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Lean manufacturing (LM) applies different tools that help to eliminate waste as well as the operations that do not add value to the product or processes to increase the value of each performed activity. Here the main motivation is to study how quantitative modelling approaches can support LM tools even under system and environment uncertainties. The main contributions of the article are: (i) providing a systematic literature review of 99 works related to the modelling of uncertainty in LM environments; (ii) proposing a methodology to classify the reviewed works; (iii) classifying LM works under uncertainty; and (iv) identify quantitative models and their solution to deal with uncertainty in LM environments by identifying the main variables involved. Hence this article provides a conceptual framework for future LM quantitative modelling under uncertainty as a guide for academics, researchers and industrial practitioners. The main findings identify that LM under uncertainty has been empirically investigated mainly in the US, India and the UK in the automotive and aerospace manufacturing sectors using analytical and simulation models to minimise time and cost. Value stream mapping (VSM) and just in time (JIT) are the most used LM techniques to reduce waste in a context of system uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This article evaluates the evolution of physical activity and health research in China through a bibliometric analysis focused on number of publications, study areas, and sex balance in authorship. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by the Global Observatory for Physical Activity for "physical activity and health" publications between 1950 and 2019. Here, we focus on the 610 Chinese publications identified, defined as those in which data collection took place in China. We assessed the number of publications, classified them into 5 areas (1) surveillance, (2) correlates and determinants, (3) health consequences, (4) interventions, and (5) policy, and analyzed female participation in authorship. Results: The first Chinese publication identified in the review was in 1990. Since, the average number of physical activity and health publications increased from one per year in the 1990s to 7.6 per year in the 2000s, and to 47 per year in the 2010s. Most publications focused on the correlates and determinants (38.7%) and the health consequences of physical activity (35.9%). Physical activity policy accounted for 2.3% of the publications. In the 1990s, 64% of the publications included at least one female author; this proportion increased to 90% in the 2010s. Conclusion: Despite a slow start, China's research on physical activity and health has grown rapidly since 2000. The distribution of publications by study areas and female participation in authorship is similar to that observed globally, with fewer publications focused on interventions and policy as compared with other topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a hematologic disorder characterized by a low platelet count, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. This review provides an overview of the historical milestones, pathophysiology, and treatment advances in ITP. Historical perspectives trace back to Avicenna’s description in the eleventh century to pivotal Harrington-Hollingsworth experiment in 1950, laid the groundwork for understanding the immune-mediated platelet destruction intrinsic to ITP. Subsequent developments in investigation techniques, such as platelet-survival studies and antibody assays, contributed to diagnostic advancements. Treatment modalities have evolved signifcantly from the traditional approach of splenectomy to the use of corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and novel targeted therapies. The efcacy and safety profles of these treatments have been refned through clinical trials and consensus guidelines. Ongoing research continues to unravel the genetic and molecular underpinnings of ITP, ofering insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Emerging therapies, including immunomodulatory agents, hold promise for improving outcomes and quality of life for patients with ITP. In conclusion, this review provides a synthesis of historical insights, pathophysiological mechanisms, and treatment strategies in ITP. By elucidating the complex interplay between immune dysregulation and platelet destruction, this knowledge serves as a foundation for advancing the diagnosis, management, and future therapeutic innovations in ITP.

Brand relationships influence human attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. While past research has generously explored this idea in the customer context, less research has explored the role brand relationships play in the context of frontline employees or salespeople. While much of the customer literature can be used to inform our understanding of salesperson-brand relationships, there are nuances of being an employee, and specifically a salesperson, that have left many research questions unanswered. Consequently, a state of the literature in this domain is warranted to better understand how future research can grow this critical stream. The current research identifies, reviews, and synthesizes 52 salesperson-brand relationship articles. A comprehensive summary of common brand constructs (e.g. brand identification, brand attachment) is employed and supplemented with a social network analysis. To encourage more research in the salesperson-brand domain, we then summarize common themes that pervade the literature and identify a plethora of future opportunities in both established domains (e.g. brand relationships increase effort) and new frontiers (e.g. exploring the dark side of salespeople-brand relationships). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six decades after its conception, proton computed tomography (pCT) and proton radiography have yet to be used in medical clinics. However, good progress has been made on relevant detector technologies in the past two decades, and a few prototype pCT systems now exist that approach the performance needed for a clinical device.The tracking and energy-measurement technologies in common use are described, as are the few pCT scanners that are in routine operation at this time.Most of these devices still look like detector R\&D efforts as opposed to medical devices, are difficult to use, are at least factor of five slower than desired for clinical use, and are too small to image many parts of the human body.Recommendations are made for what to consider when engineering a pre-clinical pCT scanner that is designed to meet clinical needs in terms of performance, cost, and ease of use.

