sunulan paydaş kapitalizminin büyük sıfırlamadaki yeri incelenecek ve büyük sıfırlamaya getirilen eleştiriler değerlendirilecektir. Görüldüğü kadarıyla bu sıfırlama bir kapatıp açma veya yeniden başlatma değildir. Büyük Sıfırlama Covid-19 krizi sırasında yaşanan köklü değişikliklerin tutumlarda, kurumlarda ve tüm ekonomik sistemde ortaya çıkaracağı değişimi anlama ve bu değişimi yönetme çabasıdır., The Great Reset is shaped around the main idea of rebuilding the world economy and redesigning capitalism after the Covid-19 outbreak. The Big Reset is explained under seven main headings. These are; harnessing the fourth industrial revolution, strengthening regional development, revitalizing global cooperation, developing sustainable business models, restoring the health of the environment, redesigning social contracts, skills and jobs, and shaping the economic recovery. Explanations on the Big Reset generally concentrate on legitimizing this idea, but a clear roadmap on how to carry out this reset has not yet been published. This article will examine the components of the big reset; and the reset in macro, micro and individual levels will be explained. In addition, the place of stakeholder capitalism, presented as a virtuous type of capitalism, in the big reset will be examined and the criticisms brought to the big reset will be evaluated. As it turns out, this reset is not a turn-off or restart. The Great Reset is an effort to understand and manage the change in attitudes, institutions and the entire economic system caused by the radical changes experienced during the Covid-19 crisis.

This article examines the bilateral relationship between Australia and China, which has become problematic since 2015. The causes for the downturn in relations are examined and two key reasons are offered: Australia is caught in the middle of power contestation between the United States and China; and Australia’s fear of its economic overdependence on China. This article deduces what a reset would look like and how this may eventuate.

It is high time for a fundamental review of the EU’s strategy towards Russia. After years of fruitless attempts to ‘reset’ relations with Moscow through a kind of engagement that has all too often ended up in appeasement, the EU and its member states should prepare for a long stand-off and put democracy at the centre of the relationship. This means doing better at defending our democracy against hostile interference from the Kremlin, strengthening democratic movements and the rule of law in the EU’s Eastern neighbourhood, supporting Russia’s civil society with more determination and creativity, and mentally preparing for a democratic post-Putin Russia. In short, we have to offer more help to Russia’s democrats and be more confrontational with the Kremlin. All this has to happen in close coordination with our transatlantic allies and as part of a global effort to support democrats and defend democracy against authoritarianism.

The R&D project ‘Exploring and transforming resonance spaces' (RESet) tends to provide direct impulses for a better participation of people in the urban sphere via digital tools in order to show a ...

The rate of change in marine ecosystems and the speed with which pressure on those systems is escalating are much faster than rates of institutional change or management responses. The continued promulgation of a century‐old management approach (i.e., single species maximum sustainable yield), despite decades of scientific warnings regarding its flaws, highlights how fisheries management and science can be constrained by path dependency and psychological traps. Major disruptions to the functioning of fisheries created by climate and SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) present an opportunity to take a step back and introduce alternative approaches more appropriate to the extant conditions in the majority of global fisheries. This reset point, in combination with a proliferation of cheaper technological options, provides the opportunity for fisheries in emerging economies to reach a sustainable position without retracing the steps, or holding to the assumptions behind the fisheries management approaches applied in regions such as Europe, North America or Australia.

New Zealand’s Pacific Reset, a significant shift in New Zealand’s foreign policy towards the Pacific Islands region, was launched in 2018 by the government of Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern. The Pacific Reset emphasises engagement, partnerships, and collaboration, and a greater focus on soft power, public diplomacy and people-to-people measures. It has resulted in an increase in New Zealand public diplomacy in the Pacific, including a new broadcasting initiative, and enhanced domestic public diplomacy. The language and objectives of the Pacific Reset replicate key characteristics of the New Public Diplomacy, which is frequently distinguished from the ‘old’ on the basis of two way engagement. This article argues that whilst the Pacific Reset seeks to reflect the ethos of the New Public Diplomacy, in practice, New Zealand’s Pacific public diplomacy is a mixed bag. In a contested and crowded strategic and public diplomacy environment, putting into practice a New Public Diplomacy demands a greater focus on listening.

