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U.S. Census 2020: Continuity and Change is the focus of this double issue of RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences. This introduction briefly describes the broad socioeconomic changes between 2010 and 2020 in the United States and their implications for inequality, families, and American society. We then review the changes in employment, earnings, and education; housing and residential mobility; families and living arrangements; gender, sexuality, race-ethnicity, immigration, and rural America among others discussed in this issue. We highlight the areas of change, stemming from both changes in data availability and measurement and substantive material outcomes with a focus on whether the patterns follow the trends of past decades or change in new directions that signal more fundamental structural changes in American society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subsidized housing is one of the main programs to provide livable housing that is affordable for low-income communities. However, often in development and environmental management, livability aspects are not paid attention to which can affect the level of community comfort and the quality of the housing itself. This condition can be seen in Bukit Hijau Urimessing Housing, which is currently the only subsidized housing in Ambon City. The condition of infrastructure and facilities such as roads, waste facilities and accessibility are still inadequate. The aim of this research is to measure the level of livability of Bukit Hijau Urimessing Housing, which is based on aspects of housing livability. This research uses a quantitative approach with quantitative descriptive analysis techniques and scoring analysis methods on 11 (eleven) housing livability indicators. The results of the analysis show that there are 5 (five) aspects with a level of livability included in the low category, namely the availability/quality of residential roads, access to transportation services, waste, drainage networks and security and safety of the residential environment. This condition reinforces the problems that often occur in the construction of subsidized housing, namely related to facility readiness, location not paying attention to accessibility and environmental management that is not optimalt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the role that place of birth and place of residence have in variation in cognition in adulthood in the UK. We take advantage of both the large sample size and number of cognitive domains in the UK Biobank to estimate the effect of place of birth and place of residence on adulthood cognition using multilevel modeling. We find, consistent with studies in the US, that place effects at both time points contribute modest variation (<3% of the variation) across all measured cognitive domains, suggesting a relative lack of contribution of shared environments in explaining future Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias. Moreover, the geographical contribution to cognitive function in adulthood was slightly larger for females than for males. This study is among the first to explore the impact of both the independent and joint associations of place of birth and place of residence with different cognitive domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dirasat: Shar'ia & Law Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Approximately 16% of mortality in children under five years old is associated with diarrhoea. In Ghana, diarrhoea is the third most common cause of death among infants. Ghana is one of the countries in Africa with an estimated 1,700 deaths due to diarrhoea in infants. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between toddlers' age, formula milk consumption, residence location, and diarrhoea occurrence. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, analytical, observational study. The data was obtained from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) database in 2019. The total number of respondents in the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) was 8,362 individuals. Meanwhile, the total number of respondents who meet the inclusion criteria is 2,263 toddlers. Results: This study demonstrated a significant relationship between the occurrence of diarrhoea in toddlers and characteristics related to the toddler's age (p-value<0.001; OR=0.696; 95% CI=0.579-0.837), formula milk consumption (p-value<0.001; OR=2.056; 95% CI=1.629-2.596), and residence location (p-value<0.001; OR=1.719; 95% CI=1.326- 2.245). Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, the incidence of diarrhoea in toddlers was correlated with the age of the toddler, formula feeding, and location of residence. Development of diarrhoea research will be needed in relation to health promotion in preventing diarrhoeal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Castle of the President of the Republic of Poland in Vistula is a specific architectural continuation of the Habsburg hunting mansions built in this location. Previously, there was a larch Hunter's Castle in this place, the residence of the Cieszyn princes from the Habsburg dynasty. It was erected in 1907. In 1927 it was allocated to the seat of the President of the Republic of Poland, but a few days before handing over to the Head of State, a fire destroyed the residence (December 1927). Few photos and plans have survived to our times. Therefore, this residence is an architectural mystery. We do not know its exact plans or room layout. Therefore, the authors have attempted to recreate the architectural formula and function of this Habsburg residence. This task was all the more difficult, as even the oral accounts of this residence are fragmentary. In their work, the authors relied, among other things, on their knowledge of the log structure in which the residence was erected, and on the documentation made available from the collections of the Museum of Cieszyn Silesia. In the study, the authors also referred to the use of computer techniques to assist in the process of developing the present attempt to reconstruct the Castle. These techniques allow a much deeper analysis of the factual material, which is an important source of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Hip fracture is common in older people and has significant health and care implications. This study aimed to examine the impact of household characteristics (living alone or living with someone who is themselves ill) on adverse outcomes following hip fracture. Methods A cohort study of hip fracture patients aged ≥ 50 years living alone or with one co-resident using Welsh nationwide data between January 2013 and December 2018. Outcomes were emergency hospital admission within 30 days and care-home admission and mortality within one year of hospital discharge. Analysis used cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models to examine associations with living alone and with co-resident chronic disease status. Results Of the 12,089 hip fracture patients discharged, 56.0% lived alone. Compared to hip fracture patients living with a co-resident, those living alone were more commonly women (78.4% versus 65.2%), older (mean 83.1 versus 78.5 years), and had more long-term conditions (mean 5.7 versus 5.3). In unadjusted analyses, compared to living with a co-resident with 0–1 long-term condition and no dementia, living alone (hazard ratio [HR] 1.44, 95%CI 1.23–1.68), living with someone with dementia (HR 1.57, 95%CI 1.07–2.30), and living with someone with 4 + physical long-term conditions (HR 1.24, 95%CI 1.03–1.49) were associated with an increase in mortality, but no significant association was found in adjusted analysis. Adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic position, and long-term condition count of the hip fracture patient, living alone (adjusted HR [aHR] 2.26, 95%CI 1.81–2.81) and living with a co-resident with dementia (aHR 2.38, 95%CI 1.59–3.57) were both associated with more than double the risk of care home admission. There were no significant associations with 30-day hospital admission. Conclusions Hip fracture patients who live alone have higher one-year mortality, but associations are explained by the demographic and clinical characteristics of those living alone. However, living alone or living with a co-resident with dementia was independently associated with an additional doubling of the risk of care home admission. Household-based approaches to research and health policy may help target risk groups following hip fracture community discharge and further research is needed to understand the mechanisms by which these associations act.

