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2. Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate

Author

Ewers, Robert M., Orme, C. David L., Pearse, William D., Zulkifli, Nursyamin, Yvon-Durocher, Genevieve, Yusah, Kalsum M., Yoh, Natalie, Yeo, Darren C. J., Wong, Anna, Williamson, Joseph, Wilkinson, Clare L., Wiederkehr, Fabienne, Webber, Bruce L., Wearn, Oliver R., Wai, Leona, Vollans, Maisie, Twining, Joshua P., Turner, Edgar C., Tobias, Joseph A., Thorley, Jack, Telford, Elizabeth M., Teh, Yit Arn, Tan, Heok Hui, Swinfield, Tom, Svátek, Martin, Struebig, Matthew, Stork, Nigel, Sleutel, Jani, Slade, Eleanor M., Sharp, Adam, Shabrani, Adi, Sethi, Sarab S., Seaman, Dave J. I., Sawang, Anati, Roxby, Gabrielle Briana, Rowcliffe, J. Marcus, Rossiter, Stephen J., Riutta, Terhi, Rahman, Homathevi, Qie, Lan, Psomas, Elizabeth, Prairie, Aaron, Poznansky, Frederica, Pillay, Rajeev, Picinali, Lorenzo, Pianzin, Annabel, Pfeifer, Marion, Parrett, Jonathan M., Noble, Ciar D., Nilus, Reuben, Mustaffa, Nazirah, Mullin, Katherine E., Mitchell, Simon, Mckinlay, Amelia R., Maunsell, Sarah, Matula, Radim, Massam, Michael, Martin, Stephanie, Malhi, Yadvinder, Majalap, Noreen, Maclean, Catherine S., Mackintosh, Emma, Luke, Sarah H., Lewis, Owen T., Layfield, Harry J., Lane-Shaw, Isolde, Kueh, Boon Hee, Kratina, Pavel, Konopik, Oliver, Kitching, Roger, Kinneen, Lois, Kemp, Victoria A., Jotan, Palasiah, Jones, Nick, Jebrail, Evyen W., Hroneš, Michal, Heon, Sui Peng, Hemprich-Bennett, David R., Haysom, Jessica K., Harianja, Martina F., Hardwick, Jane, Gregory, Nichar, Gray, Ryan, Gray, Ross E. J., Granville, Natasha, Gill, Richard, Fraser, Adam, Foster, William A., Folkard-Tapp, Hollie, Fletcher, Robert J., Fikri, Arman Hadi, Fayle, Tom M., Faruk, Aisyah, Eggleton, Paul, Edwards, David P., Drinkwater, Rosie, Dow, Rory A., Döbert, Timm F., Didham, Raphael K., Dickinson, Katharine J. M., Deere, Nicolas J., de Lorm, Tijmen, Dawood, Mahadimenakbar M., Davison, Charles W., Davies, Zoe G., Davies, Richard G., Dančák, Martin, Cusack, Jeremy, Clare, Elizabeth L., Chung, Arthur, Chey, Vun Khen, Chapman, Philip M., Cator, Lauren, Carpenter, Daniel, Carbone, Chris, Calloway, Kerry, Bush, Emma R., Burslem, David F. R. P., Brown, Keiron D., Brooks, Stephen J., Brasington, Ella, Brant, Hayley, Boyle, Michael J. W., Both, Sabine, Blackman, Joshua, Bishop, Tom R., Bicknell, Jake E., Bernard, Henry, Basrur, Saloni, Barclay, Maxwell V. L., Barclay, Holly, Atton, Georgina, Ancrenaz, Marc, Aldridge, David C., Daniel, Olivia Z., Reynolds, Glen, and Banks-Leite, Cristina

Published
2024
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4. Mycorrhizal feedbacks influence global forest structure and diversity.

Author

Delavaux, Camille, LaManna, Joseph, Myers, Jonathan, Phillips, Richard, Aguilar, Salomón, Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina, Baker, Matthew, Baltzer, Jennifer, Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bonfim, Mariana, Bourg, Norman, Brockelman, Warren, Burslem, David, Chang, Li-Wan, Chen, Yang, Chiang, Jyh-Min, Chu, Chengjin, Clay, Keith, Cordell, Susan, Cortese, Mary, den Ouden, Jan, Dick, Christopher, Ediriweera, Sisira, Ellis, Erle, Feistner, Anna, Freestone, Amy, Giambelluca, Thomas, Giardina, Christian, He, Fangliang, Holík, Jan, Howe, Robert, Huaraca Huasca, Walter, Hubbell, Stephen, Inman, Faith, Jansen, Patrick, Johnson, Daniel, Kral, Kamil, Larson, Andrew, Litton, Creighton, Lutz, James, Malhi, Yadvinder, McGuire, Krista, McMahon, Sean, McShea, William, Memiaghe, Hervé, Nathalang, Anuttara, Norden, Natalia, Novotny, Vojtech, OBrien, Michael, Orwig, David, Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Geoffrey, Pérez, Rolando, Reynolds, Glen, Russo, Sabrina, Sack, Lawren, Šamonil, Pavel, Sun, I-Fang, Swanson, Mark, Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Vandermeer, John, Wang, Xihua, Ware, Ian, Weiblen, George, Wolf, Amy, Wu, Shu-Hui, Zimmerman, Jess, Lauber, Thomas, Maynard, Daniel, Crowther, Thomas, Averill, Colin, and Gilbert, Gregory|Greg

