Search

The main purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of teaching problem solving using drawing strategy on word problem Solving performance of seventh grade students. This study was fundamental in terms of purpose and in terms of implementation a quasi-experimental method using pre-test and post-test design with the control group. The number of students in the experimental group and the control group was 207 and 216, respectively. To determine reliability, in a implementation, the questions of both tests were performed on a sample of 30 students, and Cronbach's alpha of the pre-test questions was 0.81 and the post-test questions was 0.77, which was desired. Results showed that students usually use non-formal strategies to solve word problems. However, after learning the drawing strategy, they prefer to use this strategy rather than problem-solving strategies. They also draw various shapes to solve problems. This means that the shapes are not unique, and students draw the shape according to their personal and previous experiences. In addition, using parametric t-test, the difference between the problem-solving performance of the experimental and control group students in the pre-test and post-test was significant, meaning that the experimental group students performed better in solving word problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present research is to analyze, comparatively, the content of mathematics textbooks in the first grade used in Iran, Japan, and the United States, which has three analytic axes, namely: teaching and learning opportunities based on process and content standards of NCTM, assessment and practice opportunities and content treatment according to five grade coding (narrative expressions, mathematical expressions, pictures, shapes, tables and diagrams). The statistical population of this query was the content of mathematics textbooks in the first grade used in Iran (both old version and the recent one), Japan, and the United States (California State). This research was conducted based on comparative content analysis method in which qualitative and quantitative analyses were used for data collection and data analysis, respectively. The results showed that in all content standards, except for measurement standard and statistics, the percentage of standards in the recent version of textbook used in Iran have been reduced practice standards, the recent version of math textbook used in Iran showed a significant increase in the treatment of connection standard as compared to that of its old version. According to the research findings, reasoning and proof standard was not treated in Japanes textbook as well as in the old and recent versions of textbooks used in Iran. Analysis of exercise and evaluation opportunities in the recent version of the Iranian textbook revealed that there was not any use of true-false questions. Therefore, the researcher's recommendations based on their findings are: 1) more emphasis on using numeric and algebraic expressions in the treatment of concepts; 2) increasing, significantly, the treatment of reasoning and proof standard; 3) using true-false questions in exercises and 4) using natural images in conceptualizations and transferring cultural contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most studied class of non-coding RNAs is microRNAs (miRNAs) which regulate more than 60% of human genes. A network of miRNA gene interactions participates in stem cell self-renewal, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, immunomodulation, and differentiation. Human pulp tissue-derived stem cells (PSCs) are an attractive source of dental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which comprise human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) obtained from the dental pulp of permanent teeth and stem cells isolated from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) that would be a therapeutic opportunity in stomatognathic system reconstruction and repair of other damaged tissues. The regenerative capacity of hDPSCs and SHEDs is mediated by osteogenic, odontogenic, myogenic, neurogenic, angiogenic differentiation, and immunomodulatory function. Multi-lineage differentiation of PSCs can be induced or inhibited by the interaction of miRNAs with their target genes. Manipulating the expression of functional miRNAs in PSCs by mimicking miRNAs or inhibiting miRNAs emerged as a therapeutic tool in the clinical translation. However, the effectiveness and safety of miRNA-based therapeutics, besides higher stability, biocompatibility, less off-target effects, and immunologic reactions, have received particular attention. This review aimed to comprehensively overview the molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA-modified PSCs as a futuristic therapeutic option in regenerative dentistry., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)