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An important window into sensorimotor function is how humans interact and stop moving projectiles, such as stopping a door from closing shut or catching a ball. Previous studies have suggested that humans time the initiation and modulate the amplitude of their muscle activity based on the momentum of the approaching object. However, real-world experiments are constrained by laws of mechanics, which cannot be manipulated experimentally to probe the mechanisms of sensorimotor control and learning. An augmented-reality variant of such tasks allows for experimental manipulation of the relationship between motion and force to obtain novel insights into how the nervous system prepares motor responses to interact with moving stimuli. Existing paradigms for studying interactions with moving projectiles use massless object and are primarily focused on quantifying gaze and hand kinematics. Here, we developed a novel collision paradigm using a robotic manipulandum where participants mechanically stopped a virtual object moving in the horizontal plane. On each block of trials, we varied the virtual object’s momentum by increasing either its speed or mass. Participants stopped the object by applying a force impulse that matched the object momentum. We observed that arm force increased as a function of object momentum linked to changes in virtual mass or speed, mirroring results from studies involving catching free-falling objects. In addition, increasing object speed resulted in later onset of hand force relative to the impending time-to-contact. These findings show that the present paradigm can be used to determine how humans process projectile motion for hand motor control.

This article deals with the almost surely exponential synchronization issue for complex dynamical networks (CDNs) under noise control. Different from most of the existing literature, aperiodically intermittent discrete observations noise control is proposed. It is worth noting that the state in noise work time is discretely observed rather than continuously. Meanwhile, some sufficient conditions are presented based on stochastic analytical techniques and the Lyapunov method. Besides, the upper bounds of noise rest rate and the time lag between two consecutive observations are estimated. Moreover, it is clear that CDNs are easier to achieve the almost surely exponential synchronization when noise control gain becomes larger. To demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of analytical results, two applications about single-link robot arm systems as well as second-order oscillator systems are given. At the same time, some numerical simulations are exhibited.

As a large proportion of road accidents occur at intersections, monitoring traffic safety of intersections is important. Existing approaches are designed to investigate accidents in lane-based traffic. However, such approaches are not suitable in a lane-less mixed-traffic environment where vehicles often ply very close to each other. Hence, we propose an approach called Siamese Interaction Long Short-Term Memory network (SILSTM) to detect collision prone vehicle behavior. The SILSTM network learns the interaction trajectory of a vehicle that describes the interactions of a vehicle with its neighbors at an intersection. Among the hundreds of interactions for every vehicle, there maybe only some interactions which may be unsafe and hence, a temporal attention layer is used in the SILSTM network. Furthermore, the comparison of interaction trajectories requires labeling the trajectories as either unsafe or safe, but such a distinction is highly subjective, especially in lane-less traffic. Hence, in this work, we compute the characteristics of interaction trajectories involved in accidents using the collision energy model. The interaction trajectories that match accident characteristics are labeled as unsafe while the rest are considered safe. Finally, there is no existing dataset that allows us to monitor a particular intersection for a long duration. Therefore, we introduce the SkyEye dataset that contains 1 hour of continuous aerial footage from each of the 4 chosen intersections in the city of Ahmedabad in India. A detailed evaluation of SILSTM on the SkyEye dataset shows that unsafe (collision-prone) interaction trajectories can be effectively detected at different intersections., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems

This paper proposes a novel differential kinematics of elastic tendons for tendon-driven manipulators where tendons transmit actuator force/torque to remote links via a train of pulleys. The local variability of tension and longitudinal speed in each tendon is carefully investigated in terms of the rest lengths of the virtually partitioned tendon segments along the tendon. A significant attention is paid to building a proper friction-tension mechanic model between the pulleys and tendons to identify the no-slip points that are important to be used as kinematic constraints. The kinematic relations of tendon are obtained for two possible types of tendon-pulley transmission, i.e., free-free ended and fixed-free ended types, and then a complete kinematics of tendon is formulated by augmenting all the kinematic relations existing in the entire system. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the proposed kinematics of tendon by comparing with a previous simple spring model where the tension was determined by the relative positions of consecutive pulleys.