Subjects
Mycorrhizae, Feedback, Symbiosis, Plants, Soil
Abstract

One mechanism proposed to explain high species diversity in tropical systems is strong negative conspecific density dependence (CDD), which reduces recruitment of juveniles in proximity to conspecific adult plants. Although evidence shows that plant-specific soil pathogens can drive negative CDD, trees also form key mutualisms with mycorrhizal fungi, which may counteract these effects. Across 43 large-scale forest plots worldwide, we tested whether ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibit weaker negative CDD than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. We further tested for conmycorrhizal density dependence (CMDD) to test for benefit from shared mutualists. We found that the strength of CDD varies systematically with mycorrhizal type, with ectomycorrhizal tree species exhibiting higher sapling densities with increasing adult densities than arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species. Moreover, we found evidence of positive CMDD for tree species of both mycorrhizal types. Collectively, these findings indicate that mycorrhizal interactions likely play a foundational role in global forest diversity patterns and structure.

Published
2023

5. Tropical tree ectomycorrhiza are distributed independently of soil nutrients

Author

Medina-Vega, José A., Zuleta, Daniel, Aguilar, Salomón, Alonso, Alfonso, Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Brockelman, Warren Y., Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Burslem, David F. R. P., Castaño, Nicolás, Chave, Jérôme, Dalling, James W., de Oliveira, Alexandre A., Duque, Álvaro, Ediriweera, Sisira, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Filip, Jonah, Hubbell, Stephen P., Itoh, Akira, Kiratiprayoon, Somboon, Lum, Shawn K. Y., Makana, Jean-Remy, Memiaghe, Hervé, Mitre, David, Mohamad, Mohizah Bt., Nathalang, Anuttara, Nilus, Reuben, Nkongolo, Nsalambi V., Novotny, Vojtech, O’Brien, Michael J., Pérez, Rolando, Pongpattananurak, Nantachai, Reynolds, Glen, Russo, Sabrina E., Tan, Sylvester, Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, María, Valencia, Renato, Vicentini, Alberto, Yao, Tze Leong, Zimmerman, Jess K., and Davies, Stuart J.

Published
2024
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6. Author Correction: Landscape-scale benefits of protected areas for tropical biodiversity

Author

Brodie, Jedediah F., Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan, Chen, Cheng, Wearn, Oliver R., Deith, Mairin C. M., Ball, James G. C., Slade, Eleanor M., Burslem, David F. R. P., Teoh, Shu Woan, Williams, Peter J., Nguyen, An, Moore, Jonathan H., Goetz, Scott J., Burns, Patrick, Jantz, Patrick, Hakkenberg, Christopher R., Kaszta, Zaneta M., Cushman, Sam, Coomes, David, Helmy, Olga E., Reynolds, Glen, Rodríguez, Jon Paul, Jetz, Walter, and Luskin, Matthew Scott

Published
2024
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7. Landscape-scale benefits of protected areas for tropical biodiversity

Author

Brodie, Jedediah F., Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan, Chen, Cheng, Wearn, Oliver R., Deith, Mairin C. M., Ball, James G. C., Slade, Eleanor M., Burslem, David F. R. P., Teoh, Shu Woan, Williams, Peter J., Nguyen, An, Moore, Jonathan H., Goetz, Scott J., Burns, Patrick, Jantz, Patrick, Hakkenberg, Christopher R., Kaszta, Zaneta M., Cushman, Sam, Coomes, David, Helmy, Olga E., Reynolds, Glen, Rodríguez, Jon Paul, Jetz, Walter, and Luskin, Matthew Scott

Published
2023
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9. Publisher Correction: Landscape-scale benefits of protected areas for tropical biodiversity

Author

Brodie, Jedediah F., Mohd-Azlan, Jayasilan, Chen, Cheng, Wearn, Oliver R., Deith, Mairin C. M., Ball, James G. C., Slade, Eleanor M., Burslem, David F. R. P., Teoh, Shu Woan, Williams, Peter J., Nguyen, An, Moore, Jonathan H., Goetz, Scott J., Burns, Patrick, Jantz, Patrick, Hakkenberg, Christopher R., Kaszta, Zaneta M., Cushman, Sam, Coomes, David, Helmy, Olga E., Reynolds, Glen, Rodríguez, Jon Paul, Jetz, Walter, and Luskin, Matthew Scott

Published
2024
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10. Arbuscular mycorrhizal trees influence the latitudinal beta-diversity gradient of tree communities in forests worldwide.