Background: Approximately 16% of mortality in children under five years old is associated with diarrhoea. In Ghana, diarrhoea is the third most common cause of death among infants. Ghana is one of the countries in Africa with an estimated 1,700 deaths due to diarrhoea in infants. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between toddlers' age, formula milk consumption, residence location, and diarrhoea occurrence. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, analytical, observational study. The data was obtained from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) database in 2019. The total number of respondents in the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) was 8,362 individuals. Meanwhile, the total number of respondents who meet the inclusion criteria is 2,263 toddlers. Results: This study demonstrated a significant relationship between the occurrence of diarrhoea in toddlers and characteristics related to the toddler's age (p-value

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare justice sensitivity between self-perceived beneficiaries, victims, and observers in a sample of 90 healthcare workers (nurses and physiotherapists) at the Varaždinske Toplice Special Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Croatia. For this purpose we used a questionnaire consisting of demographic data and the Croatian version of the justice sensitivity inventory developed by Schmitt. Regardless of its limitations, our study clearly shows that healthcare professionals at Varaždinske Toplice are most sensitive to injustice from the beneficiary’s perspective, that is, as persons who personally benefitted from injustice, although they may not have been instrumental to this effect. They are less sensitive to injustice perceived on the outside (observer’s perspective) or to injustice suffered by themselves (victim’s perspective). Another important finding is that participants of female gender, rural residence, and nurses (who are all women) are significantly more sensitive to injustice, whereas age and marital status do not seem to contribute to justice sensitivity. Future research should investigate the perception of injustice over a longer timeframe and involve all healthcare workers. It could also address different approaches to management, especially in terms of worker rewards and career advancement. Qualitative research among healthcare workers could provide a broader and clearer idea of social injustice at their workplace.

This study analyzed the survey data of the ophthalmic examination of the 5th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of cataracts in Koreans and exposure to sunlight in daily life. From January to December, 952 people in 192 districts were classified into a 2–5 h group and a group of more than 5 h of sunlight exposure, and statistical analysis using SMS version 26, including the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis, was conducted. Results: The gender difference was that women had a higher incidence of cataracts when the exposure time to sunlight was 2 to 5 h (46.7% for men, 53.3% for women, p < 0.001) and men had a higher incidence of cataracts when it was more than 5 h (62.3% for men, 36.8% for women, p < 0.001). The incidence increased significantly after age 45 for the groups of both 2 to 5 h (65.8% for men, p < 0.001) and 5 h or more (80% for p < 0.001) of sunlight exposure. In the group with 2 to 5 h of sunlight exposure, the prevalence of cataracts was high in people living in large cities, such as 52 people in Seoul (10.8%) and 63 people in Busan (13.1%), while in the group with 5 h or more, the incidence of cataracts was significantly higher in people living in rural areas, such as 36 people in Gangwon Province (7.7%) and 85 people in North Gyeongsang Province (18.1%). Through this, it was confirmed that Koreans had a higher incidence of cataracts when exposed to sunlight for more than 5 h, and differences according to socio-demographic characteristics could be identified in the case of a sunlight exposure time of 2 to 5 h or more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While it is clear that space matters when it comes to explaining crime, there is a lack of research exploring whether such spatial effects remain significant if victim characteristics are introduced into the analysis. This paper addresses this gap by applying risk terrain modeling to predict assaults for victims of different racial backgrounds and local versus non-local residents. The results show spatial risk factors have different impact on the likelihood of victimization for individuals of different racial backgrounds and those who live in the city where the crime occurs versus those who are visiting. The findings suggest that more attention should be given to integrating the victim characteristics with the characteristics of space when predicting violent crime using spatial analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outdoor ozone (O3) is elevated on hot, sunny days when residential air conditioning is used most. We evaluated the impact of direct evaporative coolers (ECs) and vapor-compression air conditioners (ACs) on indoor O3 concentrations in homes (N = 31) in Utah County, Utah, United States of America. Indoor and outdoor O3 concentrations were measured for 24 h at each home using nitrite-impregnated glass-fiber filters. AC homes (n = 16) provided a protective envelope from outdoor O3 pollution. Only one AC home had O3 levels above the limit of detection (LOD). Conversely, EC homes (n = 15) provided minimal protection from outdoor