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Background: Low self‐worth during adolescence predicts a range of emotional and behavioural problems. As such, identifying potential sources of influence on self‐worth in adolescence is important. Aims: The aim of this study was to construct The Relationship between Parents' Marital Satisfaction and Popularity in the Family with Sense of Self-worth and Spiritual Vitality of Children Working in Gifted Schools Methods: The research method is descriptive-correlational of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study is all talented students in Tehran during the academic year of 1400-1401. The sample consisted of 320 high school students in Tehran who were selected by cluster sampling and responded to Afrooz marital satisfaction scale (2016), Popularity of parent’s scale (Afrooz, 2012), Spiritual vitality scale (Afrooz, 2014) and Self-Worth Scale (Crocker and et al, 2003). To evaluate the proposed model, structural equation modeling was used using AMOS software version 24 and SPSS version 27. Results: The results of correlation coefficient showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between marital satisfaction and parental popularity with dimensions of spiritual vitality and self-worthiness (P< 0.05). Findings indicate that the proposed model fits the data appropriately. Also, 80% of the variance of self-worth is explained by marital satisfaction, parental popularity and spiritual vitality. In other words, couple's satisfaction and parental popularity directly and indirectly through spiritual vitality have a positive effect on students' self-worth. Couple's satisfaction and parental affection are associated with higher adolescents' self-worthiness. Conclusion: The data were cross-sectional, so the direction of the effects could not be confirmed, but the findings support the idea that couple's satisfaction and parental popularity in children increase adolescent's vitality and self-worthiness.

Background: The aim of the present study was to design and validate a family-centered psychological intervention program based on spiritual therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy and its effectiveness on the lifestyle of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The method of the present study was a combination based on a guided exploratory approach with a classification model, whose qualitative phase was based on the grounded theory method and its quantitative phase was based on a quasi-experimental design based on a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group. The sampling method for the qualitative part was purposive based on theoretical saturation and the sampling method for the quantitative part was available to 30 people. The instrument used was the Lali et al. lifestyle questionnaire. Results: Findings related to the qualitative section showed that the family-centered psychological intervention program based on spirituality and cognitive behavioral therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes included 12, 60-minute sessions, which was validated based on the seven-step technique of Lawshe. Also, findings related to the repeated measures variance test showed that the intervention program had a significant effect (p

Objective: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that can be exacerbated by stress, poor compliance and self-care practices. This study investigated the effects of self-care training combined with stress management on treatment adherence in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) people. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial with repeated measures. The study sample included 30 T2DM who were purposively selected among the eligible members of the Kerman Diabetes Association. The participants were randomized to the experimental group (stress management based on cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-care training) (n=15) and the control group (no intervention) (n=15). Both groups completed the Medanlo Treatment Adherence Questionnaire at the pretest, posttest, and follow-up time points. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA. Results: The post-test and follow-up mean scores of treatment adherence significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group (P< 0.001). In addition, the results demonstrated that treatment adherence improved in follow-up (P< 0.001). Conclusion: According to the study results, psychological training should be integrated with self-care training to achieve long lasting treatment adherence in T2DM people.

BACKGROUND: The Self-Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory -Patient Version 3 (SC-CHDI v3) is a globally used tool for assessing self-care behaviors among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study aimed to translate the SC-CHDI v3 into Farsi, validate it, and evaluate its psychometric properties among Iranian patients. METHODS: The translation of the original SC-CHDI v3 into Farsi was conducted in 2022 at Shaheed Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Tehran, Iran, following a standard forward-backward approach. The validation process included face, content, and construct validity. A panel of 10 experts scored each item's necessity on an ordinal Likert scale of three. The content validity ratio (CVR) was computed using the Lawshe formula. Ten judges from the predefined panel rated each item on a 4-point Likert scale regarding relevancy, clarity, and simplicity for individual CVI calculation. The mean individual-CVI was used to determine the Scale-CVI for each domain. Questions with minimum values of CVR and CVI were retained for reliability evaluation. Construct validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's α and McDonald's Omega. Test-retest reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). RESULTS: All questions achieved CVR values exceeding 0.62 and CVI scores of 0.80 or higher, and thus were retained in the questionnaire. Face validity evaluation indicated that all questions were deemed acceptable in terms of relevance and clarity. Cronbach's α coefficients for self-care maintenance and monitoring were 0.802 and 0.817, respectively, while McDonald's Omega for the self-care management scale was 0.725. The ICC was 0.81, demonstrating good test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed relative goodness of fit for all dimensions. CONCLUSION: The Farsi version of the SC-CHDI v3 proved to be a reliable tool for assessing self-care behaviors among Iranian CHD patients, enabling healthcare professionals to develop personalized self-care