This study investigates the beat-to-beat relationships among Pulse Transit Times (PTTs) and Pulse Arrival Times (PATs) concomitantly measured from the heart to finger, ear and forehead vascular districts, and their correlations with continuous finger blood pressure. These aspects were explored in 22 young volunteers at rest and during cold pressure test (CPT, thermal stress), handgrip (HG, isometric exercise) and cyclo-ergometer pedalling (CYC, dynamic exercise). The starting point of the PTT measures was the opening of the aortic valve detected by the seismocardiogram. Results indicate that PTTs measured at the ear, forehead and finger districts are uncorrelated each other at rest, and during CPT and HG. The stressors produced district-dependent changes in the PTT variability. Only the dynamic exercise was able to induce significant changes with respect to rest in the PTTs mean values (-40%, -36% and -17%, respectively for PTTear, PTTfore, PTTfinger,), and synchronize their modulations. Similar trends were observed in the PATs. The isovolumic contraction time decreased during the stressors application with a minimum at CYC (-25%) reflecting an augmented heart contractility. The increase in blood pressure (BP) at CPT was greater than that at CYC (137 vs. 128 mmHg), but the correlations between beat-to-beat transit times and BP were maximal at CYC (PAT showed a higher correlation than PTT; correlations were greater for systolic than for diastolic BP). This suggests that pulse transit times do not always depend directly on the beat-to-beat BP values but, under specific conditions, on other factors and mechanisms that concomitantly also influence BP.

This article is concentrated on the stabilization problem of inertial memristive neural networks (IMNNs) with time-varying delay. Here, removing the reduced order method, the stabilization of delayed IMNNs is directly studied under the framework of the second-order system. To decrease control cost, the aperiodically intermittent control strategy is adopted. This strategy implies that work time (with control input) alternates with rest time (without control input), and every work or rest width may be different. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional, some algebraic criteria are achieved to guarantee the stabilization of the considered system. Note that the obtained control gains are often larger than practical needs due to the conservatism deriving from inevitable inequality scaling. For further saving control resources, an intermittent adaptive control strategy is applied to stabilize the delayed IMNNs. Finally, a numerical example is exhibited to confirm the availability of the developed theoretical outcomes.

This article provides a review of literature on the psychology of rest in athletes with the aim of advancing research and practice in this area. While the concept of rest represents an important component of several key topics in sport psychology, researchers and practitioners have paid relatively little attention to this concept and to psychological aspects of rest in particular. We review literature in three sport psychology topic areas within which the concept of rest in athletes has received theoretical or empirical attention, which are recovery, skill learning, and expertise development. For each area, we describe how rest has received little direct research attention within this literature, identify how this shortcoming limits current theory, research, and practice, and propose directions for future research and practice. We then describe a recent study that has attempted to address the paucity of research on this topic by prioritizing an understanding of the psychology of rest in athletes. We also explore reasons why rest has received little attention in sport psychology with the rationale that an increased awareness of these reasons will help advance research and practice in our field. We conclude by considering implications of our review for best practice. Lay summary: Rest is critical to athlete performance and well-being, yet researchers and practitioners have paid little attention to psychological aspects of rest. We review the sport psychology literature to identify directions for research aimed at advancing our understanding of rest and practical guidelines to help athletes obtain the rest they require. Implications for Practice Practitioners should consider that recovery following training and competitions does not just involve recovering physically; it involves recovering psychologically Recovering psychologically depends in part on engagement in high-quality sleep and wakeful resting High-quality wakeful resting involves obtaining specific resting experiences such as not thinking about or “psychologically detaching from” one’s sport.

This letter tackles the problem of estimating the state of a plant when communications are corrupted by cyber-attacks or sensor faults occur. An observer structure based on multi-hop subspace decomposition is proposed, which allows each agent to identify its observable and unobservable subspaces and to reconstruct them based on its own measurements and on the information exchanged with the rest of agents. To deal with cyber-attacks, this letter proposes a method based on weighting the information provided by agents according to an assessment of its trustworthiness. An algorithm to dynamically adjust the weighting parameters is provided and the performance of the proposed technique is assessed using a hardware-in-the-loop platform.

This chapter starts with API design strategies and then goes into API creation process and modeling. Best practices for REST API design are discussed, followed by API solution architecture. In the excercises, a simple API is designed for podcasts suscription and then modeling using RAML.

In Chapters 1 and 2, DevOps and ITIL were introduced as an independent framework/methodology, and I consciously did not make an effort to bring together the two entities. I will analyze them together in this chapter. I will dissect the big-ticket conflicts, and the chapter will set the tone for the rest of the book to follow, in other words, for creating a union between the two rather than replacing one with the other. Chapters 1 and 2 clearly specify that the two are leaders in their own respective areas, and one cannot reasonably replace the other. The question of replacement has arisen because the newer of the two, DevOps, steps on ITIL’s foot and claims to take over certain aspects of service management.