Author

Zhong, Yonglin, Chu, Chengjin, Myers, Jonathan A, Gilbert, Gregory S, Lutz, James A, Stillhard, Jonas, Zhu, Kai, Thompson, Jill, Baltzer, Jennifer L, He, Fangliang, LaManna, Joseph A, Davies, Stuart J, Aderson-Teixeira, Kristina J, Burslem, David FRP, Alonso, Alfonso, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Wang, Xugao, Gao, Lianming, Orwig, David A, Yin, Xue, Sui, Xinghua, Su, Zhiyao, Abiem, Iveren, Bissiengou, Pulchérie, Bourg, Norm, Butt, Nathalie, Cao, Min, Chang-Yang, Chia-Hao, Chao, Wei-Chun, Chapman, Hazel, Chen, Yu-Yun, Coomes, David A, Cordell, Susan, de Oliveira, Alexandre A, Du, Hu, Fang, Suqin, Giardina, Christian P, Hao, Zhanqing, Hector, Andrew, Hubbell, Stephen P, Janík, David, Jansen, Patrick A, Jiang, Mingxi, Jin, Guangze, Kenfack, David, Král, Kamil, Larson, Andrew J, Li, Buhang, Li, Xiankun, Li, Yide, Lian, Juyu, Lin, Luxiang, Liu, Feng, Liu, Yankun, Liu, Yu, Luan, Fuchen, Luo, Yahuang, Ma, Keping, Malhi, Yadvinder, McMahon, Sean M, McShea, William, Memiaghe, Hervé, Mi, Xiangcheng, Morecroft, Mike, Novotny, Vojtech, O'Brien, Michael J, Ouden, Jan den, Parker, Geoffrey G, Qiao, Xiujuan, Ren, Haibao, Reynolds, Glen, Samonil, Pavel, Sang, Weiguo, Shen, Guochun, Shen, Zhiqiang, Song, Guo-Zhang Michael, Sun, I-Fang, Tang, Hui, Tian, Songyan, Uowolo, Amanda L, Uriarte, María, Wang, Bin, Wang, Xihua, Wang, Youshi, Weiblen, George D, Wu, Zhihong, Xi, Nianxun, Xiang, Wusheng, Xu, Han, Xu, Kun, Ye, Wanhui, Yu, Mingjian, Zeng, Fuping, Zhang, Minhua, Zhang, Yingming, Zhu, Li, and Zimmerman, Jess K

Subjects
Mycorrhizae, Trees, Soil Microbiology, Biodiversity, Plant Dispersal, Forests, Host Microbial Interactions
Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) associations are critical for host-tree performance. However, how mycorrhizal associations correlate with the latitudinal tree beta-diversity remains untested. Using a global dataset of 45 forest plots representing 2,804,270 trees across 3840 species, we test how AM and EcM trees contribute to total beta-diversity and its components (turnover and nestedness) of all trees. We find AM rather than EcM trees predominantly contribute to decreasing total beta-diversity and turnover and increasing nestedness with increasing latitude, probably because wide distributions of EcM trees do not generate strong compositional differences among localities. Environmental variables, especially temperature and precipitation, are strongly correlated with beta-diversity patterns for both AM trees and all trees rather than EcM trees. Results support our hypotheses that latitudinal beta-diversity patterns and environmental effects on these patterns are highly dependent on mycorrhizal types. Our findings highlight the importance of AM-dominated forests for conserving global forest biodiversity.

Published
2021

11. CamTrapAsia: A dataset of tropical forest vertebrate communities from 239 camera trapping studies

Author

Mendes, Calebe P., primary, Albert, Wido R., additional, Amir, Zachary, additional, Ancrenaz, Marc, additional, Ash, Eric, additional, Azhar, Badrul, additional, Bernard, Henry, additional, Brodie, Jedediah, additional, Bruce, Tom, additional, Carr, Elliot, additional, Clements, Gopalasamy Reuben, additional, Davies, Glyn, additional, Deere, Nicolas J., additional, Dinata, Yoan, additional, Donnelly, Christl A., additional, Duangchantrasiri, Somphot, additional, Fredriksson, Gabriella, additional, Goossens, Benoit, additional, Granados, Alys, additional, Hearn, Andrew, additional, Hon, Jason, additional, Hughes, Tom, additional, Jansen, Patrick, additional, Kawanishi, Kae, additional, Kinnaird, Margaret, additional, Koh, Sharon, additional, Latinne, Alice, additional, Linkie, Matthew, additional, Loi, Federica, additional, Lynam, Anthony J., additional, Meijaard, Erik, additional, Mohd‐Azlan, Jayasilan, additional, Moore, Jonathan H., additional, Nathan, Senthilvel K. S. S., additional, Ngoprasert, Dusit, additional, Novarino, Wilson, additional, Nursamsi, Ilyas, additional, O'Brien, Timothy, additional, Ong, Robert, additional, Payne, John, additional, Priatna, Dolly, additional, Rayan, D. Mark, additional, Reynolds, Glen, additional, Rustam, Rustam, additional, Selvadurai, Sasidhran, additional, Shia, Amanda, additional, Silmi, Muhammad, additional, Sinovas, Pablo, additional, Sribuarod, Kriangsak, additional, Steinmetz, Robert, additional, Struebig, Matthew J., additional, Sukmasuang, Ronglarp, additional, Sunarto, Sunarto, additional, Tarmizi, Tarmizi, additional, Thapa, Arjun, additional, Traeholt, Carl, additional, Wearn, Oliver R., additional, Wibisono, Hariyo B., additional, Wilting, Andreas, additional, Wong, Seth Timothy, additional, Wong, Siew Te, additional, Word, Jettie, additional, Chiok, Wen Xuan, additional, Zainuddin, Zainal Zahari, additional, and Luskin, Matthew Scott, additional