This special issue of the International Journal of Production Research, focuses on the 'Carbon Neutrality' and 'SCM'. Nine articles have been selected for this special issue, and they cover various aspects to understand the manifestation of 'Carbon Neutrality' in supply chains, and to further illuminate how to achieve 'Carbon Neutrality' with supply chain innovation. This editorial provides a brief overview of the research domain, then introduces each article in the context of the state-of-the-art and highlights the contributions of selected papers to the field. Finally, the research perspectives are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rare neuroendocrine skin cancer called Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) primarily affects elderly people. The objective of this study is to comprehensively review the impact of immunosuppressive medications, particularly TNF inhibitors, on the emergence of MCC. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library were searched. Study articles were screened by title and abstract at Rayyan Qatar Computing Research Institute, then a full-text assessment was implemented. Results: A total of eight case reports with 9 patients were included. Of the total population, seven were women and only two were men. Their age ranged from 31 to 73 years. More than half the population (5 cases) were being treated for rheumatoid arthritis. All received TNF inhibitors that were associated with the induction of MCC. Conclusion: We found that it is essential for physicians to explain potential cancer risks to patients before starting long-term immunosuppressive therapy and to conduct routine checks for MCC and other side effects. TNF inhibitors (infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept, and golimumab) were all associated with MCC development. Women constituted the majority of cases and most were elderly.

Reflections on translating Yael Inokai's Ein Simpler Begriff

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common non-communicable disease occurring globally. Although previous literature has provided useful insights into the important role that diet plays in CVD prevention and treatment, understanding the causal role of diets is a difficult task considering inherent and introduced weaknesses of observational (e.g. not properly addressing confounders and mediators) and experimental research designs (e.g. not appropriate or well designed). In this narrative review, we organised current evidence linking diet, as well as conventional and emerging physiological risk factors, with CVD risk, incidence and mortality in a series of diagrams. The diagrams presented can aid causal inference studies as they provide a visual representation of the types of studies underlying the associations between potential risk markers/factors for CVD. This may facilitate the selection of variables to be considered and the creation of analytical models. Evidence depicted in the diagrams was systematically collected from studies included in the British Nutrition Task Force report on diet and CVD and database searches, including Medline and Embase. Although several markers and disorders linked to conventional and emerging risk factors for CVD were identified, the causal link between many remains unknown. There is a need to address the multifactorial nature of CVD and the complex interplay between conventional and emerging risk factors with natural and built environments, while bringing the life course into the spotlight.

As globalisation and competition grow rapidly, adopting a flexible manufacturing philosophy becomes more critical for manufacturers. Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) is among one of the most favourable ones which has been deeply studied in academia since this philosophy was coined in 1925. To design the manufacturing system efficiently and effectively, the management team needs to have a comprehensive representation of the definitions, classifications, solution approach to cellular manufacturing design problems. In this study, exact methods, heuristic approaches, metaheuristic techniques, and artificial intelligence strategies for cellular manufacturing design are reviewed. A comparison of solution approaches is discussed and based on this analysis, some suggestions for future research are proposed. Moreover, we tried to highlight the importance of investigating sustainability decisions related to CMS problems, and integration of supply chain decisions with CMS decisions which have not been sufficiently studied to identify a research direction for researchers to model and analyse those issues. Finally, we briefly discuss the placement of CMS as one of the major production systems in the industry 4.0 evolution paradigm. Reviewing the adoption of industry 4.0 techniques by CMS sheds light on the contribution of methodological approaches in transition to intelligent CMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: More and more studies have shown that oxidative stress should play an important role in the treatment of osteoporosis. Oxidative stress should cause the accumulation of oxidation activity, which will damage bone-related cells. Finally, it causes the imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation, resulting in a decrease in bone volume and the destruction of the slight structure. Research in recent years has found that some natural products can regulate oxidative stress to treat osteoporosis. The characteristics of extensive sources and small side effects have obvious advantages in the treatment of osteoporosis, and the efficacy is objective. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the mechanism of natural product regulation of oxidation stress in treatment of osteoporosis, conduct a review based on the latest related research progress, provide reference and ideas for more natural products to treat osteoporosis in the future, and provide data support for the clinical application of natural compounds in the treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS: "oxidative stress, free radical, antioxidant, phytotherapy, plant extracts, medicinal plants, herbal medicine, osteoporosis, bone density, bone loss" were used as the keywords in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, VIP, CBM, WanFang, and CNKI databases to search relevant articles published from January 2010 to February 2023. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed, and 64 relevant articles were selected by reading titles, abstracts, and full texts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Some natural products have antioxidant effects and can regulate osteogenic differentiation, osteoblast bone matrix mineralization, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, proliferation, differentiation, activity, and apoptosis of bone-related cells by improving oxidative stress, thus affecting bone metabolism. (2) These natural products with antioxidant effects play a role in treating osteoporosis by improving bone remodeling balance. (3) The research on the combination of a variety of natural products to improve osteoporosis remains to be explored. (4) The use of natural products to regulate oxidative stress may become a powerful weapon for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review article assesses the evidence for the efficacy of bike fit and its impact on cyclist’s posture in averting overuse injuries in cycling and provides a summary of research using a biomechanical approach to give evaluations of joint kinematics, kinetics, or muscle activity. Databases were searched for published material like Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar between 1980 and 2023. Posture, bike fit, and biomechanics of cycling were few keywords used. Twenty-four published articles were included in this review. Clearance of 1–2 inches should be present between the ground and tyres when the bike is lifted while straddling it, for straight and parallel to ground top tubes and sloping top tubes, respectively. Handlebar height should be 1–2 inches below the top of the saddle. The reach of the handlebars should be measured by placing an elbow on the tip of saddle and extended fingers should touch the transverse part of the handlebars. The ball of foot should sit over the pedal axis. In cyclist’s seated position, the knee flexion angle of the extended leg at 6 o’clock position should be 25–30∘. With pedals at 3 and 9 o’clock, the front of the patella should be directly in line with the front of the crank arm. About 10 to 15∘ anterior saddle tilt significantly reduces low back discomfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infertility refers to the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. Psychosocial aspects of infertility research are predominant in developed countries. A scoping review of psychosocial aspects of infertility research conducted in Africa between 2000 and 2022 was conducted. Twelve databases and grey literature were searched for articles. Studies were included if they were published in English and included findings from patients diagnosed with primary or secondary infertility. A total of 2 372 articles were initially found and screening resulted in 116 articles being included in the scoping review. Most of the studies (81%) were conducted in Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa. Psychosocial aspects explored included quality of life, barriers to treatment, attitudes and stigma, and sociocultural and religious aspects of infertility, among others. The review maps published psychosocial research in the context of infertility in Africa and identifies gaps for future research. Plain language summary: Our aim was to review published studies on psychological and social research conducted among men and women who were seeking treatment for infertility in Africa between 2000 and 2022. We initially found 2 373 articles that seemed appropriate but after screening these articles only included 116 in this review. We found that in Africa, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa produced the most studies on the psychological and social impact of infertility. Common areas of research include exploring patients quality of life, barriers to seeking fertility treatment, stigma and attitudes around infertility, social, cultural and religious issues relating to infertility. This review is therefore helpful in understanding where psychological and social research on infertility is being conducted, what it is focused on and what the gaps in research are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As energy demand continues to rise and the global population steadily grows, there is a growing interest in exploring alternative, clean, and renewable energy sources. The search for alternatives, such as green hydrogen, as both a fuel and an industrial feedstock, is intensifying. Methane steam reforming (MSR) has long been considered a primary method for hydrogen production, despite its numerous advantages, the activity and stability of the conventional Ni catalysts are major concerns due to carbon formation and metal sintering at high temperatures, posing significant drawbacks to the process. In recent years, significant attention has been given to bimetallic catalysts as a potential solution to overcome the challenges associated with methane steam reforming. Thus, this review focuses on the recent advancements in bimetallic catalysts for hydrogen production through methane steam reforming. The review explores various aspects including reactor type, catalyst selection, and the impact of different operating parameters such as reaction temperature, pressure, feed composition, reactor configuration, and feed and sweep gas flow rates. The analysis and discussion revolve around key performance indicators such as methane conversion, hydrogen recovery, and hydrogen yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Design Data Sources Results Conclusion Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Reporting Method Patient or Public Contribution To map the existing literature describing medical device‐related pressure injuries in patients during surgery, including investigation of the incidence, types of medical devices, risk factors and strategies for preventing medical device‐related pressure injuries.A scoping review.In April 2023, three databases were searched. Studies about adult patients undergoing surgery, from 2014 onwards, in English and Chinese were included. Data were extracted about study characteristics and data related to research questions. The