O3. Only one EC home had O3 levels below the LOD. The average indoor O3 concentration in EC homes was 23 ppb (95% CI 20, 25). The indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) ratio for O3 in EC homes was 0.65 (95% CI 0.58, 0.72), while the upper bound for the I/O ratio for AC homes was 0.13 (p < 0.001). Indoor exposure to O3 for residents in EC homes is approximately five times greater than for residents of AC homes. Although ECs offer energy and cost-saving advantages, public health awareness campaigns in O3-prone areas are needed, as well as research into O3 pollution controls for direct ECs such as activated carbon filtration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GLOBOCAN stated that prostate cancer is the third most common type of cancer in the world. Previously, prostate cancer incidence rates in Asian populations were lower than Western populations. In recent years, the incidence rate of prostate cancer in Asia has increased rapidly. Indonesia ranks 10th out of 32 Asian countries. Prostate cancer is a multifactorial disease, including age and topographical factors of residence. Prostate cancer risk factors need to be identified to target primary and secondary prevention. Pesticide-specific exposure in rice field areas accumulates in the environment and becomes a pathology. Literature studies from various sources related to these risk factors are still very limited. This study aims to analyze the risk factors of residential topography and age on prostate cancer incidence. An observational analytic study was conducted with a case-control design. 177 samples were obtained by total sampling method, with prostate cancer as the case group and benign prostate hyperplasia as the control group. Age variable parameters are less than or more than 65 years. The residential topography criteria are narrow and large rice fields around the sample residence. The chi-square test result found a significant correlation between residential topography with prostate cancer incidence (p= 0.028, OR= 2.155) and correlation between age factor with prostate cancer incidence (p=0.018, OR=2.187). Age had a 2.009-fold higher risk of prostate cancer incidence than the topography of residence. In conclusion, the topographic profile of the rice field area around the residence and age has a significant risk factor on prostate cancer incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archives of Industrial Hygiene & Toxicology / Arhiv za Higijenu Rada I Toksikologiju is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Understanding population demography of threatened species and how they vary in relation to natural and anthropogenic stressors is essential for effective conservation. We used a long‐term photographic capture‐recapture dataset (1993–2020) of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in the highly urbanised Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary (ADS), South Australia, to estimate key demographic parameters and their variability over time. These parameters were analysed in relation to environmental variables used as indicators of local and large‐scale climatic events. Our findings indicate that apparent survival was high (0.98–0.99) and did not vary seasonally. Estimates of abundance were not directly related to environmental variables but were linked to seasonal temporary emigration. Abundance peaked in summer with an average of 85.37 dolphins (SD = 30.23) and was lowest in winter, with 68.57 (SD = 24.70) individuals. Site fidelity at the population level was low, but lagged identification rates revealed a population of approximately 28 individuals at any one time. Trend analysis suggests an increase in dolphin abundance from 1993 and persistence of the population over decades despite significant urbanisation, although numbers have declined in more recent years. Further research is needed to understand the cumulative impacts leading to this population decline and to assess its future viability under different management scenarios. Conservation strategies aimed at increasing reproductive rates and promoting connectivity to adjacent waters are likely to be more effective in reversing population declines.

In Tanzania, and all over the world, including Tanzania Zanzibar, courts of laws have considered domicile as an important connecting factor in the determination of various disputes brought before the court of laws in cases relating to conflict of laws, especially on issues relating to jurisdiction of the courts and capacity to marry in various marital disputes. In a most cases, the courts attempt to investigate how far and the extent to which domicile may be considered as the connecting factor in settling issues of validity of marriages or determination of divorce cases between disputants. Legal speaking, when a person files a lawsuit in a court of law relating to a conflict of laws, one of the interesting questions the court would wish to test is how the matter in question is connected or linked with the domicile of the disputant. It is on this basis that this research article discusses domicile as a personal connecting factor in conflict of laws disputes in Tanzania, with special attention to the above-stated case law, as decided by the Zanzibar courts. The decision by the Zanzibar courts, as discussed in this article, has laid a basic foundation on the domicile as the connecting factor in conflict of laws. The article further examines the extent to which domicile was considered as connecting factor by the Zanzibar courts in determining above selected case law in conflict of laws.

