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45 results on '"Rhodes, C.J."'

2. Integrative Multiomics in the Lung Reveals a Protective Role of Asporin in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Author

Hong, J., primary, Medzikovic, L., additional, Sun, W., additional, Ruffenach, G., additional, Wong, B., additional, Rhodes, C.J., additional, Brownstein, A.J., additional, Liang, L., additional, Aryan, L., additional, Li, M., additional, Vadgama, A., additional, Kurt, Z., additional, Schwantes-An, T.-H., additional, Mickler, E., additional, Gräf, S., additional, Eyries, M., additional, Lutz, K., additional, Pauciulo, M., additional, Trembath, R., additional, Perros, F., additional, Montani, D., additional, Morrell, N., additional, Soubrier, F., additional, Wilkins, M.R., additional, Nichols, W.C., additional, Aldred, M., additional, Desai, A.A., additional, Trégouët, D.-A., additional, Saggar, R., additional, Channick, R.N., additional, Tuder, R.M., additional, Geraci, M.W., additional, Stearman, R., additional, Yang, X., additional, and Eghbali, M., additional

Published
2024
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3. SOX17 Enhancer Variants Disrupt Transcription Factor Binding and Enhancer Inactivity Drives Pulmonary Hypertension

Author

Walters, R., primary, Vasilaki, E., additional, Aman, J., additional, Chen, C.-N., additional, Wu, Y., additional, Liang, O., additional, Ashek, A., additional, Dubois, O., additional, Zhao, L., additional, Sabrin, F., additional, Cebola, I., additional, Ferrer, J., additional, Morrell, N.W., additional, Klinger, J.R., additional, Wilkins, M., additional, and Rhodes, C.J., additional

Published
2023
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4. Associations Between Serum Activin A and Follistatine-Like 3 Levels and Outcomes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Author

Guignabert, C., primary, Savale, L., additional, Boucly, A., additional, Thuillet, R., additional, Tu, L., additional, Ottaviani, M., additional, Rhodes, C.J., additional, De Groote, P., additional, Prévot, G., additional, Bergot, E., additional, Bourdin, A., additional, Howard, L., additional, Fadel, E., additional, Beurnier, A., additional, Roche, A., additional, Jevnikar, M., additional, Jaïs, X., additional, Montani, D., additional, Wilkins, M., additional, Sitbon, O., additional, and Humbert, M.J.C., additional

Published
2023
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5. Cytokines as Prognostic Biomarkers in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Author

Boucly, A., primary, Tu, L., additional, Guignabert, C., additional, Rhodes, C.J., additional, De Groote, P., additional, Prevot, G., additional, Bergot, E., additional, Bourdin, A., additional, Beurnier, A., additional, Roche, A., additional, Jevnikar, M., additional, Jais, X., additional, Montani, D., additional, Wilkins, M., additional, Humbert, M.J.C., additional, Sitbon, O., additional, and Savale, L., additional

Published
2023
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6. Unsupervised Clustering of PH Using Circulating miRNA - Towards Molecular Classification of PH?

Author

Errington, N., primary, Kariotis, S., additional, Jammeh, E., additional, Fong, Y.-L., additional, Lihan, Z., additional, Chen, H., additional, Jatkoe, T., additional, Bridges, C., additional, Vener, T., additional, Wharton, J., additional, Thompson, R., additional, Toshner, M., additional, Howard, L.S., additional, Rhodes, C.J., additional, Wilkins, M., additional, Wang, D., additional, and Lawrie, A., additional

Published
2022
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7. Longitudinal Analysis of Three Major Risk-Associated Transcriptomic Subgroups Within the IPAH Classification

Author

Kariotis, S., primary, Jammeh, E., additional, Swietlik, E.M., additional, Rhodes, C.J., additional, Errington, N., additional, Thompson, R., additional, Wharton, J., additional, Coghlan, G., additional, Lordan, J., additional, Corris, P., additional, Howard, L.S., additional, Condliffe, R.A., additional, Kiely, D., additional, Church, A.C., additional, Pepke-Zaba, J., additional, Toshner, M., additional, Wort, J., additional, Gräf, S., additional, Morrell, N.W., additional, Wilkins, M., additional, Wang, D., additional, and Lawrie, A., additional

Published
2022
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12. Inferring missing links in partially observed social networks

Author

Rhodes, C.J. and Jones, P.