Patterns, Advances, Gaps, Evidence for practice and Research recommendations framework were used to synthesize findings.Two different types of evidence were included in this review; 14 research studies and two quality improvement studies. The incidence of medical device‐related pressure injuries in the operating room was 0.56%–24.5% and respiratory devices were the most common medical devices investigated. Length of surgery, age and BMI were risk factors for medical device‐related pressure injuries in a few studies. The application of a prophylactic dressing and dressing maintenance was the most common prevention strategy.Ongoing research is needed to confirm the incidence of, and risk factors for, medical device‐related pressure injuries in the operating room. Additionally, more high‐quality evidence is needed to underpin current prevention strategies.Operating room nurses need to be aware of the risks of medical device‐related pressure injuries and assess and plan prevention strategies accordingly. Once more high‐quality evidence is available, operating room nurses could implement prevention strategies like prophylactic dressings.Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) checklist.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common pathological type. Its onset is insidious, and most patients have no obvious discomfort in the early stage, so it is found late, and the opportunity for surgical radical treatment is lost, resulting in a poor prognosis. With the introduction of molecular-targeted drugs represented by sorafenib, patients with middle- and late-stage liver cancer have regained the light of day. However, their therapeutic efficacy is relatively low due to the limited target of drug action, toxic side effects, and other reasons. At this time, the emergence of immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) well breaks this embarrassing situation, which mainly achieves the anti-tumor purpose by improving the tumor immune microenvironment. Currently, ICI monotherapy, as well as combination therapy, has been widely used in the clinic, further prolonging the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. This article reviews the development of monotherapy and combination therapy for ICIs in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and the latest research progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when external physical forces impact the brain, potentially causing long-term issues such as post-traumatic stress disorders and cognitive and physical dysfunctions. The diverse nature of TBI pathology and treatment has led to a rapid acceleration in research on its biological mechanisms over the past decade. This surge presents challenges in assessing, managing, and predicting outcomes for TBI cases. Despite the development and testing of various therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating neurological decline after TBI, a definitive cure for these conditions remains elusive. Recently, a growing focus has been on preclinical research investigating acupuncture as a potential treatment method for TBI sequelae. Acupuncture, being a cost-effective non-pharmacological therapy, has demonstrated promise in improving functional outcomes after brain injury. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the anticipated improvements induced by acupuncture remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined current evidence from animal studies regarding acupuncture's efficacy in improving functional outcomes post-TBI. We also proposed potential biological mechanisms, such as glial cells (microglia astrocytes), autophagy, and apoptosis. This information will deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which acupuncture exerts its most beneficial effects post-TBI, assisting in forming new clinical strategies to maximize benefits for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aim Study Design Results Conclusions Relevance to Clinical Practice Mechanical ventilation is a core intervention in critical care, but may also lead to negative consequences. Therefore, ventilator weaning is crucial for patient recovery. Numerous weaning interventions have been investigated, but an overview of interventions to evaluate different foci on weaning research is still missing.To provide an overview of interventions associated with ventilator weaning.We conducted a scoping review. A systematic search of the Medline, CINAHL and Cochrane Library databases was carried out in May 2023. Interventions from studies or reviews that aimed to extubate or decannulate mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units were included. Studies concerning children, outpatients or non‐invasive ventilation were excluded. Screening and data extraction were conducted independently by three reviewers. Identified interventions were thematically analysed and clustered.Of the 7175 records identified, 193 studies were included. A total of six clusters were formed: entitled enteral nutrition (three studies), tracheostomy (17 studies), physical treatment (13 studies), ventilation modes and settings (47 studies), intervention bundles (42 studies), and pharmacological interventions including analgesic agents (8 studies), sedative agents (53 studies) and other agents (15 studies).Ventilator weaning is widely researched with a special focus on ventilation modes and pharmacological agents. Some aspects remain poorly researched or unaddressed (e.g. nutrition, delirium treatment, sleep promotion).This review compiles studies on ventilator weaning interventions in thematic clusters, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary care and consideration of various interventions. Future research should combine different interventions and investigate their interconnection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a refractory disease in the field of orthopedics. There is no definitive idea to fully explain its pathogenesis. With the increased research on the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng interfering with the signaling pathways related to various diseases, the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng that treat steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head via the regulation of relevant signaling