Published
2024
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13. A regional model for estimating the aboveground carbon density of Borneo's tropical forests from airborne laser scanning

Author

Jucker, Tommaso, Asner, Gregory P., Dalponte, Michele, Brodrick, Philip, Philipson, Christopher D., Vaughn, Nick, Brelsford, Craig, Burslem, David F. R. P., Deere, Nicholas J., Ewers, Robert M., Kvasnica, Jakub, Lewis, Simon L., Malhi, Yadvinder, Milne, Sol, Nilus, Reuben, Pfeifer, Marion, Phillips, Oliver, Qie, Lan, Renneboog, Nathan, Reynolds, Glen, Riutta, Terhi, Struebig, Matthew J., Svátek, Martin, Teh, Yit Arn, Turner, Edgar C., and Coomes, David A.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Borneo contains some of the world's most biodiverse and carbon dense tropical forest, but this 750,000-km2 island has lost 62% of its old-growth forests within the last 40 years. Efforts to protect and restore the remaining forests of Borneo hinge on recognising the ecosystem services they provide, including their ability to store and sequester carbon. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is a remote sensing technology that allows forest structural properties to be captured in great detail across vast geographic areas. In recent years ALS has been integrated into state-wide assessment of forest carbon in Neotropical and African regions, but not yet in Asia. For this to happen new regional models need to be developed for estimating carbon stocks from ALS in tropical Asia, as the forests of this region are structurally and compositionally distinct from those found elsewhere in the tropics. By combining ALS imagery with data from 173 permanent forest plots spanning the lowland rain forests of Sabah, on the island of Borneo, we develop a simple-yet-general model for estimating forest carbon stocks using ALS-derived canopy height and canopy cover as input metrics. An advanced feature of this new model is the propagation of uncertainty in both ALS- and ground-based data, allowing uncertainty in hectare-scale estimates of carbon stocks to be quantified robustly. We show that the model effectively captures variation in aboveground carbons stocks across extreme disturbance gradients spanning tall dipterocarp forests and heavily logged regions, and clearly outperforms existing ALS-based models calibrated for the tropics, as well as currently available satellite-derived products. Our model provides a simple, generalised and effective approach for mapping forest carbon stocks in Borneo, providing a key tool to support the protection and restoration of its tropical forests.

Published
2017

15. Bornean tropical forests recovering from logging at risk of regeneration failure

Author

Bartholomew, David C., primary, Hayward, Robin, additional, Burslem, David F. R. P., additional, Bittencourt, Paulo R. L., additional, Chapman, Daniel, additional, Bin Suis, Mohd. Aminur Faiz, additional, Nilus, Reuben, additional, O'Brien, Michael J., additional, Reynolds, Glen, additional, Rowland, Lucy, additional, Banin, Lindsay F., additional, and Dent, Daisy, additional

Published
2024
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16. Integrating rapid assessment, variable probability sampling, and machine learning to improve accuracy and consistency in mapping local spatial distribution of plant species richness.

Author

Perng, Bo-Hao, Lam, Tzeng Yih, Su, Sheng-Hsin, Sabri, Mohamad Danial Bin Md, Burslem, David, Cardenas, Dairon, Duque, Álvaro, Ediriweera, Sisira, Gunatilleke, Nimal, Novotny, Vojtech, O'Brien, Michael J, and Reynolds, Glen

Subjects
SPECIES diversity, SPECIES distribution, PHYTOGEOGRAPHY, PLANT species, MACHINE learning, CENSUS
Abstract

Conserving plant diversity is integral to sustainable forest management. This study aims at diversifying tools to map spatial distribution of species richness. We develop a sampling strategy of using rapid assessments by local communities to gather prior information on species richness distribution to drive census cell selection by sampling with covariate designs. An artificial neural network model is built to predict the spatial patterns. Accuracy and consistency of rapid assessment factors, sample selection methods, and sampling intensity of census cells were tested in a simulation study with seven 25–50-ha census plots in the tropics and subtropics. Results showed that identifying more plant individuals in a rapid assessment improved accuracy and consistency, while transect was comparable to or slightly better than nearest-neighbor assessment, but knowing more species had little effects. Results of sampling with covariate designs depended on covariates. The covariate I freq, inverse of the frequency of the rapidly assessed species richness strata, was the best choice. List sampling and local pivotal method with I freq increased accuracy by 0.7%–1.6% and consistency by 7.6%–12.0% for 5% to 20% sampling intensity. This study recommends a rapid assessment method of selecting 20 individuals at every 20-m interval along a transect. Knowing at least half of the species in a forest that are abundant is sufficient. Local pivotal method is recommended at 5% sampling intensity or less. This study presents a methodology to directly involve local communities in probability-based forest resource assessment to support decision-making in forest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Mapping distribution of woody plant species richness from field rapid assessment and machine learning.