Subjects
Social networks -- Social aspects, Social networks -- Analysis, Social networks -- Forecasts and trends, Network hubs -- Analysis, Network hubs -- Forecasts and trends, ATM LAN hub/MAU, Market trend/market analysis, Business, Business, general
Abstract

Determining the pattern of links within a large social network is often problematic due to the labour-intensive nature of the data collection and analysis process. With constrained data collection capabilities it is often only possible to either make detailed observations of a limited number of individuals in the network, or to make fewer observations of a larger number of people. Previously we have shown how detailed observation of a small network can be used, which infer where in the network previously unconnected individuals are likely to fit, thereby attempting to predict network growth as new people are considered for inclusion. Here, by contrast, we show how social network topology can be inferred following a limited observation of a large network. Essentially the issue is one of inferring the presence of links that are missed during a constrained data collection campaign on the network. It is particularly difficult to infer network structures for those organizations that actively seek to remain covert and undetected. However, it is often very useful to know if two given individuals are likely to be connected even though limited surveillance effort yields no evidence of a link. Specifically, we show how a statistical inference technique can be used to successfully predict the existence of links that are missed during network sampling. The procedure is demonstrated using network data obtained from open source publications. Keywords: networks and graphs; defence studies; probability; forecasting

Published
2009

13. The Levy flight paradigm, random search patterns and mechanisms

Author

Reynolds, A.M. and Rhodes, C.J.

Subjects
Foraging -- Models, Animal flight -- Models, Biological sciences, Environmental issues
Abstract

Over recent years there has been an accumulation of evidence from a variety of experimental, theoretical, and field studies that many organisms use a movement strategy approximated by Levy flights when they are searching for resources. Levy flights are random movements that can maximize the efficiency of resource searches in uncertain environments. This is a highly significant finding because it suggests that Levy flights provide a rigorous mathematical basis for separating out evolved, innate behaviors from environmental influences. We discuss recent developments in random-search theory, as well as the many different experimental and data collection initiatives that have investigated search strategies. Methods for trajectory construction and robust data analysis procedures are presented. The key to prediction and understanding does, however, lie in the elucidation of mechanisms underlying the observed patterns. We discuss candidate neurological, olfactory, and learning mechanisms for the emergence of Levy flight patterns in some organisms, and note that convergence of behaviors along such different evolutionary pathways is not surprising given the energetic efficiencies that Levy flight movement patterns confer. Key words: Brownian motion; diffusive walks; emergence; foraging; Levy flight; movement patterns; optimal foraging; power laws; scaling; search pattern.

Published
2009

14. Social network topology: a Bayesian approach

Author

Rhodes, C.J. and Keefe, E.M.J.

Subjects
Defense (Civil procedure) -- Analysis, Economic forecasting -- Analysis, Social networks -- Analysis, Business, Business, general
Abstract

Elucidating the pattern of links within social networks is a challenging problem. Of particular difficulty is determining the existence of links in those groups that take active measures to conceal their internal connections, such as terrorist or criminal organizations where conventional social network analysis datagathering techniques cannot be applied. Network representations of such organizations are useful, because they often represent a useful point of departure in thinking both about the potential capabilities of organizations and how to conduct effective measures to counter them. Developing an effective process for constructing such network representations from incomplete and limited data of variable quality is a topic of much current interest. Here, a method based on Bayesian inference is presented that probabilistically infers the existence of links within a social network. It is tested on data from open source publications. Additionally, the method represents a possible approach to dynamically modelling networks, as it is feasible to calculate how a network will reconfigure following an intervention. Keywords: networks and graphs; defence studies; probability; forecasting

Published
2007

15. Plasma proteome analysis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: an observational cohort study

Author

Rhodes, C.J., Wharton, J., Ghataorhe, P., Watson, G., Girerd, B., Howard, L.S., Gibbs, J.S.R., Condliffe, R., Elliot, C.A., Kiely, D.G., Simonneau, G., Montani, D., Sitbon, O., Gall, H., Schermuly, R.T., Ghofrani, H.A., Lawrie, A., Humbert, M., Wilkins, M.R., Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, National Institute for Health Research, British Heart Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Medical Research Council (MRC)