pathways have gradually become a hot research topic. OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the literature on the pathological mechanism of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and the regulation of signaling pathways by the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng in recent years, thereby providing a reference for the follow-up study on the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of this disease. METHODS: CNKI, WanFang, and PubMed were searched for relevant literature with the key words of “glucocorticoid, steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, pathological mechanism, signaling pathway, Panax notoginseng, active ingredient” in Chinese and English. Documents related to the pathological mechanism of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head as well as related to the intervention of active ingredients of Panax notoginseng on the signaling pathway of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were retrieved. A total of 63 documents were finally included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main ingredients of Panax notoginseng include Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenoside, Panax notoginseng saponins, quercetin, kaempferol, etc. Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenoside Rb1 and quercetin can promote bone repair and angiogenesis by acting on the transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein pathway. Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenoside CK and kaempferol can promote osteogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism by acting on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Panax notoginseng saponins and Panax notoginseng saponins R1/R2 act on the MAPK pathway to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and promote bone repair. Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenoside Rb2 and quercetin can inhibit osteoclast proliferation and promote osteoblastic differentiation by acting on the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. Panax notoginseng saponins, quercetin and kaempferol can repair vascular injury and promote osteogenesis by acting on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway. Panax notoginseng saponins R1, quercetin combined with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, Panax notoginseng saponins combined with polyethylene-L-lactic acid and other biomaterials have good research prospects in the treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The active ingredients of Panax notoginseng can regulate the signaling pathways related to steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head through various mechanisms, and play an active intervention role in the disease. However, the depth and breadth of relevant research are insufficient at present, and the future research should be based on the existing mechanism to explore the specific mechanism of Panax notoginseng regulating different pathways and the interaction between pathways, which will be beneficial to the multi-development of the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spring ligament injury is often overlooked in clinical practice due to its underlying pathogenesis and atypical clinical symptoms and signs. If the damage to the spring ligament is not treated in a timely and correct manner, it may lead to flatfoot deformities, and in severe cases, it may even cause long-term chronic pain in the foot. The article reviews the anatomical and clinical characteristics, treatment methods, and postoperative rehabilitation of spring ligament injuries. Strengthening research on spring ligament injury, reducing its misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rates, correctly treating spring ligament injury, and providing formal postoperative rehabilitation training are currently hot and difficult topics in the field of foot and ankle surgery. Choosing the best way to repair damaged spring ligaments and developing personalized rehabilitation plans in the later stage will be important directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esophageal tumors are common digestive tract tumors worldwide, and surgical treatment is the main treatment for resectable esophageal cancer. However, the incidence of postoperative complications is high, with anastomotic fistula being the most common and serious complication, with a high mortality rate. In order to reduce the incidence of postoperative anastomotic fistula in esophageal cancer, it is necessary to identify high-risk populations for postoperative anastomotic fistula in esophageal cancer early on and intervene in risk factors. The article reviews the risk factors for postoperative anastomotic fistula in esophageal cancer from three aspects: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood lipids are crucial for maintaining normal physiological homeostasis, and their levels are closely related to the occurrence, development, and metastasis of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Statins are commonly used drugs to regulate blood lipids, resist inflammation, protect vascular endothelium, and prevent platelet aggregation. Their anti-tumor effects and effects are also receiving widespread attention. The article reviews the relationship between blood lipid levels and four common tumors, as well as the mechanisms of statin drugs in regulating blood lipid levels and anti-tumor effects. Statins have the potential to play a greater role as tumor drugs in tumor treatment, while also regulating blood lipid levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the incidence rate of acute myocardial infarction is increasing year by year. Patients with acute myocardial infarction may experience myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) after reperfusion of coronary blood flow, which further exacerbates the injury and leads to a decrease in the patient' s quality of life. Therefore, reducing MIRI has become one of the urgent issues that need to be addressed in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of multiple pathways and targets in the treatment of MIRI, which can provide new ideas for alleviating MIRI. The Wnt signaling pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of MIRI, and