The so-called “resting state”, in which participants lie quietly with no particular inputs or outputs, represented a paradigm shift from conventional task-based studies in human neuroimaging. Our foray into rest was fruitful from both a scientific and methodological perspective, but at this point, how much more can we learn from rest on its own? While rest still dominates in many subfields, data from tasks have empirically demonstrated benefits, as well as the potential to provide insights about the mind in addition to the brain. I argue that we can accelerate progress in human neuroscience by deemphasizing rest in favor of more grounded experiments, including promising integrated designs that respect the prominence of self-generated activity while offering enhanced control and interpretability.

This study aims to determine the analysis of scientific literacy skills and the ability of teachers in developing science literacy-oriented learning in Islamic Kindergartens in Bangko City. This study uses a quantitative approach with survey techniques. Data analysis was carried out by means of quantification on each measured aspect and continued with descriptive analysis. Based on the data and discussion as described above, at the end of this study it can be concluded that in general the ability of Islamic Kindergarten teachers in Bangko City is evenly distributed in each category. The scientific literacy ability of teachers with category "A" is 8 people or about 22.22%. There are 9 teachers with literacy ability categories "B" and "C" each or about 25%, while the rest, as many as 10 people or around 27.78% are categorized as "D". In the aspect of teacher ability in developing science literacy-based learning, it is dominated by teachers with the ability category "D", as many as 12 people or about 33.33%, then followed by teachers with category "B" abilities as many as 10 people or about 27.27%. In the third place are teachers with the ability category "C" as many as 9 people or about 25%, and the rest are teachers group with category "A", which is as many as 5 people or about 13.89%. Therefore, the improvement and development of teachers' scientific literacy skills still needs to be improved

The conceptual history of Bildung, the German term for self-formation, encapsulates the ethical revolution of modern German thought, associated with the Kantian moment and its aftermath. Reshaped in modernity to respond to a post-Kantian, critical sensibility, the modern term emphasizes the reflexive, active process of self-formation, in contrast with the medieval theological sensibility which emphasized the receptive imprint of the image of God. In this article, I unpack Moses Mendelsohn’s idiosyncratic notion of Bildung. I show that what is unique, indeed, singular in Mendelssohn’s notion of Bildung is the way it merges the traditional, theological notion with the modern one. For Mendelssohn, to imitate God is to come to value one’s contingent being. The imitation of the ideal, the most perfect, is tantamount to embracing the perfectible, and the process of perfection or self-actualization. Jacobi, Mendelssohn, Bildung, Contingency, Pantheism affair, Moral Perfectionism

Head injuries, medically known as Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI) are a leading cause of seeking emergency medical care, hospitalization, long hospital stays, disabilities, rehabilitation services, case fatalities and socioeconomic losses in India. Head trauma is one of the common injuries in the old due to trivial falls, and its consequences need not be grievous always. As many of the elderly are on medication for hypertension, diabetes, and heart ailments and due to sudden rising from the bed, or even from the commode or Indian style of squatting plate develop giddiness and fall. Incidence of head injuries is rising all over the world but fortunately more than half of them is either mild or moderate amenable to management with good outcomes. They can sometimes be serious and fatal when left untreated. The epidemiology of TBI is still an enigma in the medical world due to inconsistency in the definition and classification and discrepancies in data collection. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a well-accepted tool to assess the seriousness at the first visit to stratify, monitor the prognosis, and recovery of brain functions in patients with traumatic brain injury. Seniors over the age of 60 years with head injury are generally considered to have a poor outcome. However, a recent large multicentric China epidemiologic study of minor head injury patients (GCS 13–15) reported over 90 % survival, few with minor consequences. Another large-scale retrospective study at a level II trauma centre in Florida from 2005 to 2008, too indicated that the outcome of elderly over 65 years old had a survival rate of over 80 %. I report my own autobiographical case of a closed head injury, with good outcome due to timely care and early initiation of aerobic exercise (waking & tread meal) for recovery from concussion injury due to fall in washroom, with no major post-concussive symptoms.

