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Introduction: Nurses' competence is a critical factor for providing safe and quality care and self- assessment is a key issue in maintenance of competence. This study was conducted to identify the level of competence and its associations with a number of job related factors. Methods: A cross sectional study with descriptive design was conducted at seven university hospitals in Rasht during September 2015. This study included 230 nurses working in university hospitals who were selected using stratified sampling method. The majority of nurses was female and had a bachelor's degree. Nurses' competence was measured using a self-reported competency inventory for registered nurses (Persian version). Data was analyzed with Spearman correlation and Mann-Whitney-U test by SPSS-21 software. Results: The average score of competence was in a high level with mean of 173.59 ± 26.72 (Range: 82-220). The highest and the lowest competence were in dimensions of 'ethical-legal performance' (3.23±0.52) and 'Critical thinking/research aptitude' (3.11 ± 0.51), respectively. There were significant associations between nurses' competence and a number of job related factors, consisting work experience (r = 0.30; P = 0.001), monthly salary (r = 0.23; P = 0.001), working hours per month (r = -0.18; P = 0.001), In addition nurses who are working in the day shift reported higher competency, in comparison the rotating/night nurses (P = 0.021). The nurses who had permanent employment status reported higher competency, in comparison contract/temporary nurses (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Nurses assessed their competence at a desirable level, which may be due to self-assessment tool. A number of job related factors was associated with nurses' competence. Considering that nurses have the lowest competency in the area of "critical thinking / research aptitude", it is suggested that nursing managers focus on planning of interventions in this area.

Background: Nowadays, strengthening Patient safety culture has received widespread attention by healthcare organizations. The first step in improving the safety of the patient is to assess the safety culture of the hospital. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of Patient safety culture from the nurses' point of view. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a convenient sample, including 214 nurses, was selected among nurses in Imam Reza university hospital, Kermanshah, 2016. Data were collected by a hospital survey on patient safety culture (HSOPSC) in 12 dimensions via self-reporting method and were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests using SPSS 19 software. Results: The dimension of "organizational learning - continuous improvement" with 75.86% positive score was the strength of the Patient safety culture. While the dimensions of feedback to errors (45.64%), the frequency of reporting events (41.70%), staffing issues (27.33%), the openness of communication channels (24.63%), and the non-punitive response to errors (15.59%) were the weaknesses of the Patient safety culture. The overall Patient safety culture score was at an undesirable level (48.93%) and needed to improve. The Patient safety culture score was not significantly correlated with individual variables of nurses (P>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, the Patient safety culture, particularly in the dimensions of "communication openness", "non-punitive response to errors", and "staffing issues" was in an undesirable level and required managerial interventions to improve. Improving Patient safety culture can prepare the basis for providing safe and high-quality care. Keywords: Patient Safety, Safety Culture, Nurses, University Hospital

s Book, 13th International Congress of Medical Sciences 30 April – 2 May 2008 , Islamic Azad University, Tabriz , Iran , p:206 Abstract: Background: Nasocominal infections (NI) are one of the most important problems in the world. This survey is about knowledge and practice of nurses about nasocominal infection control. Methods: 163 nurses completed a questionnaire consisting of 30 knowledge and 30 practice items. Results: 5.5% from nurses had weak knowledge, 51.2% average knowledge and 43.3% good knowledge. However, 3.7% nurses had weak practice, 16.5% had average practice and 79.8% had good practice. There were significant correlation between knowledge and practice (p0.05). Conclusion: Although good knowledge is important for good practice, it is not sufficient. It seems that practical training of nurses is necessary for techniques of NI control. Key words: Nasocominal Infections, Knowledge, Practice, Nurse, Infection Control

Background and Objective: Moral competence is also part of the professional nursing competence, which is based on three structures of individual, educational and functional values. The aim of this study was to assess the moral competence of nurses working in educational hospitals in Guilan. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 230 nurses working in seven educational hospitals in Gilan which were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection tool was a standard nursing ethics questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient using SPSS software and at significant level of 0.05. Results: The results showed that the average moral / legal competence of the nurses was 25.82 ± 4.19 (ranges 0 to 32) and in the five-level scale they were in fourth place, that is, the nurses were competent enough. There was a significant positive relationship between the moral / legal qualifications of nurses and age, marital status, overall work experience, and work experience in the current ward, and the average income. Also there is a significant negative relationship between the moral / legal qualifications of nurses and total working hours per month (p< 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that the nurses had sufficient moral / legal qualifications. According to the findings, nursing managers should consider the positive factors related to competence development. Key words: moral / legal competence, nurse, educational hospital, Gilan