BackgroundWhile schadenfreude is commonly experienced in interpersonal relationships, it is generally considered immoral. Although previous research has explored the factors relating to schadenfreude, including certain personality traits, moral disengagement, and humor styles, our understanding of these factors remains limited. The present study examined the mediating effects of moral disengagement and aggressive humor style in the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and schadenfreude.MethodsIn this study, a sample of 693 Iranian students (69.4% female), was recruited using a convenient sampling method, consisting of 330 undergraduate, 230 graduate, and 133 Ph.D. students. The trait schadenfreude scale, the short Dark Triad, the moral disengagement scale, and the aggressive humor style scale were measured through an online survey.ResultsThe study found that Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy were positively related to schadenfreude, aggressive humor style, and moral disengagement. Additionally, aggressive humor style and moral disengagement mediated the relationship between Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy with schadenfreude.ConclusionThis study provides insights into the complex relationships between Dark Triad traits, moral disengagement, aggressive humor style, and schadenfreude. The findings suggest that individuals with higher levels of Dark Triad traits may be more likely to experience pleasure from others’ misfortunes. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of moral disengagement and aggressive humor style as potential mechanisms underlying the relationship between Dark Triad traits and schadenfreude. Further research should be done to explore the motivational factors influencing schadenfreude in specific settings, thereby elucidating these connections.

The purpose of this study was to present a series of group schema therapy techniques. A research method was used and data collection was done with a qualitative approach through a review method. The official website of SID, IranDoc, Iran Medex, Ensani Portal, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed were used to search for resources. After searching keywords, the statistical population of this study included 94 articles and 7 books published between 2012 and 2021. A total of 13 articles and 5 books met the criteria to be included in the analysis. The results show 21 techniques from articles and 54 techniques from books. While cognitive techniques were the most common in the articles, the most common techniques in the books were of the experimental type. A review of the internal papers in this study revealed that less attention was paid to experimental techniques. Since experimental techniques play a constructive role in achieving therapeutic goals, the use of experimental techniques can be an effective step in treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that more attention be paid to experimental techniques in group schema therapy.

Background: Due to the high prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the country and the mental and physical constraints resulting from it, applying psychological interventions to overcome and improve the limitations patients, who are often of a young age (with an average age of 20-40), are faced with in their lives seems essential. Although MS is a progressive autoimmune disease, its mental symptoms can affect many aspects of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the self-review method on life satisfaction, efficacy, and quality of life (QOL) of MS patients. Methods: This study evaluated the effectiveness of the "self-review" method as a cognitive intervention in improving efficacy and QOL in patients with MS through a semi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design and control group. Through convenience sampling, 26 members of the Iranian MS Society (12 women and 14 men) were selected and were randomly divided into control and experimental groups (each group containing 13 subjects). After responding to the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Efficacy Scale‎ (MSSS) and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life (MSQOL-54) questionnaire, the experimental group received therapy sessions based on the "self-review technique" for about 3-4 weeks. The control group did not receive cognitive therapy. Results: To evaluate the difference between the obtained scores, the self-review method was considered as the independent variable, and self-efficacy and QOL (a combination of physical and mental health) were considered as dependent variables. The results from the slope of regression lines on the combination of physical health (P < 0.001; F = 19.29; df = 24) and mental health (P < 0.001; F = 13.34; df = 2) indicated that the slope of the regression lines was not homogeneous. The findings of this study indicated that using the self-review treatment method in individual counseling sessions improved self-efficacy and QOL in MS patients. This method positively changed patients’ perception of their physical health, and improved their mental health. Conclusion: The results show a meaningful change in self-efficacy and QOL in patients with MS who have undergone the therapy sessions. In this study, we concluded that the psychological intervention with a self-review method is effective in improving the level of self-efficacy in MS patients. It can be stated that the self-review method consists of a psychological intervention, which positively affects the perception of patients by decreasing the psychological energy spent for negative events through content and feelings reflection technique, as well as promoting their level of self-awareness. Thus, the intervention can promote the QOL of patients, which in turn affects their perception of the disease.