Many Christian converts in the Sinja Valley of Jumla, northwest Nepal, reveal that they have been struck by the Bible because it referenced real events, especially miraculous cases of healing. These miraculous events provide tangible ‘evidence’ of God’s power that somewhat replicate the expectations that people nurture with respect to the Hindu deities. In such way, miracles play an especially crucial role in supporting the conversion of women and youngsters living in large families, who, partaking as veritable protagonists in Biblical events, are turned into the as quintessentially Christian subjects of a conversion narrative that helps substantiating their radical decision vis-à-vis the rest of their family.

The constant growth in the number of cars and trucks in single industry towns is forcing road design engineers to find ways convenient for all road users and pedestrians to move at intersections. Fulfilling such conditions is a difficult task but it can be solved, especially if there are many T-shaped intersections along the entire length of the road. Most often they are located along the line of railways, heating mains, river or lake banks, parks, etc. Since there are no adjacent roads, it is possible to ensure continuous movement of cars, but only in one direction.The objective of this work is to substantiate the project aimed at ensuring unhindered traffic at T-intersections of vehicles following 50 let VLKSM street in the city of Tyumen.To achieve this objective, the method of observation and recording, as well as the analysis of operation of optical devices that regulate passage of cars at intersections were used. With newly designed travel mode, there is no infringement of rights in relation to other motorists and pedestrians since the traffic light mode for the rest of segments keeps the same counting in seconds. A system of safe pedestrian crossing is envisaged along with an improvement in the environmental component of the whole city.For initial adaptation of motorists to new conditions, it is proposed to use a side green vertical arrow attached to the traffic light and signal columns that delimit traffic lanes for a «slow merge» into the flow of those leaving the secondary road. An undeniable advantage of this type of design is the minimum cost of reconstruction of intersections. Based on author’s own observations, it can be argued that this project increases traffic of vehicles moving from the central part of the city to the eastern part by 1,5–1,8 times.

We discuss practical methods for computing the space of solutions to an arbitrary homogeneous linear system of partial differential equations with constant coefficients. These rest on the Fundamental Principle of Ehrenpreis-Palamodov from the 1960s. We develop this further using recent advances in computational commutative algebra., 31 pages, 1 figure

For the generalized mCH equation, we construct a 2-peakon solution on both the line and the circle, and we can control the size of the initial data. The two peaks at different speeds move in the same direction and eventually collide. This phenomenon is that the solution at the collision time is consistent with another solitary peakon solution. By reversing the time, we get two new solutions with the same initial value and different values at the rest of the time, which means the nonuniqueness for the equation in Sobolev spaces H s is proved for s < 3 / 2 .

This paper analyzes performance differences between GraphQL and REST API’s information retreival of a current research information system. Data regarding academic entities has been taken from the Elsevier Scopus platform. Information system architecture is shown with deployment and component diagrams. In addition to recording the implementation of the GraphQL API, the present study also discusses the results of system response gathered during information retrieval of the given entities in both APIs.

In order to solve the problem of false terrains caused by environmental interferences and tunneling effect in the conventional multi-beam seafloor terrain detection, this paper proposed a seafloor topography detection method based on fast two-dimensional (2D) Censored Mean Level Detector-statistics Constant False Alarm Rate (CMLD-CFAR) method. The proposed method uses s cross-sliding window. The target occlusion phenomenon that occurs in multi-target environments can be eliminated by censoring some of the large cells of the reference cells, while the remaining reference cells are used to calculate the local threshold. The conventional 2D CMLD-CFAR methods need to estimate the background clutter power level for every pixel, thus increasing the computational burden significantly. In order to overcome this limitation, the proposed method uses a fast algorithm to select the Regions of Interest (ROI) based on a global threshold, while the rest pixels are distinguished as clutter directly. The proposed method is verified by experiments with real multi-beam data. The results show that the proposed method can effectively solve the problem of false terrain in a multi-beam terrain survey and achieve a high detection accuracy.

In a representative democracy, some decide in the name of the rest. These elected officials are commonly gathered in public assemblies, such as parliaments, where they discuss policies, legislate, and vote on fundamental initiatives. A core aspect of such democratic processes are the plenary debates, where important public discussions take place. Many parliaments around the world are increasingly keeping the transcripts of such debates and other parliamentary data in digital formats that are accessible to the public. This is meant to increase transparency and accountability, but these records are often only provided as raw text or even as images, with little, if any, annotation and in inconsistent formats, making them difficult to analyse. Here, we present ptarl-d, an annotated corpus of debates in the Portuguese Parliament, covering the years 1976 to 2019 and representing the entire period of Portuguese democracy.

