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Resin glycosides are characteristic of plants of the Convolvulaceae family and are well-known purgative ingredients in crude drugs, such as Rhizoma Jalapae, Orizaba Jalapa Tuber, and Pharbitidis Semen, which are used in traditional medicine and derived from plants belonging to this family. Isolated resin glycosides have demonstrated diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, ionophoric, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and multidrug-resistance-modulating properties, as well as cytotoxicity against cancer cells. These compounds consist of hydroxyl fatty acid oligoglycosides (glycosidic acids), with portions of the saccharide moieties acylated with some organic acids to form the core structure. This study investigated the glycosidic acid components of a crude resin glycoside fraction obtained from a methanolic extract of Ipomoea alba L. seeds (Convolvulaceae). Eleven new glycosidic acid methyl esters and one known methyl ester were isolated from a glycosidic acid fraction treated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane in hexane. Their structures were determined using acidic hydrolysis and electrospray ionization-time of fight mass spectrometry and NMR spectral analyses. These compounds are penta-, tetra-, or triglycosides, with methyl 11S-hydroxytetradecanoate or methyl 11S-hydroxyhexadecanoate as the aglycone. Although d-quinovose and l-rhamnose are common monosaccharide components, the remaining monosaccharides are d-glucose, d-xylose, or d-fucose. The crude resin glycoside fraction showed non-negligible cytotoxicity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ipomoea muricata (L.) Jacq. seeds (Convolvulaceae) are used as a traditional laxative and carminative medicine. Muricatins XIV (1), XV (2), XVI (3), and XVII (4), were isolated from I. muricata seeds as four new resin glycosides, along with seven known compounds, three of which were isolated for the first time as natural products; their structures were determined using MS and NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 1–4 are macrolactones (jalapins); the sugar moieties of 1, 2, and 4 are partially acylated with 2S-methylbutyric acid, while that of 3 is esterified with 2S-methylbutyric and 2S-methyl-3S-hydroxybutyric acids. In addition, the antiviral activities of the seven compounds obtained in this study, together with five known compounds obtained in our previous study into resin glycosides from I. muricata seeds, were evaluated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); their cytotoxicities against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells were also investigated. All examined jalapins exhibited similar or slightly weaker anti-HSV-1 activities than acyclovir, the positive control; however, the glycosidic acid of 4 was inactive, while its methyl ester was weakly active. On the other hand, cytotoxicity testing against HL-60 cells showed similar results to those observed during anti-HSV-1 activity testing, with the exception that one jalapin was less active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new resin glycosides, muricatins XII (1) and XIII (2), were isolated from the crude resin glycoside fraction of the seeds of Ipomoea muricata (L.) Jacq. (Convolvulaceae), along with three known ones, muricatins V (3), VI (4), and IX (5). Compounds 1 and 2 contained new glycosidic acids, muricatic acids E (1a) and F (2a), respectively. The structures of these compounds were determined using data obtained from spectroscopy measurements and chemical evidence. The results suggested that 1 and 2 have macrolactone structures (jalapins). Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of the crude resin glycoside fraction and 3–5 against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukaemia cells was evaluated. All tested samples demonstrated cytotoxic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calystegia hederacea Wall. (Convolvulaceae) is a perennial herbaceous vine that grows widely in India and East Asia. All parts of this plant are used to treat various disorders such as menoxenia and gonorrhea. Four new resin glycosides, calyhedins XI (1)–XIV (4), were isolated from the rhizomes of C. hederacea. A new glycoside, calyhedin XV (5), was isolated from its leaves and stems. Alkaline hydrolysis of 1 and 2 furnished a new glycosidic acid, calyhedic acid G (1a), from 1 and a new acid, calyhedic acid H (2a), from 2 along with 2S-methylbutyric acid and 2R-methyl-3R-hydroxybutyric (2R,3R-nilic) acid. The structures of 1–5, 1a, and 2a were determined using MS and NMR spectral analyses. Compounds 1a and 2a had the same sugar moiety, β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-[O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-fucopyranose, while their aglycones were 11S-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid and 12S-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, respectively. These compounds are the first glycosidic acids, with fucose as the monosaccharide component obtained from the resin glycosides of C. hederacea. Compounds 1–5, comprising either 1a or 2a, were heptaglycosides with macrolactone structures, and their sugar moieties were partially acylated with 5 mol of organic acids comprising 2S-methylbutyric, (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoic, and 2R,3R-nilic acids. Compounds 1 and 5 had 22-membered rings, while 2–4 had 28-membered rings. In addition, 1 and 5 exhibited cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells, comparable to that of the positive control cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new resin glycosides with macrolactone structures (jalapins), namely, calyhedins VII (1)–X (4), were isolated from the rhizomes of Calystegia hederacea Wall. (Convolvulaceae). The structures of 1–4 were determined based on spectroscopic data. They were classified into three ring types: a 27-membered ring (1), a 22-membered ring (2, 3), and a 23-membered ring (4). Their sugar moieties were partially