Background: Assessing the personality aspects of schizophrenia can be effective in delivering effective treatment programs. But the key question is, is there a difference between the personality dimensions of men and women with schizophrenia and those with normal people? Aims: The purpose of the present study was to compare the gender dimensions of personality in patients with schizophrenia and normal individuals. Method: The study was causal-comparative. The statistical population consisted of all patients with schizophrenia referred to psychiatric clinic and living in maintenance centers and normal people in Tehran in 2017. 120 patients (60 patients living in the care center and 60 normal people) were selected by convenience sampling method. Research tools are: Cloninger's Nature and Character Questionnaire (TCI-56, 1993). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results showed a significant difference in the nature and character of the two groups (P

Objective: The purpose of this study was to introduce, present, and describe the self-review therapeutic method that was designed and presented by Pourhosein based on Beck's cognitive theory, Islamic philosophy, and the return to Iqbal-e-Lahouri's self-awareness to reduce the symptoms of depression and increase happiness. Method: In this study in addition to a theoretical and methodological discussion about self-review intervention method browsing, an example of research done in this field is mentioned. Results: The basic principles of this approach have been based on human integrity with a cognitive approach. The underlying principle in this method is the bareness and consciousness of the human being from the inner and outer features of the self in which as a human being becomes more aware of his internal and external traits and his emotional responses will become more realistic. Conclusion: This method is presented in a systematic manner, which if goes well, the patients’ consciousness about their self is increased and their symptoms of depression will decrease. In this study, while explaining its theoretical and methodological foundations, some research examples suggest a decrease in these symptoms.

Background: SDT is an approach to human motivation and personality that highlight the importance of human evolved inner resources for personality development and behavioral self-regulation.Thus , its arena is the investigation of people`s inherent growth tendencies and innate psychological needs that are the basis for their self-motivation and personality. Aims: The aim of present study was to explore the mediating role of basic psychological needs between attachment style and life satisfaction. Method: 251 undergraduates from the universities participated. Participants provided self-report on Attachment Style Inventory of Hazan and Shaver (1978), Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction of Deci and Ryan (2000) and Satisfaction with Life Questionnaire with Ed Diener et, al (1993). Results: of hierarchical regression analyses confirm that basic psychological needs satisfaction had a full mediation effect between attachment style and life satisfaction. Conclusions: So according to these findings, secure attachment predicts life satisfaction when faced with basic needs. Also, avoiding attachment and ambivalent attachment predict satisfaction with life through satisfaction and lack of satisfaction of needs.

Background: Mental health is a predictor of life expectancy and one of the indicators life's progress. Aims: The present was carried out in order to investigate the mediating role of ego strength between ego development and mental health. Method: current study is an inferential research. To this end, a sample of 112 students who lives in dormitories of Tehran university (55 girls and 57 boys) were selected through multistage cluster sampling. They were asked to complete 3 tests including: Washington University Sentence Completion Test (WuscT, 1981) to measure ego development, Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ20) to measure mental health, the Strength Questionnaire (ESS, Besharat, 2007). Results: The use of path analysis in Amos application investigating the mentioned mediation, demonstrated That ego strength has a statistically significant mediating effect on ego development and mental health. (Affects the intensity and direction of their relationship). Conclusions: Also, there was a positive significant correlation between ego strength and mental health, while, there was no significant correlation between ego development and mental health. The higher the level of ego development and ego strength of a person is, the higher his/her mental health would be.

Physical disabilities in childhood have a lot of negative psychological effects on the parents and their adaptation process with their disabling children is limited, hence one of the ways that can address the psychological problems of such parents It is important to teach mothers using cognitive techniques and behavioral techniques in the form of stress management. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of teaching stress management methods on mothers of children with physical motor disorders on mothers psychological well-being The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-and-post design with control group. Therefore, 24 mothers whose children were physical disabilities were chosen through at-hand sampling and were matched into experimental and control groups. The research instruments were ryff psychological well-being. Training mothers was accomplished in eight 90-minutes sessions. In the end, the two groups completed the questionnaires as post-test. The data was analyzed using ANCOVA. The results indicated the effect of stress management training methods on increase mothers psychological well-being (P