International audience; The rise in oxygen consumption during the transition from rest to exercise is faster in those who are endurance-trained than those who have sedentary lifestyles, partly due to a more efficient cardiac response. However, data regarding this acute cardiac response in trained individuals are limited to heart rate (HR), stroke volume and cardiac output. Considering this, we compared cardiac kinetics, including left ventricular (LV) strains and twist/untwist mechanics, between endurance-trained cyclists and their sedentary counterparts. Twenty young, male, trained cyclists and 23 untrained participants aged 18-25 years performed five similar constant workload exercises on a cyclo-ergometer (target HR: 130 bpm). During each session, LV myocardial diastolic and systolic linear strains, as well as torsional mechanics, were assessed using speckle-tracking echocardiography. Cardiac function was evaluated every 15s during the first minute and every 30s thereafter, until 240s. Stroke volume increased during the first 30-45s in both groups, but to a significantly greater extent in trained cyclists (31% vs 24%). Systolic parameters were similar in both groups. Transmitral peak filling velocity and peak filling rate responded faster to exercise and with greater amplitude in trained cyclists. Left ventricular filling pressure was lower in the former, while LV relaxation was greater, but only at the base of the left ventricle. Basal rotation and peak untwisting rate responded faster and to a greater extent in the cyclists. This study provides new mechanical insights into the key role of LV untwisting in the more efficient acute cardiac response of endurance-trained athletes at onset of exercise.

PURPOSE: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of local cold and heat stimuli on cutaneous thermal sensitivity and inter-threshold zone at rest and during exercise.METHODS: Cutaneous warm and cold thresholds were measured on two body regions (forehead and hand) in three types of local thermal stress environments (neutral, heat, cold) using a method of limit in sixteen young, healthy male subjects (25.44±2.28 years) at rest and during exercise.RESULTS: The results showed that the thermal inter-threshold zone was wider on the hand than on the forehead under thermal stress conditions at rest and during exercise. The thermal inter-threshold zone on both body regions widened with exercise (p

The view of God which is reasoned logically and rationally brings the concept of God as an experience and not a transcendent person. Therefore, any form of immanence theology cannot be accepted as biblical teaching. Through a literature study approach, it is concluded that the existence of a transcendent and immanent God can counter the principles of immanence theology. God is present and actively participates in the world to give believers rest in the knowledge that no place or situation is too far away to be under God's protective hands. And moreover, God is present supernaturally and transcendentally far beyond human reason and logic, both in the form of religiosity that is built and one's relationship with the world.

Algorithms (in some form) are already widely used in the criminal justice system. We draw lessons from this experience for what is to come for the rest of society as machine learning diffuses. We find economists and other social scientists have a key role to play in shaping the impact of algorithms, in part through improving the tools used to build them.

Real-life daily handcycling requires combined propulsion and steering to control the front wheel. Today, the handcycle cranks are mostly mounted synchronously unlike the early handcycle generations. Alternatively, arm cycle ergometers do not require steering and the cranks are mostly positioned asynchronously. The current study aims to evaluate the effects of combining propulsion and steering requirements on synchronous and asynchronous submaximal handcycle ergometry. We hypothesize that asynchronous handcycling with steering results in the mechanically least efficient condition, due to compensation for unwanted rotations that are not seen in synchronous handcycling, regardless of steering. Sixteen able-bodied male novices volunteered in this lab-based experiment. The set-up consisted of a handcycle ergometer with 3D force sensors at each crank that also allows "natural" steering. Four submaximal steady-state (60 rpm, ~35 W) exercise conditions were presented in a counterbalanced order: synchronous with a fixed steering axis, synchronous with steering, asynchronous with a fixed axis and asynchronous with steering. All participants practiced 3 × 4 mins with 30 mins rest in between every condition. Finally, they did handcycle for 4 mins in each of the four conditions, interspaced with 10 mins rest, while metabolic outcomes, kinetics and kinematics of the ergometer were recorded. The additional steering component did not influence velocity, torque and power production during synchronous handcycling and therefore resulted in an equal metabolically efficient handcycling configuration compared to the fixed condition. Contrarily, asynchronous handcycling with steering requirements showed a reduced mechanical efficiency, as velocity around the steering axis increased and torque and power production were less effective. Based on the torque production around the crank and steering axes, neuromuscular compensation strategies seem necessary to prevent steering movements in the asynchronous mode. To practice or test real-life daily synchronous handcycling, a synchronous crank set-up of the ergometer is advised, as exercise performance in terms of mechanical efficiency, metabolic strain, and torque production is independent of steering requirements in that mode. Asynchronous handcycling or arm ergometry demands a different handcycle technique in terms of torque production and results in higher metabolic responses than synchronous handcycling, making it unsuitable for testing. ispartof: FRONTIERS IN SPORTS AND ACTIVE LIVING vol:3 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published