Author

Bo-Hao PERNG, Bo-Hao, Tzeng Yih LAM, Su-Ting CHENG, Sheng-Hsin SU, ANDERSON-TEIXEIRA, Kristina J., BOURG, Norman A., BURSLEM, David F. R. P., CASTAÑO, Nicolas, DUQUE, Álvaro, EDIRIWEERA, Sisira, GUNATILLEKE, Nimal, LUTZ, James A., MCSHEA, William J., MD SABRI, Mohamad Danial, NOVOTNY, Vojtech, O'BRIEN, Michael J., REYNOLDS, Glen, WEIBLEN, George D., and ZULETA, Daniel

Subjects
SPECIES diversity, ARTIFICIAL neural networks, PLANT species, PHYTOGEOGRAPHY, CENSUS, WOODY plants
Abstract

Sustainable forest management needs information on spatial distribution of species richness. The objectives of this study were to understand whether knowledge, method, and effort of a rapid assessment affected accuracy and consistency in mapping species richness. A simulation study was carried out with nine 25-50 ha census plots located in tropical, subtropical, and temperate zones. Each forest site was first tessellated into non-overlapping cells. Rapid assessment was conducted in all cells to generate a complete coverage of proxies of the underlying species richness. Cells were subsampled for census, where all plant individuals were identified to species in these census cells. An artificial neural network model was built using the census cells that contain rapid assessment and census information. The model then predicted species richness of cells that were not censused. Results showed that knowledge level did not improve the accuracy and consistency in mapping species richness. Rapid assessment effort and method significantly affected the accuracy and consistency. Increasing rapid assessment effort from 10 to 40 plant individuals could improve the accuracy and consistency up to 2.2% and 2.8%, respectively. Transect reduced accuracy and consistency by up to 0.5% and 0.8%, respectively. This study suggests that knowing at least half of the species in a forest is sufficient for a rapid assessment. At least 20 plant individuals per cell is recommended for rapid assessment. Lastly, a rapid assessment could be carried out by local communities that are familiar with their forests; thus, further supporting sustainable forest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Positive effects of tree diversity on tropical forest restoration in a field-scale experiment

Author

Veryard, Ryan, primary, Wu, Jinhui, additional, O’Brien, Michael J., additional, Anthony, Rosila, additional, Both, Sabine, additional, Burslem, David F.R.P., additional, Chen, Bin, additional, Fernandez-Miranda Cagigal, Elena, additional, Godfray, H. Charles J., additional, Godoong, Elia, additional, Liang, Shunlin, additional, Saner, Philippe, additional, Schmid, Bernhard, additional, Sau Wai, Yap, additional, Xie, Jun, additional, Reynolds, Glen, additional, and Hector, Andy, additional

Published
2023
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19. Integrating rapid assessment, variable probability sampling, and machine learning to improve accuracy and consistency in mapping local spatial distribution of plant species richness

Author

Perng, Bo-Hao, primary, Lam, Tzeng Yih, additional, Su, Sheng-Hsin, additional, Md Sabri, Mohamad Danial Bin, additional, Burslem, David, additional, Cardenas, Dairon, additional, Duque, Álvaro, additional, Ediriweera, Sisira, additional, Gunatilleke, Nimal, additional, Novotny, Vojtech, additional, O’Brien, Michael J, additional, and Reynolds, Glen, additional

Published
2023
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20. Global importance of large-diameter trees

Author

Lutz, James A., Furniss, Tucker J., Johnson, Daniel J., Davies, Stuart J., Allen, David, Alonso, Alfonso, Anderson-Teixeira, Kristina J., Andrade, Ana, Baltzer, Jennifer, Becker, Kendall M. L., Blomdahl, Erika M., Bourg, Norman A., Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Burslem, David F. R. P., Cansler, C. Alina, Cao, Ke, Cao, Min, Cárdenas, Dairon, Chang, Li-Wan, Chao, Kuo-Jung, Chao, Wei-Chun, Chiang, Jyh-Min, Chu, Chengjin, Chuyong, George B., Clay, Keith, Condit, Richard, Cordell, Susan, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., Duque, Alvaro, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Fischer, Gunter A., Fletcher, Christine, Freund, James A., Giardina, Christian, Germain, Sara J., Gilbert, Gregory S., Hao, Zhanqing, Hart, Terese, Hau, Billy C. H., He, Fangliang, Hector, Andrew, Howe, Robert W., Hsieh, Chang-Fu, Hu, Yue-Hua, Hubbell, Stephen P., Inman-Narahari, Faith M., Itoh, Akira, Janík, David, Kassim, Abdul Rahman, Kenfack, David, Korte, Lisa, Král, Kamil, Larson, Andrew J., Li, YiDe, Lin, Yiching, Liu, Shirong, Lum, Shawn, Ma, Keping, Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, McMahon, Sean M., McShea, William J., Memiaghe, Hervé R., Mi, Xiangcheng, Morecroft, Michael, Musili, Paul M., Myers, Jonathan A., Novotny, Vojtech, de Oliveira, Alexandre, Ong, Perry, Orwig, David A., Ostertag, Rebecca, Parker, Geoffrey G., Patankar, Rajit, Phillips, Richard P., Reynolds, Glen, Sack, Lawren, Song, Guo-Zhang M., Su, Sheng-Hsin, Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I-Fang, Suresh, Hebbalalu S., Swanson, Mark E., Tan, Sylvester, Thomas, Duncan W., Thompson, Jill, Uriarte, Maria, Valencia, Renato, Vicentini, Alberto, Vrška, Tomáš, Wang, Xugao, Weiblen, George D., Wolf, Amy, Wu, Shu-Hui, Xu, Han, Yamakura, Takuo, Yap, Sandra, and Zimmerman, Jess K.