As the leading component of the financial market, the price formation mechanism of gold futures has been attracting extra attention of financiers and scholars. However, the data of gold futures price belongs to time series, and its forecast is very challenging owing to its chaotic, noisy, and non-stationary characteristics in data. A new forecast model named SGRU-AM, based on the special gated recurrent unit (SGRU) and attention mechanism (AM) is proposed in this paper to tackle these challenges. SGRU is the rectified model of gated recurrent unit (GRU) though executing the 1-tanh function on the reset gate output of the basic GRU to transform the value range of the reset gate value and adjusting the memory ratio between the current moment and the previous moment. Firstly, SGRU has the advantage of capturing long-distance information and can forecast the closing price of gold futures in the next trading day. Then, AM is introduced to adjust the SGRU time dimension’s feature expression, so that the model can obtain more comprehensive feature information, learn the importance of current local sequence features and improve the forecast accuracy. Taking China’s gold futures as an example, the gold futures data of the Shanghai Futures Exchange are selected from January 9, 2008, to May 31, 2021. Compared with the baseline methods, the experimental results show that SGRU-AM has the best performance among all baseline models in forecast efficiency and forecast accuracy.

The coming decade was supposed to be a decade of action, a period of promoting of a common vision and accelerated execution of the "The Sustainable Development Agenda 2030” adopted in 2015 by the UN General Assembly and addressing 17 priority goals, from zero hunger and poverty to effective curbing of climate change. However, the rapid spread of the new COVID-19 virus in a short time has changed the world we are used to beyond recognition. Today it is impossible to find an area that would not be affected by the pandemic. In this article, the authors consider its negative impact on the achievement of the main goals of sustainable development and highlight that, despite “the forced retreat into the shadow” of sustainable development issues, the pandemic demonstrated the need to reformat priorities, “reset” the global world order and step-up work to achieve the SDGs at the national and global levels which, most likely, will again translate into practices already in the post-COVID era. © 2021. All Rights Reserved.

Coronavirus is the first global crisis of a digital age and the divergence in policy responses reflects the challenge of navigating an unprecedented global situation under conditions of enormous uncertainty. We ask what lessons can be learned from this experience and identify two, both of which push against mainstream interpretations of recent events. First, and contrary to the view that the crisis exposed social media and Big Tech as a source of dangerous misinformation that needs to be regulated more strictly, the paper argues that the less mediated spaces of the Internet—social media and Twitter, in particular—played an essential role in triggering a more effective policy response based around social distancing, lockdown, and containment. Second, and contrary to the view that things will go back to normal once the worst of the crisis has passed, the paper argues that, as a direct result of lockdown, the status quo has been shifted across multiple sectors of the economy. Three examples of this shift are introduced, notably the forced experimentation with digital technologies in education and health, the increased use of remote work in many companies, and a reduction in environmentally harmful behavior and decrease in pollution levels. The long-term effects of this ‘reset’ are impossible to predict, but a quick return to the ‘old normal’ seems unlikely. The paper concludes with the suggestion that this reset has created a unique historical opportunity for the reappraisal of regulatory approaches across multiple domains and exposed the need for regulatory models better aligned to a less mediated, more decentralized world. COVID-19 is a global tragedy, but—given that it has happened—it should be used as a learning experience to re-imagine a better, more socially, and environmentally responsible future.

La llegada de la Covid-19 ha irrumpido con fuerza en nuestra sociedad y en el sistema sanitario. Esta razón ha llevado a que debamos reflexionar sobre algunos de los cambios que se necesitarán diseñar e introducir en el servicio público de salud para crear un mundo más inclusivo, resiliente y sostenible. Este análisis explora las causas fundamentales que motivaron e impulsaron la llegada de una nueva era digital en la que la inteligencia artificial podría ser la clave para un gran reinicio del sistema sanitario a nivel global. Además, se estudia las razones del porqué la inteligencia artificial constituye una oportunidad para liderar el restablecimiento del actual servicio público de salud más allá de los desafíos que propone la crisis pandémica.