The works that made Dante famous are written in the vernacular lenguage, but even so there were distinguished scholars who included him as a member, or even a predecessor, of Florentine humanism. This question is analyzed and also the fact that his texts, in particular the Convivio and the Commedia, unlike almost the rest of the humanist writings, exhibit an erudite handling of the state of the art concerning his knowledge of the literature on optics circulating at the beginning of the 15th century in Italy.

Bilingualism is a multi-faceted experience and bilinguals differ in how they use their languages in daily life. Therefore, assessments of bilingualism that consider the role of (social) context are...

There is a feeling of dissatisfaction with the traditional way of defining the A-theories of time. One reason is that these definitions rest on an ontological question—‘Do the future and the past exist?’—to which no non-speculative answer can be provided. Another reason is that these definitions fail to distinguish between various A-theories of time at all times and, therefore, cannot be regarded as essential to them. In the present paper, I make a fresh start in the debate, by introducing two questions whose specific answers allow one to get a comprehensive categorization of the A-theories of time. This alternative way of defining the A-theories of time addresses the two above-mentioned issues and reveals the metaphysical singularity of underrated theories, such as the growing block theory.

Hebrews 4.3-5 introduces tension where the author cites Ps. 95.11b, ‘they will never enter into my rest’, then describes the available rest, and then quotes Ps. 95.11b again. The author appears to undercut the promise of rest by citing the prohibitive oath. This article argues that the tension in Heb. 4.3-5 can be dissolved by translating Ps. 95.11b not as an emphatic negative oath (‘they will never enter into my rest’) but as an open-ended conditional statement (‘if they will enter into my rest’). This is argued in the following way: first, the issue of an assumed Hebraism is explained. Second, three problems with the Hebraism solution are presented. Third, the Interlinear Paradigm of the New English Translation of the Septuagint (NETS) is introduced resulting in two further criticisms of the Hebraism translation. Last, the author’s argument in Heb. 4.3-5 is read with the meaning of the open-ended conditional.

O objetivo deste artigo é produzir uma reflexão sobre a produção do mandato policial na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, tomando como inspiração a obra “O que resta de Auschwitz” (2008), de Giorgio Agamben, na qual o autor analisa a produção literária de sobreviventes ao campo de concentração nazista. Uma das interpretações possíveis para o resto em Agamben é a de que o termo corresponde a um hiato, a uma lacuna, a algo que não poderia ser testemunhado pelos sobreviventes ao campo. Nesse sentido, o resto é aquilo que está entre os mortos, entre os sobreviventes, entre os salvos e entre as testemunhas que estiveram presentes nos campos de fabricação de corpos matáveis. Tomo como referencial teórico parte da obra de Agamben para pensar a polícia, neste caso, a Polícia Militar do estado do Rio de Janeiro – PMERJ, e suas relações com a sociedade policiada, inspirando-me também em experiências com policiais militares em pesquisas de campo. O resto aqui adquire alguns sentidos possíveis: 1) uma lacuna, aquilo que é silenciado, mal resolvido; 2) o que sobra/permanece da polícia que se tem e 3) o que falta de uma polícia que se espera – aquela que nunca foi, mas que se anseia ter. Quais são os restos da Polícia Militar do estado do Rio de Janeiro? E o que nos resta de polícia? A partir desta problematização, o texto abre espaço para a discussão sobre a ideia de polícia moderna e como ela se materializou no Rio de Janeiro, buscando compreender os dilemas que são vivenciados por policiais militares para a execução de seu mandato. Do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico, tomo de empréstimo o olhar de Arendt (1999) na tentativa de considerar a perspectiva do “outro” e procurar entender aquilo que o move sem prejulgá-lo. A reflexão aponta que os massacres de outrora não terminaram. Eles continuam presentes todos os dias, em cada normalidade cotidiana. Por isso, os restos devem ser tocados, explicitados e discutidos, mesmo ao preço de descobrirmos que também temos os nossos restos, que deles fazemos parte e que com eles produzimos e reproduzimos desigualdades e massacres.