Published
2018

23. The vegetative propagation & early development of dipterocarp cuttings

Author

Reynolds, Glen, Buckley, Peter, and Simmons, Eunice

Subjects
634.97362456
Abstract

Many of the lowland rainforests of SE Asia have been degraded by logging and shifting cultivation, are lacking in natural recruitment (particularly among the dipterocarps) and are in critical need of rehabilitation. Enrichment planting is an established method of rainforest rehabilitation but this depends upon a reliable supply of dipterocarp seedlings. However, due to their habit of mass flowering, the supply of dipterocarp seed, and hence planting material, is sporadic. It is therefore of critical importance that alternative methods for the large-scale production of dipterocarps are developed. Vegetative propagation by cuttings would in theory be ideal but few rehabilitation projects are propagating dipterocarps by this method. The reasons for this are two-fold: questions remain at the propagation phase (particularly the influence of light and applied hormones on rooting) and, more importantly, there is almost no evidence to indicate how dipterocarp cuttings develop after planting. The role of light and plant growth regulators on rooting in cuttings of Dryobalanops lanceolata, Parashorea malaanonan and Shorea leprosula was investigated. The responses of these species to the level of irradiance were plastic and there were no effects on cutting survival, rooting percentage or root development. Previous research on the use of plant growth regulators to promote rooting in dipterocarp cuttings has been inconclusive. Several concentrations of indole-butyric acid (IBA) were applied to cuttings of the same species for various durations. High concentration IBA combined with long exposure duration treatments resulted in high cutting mortality. Application of IBA did not significantly improve either root initiation or subsequent development. Cuttings showed higher mortality than seedlings up to 20 months after planting though, for both plant types, survival was similar to that reported in previous research on enrichment-planted and naturally-recruited dipterocarp seedlings. Relative growth rates were higher in cuttings than seedlings. Cuttings had a lower root:shoot ratio at planting, and lower above- and below-ground biomass, but after 20 months these values had converged towards those of seedlings. After eight years cuttings and seedlings of D. lanceolata had similar above- and below-ground biomass. Cuttings tended to have a higher root:shoot ratio but there were no differences in rooting depth or root distribution down the soil profile. Cuttings produced a 'pseudo-taproot' of similar form and extent to the taproot produced by seedlings. In conclusion, the propagation of dipterocarps by cuttings could provide a viable alternative for the large-scale production of planting material. Cuttings showed similar development to seedlings after planting and it can be reported with some confidence that the root systems of dipterocarp cuttings would likely be capable of supporting the tree to maturity.

Published
2006
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25. The value of biodiversity for the functioning of tropical forests: insurance effects during the first decade of the Sabah biodiversity experiment

Author

Tuck, Sean L., O'Brien, Michael J., Philipson, Christopher D., Saner, Philippe, Tanadini, Matteo, Dzulkifli, Dzaeman, Godfray, H. Charles J., Godoong, Elia, Nilus, Reuben, Ong, Robert C., Schmid, Bernhard, Sinun, Waidi, Snaddon, Jake L., Snoep, Martijn, Tangki, Hamzah, Tay, John, Ulok, Philip, Wai, Yap Sau, Weilenmann, Maja, Reynolds, Glen, and Hector, Andy

Published
2016

27. Was George Fox a gnostic?

Author

Reynolds, Glen David

Subjects
289.6092
Abstract

The critique of Quakerism made by John Owen (Puritan Vice-chancellor of Oxford University) in tracts published in 1655 and 1679 was that Quaker theology renewed aspects of Gnosticism, a theology interpreted by patristic commentators as a Christian heresy. Owen's comparison was confined to the Quaker concepts of Light and spiritual perfection (which Owen viewed as being similar to the nature and function of Gnostic revelatory knowledge). This thesis argues that Fox's theological message (and in particular his interpretation of the concept of revelatory Light) incorporated a remarkably similar soteriology and realised eschatology to that found in Valentinian Christian Gnosticism. Gnosis is defined (Chapter 1) as an individual's realisation, arising from revelatory knowledge and spiritual baptism (received in a Christian context from the redeemer figure of Christ) that a divine ontological component exists within the human body which needs to reunite with a consubstantial eternal heavenly Light/Christ. The soteriological and eschatological implications arising from Valentinian Gnostic revelation are therefore: supernatural reunion of the divine element in the individual with Christ (chapter 2) awakening the individual to their divinity, resulting in spiritual perfection and freedom from the power and temptation of sin on earth (chapter 3); 2. the consequential devaluation of calendrical time/events (as significant aspects of theological exegesis) in pursuance of an anti-cosmic/historical emphasis upon inward revelation, thus limiting the authority of a) Scripture and b) communion and baptism to the extent that they are historically particular outward rituals (chapter 4). Fox claimed to restore primitive Christianity, yet unconsciously renewed aspects of Valentinian Christian Gnosticism. His quest for divine union, perfection and a realised eschatology is readily transferable to the early Church context of Valentinian Gnosticism in which (in opposition to the authority of the developing orthodoxy) reunion with God is a realisable eschatological aim on earth. The concept of union with God is a "keystone" of Foxian theology and incorporates the use of "Light" in an eschatologically motivated metaphysical dynamic. Previous scholarship has generally emphasised "Light" and "union" in Fox's theology as merely ethically motivated concepts. The conclusions of this thesis place Fox's quest for divine union and perfection in a Valentinian context, as opposed to the purely apocalyptic framework identified in current research. The thesis detects similarities between the demise of Valentinian Gnosticism and the abandonment of a distinctive Valentinian theology in Fox's message. There is no evidence that Fox used or was influenced by Gnostic mythological texts, save for an isolated reference Fox makes to concepts found in Gnostic-Hermeticism. This fact, together with a difference in scriptural/sacramental exegesis between Fox and Valentinian Gnosticism and the Valentinian reservation of a postmortem element to eschatological completion, results in the thesis concluding that Foxian theology is not Gnostic per se but is nevertheless remarkably similar to Valentinian Gnosticism.