Autistic children are prone to experience heightened levels of distress and physiological reactivity to a range of sensory, social, and emotional stimuli. In line with this, multiple studies have demonstrated that autistic children have higher acute cortisol stress responses to adverse or threatening stimuli and altered cortisol awakening responses. However, few studies have examined whether this sensitivity may relate to heightened levels of chronic stress and persistently elevated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. The measurement of cortisol accumulation in hair is considered a non-invasive biomarker of chronic stress and has been associated with several childhood diseases. Here, we investigated whether hair cortisol concentration in a large sample of autistic children differed from non-autistic children, and after accounting for a range of child, parental and family-level characteristics. Hair cortisol concentration was measured in 307 autistic children and 282 non-autistic controls aged between 2 and 17 years recruited from four Australian states who participated in providing hair samples and demographic data to the Australian Autism Biobank. Independent samples t -test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to determine significant differences in the mean hair cortisol concentration (pg/mg) between potential covariates. Primary analysis included multivariable regression modelling of the collapsed sample to identify variables that were significantly associated with hair cortisol concentration after controlling for covariates. We also accounted for the potential interaction of multiple biological (e.g., age, sex, BMI) and psychosocial characteristics at the level of the child, the mother and the father, and the family unit. Our findings suggest that the diagnosis of autism was not a significant predictor of chronic stress, as measured by hair cortisol concentration. However, findings of the multivariable regression analysis showed that key factors such as area of residence (Queensland vs Victorian state of residence) and decrease in child's age were significantly associated with higher hair cortisol concentration whereas lower family income was significantly associated with higher hair cortisol concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that socioeconomic factors such as family annual income affect hair cortisol status in autistic children, indicating that the psychosocial environment may be a potential mediator for chronic stress in autistic children just as it has been demonstrated in non-autistic children. • Largest study internationally measuring hair cortisol levels among autistic children. • Diagnosis of autism alone was not a significant predictor of chronic stress. • Child's age, residence and family income were significant risk factors for stress. • Findings suggest autistic children are impacted by family psychosocial stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To gain a deeper understanding of the human–land coupling relationship, this study analyzes the coupling relationships with the spatial distribution of construction land from two perspectives: the residential population and the employment population, exploring the similarities and differences in coupling relationships among different subsystems. The Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China is selected as the study area, covering the period from 2000 to 2020. An analytical framework is proposed, encompassing three approaches: coupling analysis based on county-level spatial units; mean center position analysis based on construction land grids; and regression fitting and residual analysis based on homogeneous grid units. The analysis results indicate: (1) the coupling between the employment population and construction land shows a significant advantage; (2) the coupling between the residential population and construction land has improved faster in recent years; (3) factors such as location, development level, and strategic opportunities have an important influence on the spatial and temporal changes in the coupling relationship. The study further discusses the trade-off relationship between different subsystems, key measures to enhance coupling degree, and the application pathways of this analytical framework at various stages of planning. Considering the limitations of industry sector differences, spatial unit precision, and construction land development intensity, this paper also outlines future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cognitive function is a current research hotspot, residence may be related to differences in cognitive function, and the mediating role of leisure activities are limited in Chinese research. This study used leisure activities as a mediating variable to investigate the mediating role of leisure activity between place of residence (city-town-rural) and cognitive function among Chinese older, this is where the innovation of the article comes in. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, Pearson correlation analyses were employed to examine the relationships among various indicators. Mediation analyses were conducted using the SPSS PROCESS macro program, version 3.5, written by Hayes, to explore the mediating effects of leisure activity between place of residence and cognitive function in older adults. Results: A total of 10955 older adults were included in this study, with a mean age of (84.23 ± 11.57) years. Among them, 2739 (24.8%) lived in the city, 3627 (33.1%) in town, and 4615 (42.1%) in rural areas; their leisure activity score was (5.34 ± 3.77), and their cognitive function score was (24.69 ± 6.65). Place of residence, leisure activities, and cognitive function were significantly correlated (P < 0.01). Using city as a reference, place of residence is negatively associated with cognitive function, and place of residence not only had a direct effect on cognitive function in older adults: town-cognitive function (effect = –0.399; 95% confidence interval (CI) = (–0.685, –0.113)); rural-cognitive function (effect = –0.42; 95% CI = (–0.698, –0.141)). There were also indirect effects on cognitive function through the pathway of leisure activity: town- leisure activity - cognitive function (effect = –0.17; 95% CI = (–0.246, –0.1)), rural - leisure activity - cognitive function (effect = –0.199; 95% CI = (–0.272, –0.13)). Conclusion: Leisure activities play a partially mediating role between the impact of place of residence and cognitive function in Chinese older adults, and it is vital to pay attention to the impact of place of residence on the cognitive function of older adults in various aspects, and to increase the participation rate of older adults in leisure activities, which is beneficial to the prevention of cognitive decline and the protection of older adult’s physical and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to analyze the particularities presented by the conditions for acquiring a locally elected mandate if the candidate is a citizen of a member state of the European Union. It starts from the presentation of the normative framework considered in carrying out the study, after which, in the second section, all the provisions of the identified normative acts that are relevant for clarifying the assumed problem are analyzed. The problem is complex and requires the approach of both national law and European Union law, and from national law, both public and private law provisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Süleyman Demirel Law Review / Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Suleyman Demirel Universitesi Hukuk Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Süleyman Demirel Law Review / Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Suleyman Demirel Universitesi Hukuk Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The residential landscape of western societies in the 20th century was based on a nuclear and monogamous normative representation of the family. This representation contrasts with the representation of the family that some consensually non-monogamous (CNM) parents carry. How did CNM informants combine residence, parenting and multiple relationships within the hetero-mono-normative organizational legacy of society? An extensive set of exploratory and ethnographic data was gathered in francophone countries in Western Europe during 