The urgency of the topic is due to the fact that today the importance of socially responsible state as a factor in overcoming instability and crisis in COVID-19, which requires reformatting the principles of public administration, survival of organizations and their adaptation to changes in uncertainty in the environment and needs constant modernization. To form the concept of a socially responsible state in COVID-19, it is necessary to overcome the conditions of crisis and instability, to create conditions for sustainable development, reset the management of public administration, to form new survival values ​​of organizations at risk. The purpose of the study: theoretical and practical aspects of the concept the formation of socially responsible state as a factor in overcoming instability and crisis in COVID-19. Objectives of the study: 1. To study the formation of the concept of socially responsible state as a factor in overcoming instability and crisis in COVID-19. 2. To analyze the methodology of research of the socially responsible state as a factor of overcoming instability and crisis in the conditions of COVID-19. 3. To identify complexity as a sign of unstable and unbalanced public administration. 4. To identify the increasing complexity of organizations in modern conditions and the need for self-adaptation and self-regulation of systems. Research methodology. AGILE methodology acts as a system of new values, which extends to many areas of activity, including public administration and administration. Methods of synergetic analysis, including the theory of self-organizing open systems, which find themselves in points of imbalance, uncertainty, bifurcation (bifurcation), stochastic information (lack of information), system drift, resulting in a change of priorities. The result of the study. It is concluded that the state should realize and be responsible for its influence on society, promote socially responsible attitude to all processes taking place in society, for which to rebuild consciousness, principles and methods of activity that would be focused on obtaining social, economic and environmental effects that do not harm society and the environment.

The Biden administration faces the opportunity to reset U.S. policy towards Africa and possesses a variety of tools to use in doing so, including traditional diplomacy, economic statecraft, development assistance, and military engagement. With the increased militarization of U.S. foreign policy over the past few decades, there is an unfortunate tendency to default to military engagement when confronted with even remote threats to U.S. national security interests, and Africa is no exception. With vital security interests in Africa, it can be argued that military engagement should be limited in its application and targeted to those situations that do not lend themselves to solution through traditional diplomacy or development assistance.

This article considers the process of public funding of higher education with the account of international experience. Theoretically, the content of higher education is considered. Public and personal benefits in higher education determine it as a quasipublic good. World practice testifies to state financing of higher education. In the countries of the world, the state fully or partially finances higher education. The determining factor in human capital is higher education. State grants for higher education are in the form of vouchers and are applied on the principle of "money followed by the student." But there is a peculiarity of the implementation of the principle, which consists in securing the state educational grant to the institution of higher education chosen by the еnrollee. At the same time, social risks and burdens including psychological, stressful on enrollee were identified that necessitate a “reset” of the State Grants Program and the education system as a whole after COVID 19. In education, the necessity of changing the course from memorizing academic knowledge to the logic of thinking, acquiring professional competencies. Relatively low results of participation of Kazakhstanis in international comparative studies PISA, PIAAC, ICILS are presented. The relatively low level of education of Kazakhstani youth is systemic in nature. State funding of higher education is primarily desirable for secondary school graduates from low-income families.