Human resources committed to the organization not only reduces absence, delay, and replacement, but also causes the increase of organizational performance, employees’ mental freshness, better attainment to organizational excellent goals, and achieving individual’s objectives. Hence, organizational commitment has special importance among the employees of hospital. The nurses’ competence is an important criterion required for providing patients’ health-cares. The change in nurses’ roles and duties has changed the job to a complicated one and requires having various skills, and has caused the clinical competence to be considered more. The present study was performed with the aim of investigating the relationship of organizational commitment and clinical competence in nurses. The research was descriptive correlation type, and the statistical population was all nurses (176 persons) working in Montazeri Hospital, Najafabad city, selected by Census method and 135 persons were investigated. The data collection tool included three questionnaires of personal information, Allen and Meyer’s questionnaire of organizational commitment, and questionnaire of clinical competence, that their validity and reliability were confirmed. Data was analyzed with independent t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient using the software SPSS 17. The average score of organizational commitment was 91± 10.76, and at medium level. The average score of clinical competence was 74.42±11.69, and at good level. There was no significant relationship between organizational commitment and clinical competence in the nurses. Only, the emotional commitment dimension had significant relationship with the quality assurance area of clinical competence (P Keywords: Organizational Commitment, Clinical Competence, Nursing staff

Introduction: Nursing students experience multiple stressors in their clinical education which can reduce their clinical learning and performance. The purpose of this study was to measure stress and stressful resources in nursing students and its relation with some characteristics of students, instructors and clinical environment. Methods: In a descriptive and cross-sectional study, a sample of 256 subjects was selected by stratified random sampling among nursing students of Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch in 2016. The instrument of this study consist three questionnaires including individual information, Cohen perceived stress scale and stressful sources of clinical education questionnaire. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient tests at a significant level of 0.05, using SPSS/21 software. Results: The majority of students (96.1%) reported moderate and high levels of stress. Age of students had a significant positive correlation with stress level (P = 0.037). The most and least stressful sources, respectively, relate to areas of unpleasant feelings and interpersonal communication. Most stressors were related to "distressing sick patients", "cleaning the patient after stool deification", "instructor note in the presence of doctors and personnel" and "communicating with the instructor" respectively. The scores of stress-related sources had a significant negative correlation with the clinical work experience (P = 0.014) and the age of instructors (P = 0.029). Conclusions: High levels of stress can reduce the students learning and quality of clinical education. Therefore, providing stress management training courses, especially during the internship course for the students and communication skills courses for the clinical instructors are recommended.

Purpose: Clinical competence is necessary to providing safe and effective patient care. Nursing is associated with high degree of stress. Despite the importance of quality care and nurse professional development, the relationship between the two has been neglected. The purpose of the study is to investigate the association between clinical competency and occupational stress Design: A cross-sectional descriptive correlation design was used. Methods: Iranian clinical nurses (N=230) were selected using stratified random sampling in seven university hospitals of Iran in 2015. Data was collected through Competency Inventory for Registered Nurse and occupational stress questionnaires. Data was analyzed with Spearman Correlation, Mann-Whitney-U and t-tests using SPSS /21 software. Findings: The mean score of clinical competence and occupational stress were (173.59 ± 26.72) and (72.46 ± 12.95) respectively, and assessed in high level. There was a significant positive correlation between clinical competence and occupational stress (r= 0.153, P= 0.020). Conclusions: It seems that when nurses' clinical competence is high, naturally the knowledge, practical skills and work experience as well as high, therefore their expectations and accountability will increase and this may increase stress. In addition, stress is an inseparable part of the nursing profession. Nurses experienced high stress in the workplace, and it may be possible, nurses despite having high clinical competence, have high occupational stress Clinical Relevance: Nurses stress may cause adverse professional and organizational complications. Nurse Managers and hospital administration need to collaborate on coping strategies and education to advocate for reduced work-related nurse stressors. Keywords: Clinical Competence, Clinical Nurse, Occupational Stress

Abstract Introduction: Creating safety culture (SC) is the most important step in guaranteeing and improving patient safety (PS) and the first step in improving PS is assessing the SC of the hospitals. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aspects of patient safety-culture and to identify its strengths and weaknesses of from the nurses' perspective. Method: The study was descriptive cross-sectional. The sample was 214 people selected using Cochran formula and convenient sampling from among the nurses working in the largest university hospital in Kermanshah, west Iran. Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culure (HSOPSC) and personal information inventory were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney Test, Kruskal–Wallis Test with the help of SPSS 19 at the significance level of 0.05. Results: The total mean of the positive response rate of SC was 48.93 ± 14.07. The organizational learning area had the highest positive rating. The SC in the areas of giving feedback to errors, the frequency of reporting events, staff-related work issues, open communication channels, and non-punitive responses to errors had less than 50% points and needed serious intervention for promotion. Moreover, during the last year, 68.5% of nurses had no reports of any errors. SC scores had no significant correlation with individual variables of the nurses. Conclusion: Patient safety culture (PSC) does not enjoy a good status in the studied hospital from the nurses' perspectives and needs planning and interventions of the hospital management for improvement of patient safety. Regarding this, systemic dealing with the events, creating non-punitive culture concerning errors, attention to solving employees' problems, and creating open communication between managers and employees must be given priority in management interventions. Keywords: Patient Safety, Patient Safety Culture, Registered Nurses (RN), University Hospital