REST web services are widely popular in industry, and search techniques have been successfully used to automatically generate system-level test cases for those systems. In this article, we propose a novel mutation operator which is designed specifically for test generation at system-level, with a particular focus on REST APIs. In REST API testing, and often in system testing in general, an individual can have a long and complex chromosome. Furthermore, there are two specific issues: (1) fitness evaluation in system testing is highly costly compared with the number of objectives (e.g., testing targets) to optimize for; and (2) a large part of the genotype might have no impact on the phenotype of the individuals (e.g., input data that has no impact on the execution flow in the tested program). Due to these issues, it might be not suitable to apply a typical low mutation rate like 1/ n (where n is the number of genes in an individual), which would lead to mutating only one gene on average. Therefore, in this article, we propose an adaptive weight-based hypermutation, which is aware of the different characteristics of the mutated genes. We developed adaptive strategies that enable the selection and mutation of genes adaptively based on their fitness impact and mutation history throughout the search. To assess our novel proposed mutation operator, we implemented it in the EvoMaster tool, integrated in the MIO algorithm, and further conducted an empirical study with three artificial REST APIs and four real-world REST APIs. Results show that our novel mutation operator demonstrates noticeable improvements over the default MIO. It provides a significant improvement in performance for six out of the seven case studies, where the relative improvement is up to +12.09% for target coverage, +12.69% for line coverage, and +32.51% for branch coverage.

Urbanization is arguably the most severe and irreversible driver of environmental change, particularly with respect to biodiversity. This is the case even in Australia, a megadiverse country with a sophisticated federal regime of biodiversity governance. Yet, life persists in urban worlds. In the context of global climate and ecological crises, this article endeavours to illustrate how law and policy can grapple with the complexities of urban biodiversity and enable it to flourish. First, the article outlines the current approaches to urban biodiversity: what is it, what is it like, why does it matter and how do humans think of it? Second, the article analyses the current state of biodiversity governance in Australia, focusing particularly on the laws and policies of the Commonwealth, New South Wales, and local governments in Greater Sydney. Finally, the article details a program of reform which revisits the original guiding principles of ecologically sustainable development, illustrating how they could be unleashed for the better governance of urban biodiversity with respect to decision-making, the administration of law, issues at scale, the economy, valuation techniques and community participation. The program includes not only systemic and multi-scalar reforms, but also local-level reforms which have significant yet often overlooked potential to encourage pro-biodiversity behaviours in everyday life. The aim is to reveal just some of the many ways in which hope can be creatively transformed into action for a biodiverse urban future – that is, to reveal the possibilities of law and policy to enable urban biodiversity to be better recognized, understood, valued, protected and enhanced as Australia develops in the twenty-first century.

Many states are looking for methods to improve longitudinal joint performance of their asphalt pavements, since these joints often fail before the rest of the surface. With their inherently lower density, longitudinal joints fail by cracking, raveling, and potholing because of the intrusion of air and water. Because of their longitudinal joint issues, and after trying several less-than-successful traditional solutions, Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) developed a concept to seal the longitudinal joint region, but from the bottom up. Test sections were constructed in 2001 through 2003 to determine how a newly developed material, called longitudinal joint sealant (LJS), would improve joint performance. LJS is a highly polymer-modified asphalt cement with fillers and is placed at the location of a longitudinal joint before paving. As mix is paved over it, the LJS melts and migrates up into voids in the low-density mix, making the mix impermeable to moisture while sealing the longitudinal joint itself. The IDOT test pavements were evaluated after 12 years and found to have longitudinal joints that exhibited significantly better performance than the control joint sections and were in similar or better condition than the rest of the pavement. Laboratory testing of cores showed decreased permeability and increased crack resistance of mix near joints with LJS as compared with similar mix without LJS. The life extension of the joint area is approximately 3–5 years, and the benefit is calculated to be three to five times the initial cost.

El interés de este artículo es mostrar la importancia del estudio del derecho indígena desde sus propios parámetros. Se presentan los resultados de la revisión de estudios desde la Antropología y el Derecho sobre los sistemas normativos indígenas. A partir de esto se concluye que para hacer efectivo el pluralismo jurídico y el reconocimiento de la pluriculturalidad de México de acuerdo con la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, art. 2º, es necesario el estudio del derecho indígena desde sus propios parámetros; de lo contrario, cualquier diálogo que pretenda ser intercultural en realidad seguiría reproduciendo esquemas de imposición de la cultura hegemónica sobre el resto de los pueblos que conforman la nación mexicana.