Sensory problems during childhood and the severity of the effects of these sensory problems on parents are affected by many factors, among which the children use of new techniques and technologies can have an important impact on parent's interactions and psychological problems to the so This study aimed comparison family functioning, psychological well-being and daily stresses to parents with cochlear implant children and parent with deaf children. The research method was causal-comparative study. To do so, 80 parents of children with cochlear implant and parents with deaf children were selected using at-hand sampling. Both groups filled out family assessment device (FAD) (1983), sarafino daily stresses scale (1997) and psychological well-being ryff (1980). Independent sampling t test was used for analyzing data. The results showed psychological well-being and family functioning higher in parents children’s with cochlear implant in comparison with mothers of deaf children (P

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and factors such as genetic, environmental and psychological factors play an important role in the maintenance of emotional and mood problems Caused by the disease. There are many variables which relate to this issue and influence on it. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the relationship between neuroticism, illness perception, social support and Cognitive Emotion Regulation with depression among patient of asthma to answer this question, are these psychological variables able to predict meaningfully the depression of these patients. The research method is descriptive in multi-variable correlational design (step by step regression)., to do so 120 patient with asthma were selected using at-hand sampling and were studied; they completed the perception social support questionnaires (1988), Beck depression inventory (1996), Cognitive Emotion Regulation inventory (2001), Illness perception (2006), Big five personality trait scale (1986). Depression had a significant and positive relationship with illness perception (P

Evident Externalizing behaviour disorders and subtle internalizing behaviours in childhood, risk of poor results in academic and social domain in the next life; to the so The identification of these behavioural problems is very important, to the so purpose of the current study was to comparison externalizing behavior problems (aggression and rule breaking behaviors) and depression to children with specific learning disorders associated with defects in Reading. The research method was causal-comparative study. To do so, 140 children with specific learning disorders associated with defects in Reading and normal children were selected using at-hand sampling. Both groups filled out child behavior checklist (1991) scale. Independent sampling t test was used for analyzing data. The findings of the study indicated a significant difference (P

Bio-psycho-social phenomenon of drug abuse is one of the most critical issues facing modern countries that many psychological variables can affect its severity. These variables can affect the duration and severity of substance abuse and can have some roles on these patients' recovery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of emotion-based intelligence training on craving reduction in patients treated with methadone. The research method was quasi experimental with pretest-posttest control group. 40 patients with drug use randomly were selected and matched into two experimental and control groups. The instrument included Tiffany craving questionnaire. Emotion-based intelligence training program was administered in twelve 90-minutes sessions for the experimental group. At the end of the study, the two groups completed the questionnaire as post-test. Data was analyzed using analysis of covariance. Analysis of variance represented the effect of intervention in reducing the craving (p

In recent years, the widespread of MS in Iran has increased to a point that it can be enumerated as a country with high prevalence. Although MS is known as a biological disease, its mental symptoms can affect many aspects of everyday life. Therefore applying psychological interventions to adjust and improve the restrictions imposed into the lives of patients, is essential. This study evaluates the efficacy of therapy sessions using” The Self-review Technique” in reduction of depression, anxiety and stress on patients with MS in a semi-experimental design with control and experimental group and consists of pre and post testing. 26 members of MS society of Iran were selected through convenience sampling and were divided into control and experimental groups by accident. After responding to DASS21, experimental group received therapy sessions based on “Self-review Technique” for about 3-4 weeks. Every week consists of one therapy session with the duration of sixty to ninety minutes. Control group did not receive cognitive therapy. The results show that this approach has decreased depression significantly (0.044) and did not made meaningful changes on anxiety and stress.

Background: Epileptic seizures have destructive effects on the brain, because they intervene in healthy and normal brain processes, and create interference at different stages of memory and cause malfunction in its performance and function, especially in the early years of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate memory as one of the important areas of cognition in patients with epilepsy.Methods: In this causal-comparative study, the subjects consisted of 52 children of 8 to 14 years of age with epilepsy. Among them, 15, 16, and 15 patients had parietal lobe epilepsy, temporal lobe epilepsy, and frontal lobe epilepsy, respectively. The participants were selected among the patients referring to the clinic of a neurologist. Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (ROCF) test was used to assess visual memory.Results: The visual memory scores in the epilepsy group were lower than the healthy group and the difference between the two groups was significant (t = 33.76, df = 103, P < 0.001). No significant difference was obtained between the three epilepsy groups in terms of visual memory scores (f = 1.6, df = 2, P < 0.212). In the present research, no significant difference was observed in visual memory between the three epilepsy groups.Conclusion: It can be concluded that patients with epilepsy have impaired visual memory.