Introduction: Organizational learning is the most important method to improve performance in long term. This study aimed to compare learning capability from nursing staff’s viewpoint between public and private hospitals of Shiraz. Methods: The present study was a descriptive and cross-sectional research. The research population consisted of all the nurses working in Shiraz official and private hospitals in 2015, and the research sample was estimated to include 297 people, selected using randomized systematic multi stage random sampling. The data were collected using Gomez organizational learning capability questionnaire in four dimensions, consisting of managerial commitment, system perspective, openness and experimentation, and knowledge transfer and integration. The questionnaire validity by content validity and the reliability with α = 0.81 had been confirmed in the previous researches. Data was analyzed with independent t, ANOVA and correlation tests. Results: The mean score of organizational learning ability was 58.90 ± 10.95 in official and 55.82 ± 10.38 in private hospitals and was evaluated to be in the middle level. The organizational learning ability level was significantly higher in managerial commitment; openness and experimentation in official hospitals staff compared with private hospitals (P = 0.001); however, there was no significant difference in knowledge transfer and integration, and system perspective between the two types of hospitals (P > 0.05). "Managerial commitment "and "openness and experimentation" had the highest and the lowest averages, respectively, in both public and private hospitals as well as overall. Conclusions: Considering that in this study the organizational learning ability in nursing staff was in the average level, it offers that nursing managers improve the conditions for transfer of knowledge and organizational learning capabilities in nurses through building a systemic manner, creating openness in hospitals, and allowing for participation of the nursing staff in decision making. Keywords: Organizational Learning; Nursing Staff; Private Hospitals; Public Hospitals; Learning

Introduction: Nursing leadership style is effective in the successful and timely performance of nursing care. Besides, nurses' procrastination will have high casualties and financial costs. This study aimed to determine the relationship between staff procrastination and nurse managers' leadership styles. Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study conducted at social welfare hospitals in 2013. The study population consisted of employees (n = 950) and managers (n = 70) of nursing and midwifery departments. All the managers and 290 employees were randomly selected by stratified method. Data were collected by demographic, organizational procrastination and Bardenz-Metzkas leadership style (LBDQ) questionnaires, of which the validity and reliability had been confirmed. Data were analyzed with correlation coefficient at 0.05 significance level. Results: Most of the managers had average task-oriented and people-oriented leadership styles, but the focus of the executers on task-oriented leadership style was greater. The staff had low procrastination (52.46 ± 12.99). People-oriented style of the managers had weak inverse correlation with procrastination scale (r = -0.176) and inefficiency subscale (r = -0.191) of the nursing staff; also, task-oriented leadership style had a weak inverse correlation with subscale of abomination from task performance (r = -0.110) in staff, but the relationships was not significant. Conclusions: Lack of procrastination in nursing and midwifery staff is a positive phenomenon that affects the performance of the organization. Due to the lack of relationship between leadership style and procrastination, future researches in larger extent is proposed. Keywords: Procrastination, Leadership, Nurse Administrators, Hospital Nursing Staff

Aims: The problems of clinical education have the undesirable effects on achieving the goals of nursing and midwifery education and ultimately the community health. No doubt the assessment of clinical education in the viewpoints of students plays an important role in finding the problems and promoting the quality of education. The aim of this study was to determine the quality of clinical education in the viewpoints of nursing and midwifery students. Methods: In this descriptive cross- sectional study 361 nursing and midwifery students of Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan Branch was selected via census method. Data was collected, using a demographic characteristic form and clinical education quality questionnaire in five fields. Data was analyzed using Independent T, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation tests. Results: The total quality of clinical education was at intermediate level. In the field of goals and educational plans, supervision and evaluation, instructor's performance and dealing students at the intermediate level and in educational environment was weak. Educational environment was evaluated in weak level by 55/1% of students. In the viewpoints of midwifery students clinical education quality in the fields of goals and educational plans, educational environment, and supervision and evaluation was significantly higher (p Conclusions: It can identify current strengths and weaknesses of clinical education status with frequent evaluations. It seems that providing appropriate clinical education environment, dealing students and using expert clinical instructors are essential for solving clinical education problems of nursing and midwifery. KeyWords: Clinical Education, Quality, Nursing Education, Nursing Students, Midwifery students