acylated using five organic acids, including (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoic acid, 2S-methylbutyric acid, and 2 R-methyl-3R-hydroxybutyric acid. Compound 4 was the first genuine resin glycoside with calyhedic acid F as the glycosidic acid component. Additionally, the cytotoxic activities of 1, 2, and 4 towards HL-60 human promyelocytic leukaemia cells were evaluated. All compounds demonstrated almost the same activity as the positive control, cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To expand the resin glycoside composition of Merremia hederacea , aerial parts of M. hederacea were collected and investigated. Two previously undescribed resin glycosides, named merremins H-I were isolated from M. hederacea , and their structures were determined based on spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. The results suggested that merremins H-I had macrolactone structures, forming 18-membered rings. Merremins H-I were evaluated for their M D R reversal activities in KB/VCR cells by the SRB method. Merremin I showed moderate M D R reversal activity and increased the cytotoxicity of vincristine by 2.8-fold when incorporated at 25 μM. [Display omitted] • Two undescribed resin glycosides were isolated from Merremia hederacea. • Merremins H-I had macrolactone structures and 18-membered rings. • Merremin I exhibited moderate multidrug resistance reversal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alkaline hydrolysis of the crude resin glycoside fraction from the leaves and stems of the plant Calystegia japonica Choisy (Convolvulaceae) yielded organic acid and glycosidic acid fractions. The organic acid fraction was esterified with p-bromophenacyl bromide to obtain p-bromophenacyl 2R-methyl-3R-hydroxybutyrate (1) and p-bromophenacyl (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoate (2). By treating the glycosidic acid fraction with trimethylsilyldiazomethane–hexane, seven new methyl esters of glycosidic acids, namely calyjaponic acid A methyl ester (3) calyjaponic acid B methyl ester (5), calyjaponic acid C methyl ester (6), calyjaponic acid D methyl ester (7), calyjaponic acid E methyl ester (8), calyjaponic acid F methyl ester (9), and calyjaponic acid G methyl ester (10), were isolated along with one known ester (4). Their structures were characterized based on spectroscopic and chemical analyses. Compounds 3–8 had the same sugar moiety, α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-O-β-D-glucopyranose, and the aglycones of 3–8 were methyl 3S,11S-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, methyl 3S,12S-dihydroxyhexadecanoate, methyl 11S-hydroxyhexadecanoate, methyl 11S-hydroxypentadecanoate, methyl 3S,11S-dihydroxypentadecanoate, and methyl 3S,12S-dihydroxypentadecanoate, respectively. Compounds 9 and 10 were derivatives of 3 and 4, respectively, in which the C-6 of the second glucosyl residue was methylated. Compounds 6–8 contained methyl esters of unusual odd-carbon fatty acids as aglycones. The cytotoxicity of the crude resin glycoside fraction and 3 against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells was evaluated further; both were either weakly active or inactive compared to the positive control, cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Pharbitidis Semen (the seeds of Pharbitis nil), traditionally used as a purgative in Japan, China and Korea, contains a resin glycoside fraction named pharbitin, which is known as a purgative ingredient. Due to the complex nature of pharbitin, little is known about either the action on intestinal tension caused by resin glycoside itself or by its components. Methods In this study, we investigated the effects of pharbitin, the glycosidic acid fraction (pharbitic acid) and the aglycone fraction (phar-genin) generated from pharbitin on peristalsis of colon and ileum isolated from mice with the Magnus method. Results We demonstrated that pharbitin (3–30 μg/mL) concentration-dependently increased tonus of mice colon via acetylcholine receptors, its components phar-genin (1.27–12.7 μg/mL) and pharbitic acid (10–1000 μg/mL) also had the increment on colon tonus. On the other hand, ileum tension decreased in the presence of pharbitin. Conclusions The effects of resin glycoside of Pharbitidis Semen on colon tonus are different with those on ileum tonus isolated from mice. In the next step it is necessary to investigate details of its pharmacological mechanism.

Scope and aimSweet potato is widely consumed as a healthy and nutritive vegetable containing bioactive constituents for health promotion. This study investigated the beneficial impact of white-fleshed sweet potato extract (SPE) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice.Methods and resultsFirst, SPE, in which resin glycoside was found as the dominant constituent, was suggested as a potential anti-obesity agent, because 20–70% pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibition was measured with SPE by in vitro turbidity assay and pNPP assay. Hence, next, the effect of SPE on obese mice was detected by oral administration of HFD supplemented with 6% SPE on C57BL/6J mice for 9 weeks. Surprisingly, being the opposite of what was typically observed from a lipase inhibitor such as orlistat, the fecal fat content in SPE-fed obese mice was decreased (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, 6% SPE supplement indeed significantly ameliorated HFD-induced obesity in mice, including body weight gain, fat accumulation, adipocyte enlargement, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis (p < 0.05). The improved liver steatosis was found associated with a down-regulating action of SPE on nuclear factor kappa B activation in HFD-fed mice. The anti-obesity influence of SPE was also confirmed on the HepG2 cell model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).ConclusionThese results indicate that SPE, as a dietary supplement, has the great potential for weight control and treating hepatic steatosis, possibly through a different action mechanism from that of orlistat.