Parent-child interaction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder very important impact leaves on behavioral problems, Therefore, one of the ways of enhancing parenting style and subsequently reduce behavioral problems, Psychological training in behavior management of children with attention deficit disorder / hyperactivity for parents. So the present study is to investigate the effectiveness of training mothers with Adler- Dreikurs approach on enhancing parenting style and decreasing their children’s oppositional behavioral problems. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-and-post design with control group. Therefore, 24 mothers whose children were diagnosed as ADHD were chosen through at-hand sampling and were matched into experimental and control groups. The research instruments were CSI-4, and parenting style questioners for Parents. Training mothers with Adler- Dreikurs approach was accomplished in ten 90-minutes sessions. In the end, the two groups completed the questionnaires as post-test. The data was analyzed using ANCOVA. The results indicated the effect of instructing Adler-Dreikurs methods on improving authoritarian parenting style scores in mothers (P

Externalizing behaviour disorders in childhood, cause many psychological problems for parents. Oppositional defiant disorder one of the childhood disorders that cause psychological problems in the parent's and management of children's behavior creates problems, to the so purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of behavior parent training methods to mothers of children with oppositional defiant disorder on reducing depression these mothers. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control group. To do so, 30 mothers of children with oppositional defiant disorder were selected using at-hand sampling and divided into control and experimental groups. Both groups filled out CSI-4 scale and beck inventory depression. In the next step, the experimental group was instructed behavior parent training in 9 ninety-minute sessions while the mothers in control group went on their normal procedures. At the end of the instructional session, both groups filled out the mentioned questioners as the post-test. Covariance analysis was used for analyzing data. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that instructing behavior modification methods improved depression scores in mothers (P

As regards to the suicidal thoughts and anger which are the most common states among delinquent adolescents and also the role of cognitive processes in the etiology and emergence of these attitudes, this research studies the influence of the self-review as a cognitive technique on suicidal thoughts and anger in female delinquent adolescents. This is a treatment intervention according to a pre-trial plan using a pre-test and post-test. Among female delinquent adolescents residing at Tehran province rehabilitation and training institution, 25 individuals were selected by accessible sampling. Beck’s suicidal thoughts and nielsen’s anger questionnaire were used as evaluation tools. By using the questionnaires, individuals were evaluated before and after attending therapeutic sessions. Data were analyzed by using t-test for paired samples. The results revealed a significant reduction in scores of suicidal thoughts, but this method is not an effective technique on anger in comparison to post-test. According to the results of the present study, self-review method has been an effective technique in reducing the frequency of suicidal thoughts in delinquent girls; however, this method has not been effective in reducing anger.

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of management behavior training methods to mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, on decreasing stress and mental health problems of these mothers. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control group. 24 mothers of children with ADHD were selected using at-hand sampling and divided into control and experimental groups. Both groups filled out connors questioners, parenting stress index and mental health questioners. In the next step, the experimental group was instructed management behavior training in 9 ninety-minute sessions while the mothers in control group went on their normal procedures. At the end of the instructional session, both groups filled out the mentioned questioners as the post-test. Covariance analysis was used for analyzing data. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that instructing behavior modification methods decreased mental health problems and parenting stress (P

Background: The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effectiveness of self-review technique on women’s happiness.Methods: This experimental study was conducted with a pre-test and post-test and a control group. The Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) was used to measure the dependent variable. In order to implement the research project, 22 individuals were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups in the pre-test phase based on acquisition of the lowest happiness scores. The 8-session self-review single intervention was presented to the experimental group. Repeated measures ANOVA was used in order to analyze the data.Results: The research findings indicated that the rate of happiness of individuals in the experimental group had significantly increased in the post-test and even follow-up stages (P < 0.01).Conclusion: In conclusion, the self-review method can be considered as a positive activity-based intervention.