2013–2018. Informants' dwelling configurations were interpreted as the result of their personal life paths interwoven with a web of macrostructural tensions. A comparative approach on residences, combined with life stories gathered within a strategic group of informants, contributed to understanding the various processes leading to specific forms of CNM dwellings with children. The comparison highlights five categories of CNM residential patterns, all resulting from attempts to compromise with the hetero-mono-normative dwelling tradition. The developments of transportation and communication technologies appeared as an important factor in the spatial and temporal organizations of family functions within the CNM configurations observed. These CNM family arrangements also appeared as ephemeral and versatile. These conclusions lead to new avenues of research regarding the social forces contributing to their fragility despite the intent of the actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Illegal immigration, often known as unlawful or unauthorized migration, is the movement of individuals over national or regional borders without complying with established processes and regulations. This sort of migration violates the target country's legal system, which governs and limits people's admission and residency on its territory. As a result, this phenomenon presents a challenge to receiving nations, influencing immigration policy and placing strain on their legal, social, and economic systems. This research seeks to determine the primary reasons of illegal immigration and how states parties to Protocol against Migrant Smuggling address this issue. Effective efforts to prevent and combat migrant smuggling need an international comprehensive approach that includes improved borders control, information exchange, international cooperation, legal and safe migration pathways, and countering migrant smuggling networks. All while striking a balance between protecting human rights and ensuring national security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Tanzania, and all over the world, including Tanzania Zanzibar, courts of laws have considered domicile as an important connecting factor in the determination of various disputes brought before the court of laws in cases relating to conflict of laws, especially on issues relating to jurisdiction of the courts and capacity to marry in various marital disputes. In a most cases, the courts attempt to investigate how far and the extent to which domicile may be considered as the connecting factor in settling issues of validity of marriages or determination of divorce cases between disputants. Legal speaking, when a person files a lawsuit in a court of law relating to a conflict of laws, one of the interesting questions the court would wish to test is how the matter in question is connected or linked with the domicile of the disputant. It is on this basis that this research article discusses domicile as a personal connecting factor in conflict of laws disputes in Tanzania, with special attention to the above-stated case law, as decided by the Zanzibar courts. The decision by the Zanzibar courts, as discussed in this article, has laid a basic foundation on the domicile as the connecting factor in conflict of laws. The article further examines the extent to which domicile was considered as connecting factor by the Zanzibar courts in determining above selected case law in conflict of laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction Despite the advancement in sexual and reproductive healthcare services and several public health measures aimed at controlling fertility rates, countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) still experience higher adolescent fertility rates than other low-and middle-income countries. This study examined the disparities in adolescent fertility in 39 countries in SSA, focusing on socioeconomic and residence-based dimensions. Methods This study involved a secondary analysis of data obtained from 39 recent Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in SSA. The measures of difference (D), ratio (R), population attributable fraction (PAF), and population attributable risk (PAR) were estimated using the Health Equity Assessment Tool (HEAT) software version 3.1 developed by the World Health Organization. The measures: D, R, PAF, and PAR were used to examine the inequalities in adolescent fertility across the socioeconomic and residence-based dimensions. Results Out of the 39 countries included in the study, Guinea (D=27.70), Niger (D=27.50), Nigeria (D=23.90), and Côte d’Ivoire (D=23.60) exhibited the most significant residence-based inequalities in the rate of adolescent fertility, with the higher rate observed among adolescents in rural areas. Rwanda was the sole country that showed a slight inclination towards rural inequality in terms of the rate of adolescent fertility, with a value of D = -0.80. The burden of adolescent fertility was disproportionately higher among young women with low economic status across all the countries, exacerbating wealth-based inequities. The countries with the largest absolute discrepancies were Nigeria (D=44.70), Madagascar (D=41.10), Guinea (D=41.00), and Cameroon (D=40.20). We found significant disparities in educational attainment contributing to unequal inequalities in adolescent fertility, particularly among young women who lack access to formal education. Countries such as Madagascar (D=59.50), Chad (D=55.30), Cameroon (D=54.60), and Zimbabwe (D=50.30) had the most significant absolute disparities. Conclusion This study revealed that young women residing in rural areas, those in households with low economic status and those with limited educational opportunities experience a disproportionately high burden of adolescent fertility across the 39 countries in SSA. The current findings offer valuable information to governmental entities at all levels regarding the need to ensure the provision of equitable, accessible, and dependable sexual and reproductive health services to the populace, particularly for young women. Therefore, the various stakeholders need to enhance the effectiveness of health policies and legislation pertaining to adolescent women living in rural areas, those from economically disadvantaged households, and those with limited or no access to formal education. Such interventions could potentially reduce adolescent fertility rates and mitigate the adverse maternal and child outcomes associated with high adolescent fertility in SSA.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has provided valuable lessons that deserve deep thought to prepare for the future. The decay pattern of surface contamination by SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the residences of COVID-19 patients is important but still unknown. We collected 2,233 surface samples from 21 categories of objects in 141 residences of COVID-19 patients in Shanghai when attacked by the omicron variant in spring 2022. Several characteristics of the patients and their residences were investigated to identify relevant associations. The decay of contamination was explored to determine the persistence. Approximately 8.7% of the surface samples were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The basin, water tap, and sewer inlet had the highest positive rates, all exceeding 20%. Only time was significantly associated with the level of surface contamination with SARS-CoV-2, showing a negative association. The decrease fit a first-order decay model with a decay rate of 0.77 ± 0.07 day−1, suggesting a 90% reduction in three days. Positive associations between the cumulative number of newly diagnosed patients in the same building and the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the public corridor were significant during the three days. Our results, in conjunction with the likely lower infectivity or viability, demonstrate that fomite transmission played a limited role in COVID-19 spread. The time determined SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination, which was reduced by three days. This study is the first to show the decay patterns of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in real residential environments, providing insight into the patterns of transmission, as well as community-based prevention and control of similar threats.