Introduction and purpose: Sleep quality is an important health indicator among elderly. Recognizing factors that affect sleep among elderly may help researchers to develop interventions for promoting quality of sleep. Therefore, this study aimed to identify sleep quality of elderly and its related factors. Materials & Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted among elderly residing at nursing homes of Isfahan city. We used stratified random sampling method to collect 91 elderly into the current study. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure sleep quality of elderly. Data were analyzed by SPSS using independent sample t-test, analysis of variance and correlation coefficients. Findings: Elderly participated in this study aged 77.3 ± 9.4 years old in average and mean score of PSQI was 17.01±5.89. Majority of respondents (90.1%) had poor sleep quality. There were significant relationships between sleep quality and age, level of physical activity, daily walking, self care activities, visiting relatives and type of room (p0.05). Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed that majority of seniors had poor sleep quality. Therefore, it is of great importance to encourage elderly to utilize several healthy behaviors such as regular physical activity, walking and self-care activities. Keywords: Elderly, Sleep quality, Nursing homes, Pittsburg sleep Questionnaire Index, Personal characteristics

Introduction: Leadership style is one of the factors that increase the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations. Today, in health care, nursing managers need to use leadership styles which are appropriate for complex and constantly changing health-care system. This study aimed to determine the leadership style of nursing managers and its relationship with some individual characteristics. Methods: This study is a descriptive- cross sectional research. The statistical population consisted of nurse managers working in three Esfahan social security hospitals (n = 61) who were studied census. A two-part questionnaire was used to collect data, researcher made the first part and the second part standardized measure includes individual questions determine the leadership style (LBDQ) the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. Data analysis using correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and mann-whitney by software spss at a significance level was 0.05. Results: The results showed that the mean score of majority of managers in terms of people-oriented and task-oriented in the medium level. There was no significant relationship between individual characteristics (age, sex, marital status, education, clinical experience, management experience) with leadership style. But there was a significant coloration between leadership style and managerial level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Considering that the mean score of majority of nursing managers’ leadership style was in moderate level, it would be beneficial to carry out measures for promoting leadership styles through management training. Keyword(s): LEADERSHIP STYLES, NURSING MANAGERS, PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS

Introduction: Attachment is a specific pattern that is considered vital for many communities to have a healthy development. Individual attachment styles are able to affect the interpersonal relationships broadly. Many studies suggests that people regarding to attachment style, use different coping strategies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between attachment styles and love ones among married students. Method: This study is a cross- sectional research. The sample consisted of 100 married students studying in Islamic Azad University, Flavarjan Branch selected by randomized method. Data was collected using Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990) and Sternberg's Triangular Love Scale. Data was analyzed with Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression tests, using SPSS Software. Results: Results showed that avoidant style was significantly and positively correlated with triangular love styles (p Conclusion: Attachment styles are able to predict triangular love styles (i.e. passion, intimacy and commitment). Keywords: Attachment style, love style, mental health

s of the National Conference on Applied Research in Health Promotion, 27-28 November 2013, Isfahan, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, p. 26. Abstract: Introduction: Today, the phenomenon of aging with its various dimensions is one of the serious issues in developing and developing countries. Sleep quality is an important indicator of health in the elderly. Research has shown that poor quality sleep after headache and digestive disorders is in the third issue of the elderly. Knowing the quality of sleep in the elderly and its effective factors helps to take measures to improve it, but few studies have been conducted in this regard. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the quality of sleep in elderly and some related individual factors. Methods: This is a descriptive and cross sectional study conducted in the fall of 2011. A total of 91 elderly residents of the elderly population of Isfahan were selected by stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire on personal and health information and Pittsburgh standard sleep quality questionnaire. The data were analyzed by software PASS and using descriptive statistics and Chi-square, Koras Kalwalis and co-correlation coefficients. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 77.3 ± 9.4 years, 67% were female and 58% were illiterate. 90.1% of them had poor sleep quality. Data analysis showed a significant relationship between sleep quality with age (P = 0.002), walking and physical activity (P = 0.001), self care activities (P = 0.036), meeting with relatives (001 / (P = 0.02), but there was no significant correlation between sleep quality with gender, current disease, smoking and marital status (P Conclusion: Considering the quality of abnormal sleep in the majority of elderly people, the necessity of designing measures such as regular walking, physical activity is recommended to improve the sleep situation of the elderly. Key words: Elderly, Sleep quality, Nursing homes, Pittsburgh questionnaire

This study was done to evaluate the effect of telephone counselling on mother’s Health information regarding the growth and development of less than five years old children in Isfahan. In this randomized clinical trial, using a questionnaire, the health information of 1755 women having less than five years old children received telephone counselling for 6 month, compared with 1755 women without any counselling. For statistical analysis, SAS software was used. There were no meaningful differences between age, education, number and sex of children and source of health information in two groups. Leven and T test showed a meaningful differences between mother’s health information after intervention in case and control group (P