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Introduction: Today, Cesarean section is the most common obstetric surgery. In the past 20 years, its rate has been increased from 5% to 20%. Unintended consequences in cesarean section are more than in vaginal delivery; especially for mother. The experiences have shown that the women who had consumed sisymbrium during their gestational had more successful vaginal delivery. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of sisymbrium seeds consumption at the end of pregnancy on the rate of cesarean delivery and Apgar score. Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was held on 68 eligible nulliparous women who referred to the Health Care Centers of the Rafsanjan city. Individuals were randomly located into case and control groups. 28 packets which contained 2mesghal (equal to about 5 grams) of sisymbrium - seeds were given to the case group from 37th week. Two-sectional questionnaire was used for data collection. Some parts were filled in seven Health Centers of Rafsanjan City and the rest was completed in the maternity by the trained midwives. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software version 16, independent T and chi-square tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the results, duration of first stage in labor (p=0.022) and cesarean rate (p=0.032) was significantly less in intervention group while spontaneous labor was more. But this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.29). Apgar score in the first (p=0.39) and the fifth minute (p=1) and intrauterine passage of meconium (p=0.53) didn't have any significant difference in two groups. Conclusion: Sisymbrium- seeds affect the parturition process by ripening cervix without increasing cesarean delivery or decrease of neonatal Apgar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of nine human herpesviruses that persist latently to establish permanent residence in their hosts. Periodic activation into the lytic/replicative phase allows such viruses to propagate and spread, but can also cause disease in the host. This lytic phase is also essential for EBV to cause infectious mononucleosis and cancers including B lymphocyte-derived Burkitt lymphoma and immunocompromise-associated lymphoproliferative diseases/lymphomas as well as epithelial cell-derived nasopharyngeal-cell carcinoma. In the absence of anti-EBV agents, however, therapeutic options for EBV-related diseases are limited. In earlier work, we discovered that, through the activities of the viral protein kinase that is conserved across herpesviruses and two cellular proteins ATM and KAP1, a lytic cycle amplification loop is established - and that disruption of this loop disables the EBV lytic cascade. We therefore devised a high throughput screening assay, screened a small molecule compound library, and identified seventeen candidates that impair the release of lytically-replicated EBV. The identified compounds will i) serve as lead compounds or may be modified to inhibit EBV and potentially other herpesviruses and ii) be developed into anti-cancer agents as functions of KAP1 and ATM are tightly linked to cancer. Importantly, our screening strategy may also be used to screen additional compound libraries for anti-herpesviral and anti-cancer drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) is a major modality for the endoscopic management of ureteral stones. Ureteral spasm makes access for ureters difficult, which causes impaction of the ureteroscope, ureteral dislodge, and a low success rate of endoscopic surgeries. This study described the outcomes of a new endoscopic surgical experience by use of 40-degree warm saline irrigation during TUL compaired with routine ambient air irrigation in TUL., Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial from 2014 to 2015, 150 patients with ureteral stone with balanced randomization were divided into two parallel groups. Patients underwent TUL in the first group with 20-25 degree saline irrigation and in the second group with 40-degree saline irrigation. One surgical team with the same semi-rigid instrument performed all TULs and the other steps were similar in both groups. Complete stone fragmentation was measured as the primary outcome and the duration of procedure, retrograde stone migration and all and any intraoperative complications were the secondary measurements., Result: While comparing warm saline irrigation with cold saline irrigation, the rate of access to upper ureter was 95% versus 72%, stone retropulsion frequency was 10.7% versus 30.7% and the stone-free rate was 96% versus 76% respectively (P < .05). There was no ureteroscope impaction and ureteral dislodge in both groups., Conclusion: Using warm saline irrigation in endoscopic surgeries results in better surgical outcomes including a lower ureteral spasm rate, greater ureteral muscle relaxation and better access to the upper ureteral zone, and a lower rate of complications, such as ureteroscope impaction, ureteral dislodge and stone retropulsion.

Regarding the fact that the protein structure is principally encoded in its sequence, investigating the bonding state of cysteine has gained a great deal of attention due to its significance in the formation of protein structure. Due to lack of evident influence of free cysteines on the protein structure, it may be expected that only half-cystines convey encoded information. The results obtained from the analysis of amino acid distribution in proximity of both states of cysteines explicitly indicated that perquisite information for inducing cysteine bonding state is present even in the flanking amino acid sequences of free cysteines.