Introduction: Despite the advancement in sexual and reproductive healthcare services and several public health measures aimed at controlling fertility rates, countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) still experience higher adolescent fertility rates than other low-and middle-income countries. This study examined the disparities in adolescent fertility in 39 countries in SSA, focusing on socioeconomic and residence-based dimensions. Methods: This study involved a secondary analysis of data obtained from 39 recent Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in SSA. The measures of difference (D), ratio (R), population attributable fraction (PAF), and population attributable risk (PAR) were estimated using the Health Equity Assessment Tool (HEAT) software version 3.1 developed by the World Health Organization. The measures: D, R, PAF, and PAR were used to examine the inequalities in adolescent fertility across the socioeconomic and residence-based dimensions. Results: Out of the 39 countries included in the study, Guinea (D=27.70), Niger (D=27.50), Nigeria (D=23.90), and Côte d'Ivoire (D=23.60) exhibited the most significant residence-based inequalities in the rate of adolescent fertility, with the higher rate observed among adolescents in rural areas. Rwanda was the sole country that showed a slight inclination towards rural inequality in terms of the rate of adolescent fertility, with a value of D = -0.80. The burden of adolescent fertility was disproportionately higher among young women with low economic status across all the countries, exacerbating wealth-based inequities. The countries with the largest absolute discrepancies were Nigeria (D=44.70), Madagascar (D=41.10), Guinea (D=41.00), and Cameroon (D=40.20). We found significant disparities in educational attainment contributing to unequal inequalities in adolescent fertility, particularly among young women who lack access to formal education. Countries such as Madagascar (D=59.50), Chad (D=55.30), Cameroon (D=54.60), and Zimbabwe (D=50.30) had the most significant absolute disparities. Conclusion: This study revealed that young women residing in rural areas, those in households with low economic status and those with limited educational opportunities experience a disproportionately high burden of adolescent fertility across the 39 countries in SSA. The current findings offer valuable information to governmental entities at all levels regarding the need to ensure the provision of equitable, accessible, and dependable sexual and reproductive health services to the populace, particularly for young women. Therefore, the various stakeholders need to enhance the effectiveness of health policies and legislation pertaining to adolescent women living in rural areas, those from economically disadvantaged households, and those with limited or no access to formal education. Such interventions could potentially reduce adolescent fertility rates and mitigate the adverse maternal and child outcomes associated with high adolescent fertility in SSA. Plain summary: Adolescent fertility is a major health problem for many developing countries, especially those in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Although several sexual and reproductive health initiatives have been introduced in these countries, the number of births among adolescents continues to be high. The present study looked at the socioeconomic and geographical differences in adolescent fertility across 39 countries in SSA using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys embedded into the World Health Organization's Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (WHO HEAT) software. The study found that in countries like Guinea, Niger, Nigeria, and Côte d'Ivoire, the rates of adolescent fertility varied a lot, with higher rates in rural areas. Generally, poorer young women were more likely to have babies, which made the gap between the rich and the poor even wider. Nigeria, Madagascar, Guinea, and Cameroon had the biggest differences. Education also played a role. In countries like Madagascar, Chad, Cameroon, and Zimbabwe, young women who did not go to school (had no education) were more likely to have children as teenagers. The study showed that in all 39 countries, young women living in rural areas, those who were poorer and those who did not go to school (had no education) faced a bigger problem with adolescent fertility. The study suggests that if people who make health policies pay more attention to teenage girls in the rural areas, those who are poor and do not have much education, they could make a significant difference in reducing adolescent fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work carried out a critical analysis of the professional training of the multidisciplinary residency program in adult and elderly health with an emphasis on cardiovascular care - PRIMSCAV. using bibliographical review, based on articles and reference books on the object of study, and documentary research by the PRIMSCAV Pedagogical Project and the Internal Regulations. At first, it was about the multidisciplinary residency in Brazil. Next, professional training in Social Work was explained. And in the last topic, reflections were made about PRIMSCAV, highlighting the program's conception of health training and highlighting the elements to qualify Social Service training and work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beyond cultural ties and economic demands, considerations of the conditions of the natural environment may play a role in determining which U.S. state to reside within. Every year, millions of people suffer from the effects of natural hazards such as avalanches, blizzards, earthquakes, extreme cold, extreme heat, flooding, hurricanes, severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and wildfires. The recorded actual occurrence and frequency of these natural hazards, in addition to public perception of the danger of individual natural hazards, shapes an idea of relative concern for these natural hazards. In this study we combine actual hazard occurrence data recorded from 2009-2018, with concern values gathered from an online survey of 1,326 individuals to output "vulnerability" scores for each U.S. State. Ultimately, these values help to answer the question: which U.S. States have the highest vulnerability for natural hazards? The results show that Rhode Island, New Jersey, Delaware, Illinois, and Maryland in this order received the highest vulnerability scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nematodes represent a continuous worldwide challenge with formidable burden on health and economics. Objective: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of nematodes parasitosis (NP) among pregnant women and its relation to the pregnancy-associated complications (PACs). Patients and Methods: In the current study 792 pregnant women were clinically evaluated and gave blood samples and three stool specimens per woman for parasitological evaluation. All women attended the follow-up visits and gave labor at the hospital. The