Purpose: Ipomoea aquatica belongs to convulvulaceae family and finds use in various ailments including anticancer activity. A secondary metabolite merromoside (a resin glycoside) isolated from this plant is evaluated for anti-breast cancer activity through in vivo studies. Methods: The Extract of the whole plant has been prepared by maceration method using 50%v/v ethanol in distilled water to get a hydroalcoholic extract. The phytochemical evaluation reveals that the active secondary metabolite was isolated by using column chromatographic technique. The isolated compound was evaluated for its anticancer properties through invivo method using 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mice models. Results: The isolated compound (W04) from the plant extract was found to have a significant enzymatic antioxidant effects and percentage reduction of tumour cells of DMBA induced breast tissue of Sprague dawley rats. Conclusion: The isolated compound merromoside from hydroalcoholic extract of Ipomoea aquatica has been evaluated for anti-breast cancer properties. The down regulation of inflammatory cytokines, P-gp efflux & ROS species will prevent reverse signalling and angiogenesis. This indicates that merromoside isolated from Ipomoea aquatica will overcome MDR (multi-drug resistance) in breast cancer especially DOX-resistant (Doxorubicin) and also it will be further used to develop drug formulations in order to overcome world challenges in cancer treatment

Background: Pharbitidis Semen (the seeds of Pharbitis nil), traditionally used as a purgative in Japan, China and Korea, contains a resin glycoside fraction named pharbitin, which is known as a purgative ingredient. Due to the complex nature of pharbitin, little is known about either the action on intestinal tension caused by resin glycoside itself or by its components. Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of pharbitin, the glycosidic acid fraction (pharbitic acid) and the aglycone fraction (phar-genin) generated from pharbitin on peristalsis of colon and ileum isolated from mice with the Magnus method. Results: We demonstrated that pharbitin (3–30 μg/mL) concentration-dependently increased tonus of mice colon via acetylcholine receptors, its components phar-genin (1.27–12.7 μg/mL) and pharbitic acid (10–1000 μg/mL) also had the increment on colon tonus. On the other hand, ileum tension decreased in the presence of pharbitin. Conclusions: The effects of resin glycoside of Pharbitidis Semen on colon tonus are different with those on ileum tonus isolated from mice. In the next step it is necessary to investigate details of its pharmacological mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new glycosidic acids, calyhedic acids E (1a) and F (2a), were isolated from the glycosidic acid fraction afforded by alkaline hydrolysis of the crude resin glycoside fraction obtained from whole plants of Calystegia hederacea Wall. Compounds 1a and 2a were characterised as 11S-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid 11-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-quinovopyranoside and an isomer of 1a, in which the 11S-hydroxyhexadecanoyl residue of 1a was replaced by a 12S-hydroxyhexadecanoyl residue, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new glycosidic acids, evolvulic acids B and C (1 and 2), along with a known one, evolvulic acid A (3), were isolated from the glycosidic acid fraction afforded by alkaline hydrolysis of crude resin glycosides from Evolvulus alsinoides whole plants. Their structures were characterized by the spectroscopic data and chemical evidences. Compounds 1 and 2 are both defined as tetrasaccharides, composed of D-fucose, D-glucose, L-rhamnose or D-galactose units. Their aglycones are identified to be a distinctive 3S,11R,14R-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, which is only discovered from E. alsinoides up to now. The cytotoxic and anti-migration activities of compounds 1–3 were also tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resin glycosides act as laxatives in crude drugs derived from plants of the Convolvulaceae family. These compounds have exhibited antibacterial, ionophoric, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and multidrug resistance-modulating properties, as well as cytotoxicity against cancer cells. This study investigated the organic acid, hydroxyl fatty acid, monosaccharide, and glycosidic acid components of the crude resin glycoside fraction obtained from the methanol extract of Ipomoea alba L. (Convolvulaceae) seeds, which was subjected to alkaline and acidic hydrolysis. The alkaline hydrolysis yielded acetic, isobutyric, (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoic, and 2 S -methyl-3 S -hydroxybutyric acids as organic acid components, along with a glycosidic acid fraction. The acidic hydrolysis of the glycosidic acid fraction resulted in the isolation of 11 S -hydroxytetradecanoic and 11 S -hydroxyhexadecanoic acids as hydroxyl fatty acid components, as well as d -glucose, d -quinovose, d -fucose, d -xylose, and l -rhamnose as monosaccharide components. In addition, 10 new glycosidic acid methyl esters were isolated from the glycosidic acid fraction treated with trimethylsilyldiazomethane–hexane, along with one known glycosidic acid methyl ester. Of these, eight compounds contained new glycans. Four of these compounds were unusual natural glycosides with four glycosidic linkages to one monosaccharide. Their structures were determined using MS and NMR spectral analyses, which provided valuable insights into the unique glycosidic composition of I. alba seeds. [Display omitted] • The components of the resin glycoside fraction of Ipomoea alba were studied. • Ten new glycosidic acids were isolated as methyl esters. • Of the glycosidic acid methyl esters isolated, eight contained new glycans. • Four methyl esters had four glycosidic linkages to one monosaccharide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resin glycosides are well known as the purgative ingredients, which are characteristic of convolvulaceous plants. Calystegia hederacea Wall. is a perennial herbaceous vine that is widespread throughout India and East Asia. All parts of this plant are used for the treatment of menoxenia, gonorrhea, etc. Alkaline hydrolysis of the crude resin glycoside fraction of the whole plants of C. hederacea yielded four new glycosidic acids, calyhedic acids A, B, C, and D, along with two known glycosidic acids, calysolic acids A and C, and three known organic acids, 2S-methylbutyric, tiglic, and 2R,3R-nilic acids. Their structures were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. Calyhedic acids A, B, and D were penta-, hexa-, and hepta-glycosides of 