One of the important issues in today's society is drug addiction and drug abuse and the reasons related to it. This has been associated with a lot of factors that affect it; so, it seems that among these factors, family factors play a crucial role in creating tendency towards drugs. Hence the problem of the present study was to determine the influence of family factors (illiterate parents, divorce, parental addiction, family conflicts, lack of parental supervision, parental inattention to proper and reasonable demands of children, and wealth and prosperity of the family) in creating tendency toward industrial and traditional drugs among young people of Lorestan province. The present study was a retrospective study. The sample of the study were 200 young people, 100 of them chosen from addicted and 100 from normal population, which were recruited after being homogenized with the first group based on age, gender, education, and income. In this study, the causes of drug abuse tendency among young people questionnaire (Mohamadi, 1392) was used. MANOVA was also used in order to analyze the data. The results showed that addicted parents or the presence of addicts in families, family conflicts and lack of love in family relationships, lack of proper parental supervision, use of inappropriate parenting practices, and parental divorce and separation had significant effect on tendency toward drugs. The results also showed that the illiteracy of parents, parental negligenc, and household wealth has no significant effects on propensity to addiction. According to the research findings, it can be stated that family factors associated with child behavior have an important role in youth attitudes toward drugs.

Parental stress and psychological problems of parents of children with behavioral problems have devastating effects on parents' reports of their parenting style and welfare and hence is one of the ways to improve this problems is offering psychological training to parents in the field of controling children with behavioral problems. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of training behavior modification methods on mothers of children with externalized behavior problems on reducing stress and improving parenting styles of these mothers. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and a control group. 24 mothers of children with externalized behavior problems were selected using at-hand sampling and divided into control and experimental groups. Both groups filled out child behavior checklist, parenting style scale and parenting stress index. For the next step, the experimental group received instructions on behavior modification methods in 9 ninety-minute sessions while the mothers in control group went on their normal tasks. At the end of the instructional session, both groups filled out the mentioned questioners as the post-test. Covariance analysis was used for analyzing data. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that instructing behavior modification methods improved authoritarian parenting style scores in mothers (P

Impostering syndrome which is now interpreted as successful people disorder, is indeed a vicious cycle of negative emotions about something that the person has gained in his way to success. Imposters internalized the failure, they experience less gratification and satisfaction than non-imposters, these are the effective consequences of failure in people with low self-concept too. The present study was aimed at investigating the relationship of impostering with self-concept among M.A./M.SC. non-medicine male and female students of Tehran university in the four main branches of humanities, sciences, technical engineering, and art were selected through a stratified random method. In so doing, 400 students (218 boys and 182 girls) completed the imposter syndrome scale of Clancy (1978), and the 10-item self-concept scale of Pourhossein. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant relationship between a high level of impostering and a significant negative correlation with self-concept. but about t-test indicated no significant correlation between imposter and self-concept in different gender groups. Also results indicated that high level of imposter correlation with down level self-concept, and imposters had poorer self-concept and there is no difference between female and male students regarding the self-concept and imposter.

"nObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validityof the Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 in a sample of opioidsubstance use disordered patients."n"nMethods: 321 substance dependent patients (287 male, 34 female)participated in this study. All of the participants were asked to complete theFarsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (FTAS-20), the EmotionalIntelligence Scale (EIS-41), and The Mental Health Inventory (MHI). In orderto examine the internal consistency of the FTAS-20, Cronbach's alphacoefficients were calculated for the entire sample. Pearson's correlationcoefficient was used to estimate the test-retest reliability of the alexithymiadimensions. To examine the concurrent validity of the FTAS-20, a series ofzero-order correlations were conducted between the FTAS-20 subscales,emotional intelligence and mental health variables. Confirmatory FactorAnalysis (CFA) was utilized to test the three-factor structure of the FTAS-20. "n"nResults: The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity,and the three-factor structure of the Farsi version of the TAS-20 forsubstance users were supported by findings. "nConclusions: The factors found in the Farsi version of the TAS-20, aresimilar to the three factors found in a study conducted by Bagby, Parker andTaylor; the factors were accordingly labeled as Difficulty Identifying Feelings(DIF), Difficulty Describing Feelings (DDF) and Externally-Oriented Thinking(EOT). The results provide evidence for applicability of the TAS-20 and itscross-cultural validity.

In this research the relationship between institutional ownership and profit sharing policy with price efficiency and fluctuation in Tehran’s stock exchange is studied. Data extraction is done by Rahavard-Novin software and research data analyze is also done by E-views software. research result indicates that there is a significant relationship between institutional ownership and stock price fluctuation in accepted firms at Tehran’s stock exchange is approved and the main hypothesis is rejected, and there is a significant relationship between institutional ownership and stock returns in accepted firms at Tehran’s stock exchange is approved and the main hypothesis is rejected and also the existence of a significant relationship between institutional ownership and profit sharing returns in accepted firms at Tehran’s stock exchange is rejected and the main hypothesis is approved.