frequency of PACs was determined and its relation to NP was examined statistically. Results: Multiple nematode species were detected in 185 specimens with A. lumbricoides, E. vermicularis, and T. trichiura represented 76.2% of the detected parasites in varied combinations, while T. spiralis was the least and was detected using human anti-trichinella spiralis IgG ELISA kit. The incidence of PACs was significantly higher among infected women with anemia was the commonest. The frequency of low hemoglobin concentration (HBC) was significantly higher, the average HBC was significantly lower, and the frequency of moderate and severe anemia was significantly higher among the infected women. The number of women who had instrumentally aided vaginal delivery or operative delivery was significantly higher among infected women. Conclusion: Nematode parasitosis is an ecological problem and is frequent among pregnant women especially those dependent on outdoor food staffs. Multiple-families NP is significant predictor for upcoming PACs. NP in obese pregnant women especially older ones has more deleterious impact on pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tourism & Rural Development Studies / Turisztikai és Vidékfejlesztési Tanulmányok is the property of CampInvest Kft. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has provided valuable lessons that deserve deep thought to prepare for the future. The decay pattern of surface contamination by SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the residences of COVID-19 patients is important but still unknown. We collected 2,233 surface samples from 21 categories of objects in 141 residences of COVID-19 patients in Shanghai when attacked by the omicron variant in spring 2022. Several characteristics of the patients and their residences were investigated to identify relevant associations. The decay of contamination was explored to determine the persistence. Approximately 8.7% of the surface samples were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The basin, water tap, and sewer inlet had the highest positive rates, all exceeding 20%. Only time was significantly associated with the level of surface contamination with SARS-CoV-2, showing a negative association. The decrease fit a first-order decay model with a decay rate of 0.77 ± 0.07 day−1, suggesting a 90% reduction in three days. Positive associations between the cumulative number of newly diagnosed patients in the same building and the positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the public corridor were significant during the three days. Our results, in conjunction with the likely lower infectivity or viability, demonstrate that fomite transmission played a limited role in COVID-19 spread. The time determined SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination, which was reduced by three days. This study is the first to show the decay patterns of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in real residential environments, providing insight into the patterns of transmission, as well as community-based prevention and control of similar threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rozwój Regionalny & Polityka Regionalna is the property of Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza (IH UAM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chimen an nou is intended to develop the practice of walking and cycling on a daily basis in the area of the conurbation of Cap Excellence in Guadeloupe. A contributory digital tool was combined with fieldwork and public events to disseminate sensory knowledge of the territory and invite people to experiment with new ways of getting around. This article presents a series of interactions between individual and collective practices, sensory experiences and digital tools, and a dialogue between urban architects, the GIS expert, residents and public authorities. We first look at how digital technology accompanied the project throughout the process and enabled it to evolve, we then look at how the use of open source technologies helped residents appropriate the project, and finally we study the link between sharing fragments of landscape experience on a digital map and disseminating practices in the field.

Kentlerde, kent merkezindeki yapılaşmalar yoğunlaşmış ve merkezde ihtiyaç duyulan sosyal donatılara erişim zorlaşmıştır. Ayrıca ulaşım, otopark, güvenlik gibi sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Orta ve üst sınıflara yönelik üretilen rezidans yapıları ise bahsedilen sorunları çözme vaadi vermektedir. Ancak 6 Şubat Depremleri’ nde depreme dayanıklı olarak nitelendirilen rezidansların büyük hasar aldığı veya yıkıldığı görülmektedir. Bu tezat durum hem kullanıcıların güvenini sarsmış hem de işini doğru yapanlardan bile şüphe duyulmasına neden olmuştur. Sonucunda, Türkiye’de büyük vaatlerle kullanıcıya sunulan rezidans yapılarının vaat ettiği şartları sağlayamadığı, sismik koruma yöntemleri konusunda hukuki yetersizliğin bulunduğu, proje müelliflerinin, yapı uygulayıcılarının ve denetçilerinin meslek etiği hususunda daha çok bilgi sahibi olması gerektiği ve bir mimari projenin sorumlusu olan mimarın deprem ve depremden korunma hakkında asıl bilgi sahibi kişi olması gerektiği saptanmıştır. Çalışmada rezidanslar özelinde yaşanan büyük yıkımların nedenleri araştırılmış olup, Türkiye’de bundan sonra meydana gelebilecek depremlerde aynı hataların yapılmaması ve can kayıplarının önlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

This study analyzed the survey data of the ophthalmic examination of the 5th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of cataracts in Koreans and exposure to sunlight in daily life. From January to December, 952 people in 192 districts were classified into a 2–5 h group and a group of more than 5 h of sunlight exposure, and statistical analysis using SMS version 26, including the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis, was conducted. Results: The gender difference was that women had a higher incidence of cataracts when the exposure time to sunlight was 2 to 5 h (46.7% for men, 53.3% for women, p < 0.001) and men had a higher incidence of cataracts when it was more than 5 h (62.3% for men, 36.8% for women, p < 0.001). The incidence increased significantly after age 45 for the groups of both 2 to 5 h (65.8% for men, p < 0.001) and 5 h or more (80% for p < 0.001) of sunlight exposure. In the group with 2 to 5 h of sunlight exposure, the prevalence of cataracts was high in people living in large cities, such as 52 people in Seoul (10.8%) and 63 people in Busan (13.1%), while in the group with 5 h or more, the incidence of cataracts was significantly higher in people living in rural areas, such as 36 people in Gangwon Province (7.7%) and 85 people in North Gyeongsang Province (18.1%). Through this, it was confirmed that Koreans had a higher incidence of cataracts when exposed to sunlight for more than 5 h, and differences according to socio-demographic characteristics could be identified in the case of a sunlight exposure time of 2 to 5 h or more.