12S-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, respectively, and cayhedic acid C was an isomer of calyhedic acid D, in which the 12S-hydroxyhexadecanoyl residue of calyhedic acid D was replaced by a 11S-hydroxyhexadecanoyl residue. Additionally, cytotoxic activity toward HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells of the crude resin glycoside fraction, the glycosidic acid fraction, calyhedic acid A, and calysolic acid A from C. hederacea was evaluated. Furthermore, to clarify the structure–activity relationship of resin glycosides, the activities of six genuine resin glycosides with calysolic acid A or calysolic acid C as the glycosidic acid, which were isolated from C. soldanella, were examined. Among them, the crude resin glycoside fraction and five genuine resin glycosides with macrolactone structures demonstrated clear cytotoxic activities, while the glycosidic acid fraction, calyhedric acid A, calysolic acid A, and a genuine non-macrolactone-type resin glycoside were either inactive or exhibited weaker activity than the tested macrolactone-type resin glycosides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resin glycosides are commonly found in plants belonging to the Convolvulaceae family. Ipomoea lacunosa L. (Convolvulaceae) is an herbaceous vine native to the United States. The resin glycosides of this plant have not been studied in detail. In this study, the components of the crude resin glycoside fraction extracted from the seeds of I. lacunosa are characterized. Alkaline hydrolysis of the crude resin glycoside fraction obtained from methanolic extract of the seeds yielded three organic acids, namely, 2 S -methylbutyric, (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoic, and 2 R -methyl-3 R -hydroxybutyric acids, and a glycosidic acid fraction. Acidic hydrolysis of the glycosidic acid fraction yielded hydroxyl fatty acid components, including 7 S -hydroxydecanoic, 11 S -hydroxytetradecanoic, 11 S -hydroxyhexadecanoic, 3 S ,11 S -dihydroxytetradecanoic, 3 S ,11 S -dihydroxyhexadecanoic, and 3 S ,12 S -dihydroxyhexadecanoic acids, as well as monosaccharide components, including d -glucose, d -quinovose, d -fucose, and l -rhamnose. Trimethylsilyldiazomethane–hexane treatment of the glycosidic acid fraction further yielded eleven previously undescribed glycosidic acid methyl esters and two known glycosidic acid methyl esters. The structures of the obtained compounds were characterized using various spectral techniques. Four of the undescribed compounds were hexaglycosides, five were heptaglycosides, and two were octaglycosides. The aglycone of these compounds was either methyl 11 S -hydroxytetradecanoate, methyl 3 S ,11 S -dihydroxytetradecanoate, or methyl 3 S ,11 S -dihydroxyhexadecanoate. Among the undescribed compounds identified, eight contained novel glycans, and three were rare bisdesmosides with sugar linkages at the C-3 and C-11 positions of methyl 3 S ,11 S -dihydroxytetradecanoate. [Display omitted] • Thirteen glycosidic acid components of I. lacunosa were isolated as methyl esters. • Of the glycosidic acid methyl esters isolated, eleven were undescribed compounds. • Eight glycosidic acid methyl esters contained undescribed glycans. • Two of the undescribed glycosidic acid methyl esters were octaglycosides. • Three glycosidic acid methyl esters were rare bisdesmosides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological effects attributed to resin glycosides, including cytotoxicity against cancer cells and antibacterial, multidrug resistance-modulating, and antiviral activities have been documented. Penta-glycosides composed of calysolic acid A or calyhedic acid A, which are glycosidic acid components of the crude resin glycoside fraction of Calystegia hederacea , have not yet been isolated from this plant. In this study, eight new resin glycosides, termed calyhedins XVI (1)–XXIII (8), were isolated from the rhizomes of C. hederacea. Compounds 1 – 8 are penta- or hexa-glycosides with macrolactone structures, and their sugar moieties are partially acylated by five organic acids, including 2 S -methylbutyric, (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoic, and 2 R -methyl-3 R -hydroxybutyric acids. Compounds 1 – 5 are the first identified macrocyclic resin glycosides with five monosaccharides obtained from this plant, and 2 and 4 are the first to be characterized as containing calyhedic acid A as the glycosidic acid component. Compounds 1 – 8 were of the four following macrolactone types: one with a 22-membered ring (5), another with a 23-membered ring (6 – 8), the third with a 27-membered ring (1 , 3), and the fourth with a 28-membered ring (2 , 4). Compounds 2 – 8 exhibited cytotoxic activity against HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells comparable to that of the positive control, cisplatin. [Display omitted] • Eight new resin glycosides were isolated from Calystegia hederacea. • The new compounds are penta- or hexa-glycosides partially acylated by five organic acids. • The new compounds could be classified into four macrolactone structures. • Seven new compounds showed cytotoxic activities against HL-60 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HPLC-off-line-ESIMS was applied to dereplicate acylsugars. Dereplication included the recording of [M+Na]+ and [M – H]– ions. Recycling HPLC was used for the purification of tricolorins K-M. Acylsugar diversity results from variations in the esterification of sugar cores. Tricolorin A exerted a potentiation of vinblastine susceptibility in MCF-7 cells. Mexican morning glory, Ipomoea tricolor Cav., is native to America and widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. High performance liquid chromatography profiling coupled with off-line electrospray mass spectrometry detection was applied to identify novel acylsugar from the CHCl 3 -soluble resin glycoside from seeds. Dereplication of known tricolorins A-J included the recording of mass values for ions [M + Na]+ and [M – H]−, in addition to comparison of retention times. Recycling HPLC was used for the purification of novel tricolorins K-M. NMR analysis revealed acylation at the C-2 and C-4 positions on the third pyranose unit of the tetrasaccharides by short chain aliphatic acyl groups. Acylsugar diversity results from variations in the esterification of sugar cores. Tricolorin A at a concentration of 25 μ g/ml exerted a strong potentiation of vinblastine susceptibility in multidrug-resistant human breast carcinoma cells with a reversal factor of 2164-fold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven new resin glycosides, multifidins III (1)-IX (7), were isolated from the seeds of Quamoclit × multifida (syn. Q. sloteri House) (Convolvulaceae), along with five known glycosides, quamoclinic acid B methyl ester (8), operculin XIII (9), quamoclin I (10), QM-10 (11), and QM-12 (12). Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. These compounds were of two different types, i.e., those with macrolactone structures and those with non-macrolactone structures. Additionally, cytotoxic activity towards HL-60 human leukemia cells of 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12 was evaluated. Among them, macrolactone-type resin glycosides (jalapins), 1, 2, and 9, specifically demonstrated clear cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 3.46, 14.7, and 10.9 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new resin glycoside (1) was isolated from the whole plants of Evolvulus alsinoides. • Compound 1 has a distinctive 3S,11R,14R-trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid acting as the aglycone. • Compounds 1 and 2 are interconvertible via intramolecular transesterification. A new resin glycoside named evolvulin III (1) was isolated from the whole plants of Evolvulus alsinoides. Compound 1 was identified as a pentasaccharide macrolactone with a distinctive 3 S ,11 R ,14 R -trihydroxyhexadecanoic acid acting as the aglycone. Interestingly, evolvulin III (1) is interconvertible with a known resin glycoside, namely, evolvulin II (2), by intramolecular transesterification. The structure of compound 1 was determined by spectroscopic data and the chemical analysis of the equilibrium mixture of 1 and 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six pentasaccharide resin glycosides from Ipomoea cairica, including four new acylated pentasaccharide resin glycosides, namely cairicoside I–IV (1–4) and the two known compounds cairicoside A (5) and cairicoside C (6), were isolated from the aerial parts of Ipomoea cairica. Their structures were established by a combination of spectroscopic, including two dimensional (2D) NMR and chemical methods. The core of the six compounds was simonic acid A, and they were esterfied the same sites, just differing in the substituent groups. The lactonization site of the aglycone was bonded to the second saccharide moiety at C-2 in 1–4, and at C-3 in 5–6. Compounds 1 and 5, 4 and 6 were two pairs of isomers. The absolute configuration of the aglycone in 1–6 which was (11S)-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (jalapinolic acid) was established by Mosher’s method. Compounds 1–4 have been evaluated for inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, which all showed inhibitory activities.

Four new resin glycosides having macrolactone structures (jalapins), murasakimasarins I-IV, were isolated from the tubers of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (‘Murasakimasari’, Convolvulaceae), along with three known glycosides. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence. Murasakimasarin III is the first representative of a resin glycoside with 10-methylundecanoic acid as the component organic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, three compounds were isolated from Argyreia acuta , among them, compounds 1 and 2 were new and Compounds 1 and 3 were isomers. They were separated by several types of columns, such as normal phase, RP, size exclusion and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by several spectroscopic methods, such as 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-TOF-MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new resin glycoside, named calysolin XVIII (1), was isolated from the leaves, stems and roots ofCalystegia soldanellaRoem. et Schult. (Convolvulaceae). The structure of1was defined as 11S-jalapinolic acid 11-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-O-(2-O-2S-methylbutyryl,4-O-3-hydroxy-2-methylenebutyryl)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-[O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-O-(34-di-O-2S-methylbutyryl)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)]-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-quinovopyranoside, intramolecular 1,2″′″′-ester on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compound1is the first known resin glycoside to feature 3-hydroxy-2-methylenebutyric acid as a component organic acid. In addition,1demonstrated an antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1, with an IC50value 2.3 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Resin glycosides are well known as purgative ingredients, which are characteristic of certain crude drugs such as Mexican Scammony Radix, Orizabae Tuber, and Jalapae Tuber, all of which originate from Convolvulaceae plants. Depending on their solubility in ether, these are roughly classified into two groups-jalapin (soluble) and convolvulin (insoluble). Almost all jalapins hitherto isolated and characterized had common intramolecular macrocyclic ester structures. These are composed of 1 mol of oligoglycoside of hydroxyl fatty acid (glycosidic acid) partially acylated by some organic acids at the sugar moiety, some examples of which are ester-type dimers. On the other hand, convolvulin is regarded as an oligomer of a variety of acylated glycosidic acids. This review describes the isolation and structural elucidation of resin glycosides from some Convolvulaceae plants, including Ipomoea operculata, Pharbitis nil, Quamoclit pennata, Calystegia soldanella, and I. muricata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new partially acylated resin glycosides were isolated from convolvulin of Ipomoea purga, Ipomoea stans, and Ipomoea murucoides (Convolvulaceae). The structures of compounds 1-6 were elucidated by a combination of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The structure of jalapinoside B ( 1) consists of a hexasaccharide core bonded to an 11-hydroxytetradecanoic (convolvulinic) acid forming a macrolactone acylated by a 2-methylbutanoyl, a 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl, and a quamoclinic acid B units. Purginoic acid A ( 2) contains a hexasaccharide core bonded to a convolvulinic acid acylated by a 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl unit. Stansin A ( 4) is an ester-type heterodimer, and consists of two stansoic acid A ( 3) units, acylated by 2-methylbutanoic and 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acids. The site of lactonization was located at C-3 of Rhamnose, and the position for the ester linkage of the monomeric unit B on the macrolactone unit A was established as C-4 of the terminal rhamnose. Compounds 5 and 6 are glycosidic acids. Murucinic acid II ( 5) is composed of a pentasaccharide core bonded to an 11-hydroxyhexadecanoic (jalapinolic) acid, acylated by an acetyl unit. Stansinic