Published
2004

30. Tropical forests post-logging are a persistent net carbon source to the atmosphere

Author

Mills, Maria B., primary, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Ewers, Robert M., additional, Kho, Lip Khoon, additional, Teh, Yit Arn, additional, Both, Sabine, additional, Burslem, David F. R. P., additional, Majalap, Noreen, additional, Nilus, Reuben, additional, Huaraca Huasco, Walter, additional, Cruz, Rudi, additional, Pillco, Milenka M., additional, Turner, Edgar C., additional, Reynolds, Glen, additional, and Riutta, Terhi, additional

Published
2023
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32. The road to recovery: a synthesis of outcomes from ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asian forests

Author

Banin, Lindsay F., Raine, Elizabeth H., Rowland, Lucy M., Chazdon, Robin L., Smith, Stuart W., Rahman, Nur Estya Binte, Butler, Adam, Philipson, Christopher, Applegate, Grahame G., Axelsson, Petter, Budiharta, Sugeng, Chua, Siew Chin, Cutler, Mark E. J., Elliott, Stephen, Godoong, Elia, Graham, Laura L. B., Hayward, Robin M., Hector, Andy, Ilstedt, Ulrik, Kasinathan, Srinivasan, Kettle, Christopher J., Lussetti, Daniel, Manohan, Benjapan, Maycock, Colin, Ngo, Kang Min, O'Brien, Michael J., Osuri, Anand M., Reynolds, Glen, Sauwai, Yap, Scheu, Stefan, Silalahi, Mangarah, Slade, Eleanor M., Swinfield, Tom, Wardle, David A., Wheeler, Charlotte, Yeong, Kok Loong, and Burslem, David F. R. P.

Subjects
Ecology, Forest Science
Abstract

Current policy is driving renewed impetus to restore forests to return ecological function, protect species, sequester carbon and secure livelihoods. Here we assess the contribution of tree planting to ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asia; we synthesize evidence on mortality and growth of planted trees at 176 sites and assess structural and biodiversity recovery of co-located actively restored and naturally regenerating forest plots. Mean mortality of planted trees was 18% 1 year after planting, increasing to 44% after 5 years. Mortality varied strongly by site and was typically ca 20% higher in open areas than degraded forest, with height at planting positively affecting survival. Size-standardized growth rates were negatively related to species-level wood density in degraded forest and plantations enrichment settings. Based on community-level data from 11 landscapes, active restoration resulted in faster accumulation of tree basal area and structural properties were closer to old-growth reference sites, relative to natural regeneration, but tree species richness did not differ. High variability in outcomes across sites indicates that planting for restoration is potentially rewarding but risky and context-dependent. Restoration projects must prepare for and manage commonly occurring challenges and align with efforts to protect and reconnect remaining forest areas.The abstract of this article is available in Bahasa Indonesia in the electronic supplementary material.This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.

Published
2023

34. Logging alters tropical forest structure, while conversion reduces biodiversity and functioning

Author

Marsh, Charles J., primary, Turner, Edgar C., additional, Blonder, Benjamin, additional, Bongalov, Boris, additional, Both, Sabine, additional, Cruz, Rudi S., additional, Elias, Dafydd M. O., additional, Hemprich-Bennett, David, additional, Jotan, Palasiah, additional, Kemp, Victoria, additional, Kritzler, Ully H., additional, Milne, Sol, additional, Milodowski, David T., additional, Mitchell, Simon L., additional, Pillco, Milenka Montoya, additional, Nunes, Matheus Henrique, additional, Riutta, Terhi, additional, Robinson, Samuel J. B., additional, Slade, Eleanor M., additional, Bernard, Henry, additional, Burslem, David F. R. P., additional, Chung, Arthur Y. C., additional, Clare, Elizabeth L., additional, Coomes, David A., additional, Davies, Zoe G., additional, Edwards, David P., additional, Johnson, David, additional, Kratina, Pavel, additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Majalap, Noreen, additional, Nilus, Reuben, additional, Ostle, Nicholas J., additional, Rossiter, Stephen J., additional, Struebig, Matthew J., additional, Williams, Mathew, additional, Ewers, Robert M., additional, Lewis, Owen T., additional, Reynolds, Glen, additional, Teh, Yit Arn, additional, and Hector, Andy, additional