it can improve MIRI by regulating inflammatory response, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, autophagy, and other factors. The article reviews the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in alleviating MIRI by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of MIRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence rate of childhood obesity is increasing year by year. Recent studies have shown that childhood obesity is an important risk factor for asthma, and asthma may also lead to obesity. Therefore, some research hypotheses suggest that obesity and asthma interact in multiple complex ways. The article reviews the interaction between childhood asthma and obesity, as well as the pathogenesis of the bidirectional relationship between obesity and asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in children is a common chronic disease caused by partial and(or) intermittent complete obstruction of the upper respiratory tract, characterized by sleep apnea and insufficient ventilation during sleep. Children with OSAHS repeatedly experience upper airway collapse during sleep, which can affect the growth and development of the child's craniofacial region in the long term, causing dental and maxillofacial deformities. At the same time, it can lead to hypoxemia, sleep disorder, and in severe cases, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The article reviews the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric OSAHS, with the aim of providing guiding recommendations for clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Therapeutic communication is an important component of the nursing process, focusing on improving the psychological and physical health of patients. It can help alleviate negative emotions, improve treatment compliance and satisfaction. The article reviews the current situation, influencing factors, evaluation tools, etc. of therapeutic communication skills among nursing students, and further explores strategies to im- prove their therapeutic communication skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a common disease that seriously threatens human life and health, characterized by rapid progression, complexity and variability, and multiple complications. SAP can lead to intestinal microbiota imbalance and intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in the early stages. Traditional Chinese medicine has shown unique advantages in regulating gut microbiota and has become a potential method for treating intestinal microbiota imbalance in SAP. The article reviews the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in treating SAP from the perspective of gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyroptosis is an important link in the development of diabetes nephropathy (DKD). The inflammation and cell damage caused by it are closely related to renal fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and tubular damage. In depth research on the potential molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and inflammasome signaling pathways may become a new approach for the prevention and treatment of DKD. The clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating DKD is significant, as it exerts a protective effect by affecting the cell pyroptosis pathway. The article reviews the molecular mechanisms of cell pyroptosis and DKD,as well as the research progress in traditional Chinese medicine intervention, providing important guidance for further exploration of the pathogenic mechanism of cell pyroptosis and the treatment of DKD with traditional Chinese medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is characterized by high incidence rate, high mortality and high disability rate. Hemiplegia is a common sequela after stroke, which will bring negative effects on patients' activity ability and limb stability and reduce their quality of daily life. Lower limb orthotics have been proven to have therapeutic effects on lower limb hemiplegia after stroke. They can effectively limit ankle plantar flexion, knee joint reflexion and flexion, thereby further accelerating patient walking speed, improving walking stability, and ultimately achieving gait optimization. The article reviews the application research of lower limb orthotics in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is an extremely rare type of lymphoma characterized by low early diagnosis rate and high mortality rate. At present, the pathogenesis of IVLBCL is not yet clear. The article explores the pathogenesis of IVLBCL from the perspectives of tumor adhesion, B cell receptor/nuclear transcription factor kappa B pathway, immune evasion, etc., and reviews its clinical detection and treatment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self-determination theory (SDT) may provide important insights for understanding substance misuse and treatment outcomes. However, to date, the literature applying SDT to substance use and its treatment is varied and difficult to integrate. Methods: The authors searched psycINFO and PubMed on October 26th, 2021 to identify articles applying SDT to substance use and its treatment. Eligible studies were published in peer-reviewed articles in English, on adult populations (18+), and explicitly applied SDT to the context of substance use or its treatment. Results were categorized as studies applying SDT in non-treatment or treatment settings and were synthesized within these categories by substance(s) of focus, primary outcome(s), component(s) of SDT utilized, and relevant findings. Results: The search revealed 38 articles applying SDT in non-treatment (k = 16) and treatment (k = 22) settings. Causality orientations and the basic psychological needs were the most frequently studied components of SDT. Studies that applied SDT in non-treatment settings placed a greater emphasis on causality orientations, whereas treatment studies more frequently targeted or measured basic psychological needs. Conclusions: SDT constructs consistently predicted both substance misuse and treatment outcomes in a theoretically consistent manner, however, several important gaps remain and opportunities for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Healthcare staff uniforms are a subject of debate in the UK, and this