reSET-O is a Food and Drug Administration-cleared prescription digital therapeutic (PDT) indicated to improve outpatient-treatment retention of patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). This study examined the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of reSET-O in conjunction with treatment as usual (reSET-O + TAU) relative to TAU.Adult patients with ≥1 OUD diagnosis, treated with buprenorphine from 1 January 2015 to 30 March 2018, were identified from Truven Health MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Research Databases. Twelve-week healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) costs for patients categorized as adherent and nonadherent to buprenorphine treatment were estimated. Total 12-week costs included OUD treatment and other HCRU costs. The cost-effectiveness of reSET-O + TAU was modeled in accordance with prior clinical trial outcomes. The 12-week budget impact of reSET-O was modeled for a 1 million-member healthcare plan.Higher buprenorphine adherence was associated with lower HCRU costs in claims data. Twelve-week per-patient total costs were $305 more for those receiving reSET-O + TAU than those receiving TAU. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $18.70 per 1 percentage-point increase in the treatment retention rate. The probability that reSET-O + TAU would be considered cost-effective was over 92% for willingness-to-pay thresholds of $6,000 or more. The 12-week budget impact of reSET-O was $8,908, translating to $0.003 per member per month.The findings of the cost-effectiveness and budget impact modeling are limited by the assumptions of the models due to uncertainty around some inputs. While no model is free of bias, the inputs for this model were carefully selected to reflect contemporary treatment patterns.Depending on the payer's willingness to pay, reSET-O may be cost-effective in increasing buprenorphine treatment retention rates. reSET-O results in an approximate budget impact of $0.003 per member per month, depending on market share and the prevalence of the population receiving treatment for OUD.

Anti-Russian sentiment - what some call “Russophobia” - is subtle, but visible in the American foreign policy discourse since the end of the Cold War. Most recently, it can be found in the Obama-era discourse about Russia, despite the positive bump in relations after the so-called “reset” of 2009. This paper contends that, among the many irritants in Russia - U.S. relations, anti-Russian sentiment among the American foreign policy leadership is an understudied phenomenon. Russophobia matters because it is present even at times of promise in the relationship; it impedes striking a “normal” relationship with Russia, and it influences policy decisions. This paper conceptualizes Russophobia, considers the source of its persistence in the American foreign policy discourse, and identifies examples of anti-Russian sentiment among key members of Barack Obama’s foreign policy team through an examination of memoirs and personal reflections about Russia. The paper asserts that anti-Russian attitudes in the American foreign policy discourse throughout the post-Cold War era must be identified and understood in order to gain a better understanding of why forging stronger, mutually beneficial relations with Russia continues to evade American policy makers. Anti-Russian sentiment undermined the Obama - Medvedev reset and, while it is certainly not alone responsible for deteriorating relations with Russia, it helped to perpetuate the downturn in relations and must be identified and better understood. The arguments made in this paper and in the selected citations herein, are based upon non-partisan scholarly inquiry and are not a consequence of the author’s personal or political views.

We measure the proportion of real exchange rate movements accounted for by cross-country movements in relative reset prices (prices that changed since the previous period) using CPI microdata for five countries. Relative reset prices account for almost all of the real exchange rate movements. This is a challenge for most workhorse sticky price models used to generate volatile and persistent real exchange rates, in which relative reset prices are sluggish. Models where movements in relative wages are persistent and track the nominal exchange rate do replicate both the empirical properties of the real exchange rate and of relative reset prices.

State and local governments around Australia and the world now routinely promote the idea that dense, interconnected nodes of transit-rich, mixed-use places are indispensable for sustainable and re...

A prepaid RFID-based electricity payment system is proposed in this paper. The system is intended for rooming houses where residents’ electricity overconsumption and outstanding payment are to be avoided by the house owner. An RFID-card is used as the payment instrument. The system consists of two units, the card balance top-up unit (CTU) and the energy credit top-up unit (ETU). The balance of the RFID-card is topped up by using the CTU. With the balance stored in it, the RFID-card is to be used to top-up the energy credit at the ETU. Each of the CTU and the ETU is equipped with a microcontroller, an RFID reader/writer and a user interface in the form of keypad and liquid crystal display (LCD). Furthermore, the ETU utilizes a relay to control the flow of electricity. If the energy credit of a room is exhausted, then the supply of electricity to the room is cut off by the relay. The electricity consumption is calculated based on the number of pulses of the calibration LED of a standardized electronic energy meter. The pulse is transmitted to the microcontroller by using an optocoupler. The RFID-card records the current card balance, the card’s top-up history, and the card’s usage history. The energy credit is stored in the EEPROM of the ETU’s microcontroller. The energy meter is tested to measure the energy consumption of two loads based on the pulses of its calibration LED. The actual power of the two loads are 87.25 % and 94.23 % of the corresponding power rating. The card balance top-up process at the CTU and the energy credit top-up process at the ETU are successfully checked. After every balance top-up and credit top-up, the current card balance is calculated and stored correctly. During the electricity usage, the LCD of the ETU shows the remaining energy credit in IDR and kWh. These are accumulatively reduced every time the pulse count reaches a certain reset number, which corresponds to the electrical energy’s unit price applied. The proposed electricity payment system can be a solution for owners of rooming houses to secure electricity payments from the residents. The installation cost of the system is low and without the need to change the existing electricity purchase method of the house. The house owner also can individually adjust the maximum power limit for each room.