acid I ( 6) is a tetrasaccharide core bonded to a jalapinolic acid, acylated by 2-methylbutanoyl and 3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl units. Preliminary testing showed the cytotoxicity of compounds 1-6 toward OVCAR and UISO-SQC-1 cancer cell lines. In addition, compound 1 showed an antiproliferative activity on glioma C6 and RG2 tumor cell lines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, two new compounds from Ipomoea cairica were identified and demonstrated to have α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. They were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and sephadex LH-20 and finally purified by prep-HPLC, with their structures being elucidated by spectroscopic methods, such as 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-TOF-MS, and chemical methods. Compounds 1 and 2 , named cairicoside A and cairicoside B, were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity by the MTT method, with the IC 50 values being 25.3 ± 1.6 and 28.5 ± 3.3 μmol·L −1 , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new compounds of acutacosides 1 and 2, pentasaccharide resin glycosides were isolated from the aerial parts of Argyreia acuta. The core of the two compounds was operculinic acid A, and they were esterfied at the same position, just one substituent group was linked at C-2 of Rha. The absolute configuration of the aglycone in the two compounds was established by Mosher's method, which was (11S)-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (jalapinolic acid). Their structures were established by a combination of spectroscopic and chemical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present in this paper the efficient synthesis of three macrocyclic lactone units which are core structures of natural resin glycosides by the use of a Keck macrolactonization approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methanol-soluble extract from the root of Ipomoea tyrianthina was studied in order to isolate compounds with activity on the central nervous system and vasorelaxant effects. Chromatographic methods were used to isolate and purify seven new glycolipids ( 2- 8). The structures of compounds 1- 8 were elucidated by a combination of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Tyrianthinoic acid ( 1) is a glycosidic acid composed of a linear pentasaccharide core bonded to a 11-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid. The structure of tyrianthinic acids III ( 2), IV ( 3), and V ( 4) consists of a partially acylated tyrianthinoic acid. Tyrianthinic acid VI ( 8) is a tetrasaccharide core bonded to a jalapinolic acid, acylated by a 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoic acid. Tyrianthins C ( 5), D ( 6), and E ( 7) are ester-type heterodimers of scammonic acid A with different acylating residues in the two monomeric units. The macrolactonization site was located at C-3 of the rhamnose unit. The position of the ester linkage for monomeric unit B on the macrocyclic unit A was established at C-4 of the terminal quinovose. Compounds 5- 7 increased the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital and the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid in brain cortex. In addition, compounds 5- 7 showed significant in vitro relaxant effects on aortic rat rings, in endothelium- and concentration-dependent manners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stansin 6 a tetrasaccharide resin glycoside isolated from the root of Ipomoea stans was evaluated as anticonvulsant and neuroprotective in kainic acid-induced seizures of rats. Intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid (10 mg/kg) induced typical behavioral seizures such as wet dog shakes and limbic seizures, and histopathological changes in the hippocampus (degeneration and loss of pyramidal cells in CA1 to CA4 areas). Stansin 6 (10–80 mg/kg) had no effect on the behavior of rats and did not induce hippocampal damage. Pretreatment with stansin 6 inhibited convulsions in rats from kainic acid-induced seizures, reduced the degeneration pattern in the CA3 region, decreased astrocytic reactivity, and reduced the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α induced by kainic acid. These results suggest that stansin 6 possesses neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new intact resin glycoside (3) and two glycosidic acids (1 and 2), all having a common trisaccharide moiety and (11S)-hydroxytetradecanoic acid or (3S,11S)-dihydroxytetradecanoic acid as the aglycone, were obtained from the roots of Porana duclouxii. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and chemical correlations. These compounds represent the first examples of resin glycosides from the genus Porana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scope and Aim: Sweet potato is widely consumed as a healthy and nutritive vegetable containing bioactive constituents for health promotion. This study investigated the beneficial impact of white-fleshed sweet potato extract (SPE) on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice., Methods and Results: First, SPE, in which resin glycoside was found as the dominant constituent, was suggested as a potential anti-obesity agent, because 20-70% pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibition was measured with SPE by in vitro turbidity assay and pNPP assay. Hence, next, the effect of SPE on obese mice was detected by oral administration of HFD supplemented with 6% SPE on C57BL/6J mice for 9 weeks. Surprisingly, being the opposite of what was typically observed from a lipase inhibitor such as orlistat, the fecal fat content in SPE-fed obese mice was decreased ( p < 0.01). Meanwhile, 6% SPE supplement indeed significantly ameliorated HFD-induced obesity in mice, including body weight gain, fat accumulation, adipocyte enlargement, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis ( p < 0.05). The improved liver steatosis was found associated with a down-regulating action of SPE on nuclear factor kappa B activation in HFD-fed mice. The anti-obesity influence of SPE was also confirmed on the HepG2 cell model for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)., Conclusion: These results indicate that SPE, as a dietary supplement, has the great potential for weight control and treating hepatic steatosis, possibly through a different action mechanism from that of orlistat., Competing Interests: Author XY was employed by Suzhou Kosmode Biotechnology Company. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer FZ declared a shared affiliation with the author YY to the handling editor at the time of review., (Copyright © 2022 Liu, Wu, Chen, Pan, Yin, You, Song, Li and Huang.)