Published
2022
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36. The road to recovery: a synthesis of outcomes from ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asian forests

Author

Banin, Lindsay F., primary, Raine, Elizabeth H., additional, Rowland, Lucy M., additional, Chazdon, Robin L., additional, Smith, Stuart W., additional, Rahman, Nur Estya Binte, additional, Butler, Adam, additional, Philipson, Christopher, additional, Applegate, Grahame G., additional, Axelsson, E. Petter, additional, Budiharta, Sugeng, additional, Chua, Siew Chin, additional, Cutler, Mark E. J., additional, Elliott, Stephen, additional, Gemita, Elva, additional, Godoong, Elia, additional, Graham, Laura L. B., additional, Hayward, Robin M., additional, Hector, Andy, additional, Ilstedt, Ulrik, additional, Jensen, Joel, additional, Kasinathan, Srinivasan, additional, Kettle, Christopher J., additional, Lussetti, Daniel, additional, Manohan, Benjapan, additional, Maycock, Colin, additional, Ngo, Kang Min, additional, O'Brien, Michael J., additional, Osuri, Anand M., additional, Reynolds, Glen, additional, Sauwai, Yap, additional, Scheu, Stefan, additional, Silalahi, Mangarah, additional, Slade, Eleanor M., additional, Swinfield, Tom, additional, Wardle, David A., additional, Wheeler, Charlotte, additional, Yeong, Kok Loong, additional, and Burslem, David F. R. P., additional

Published
2022
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38. Positive effects of tree diversity on tropical forest restoration in a field-scale experiment

Author

Veryard, Ryan, primary, Wu, Jinhui, additional, O’Brien, Michael J., additional, Anthony, Rosila, additional, Both, Sabine, additional, Burslem, David F.R.P., additional, Chen, Bin, additional, Cagigal, Elena Fernandez-Miranda, additional, J. Godfray, H. Charles, additional, Godoong, Elia, additional, Liang, Shunlin, additional, Saner, Philippe, additional, Schmid, Bernhard, additional, Wai, Yap Sau, additional, Xie, Jun, additional, Reynolds, Glen, additional, and Hector, Andy, additional

Published
2022
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43. Logged tropical forests are a net carbon source to the atmosphere as investigated by eddy covariance and biometric ground-based estimates

Author

Mills, Maria, primary, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Ewers, Robert M., additional, Kho, Lip Khoon, additional, Teh, Yit Arn, additional, Burslem, David F. R. P, additional, Both, Sabine, additional, Majalap, Noreen, additional, Nilus, Reuben, additional, Huaraca Huasco, Walter, additional, Turner, Edgar, additional, Reynolds, Glen, additional, and Riutta, Terhi, additional

Published
2022
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44. Distribution of biomass dynamics in relation to tree size in forests across the world

Author

Piponiot, Camille, primary, Anderson‐Teixeira, Kristina J., additional, Davies, Stuart J., additional, Allen, David, additional, Bourg, Norman A., additional, Burslem, David F. R. P., additional, Cárdenas, Dairon, additional, Chang‐Yang, Chia‐Hao, additional, Chuyong, George, additional, Cordell, Susan, additional, Dattaraja, Handanakere Shivaramaiah, additional, Duque, Álvaro, additional, Ediriweera, Sisira, additional, Ewango, Corneille, additional, Ezedin, Zacky, additional, Filip, Jonah, additional, Giardina, Christian P., additional, Howe, Robert, additional, Hsieh, Chang‐Fu, additional, Hubbell, Stephen P., additional, Inman‐Narahari, Faith M., additional, Itoh, Akira, additional, Janík, David, additional, Kenfack, David, additional, Král, Kamil, additional, Lutz, James A., additional, Makana, Jean‐Remy, additional, McMahon, Sean M., additional, McShea, William, additional, Mi, Xiangcheng, additional, Bt. Mohamad, Mohizah, additional, Novotný, Vojtěch, additional, O'Brien, Michael J., additional, Ostertag, Rebecca, additional, Parker, Geoffrey, additional, Pérez, Rolando, additional, Ren, Haibao, additional, Reynolds, Glen, additional, Md Sabri, Mohamad Danial, additional, Sack, Lawren, additional, Shringi, Ankur, additional, Su, Sheng‐Hsin, additional, Sukumar, Raman, additional, Sun, I‐Fang, additional, Suresh, Hebbalalu S., additional, Thomas, Duncan W., additional, Thompson, Jill, additional, Uriarte, Maria, additional, Vandermeer, John, additional, Wang, Yunquan, additional, Ware, Ian M., additional, Weiblen, George D., additional, Whitfeld, Timothy J. S., additional, Wolf, Amy, additional, Yao, Tze Leong, additional, Yu, Mingjian, additional, Yuan, Zuoqiang, additional, Zimmerman, Jess K., additional, Zuleta, Daniel, additional, and Muller‐Landau, Helene C., additional

Published
2022
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