The article develops to the analysis of the application of project management in the implementation of long-term interregional initiatives. The relevance of the study is due to modern experience in initiating and implementing major interregional initiatives. Practice shows that they need no alternative real project content, i. e. the availability of interconnected local investment projects, the implementation of each of which together provides high interregional (macro-regional) and region-wide importance. To date, there is a shortage of projects at the interregional level in Russia. This problem is recorded in the national Spatial Development Strategy.We formulate an author’s approach to defining of the interregional initiative as an activity to develop, present and launch a significant large complex interregional project (a set of interconnected investment and other related projects), potentially capable of having a significant impact on the social and economic development of the country, the federal district / macro-region.The study analysed detail the lessons learned from project management at the regional level, which can be useful for the implementation of integrated interregional initiatives. The main models of “spillovers” of experience of implementation of project management from federal to regional level for development of own initiatives of subjects of the Russian Federation (direct transfer, reset of state programs, project management of new spatial forms of organization of economic activity, initiation of joint projects with federal development institutions, etc.) are given.We have underlined possibilities project management in promoting interregional initiatives should focus on the following areas: taking into account innovative opportunities concentrated in systemically important economic complexes; Ranking projects in terms of effects for regional business communities. Projects involving and combining local resources should benefit.In regard with innovation development, we have proposed specific attention to interregional initiatives related to the acquisition of new knowledge, associations of the potential of regional scientific centers, synthesis of accumulated knowledge in the form of patents, advanced technologies, industrial models.

In the airline industry, the aim of O&D RM is to optimize network revenue by increasing seat availability for high-revenue connecting passengers while preventing connecting passengers from displacing high-yield local passengers to reduce displacement costs. Traditional O&D models rely heavily on complex historical data analysis. The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to an unprecedented disruption of the global airline industry. It has reset historical data, thereby reducing the reliability of the traditional forecasting and optimization results. This paper proposes Zero Displacement Cost (0DC) model as a simplified and flexible model for airlines to manage O&D in the post-COVID-19 world.

The paper aims to critically review past and emerging literature to help professionals and researchers alike to better understand, manage and valorize both the tourism impacts and transformational affordance of COVID-19. To achieve this, first, the paper discusses why and how the COVID-19 can be a transformational opportunity by discussing the circumstances and the questions raised by the pandemic. By doing this, the paper identifies the fundamental values, institutions and pre-assumptions that the tourism industry and academia should challenge and break through to advance and reset the research and practice frontiers. The paper continues by discussing the major impacts, behaviours and experiences that three major tourism stakeholders (namely tourism demand, supply and destination management organisations and policy makers) are experiencing during three COVID-19 stages (response, recovery and reset). This provides an overview of the type and scale of the COVID-19 tourism impacts and implications for tourism research Refereed/Peer-reviewed