Introduction: Burn is defined as any injury due to heat or acute trauma, according to the International Society of Burns Injury (ISBI). A neglected aspect of our country is the gender-specific pattern of burn injuries. This study aims to highlight the gender-based disparities of burns injuries and overcome the drastic effects of burns on an individual's life. Method: The data from the burns centre of Dr Ruth.K.M.Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi from Jan 1, 2021, to Dec 31, 2021, were retrospectively analyzed to perform this study. Different variables such as aetiology, circumstances, residence, age, TBSA, degree and occupation were recorded from the patient's files. They were compared by gender to find out any existing correlation. Results: The estimated sample size was 375, 180(48%) females, and 195(52%) were burned males. A significant correlation was found for gender with a degree of burns, aetiology, age, occupation, and residence. Whereas circumstances of burns and TBSA were non-significantly correlated to gender. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study determined that men most commonly suffer from burn injuries. In contrast, thermal injury is the most dominant etiological factor in every age group in both genders. Several risk factors are associated with a specific gender, requiring adaptive prevention and management approaches to culminate this issue.

The purpose of the article is to identify and compare the essential characteristics of migration attitudes among Ukrainian and Polish students, and to outline trends in their development in the future. Methodology. The subjects of the research are students of various courses and specialties of the Lviv National Environmental University and the University of Life Sciences in Lublin (Poland). To collect empirical information, an online survey was conducted in October 2023, with 187 Ukrainian and 187 Polish students (n=374) participating. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions, the results of which will be analysed in this study. The survey results showed that students of both higher education institutions have a rather positive attitude towards international migration processes, both women and men. Possible manifestations of student mobility can be seen as a fact that characterises the social role of modern students. Practical implications. The work is a study of young people's attitudes to migration, i.e., it is prospective, not retrospective. Such research can be extremely useful for the development of an effective socio-economic policy of the country. Since the research results reflect the moods of young people, they cannot claim to be highly predictive. However, a vision of what might happen if people's hypothetical aspirations were to become reality can be a powerful argument for politicians and statesmen in developing migration-related policies, both now and in the future. Value/Originality. Survey data from different age groups of students at two universities allow for a better understanding of their attitudes towards migration, immigration, and mobility and a comparison of these indicators in a peaceful country and in times of war. Possible manifestations of student mobility should be seen as a fact that characterises the social role of modern students. The problem, however, is that there are currently no effective mechanisms for managing these processes. There are also no mechanisms capable of ensuring the systemic effectiveness of communication links between different actors at the intercultural level, with the possibility of meeting their socio-cultural, professional and material needs in the process of socialisation of modern youth, as well as for the adequate reproduction of the intellectual potential of society as a whole. However, student emigration cannot be viewed exclusively from a negative perspective, as a "brain drain", although it is obvious that if students who study and work abroad do not return, the country loses part of its intellectual potential (Adamic, Dyachuk, 2023; Tokar, 2022). If to consider the return and emigration not as a purely territorial movement of students, but as a movement of intellectual resources, one can identify a positive trend: significant intellectual potential in the form of ideas, technologies and professional knowledge is returning to the country.

Background: Antihyperglycemic drug utilization studies are conducted frequently and describe the uptake of new drug therapies across may jurisdictions. An increasingly important, yet often absent, aspect of these studies is the impact of rurality on drug utilization. Objective(s): The objective of this study was to explore the association between place of residence (rural, urban, metropolitan) and the use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) for first treatment intensification of type 2 diabetes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 1, 2008 to March 31, 2019 of new metformin users. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between place of residence (using postal codes) and likelihood of DPP-4i dispensing. Results: After adjusting for confounders, analysis revealed that rural-dwellers are less likely to have a DPP-4i dispensed, compared with metropolitan-dwellers (aOR:0.64; 95%CI:0.61–0.67) and over-time, the uptake in rural areas was slower. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that rurality can have an impact on drug therapy decisions at first treatment intensification, with respect to the utilization of new therapies.

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura is the property of Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When it comes to qualifications, based on practical reality, professionals are directly in contact with daily health work. For the development of this study, we opted for a methodological design characterized as descriptive, of the experience report type. Action research is part of this line, as it associates research with action/practice, to describe the experience of a resident in public health, as well as their performance in a field outside the municipality of Uberlândia. During my experience, in primary care, it was possible to understand the work process and identify how nursing care was being designed. The experience in these fields of practice provided me with a dynamic and pioneering experience, as it gave me an enriching, pleasurable, and stimulating performance. It is essential to build emotional and trusting bonds, as countless life stories, individual, collective, and familiar, are intertwined with our practice, considering the occurrence of those served, seeking out residents not only to treat the problems covered by each specialty but to seek advice, overcome everyday difficulties and invest in health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]