Attention to the ethical dimension in technical and professional communication (TPC) is paramount, especially when dealing with new, emerging technologies. Such technologies frequently rest within ...

There are conflicting findings in team diversity research on whether it is better for an individual on a team to be similar to or different from the rest of the team. This lab study with undergraduates completing a critical thinking and decision-making task uses optimal distinctiveness theory to examine the idea that finding a balance between these two states for team member personality will result in positive perceptions of team process. Our results supported this such that participants had the most positive perceptions of team process when optimally distinct from the rest of the team in terms of personality.

Brains at rest generate dynamical activity that is highly structured in space and time. We suggest that spontaneous activity, as in rest or dreaming, underlies top-down dynamics of generative models. During active tasks, generative models provide top-down predictive signals for perception, cognition, and action. When the brain is at rest and stimuli are weak or absent, top-down dynamics optimize the generative models for future interactions by maximizing the entropy of explanations and minimizing model complexity. Spontaneous fluctuations of correlated activity within and across brain regions may reflect transitions between "generic priors" of the generative model: low dimensional latent variables and connectivity patterns of the most common perceptual, motor, cognitive, and interoceptive states. Even at rest, brains are proactive and predictive.

Long working hours, 24/7 shift work, restricted sleep opportunities, and circadian misalignment all lead to degraded human performance and impairments in decision making. After several mishaps involving U.S. Navy warships in 2017, renewed attention was devoted to optimizing warfighter performance and reducing safety risks associated with crew endurance and fatigue issues. This paper summarizes the development and initial evaluation of the Scheduling Management Aid for Risk Tracking (SMART) prototype. SMART is a human performance risk assessment tool designed to help the U.S. Navy systematically assess and mitigate risk due to crew fatigue during in port and at-sea operations. The heuristics underlying the prototype are selected to identify and quantify human performance risk based on a Sailor’s work and rest patterns. The results are designed to enable data-driven crew resource management decisions, take targeted fatigue mitigation actions, and rapidly calculate human performance risks.

Minkowski spacetime provides a background framework for the kinematics and dynamics of classical particles. How the framework implements the motion of matter is not specified within special relativity. In this paper we specify how Minkowski space can implement motion in such a way that ’quantum’ propagation occurs on appropriate scales. This is done by starting in a discrete space and explicitly taking a continuum limit. The argument is direct and illuminates the special tension between ’rest’ and ’uniform motion’ found in Minkowski space, showing how the formal analytic continuations involved in Minkowski space and quantum propagation arise from the same source.

The term "soteriology" is a technical term for the study of salvation. Such a study is generally regarded as something vast, due to the plurality of contexts to which the term can be applied, as in a secular and political sense, for example. In the Christian sphere, the term is inevitably related to Christ and his mission. Through this broad perception which embraces the theme, the present work seeks to analyze, briefly and briefly, how the theme of soteriology is defined and developed in the first five books of the Bible, keeping in mind its importance for the development of the soteriological conception of the rest of Scripture and for Theology as a whole. For this purpose, an analysis of the occurrences of terms from the semantic field of soteriology has been carried out in each of the books that make up Torāh, based on the descriptors exposed by Blazen (2011). It is, therefore, a research of documental analysis, based on the concepts extracted from a previous bibliographical review. After analyzing this material, as presented above, it is noted that the books that compose Torāh present a linear and progressive theological development, regarding the soteriological theme, where each book approaches one or more concepts in a more emphatic way.

This work describes geoserver-rest, an open-source python package that can manage the geospatial data in a geoserver which is helpful for uploading, editing, and deleting the raster/vector layers from various sources. It is also useful for generating the style/legend from the uploaded geospatial data. Thus, generated legend can be used for visualization of maps in the web-GIS platform. The package is successfully used to build the web-GIS portal for agricultural datasets of Afghanistan, which has around 6000 map layers. The main benefit that geoserver-rest provides to this project is the ability to upload the data to the geoserver and create the styles file dynamically. Thus, created style file are directly linked to the corresponding layer and provide the Web Mapping Service (WMS) standard and visualize in an interactive way.