One of the most popular population-based and swarm intelligence algorithms is the artificial bee colony. Although the ABC method is known for its efficiency in exploration, it has a poor performance in exploitation ability. It uses a single solution search equation that does not provide a balance between exploration and intensification adequately, and this is one of the most common problems in optimization techniques. This study proposes an artificial bee colony algorithm with a qualified search strategy (QSSABC) that uses four different solution search equations to deal with these problems. In order to increase the ability of exploitation, the QSSABC uses the global best solution of population in both of these equations. Equations in the QSSABC method are selected by roulette-wheel method based on their success rates, and equation with the lowest success rate within determined periods is eliminated. The equations’ success rates are reset at the end of each period, and it is expected that equations will prove their success again in every period. This qualified search strategy ensures an efficient use of number of function evaluations, and also it achieves balance between global and local search. To evaluate accuracy and performance of the QSSABC, twenty-eight classical functions, twenty-four CEC05 functions and thirty CEC14 functions were used. Simulation results showed that the QSSABC surpasses other methods such as distABC, MABC, ABCVSS in classical functions, and that it is a successful tool for problems with different characteristics by showing better performance over other methods for CEC05 and CEC14 test functions.

As a rapidly evolving global pandemic, COVID-19 provides several opportunities for tourism researchers to study the resilience of the tourism industry from a socioecological system perspective. Pandemics are not new and, similar to other crises and disasters, can have lasting impacts on individuals, businesses, communities, and nations. This article offers ways to explore how COVID-19 could affect different aspects of tourism resilience, adopting a three-level approach (macro, meso, and micro). While recognizing that these three levels are not necessarily mutually exclusive, interactions between them can be a worthy area of research in itself. This article proposes a research agenda on COVID-19 and tourism system resilience and contributes to further understanding of scale of change (temporal and spatial), impacts, and resilience. The article identifies, for example, resilience of destinations, organizations, and tourists as important areas of future research in relation to the pandemic. However, theoretical advancements and managerial implications of such research should not be sacrificed at the expense of the opportunities that the context of COVID-19 presents. It is time for reset not only for the tourism industry but also for tourism researchers.

COVID-19 is exposing the fragility of the goals adopted by the United Nations — two-thirds are now unlikely to be met. COVID-19 is exposing the fragility of the goals adopted by the United Nations — two-thirds are now unlikely to be met.

Analysts emphasize that nothing will be the same after the pandemic and refer to the “new normal” that is likely to prevail everywhere in the world. It would be a legitimate question to ask if this would provide a conducive environment for Turkey and the United States to reset their relations that have much deteriorated lately. This article will, first, highlight the contours of the “new normal” narrative by referring to the views expressed by politicians, academics, analysts, journalists and intellectuals from around the world. Second, the article will assess the implications of the parameters of the “new normal” for key actors in world politics, such as the United States, China, the European Union and Russia, as well as Turkey’s Middle Eastern neighbors, with respect to the issues that will be at stake in the international security environment. Finally, the article will make a call for a reset in Turkish-American relations in order for the two long-standing allies to adapt themselves better to post-COVID international politics.

COVID-19 is a massive geopolitical disturbance that will reset the international system once the fuzz is lifted, accelerate de-globalization as well as de-regionalization and establish new political and trade alignments, and probably a new world order. This virus divided the world into three narratives, foremost is in favor of the US and against China, and second is in favor of China and against the US, and the third represents the neutral people who believe it is a natural virus. Multiple conspiracy theories have emerged about the origin and spread of the virus. Hence, it has generated pandemic animosity among the people of different nations. China and the US need to be more transparent on the origin and spread of the pandemic and step back from confrontation. This is a time to be united to fight with the virus. COVID-19 has also opened the gateway avenue for future researchers in multiple disciplines of academia.

Sigh. Inhale. Rewind to that struggling moment when giving a testimony in front of officers named Matthew, Ryan and Michael. That moment I was obligated to reset my feelings under the option of mut...

The world is going through pandemic times, and about 85% of learners are affected by the fact that educational institutions have suspended their face to face classes. However, teachers are transitioning towards online education and the current paper looks at an example of good practice in finding a unitary teaching strategy during this crisis. Our aim is to review the practices and instruments used by colleagues from the West University of Timisoara, Romania, as well as to group together some solutions to potential issues arising from the sudden changes in pedagogical approach. We would like to propose seven steps “in resetting” education in disruptive times, which can be followed for a smooth and efficient digital transformation.