Purpose: The medicinal plant Ipomoea aquatica belonging to convulvulaceae family is an effective natural herb for treatment of various ailments and possesses effective anticancer activity. The aim of the work is to characterize a secondary metabolite merromoside (a resin glycoside) for anti-breast cancer activity through down regulation of ROS species., Methods: The Extract of the whole plant has been prepared by maceration method using 50%v/v ethanol in distilled water to get a hydroalcoholic extract. The phytochemical evaluation reveals that the active secondary metabolite was isolated by using column chromatographic technique. The isolated compound was evaluated for its anticancer properties through invitro method such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 Cell lines. The purity and structural characterization were done by high-performance thin layer chromatography, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Proton and13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry., Results: The isolated compound (W04) from the derived extract showed Rf value of 0.79 that showed IC50 of 182.8μg/ml. The chemical structure of W04 has been confirmed as [4,5-dihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-6-[(24,25,26-trihydroxy-5,23-dimethyl-9-oxo-19-pentyl-2,4,8,20,22-pentaoxatricyclo[19.2.2.13,7]hexacosan-6-yl)oxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] 2-methyl propanoate with the molecular weight of 979.15268. The isolated compound merromoside from hydroalcoholic extract of Ipomoea aquatica has been evaluated for anti-breast cancer properties. The down regulation of ROS species will prevent reverse signalling and angiogenesis. This indicates that merromoside will overcome MDR in breast cancer especially DOX-resistant.

Highlights: [•] Six partially acylated pentasaccharide resin glycosides were isolated from Ipomoea cairica. [•] The absolute configuration of the aglycone was established as 11S by Mosher’s method. [•] The monosaccharides of cairicosides A–F were proved by GC–MS. [•] The cytotoxic activities of the pentasaccharide resin glycosides were evaluated in vitro. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Two new glycosidic acids, multifidinic acids F and G, were isolated from the glycosidic acid fraction afforded by alkaline hydrolysis of the ether-insoluble resin glycoside (convolvulin) fraction from the seeds of Quamoclit × multifida (syn. Q. sloteri House, Convolvulaceae), a hybrid between Q. pennata and Q. coccinea. The two compounds are the third and fourth examples of bisdesmosides of glycosidic acids having sugar linkages at C-3 of 3,11-dihydroxytetradecanoic acid (ipurolic acid) as well as at C-11. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Batatins III–VI (1–4), glycolipid ester-type dimers, were isolated from the tuberous roots of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) using recycle high performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were characterized by means of several high-resolution NMR and mass spectrometry techniques. These compounds are the first examples of ester-type dimers which consist of two units of the heterotetrasaccharide operculinic acid C. Each unit was esterified by a different amount and type of acid residues: (2S)-methylbutanoic, cinnamic, decanoic (capric) and dodecanoic (lauric) acids. Batatins III–VI (1–4) are an example of the presence of a large number of resin glycoside congeners in each morning glory species caused by partial acylation of their constitutive saccharide cores. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Aim of the study: Ipomoea tyrianthina has been used in Mexican traditional medicine as a mild purgative, for the treatment of nervous disorders, and against tumors. In this study, the effect of convolvulin (an ether-insoluble resin glycoside) from the root of Ipomoea tyrianthina on: Central Nervous System; as spasmolytic and vasodilator; cytotoxic against cancer cell lines is evaluated. Materials and methods: Convolvulin isolated from the root of Ipomoea tyrianthina (IT-EM) was tested on pentylentetrazole induced seizures, pentobarbital-induced hypnosis, release of GABA and glutamic acid, isolated rat aorta and ileum rings, and against Caco-2 and KB cell lines. Results: IT-EM increased the hypnotic effect induced by pentobarbital and the release of GABA in brain cortex of mice, but did not protect mice against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions. IT-EM produced a significant vasodilator effect in concentration- and endothelium-dependent manners on isolated rat aorta, but did not inhibit significantly contractions on rat ileum, colon, and jejune rings. IT-EM showed cytotoxic activity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma KB cell line. Conclusions: Convolvulin (IT-EM) from Ipomoea tyrianthina has sedative effect, vasorelaxant effect in concentration- and endothelium-dependent manners, and cytotoxic activity against nasopharyngeal carcinoma KB cell line. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