is particularly true in the case of less understood roles such as advanced nurse practitioners. Aim: This review explores what is known about people's perceptions of health professionals' uniforms. Method: A mixed methods scoping review following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Five databases (CINAHL, ASSIA, PsycINFO, and EMBASE) and several search engines were searched. Eligible reports were peer-reviewed English-language studies using any methodology to explore people's perceptions of different uniforms for health professionals. Findings: Forty-six studies (mainly from North America) were included, presenting a variety of perspectives on the uniforms worn by doctors, nurses and other health professionals. Conclusion: Culture and context likely influence how uniforms are understood. Practitioners should consider how this may affect communication with both patients and colleagues. What health professionals wear matters, particularly in relation to less well understood roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brain connectivity‐based atlas is a promising tool for understanding neural communication pathways in the brain, gaining relevance in predicting personalized outcomes for various brain pathologies. This critical review examines the robustness of the brain connectivity‐based atlas for predicting post‐stroke outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 2012 to May 2023 across PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, and Medline databases. Twenty‐one studies were screened, and through analysis of these studies, we identified 18 brain connectivity atlases employed by the studies for lesion analysis in their predictions. The brain atlases were assessed for study cohorts, connectivity measures, identified brain regions, atlas applications, and limitations. Based on the analysis of these studies, most atlases were based on diffusion tensor imaging and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Studies predicting post‐stroke functional outcomes relied on the atlases for multivariate lesion analysis and region of interest identification, often employing atlases derived from young, healthy populations. Current brain connectivity‐based atlases for stroke applications lack standardized methods to define and map brain connectivity across atlases and cover sensorimotor functional connectivity to a limited extent. In conclusion, this review highlights the need to develop more comprehensive, robust, and adaptable brain connectivity‐based atlases specifically tailored to post‐stroke populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two primary types of non-puerperal mastitis (NPM) are granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) and plasma cell mastitis (PCM). Existing research indicates that immune inflammatory response is considered to be the core of the pathogenesis of GLM and PCM, and both innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in the pathophysiology of PCM and GLM. However, the regulatory balance between various immune cells in these diseases is still unclear. Consequently, we present a comprehensive summary of the immune-related variables and recent advances in GLM and PCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The locations of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) aneurysms vary, and various aneurysms can occur along the course of the ACA. Ruptured and some unruptured ACA aneurysms may require aggressive treatment to avoid bleeding or rebleeding. Although open surgery is an effective treatment for ACA aneurysms, endovascular treatment (EVT) is becoming an alternative treatment in select cases. EVT techniques for ACA aneurysms often vary and are performed on a case-by-case basis according to the nature and location of the aneurysm. To better understand the EVT strategy for ACA aneurysms, it is necessary to review EVT for ACA aneurysms. In this review, the following topics are discussed: ACA anatomy and anomalies, classifications of ACA aneurysms, the natural history of ACA aneurysms, open surgery and EVT statuses for ACA aneurysms, EVT techniques for various ACA aneurysms, and the prognosis and complications of EVT for ACA aneurysms. According to our review and experience, traditional coiling EVT is still the preferred therapy for most ACA aneurysms. For A1 aneurysms, EVT is challenging. After the selection of appropriate cases, deployment of a flow diverter and Woven EndoBridge device can result in a good prognosis for patients with ACA aneurysms. In addition, parent artery occlusion can be used to treat A1 aneurysms with good collateral circulation and some distal ACA aneurysms. In general, EVT is gaining popularity as an alternative treatment option for ACA aneurysms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionFrontotemporal Degeneration (FTD) is a common cause of early onset dementia with symptoms often presenting before 65 years of age and adding tremendous burden on caregivers. FTD caregiving research describes patient behavioral symptoms such as apathy and disinhibition as primary sources of poor caregiver psychological health; however, little attention has been paid to other common patient behaviors, such as loss of empathy. To better understand the relationship between empathy loss and FTD caregiver outcomes, this integrative review aimed to address the question: How does the loss of empathy in a person living with FTD (PLwFTD) impact the caregiver?Quantitative and qualitative articles were found in PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Scopus and were assessed for quality using the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT). Through constant comparative analysis, articles were assessed to abstract common themes in the literature.From 333 citations, 8 qualitative and 8 quantitative studies published between 2010 and 2022 were included. Three main themes were uncovered: 1) caregiver emotional reactions to the PLwFTD; 2) caregiver psychological distress; 3) changes in the relationship.This review emphasizes the detrimental impact of empathy loss on FTD caregivers. Understanding these underexplored consequences is critical in understanding the well-being of caregivers and promoting ways to support caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]