As city streets become deserted and factories stand idle, air quality and wildlife are seeing immediate benefits. The environmental implications of Covid-19 are discussed, with particular emphasis on Europe and China. The author looks at how the stay-in-place policies adopted by many governments have had major impacts. In particular, air and road traffic (two of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions), power use and manufacturing activity are discussed.

We already know that the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way actors see transnational mobility, as well as the appropriation of spaces for leisure purposes, for the foreseeable future. But will t...

With international arrivals surpassing 1.5 billion for the first time in 2019 the long-term evolution of tourism demonstrates prolific path dependence with a decade of growth since the global finan...

After a quarter of a century of oscillating relations between Washington and Moscow, Trump’s 2017 National Security Strategy named Russia as one of the main challengers to the US-led order. Power transition theory is used to explain the alternating cooperative and competitive phases during each of the first three post-Cold War US presidencies: first, initial attempts at cooperation are driven by US willingness to integrate its former rival into the liberal order; then, regression into competition follows as Washington’s influence rises in territories that Moscow considers sensitive for its national security

The importance of free trade agreements (FTAs) has been increasing as such agreements help reduce barriers to trade. This paper estimates the agricultural trade creation and export diversion effects of Australia’s free trade agreements (FTAs) at the aggregate and disaggregate levels, using the Poisson pseudo‐maximum‐likelihood (PPML) estimator. It includes 24 of Australia’s major trading partner countries comprising FTA and non‐FTA members and covers 22 years from 1996 to 2017. The heteroscedasticity robust regression error specification test (RESET) confirms the relevance of PPML over the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimator. Results showed that China–Australia, Korea–Australia, Australia–USA and Japan–Australia have larger trade creation effects in the agricultural sector. At the commodity level, variation in trade creation effects is estimated from the different trade agreements. Among the selected commodities, the larger effects were generated in trade in sugar and wine by the implementation of the majority of the trade agreements. Overall, the trade creation was greater than the export diversion of the FTAs. The findings of the study have implications for Australia’s future trade agreements.

This is the second chapter on unthinking, specifically building a new narrative to show anthropogenic climate change is not a result of modern industrial society rather it has a much deeper pedigree as essentially urban in nature. The narrative has been constructed by matching Jane Jacobs’ ideas on the power of cities from their initial invention of agriculture to William F. Ruddiman’s revision of the sequence of greenhouse gases generating anthropogenic climate change. There are two initial outcomes: first a critical reassessment of the importance of cities in geographical imaginings of the past, and second a critical intervention into the dating of the Anthropocene pushing it back many thousands of years.

This article examines the interactional functions of the so-prefaced answer, when used by interviewees in news and other political discussion broadcasts. Using the methods of conversation analysis, based on a data corpus of recent broadcasts from British mainstream television, the analysis shows that the so-preface functions in a cluster of related ways within the question-answer discourse structure of the political news interview. Specifically, it is used to reset or reframe the prior question from a standpoint of epistemic authority, enabling the interviewee to answer on their terms rather than the interviewer’s.

In this study, we examined the relationship of special education teachers’ performance on the Recognizing Effective Special Education Teachers (RESET) Explicit Instruction observation protocol with student growth on academic measures. Special education teachers provided video-recorded observations of three instructional lessons along with data from standardized, curriculum-based academic measures at the beginning, middle, and end of the school year for the students in the instructional group. Teachers’ lessons were evaluated by external, trained raters. Data were analyzed using many-faceted Rasch measurement (MFRM), correlation, and multiple regression. Teacher performance on the overall protocol did not account for statistically significant variance in student growth beyond that of students’ beginning of the year academic performance. Teacher performance on an abbreviated protocol comprised of items that had average or higher item difficulties on the MFRM analysis accounted for an additional 4.5% of variance beyond that of beginning of the year student performance. Implications for further research are discussed.