lkaline hydrolysis of the ether-insoluble resin glycoside (convolvulin) fraction of the seeds of Quamoclit × multifida (syn. Q. sloteri House, Convolvulaceae), a hybrid between Q. pennat and Q. coccinea, gave three new glycosidic acids (maltifidinic acids C, D, and E) along with three known glycosidic acids (quamoclinic acids B, C, and D) and four organic acids (2 S-methylbutyric, tiglic, 2 R,3 R-nilic, and 7 S-hydroxydecanoic acids). The structures of the new glycosidic acids were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Pescaprein XVIII (1), a type of bacterial efflux pump inhibitor, was obtained from the CHCl3-soluble resin glycosides of beach morning glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae). The glycosidation sequence for pescaproside C, the glycosidic acid core of the lipophilic macrolactone 1 containing d-xylose and l-rhamnose, was characterized by means of several NMR techniques and FAB mass spectrometry. Recycling HPLC also yielded eight non-cytotoxic bacterial resistance modifiers, the two pescapreins XIX (2) and XX (3) as well as the known murucoidin VI (4), pecapreins II (6) and III (7), and stoloniferins III (5), IX (8) and X (9), all of which contain simonic acid B as their oligosaccharide core. Compounds 1–9 were tested for in vitro antibacterial and resistance-modifying activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus possessing multidrug resistance efflux mechanisms. All of the pescapreins potentiated the action of norfloxacin against the NorA over-expressing strain by 4-fold (8μg/mL from 32μg/mL) at a concentration of 25μg/mL. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Oligosaccharide-containing macrolides of resin glycosides were effectively constructed by MeOTf-promoted intramolecular glycosylation of dodecyl thioglycosyl donors. Synthesis of a key disaccharide intermediate of tricolorin A and total synthesis of tricolorin F were successfully achieved by this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A protected trisaccharide imidate, 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-O-chloroacetyl-3-O-benzyl-4-isobutyryl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-2-O-isobutyryl-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate (1), has been synthesized by a block synthesis approach. Compound 1 can serve as a key intermediate in the total synthesis of resin glycoside merremoside H2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Alkaline hydrolysis of the ether-soluble resin glycoside (jalapin) fraction of the leaves and stems of Ipomoea digitata L. (Convolvulaceae) gave six organic acids, isobutyric, ( S)-2-methylbutyric, tiglic, n-decanoic, n-dodecanoic, and cinnamic acids, and two glycosidic acids, quamoclinic acid A and operculinic acid A. Further, a new genuine resin glycoside, named digitatajalapin I, was isolated from the jalapin fraction, along with three known resin glycosides. Their structures have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: As part of an ongoing project to identify oligosaccharides which modulate bacterial multidrug resistance, the CHCl3-soluble extract from flowers of a Mexican arborescent morning glory, Ipomoea murucoides, through preparative-scale recycling HPLC, yielded five lipophilic tetrasaccharide inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus multidrug efflux pumps, murucoidins XII–XVI (1–5). The macrocyclic lactone-type structures for these linear hetero-tetraglycoside derivatives of jalapinolic acid were established by spectroscopic methods. These compounds were tested for in vitro antibacterial and resistance modifying activity against strains of Staphylococcus aureus possessing multidrug resistance efflux mechanisms. Only murucoidin XIV (3) displayed antimicrobial activity against SA-1199B (MIC 32μg/ml), a norfloxacin-resistant strain that over-expresses the NorA MDR efflux pump. The four microbiologically inactive (MIC>512μg/ml) tetrasaccharides increased norfloxacin susceptibility of this strain by 4-fold (8μg/ml from 32μg/ml) at concentrations of 25μg/ml, while murucoidin XIV (3) exerted the same potentiation effect at a concentration of 5μg/ml. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Six previously undescribed resin glycosides, calyhedins I–VI, were isolated from the rhizomes of Calystegia hederacea Wall., which are the first genuine resin glycosides isolated from C. hederacea. The structures of calyhedins I–VI were determined based on spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. All the compounds have macrolactone structures (jalapins), and their sugar moieties were partially acylated by five organic acids. Calyhedins I, II–V, and VI have 27-, 28-, and 23-membered rings, respectively, and calyhedins IV–VI are the first jalapins with a sugar chain consisting of seven monosaccharides. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity of calyhedins II and III toward HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells was evaluated. Both compounds demonstrated almost the same activity as the positive control, cisplatin. [Display omitted] • Six undescribed resin glycosides were isolated from Calystegia hederacea. • These are the first genuine resin glycosides isolated from C. hederacea. • All six compounds have a macrolactone structure. • Three of the compounds have a sugar chain consisting of seven monosaccharides. • Two compounds demonstrated cytotoxic activities toward HL-60 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]