Subjects
EXPRESSION, Adult, Male, Proteomics, Proteome, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Respiratory System, BIOMARKERS, DIAGNOSIS, Risk Assessment, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Cohort Studies, PREDICTING SURVIVAL, Critical Care Medicine, Risk Factors, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, Arterial Pressure, Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension, Aged, Science & Technology, IDENTIFICATION, RECEPTOR, Gene Expression Profiling, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Blood Proteins, Articles, Middle Aged, ST2, Hypertension, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

Summary Background Idiopathic and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension form a rare but molecularly heterogeneous disease group. We aimed to measure and validate differences in plasma concentrations of proteins that are associated with survival in patients with idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension to improve risk stratification. Methods In this observational cohort study, we enrolled patients with idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension from London (UK; cohorts 1 and 2), Giessen (Germany; cohort 3), and Paris (France; cohort 4). Blood samples were collected at routine clinical appointment visits, clinical data were collected within 30 days of blood sampling, and biochemical data were collected within 7 days of blood sampling. We used an aptamer-based assay of 1129 plasma proteins, and patient clinical details were concealed to the technicians. We identified a panel of prognostic proteins, confirmed with alternative targeted assays, which we evaluated against the established prognostic risk equation for pulmonary arterial hypertension derived from the REVEAL registry. All-cause mortality was the primary endpoint. Findings 20 proteins differentiated survivors and non-survivors in 143 consecutive patients with idiopathic or heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension with 2 years' follow-up (cohort 1) and in a further 75 patients with 2·5 years' follow-up (cohort 2). Nine proteins were both prognostic independent of plasma NT-proBNP concentrations and confirmed by targeted assays. The functions of these proteins relate to myocardial stress, inflammation, pulmonary vascular cellular dysfunction and structural dysregulation, iron status, and coagulation. A cutoff-based score using the panel of nine proteins provided prognostic information independent of the REVEAL equation, improving the C statistic from area under the curve 0·83 (for REVEAL risk score, 95% CI 0·77–0·89; p

Published
2017

20. Power laws governing epidemics in isolated populations

Author

Rhodes, C.J. and Anderson, R.M.

Subjects
Faroe Islands -- Health aspects, Reykjavik, Iceland -- Health aspects, Bornholm -- Health aspects, Measles -- Observations, Epidemiological research -- Reports, Scaling laws (Statistical physics) -- Analysis, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The size and duration of measles epidemics in isolated populations of the Faroe Islands; Reykjavik, Iceland; and Bornholm, Denmark, are represented by well defined scaling laws. The representation of the epidemics is similar to those of other nonlinear, spatially extended dynamic systems. A lattice-based model accurately represents the social relation between different hosts. The epidemics are generally of short duration but are related to the occurrence of long duration epidemics and are regulated by the b and c scaling exponents.

Published
1996

21. Scale-free dynamics in the movement patterns of jackals

Author

Atkinson, R.P.D., Rhodes, C.J., Macdonald, D.W., and Anderson, R.M.

Subjects
Foraging -- Research, Jackals -- Behavior, Environmental issues
Abstract

The authors describe research recording African jackal movement patterns using radio tracking techniques. The predominant patterns are scale-free, or fractal, possibly as a means to locate resources in an unpredictable environment.

Published
2002

22. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy

Author

Klionsky, D.J. Abdalla, F.C. Abeliovich, H. Abraham, R.T. Acevedo-Arozena, A. Adeli, K. Agholme, L. Agnello, M. Agostinis, P. Aguirre-Ghiso, J.A. Ahn, H.J. Ait-Mohamed, O. Ait-Si-Ali, S. Akematsu, T. Akira, S. Al-Younes, H.M. Al-Zeer, M.A. Albert, M.L. Albin, R.L. Alegre-Abarrategui, J. Aleo, M.F. Alirezaei, M. Almasan, A. Almonte-Becerril, M. Amano, A. Amaravadi, R. Amarnath, S. Amer, A.O. Andrieu-Abadie, N. Anantharam, V. Ann, D.K. Anoopkumar-Dukie, S. Aoki, H. Apostolova, N. Arancia, G. Aris, J.P. Asanuma, K. Asare, N.Y.O. Ashida, H. Askanas, V. Askew, D.S. Auberger, P. Baba, M. Backues, S.K. Baehrecke, E.H. Bahr, B.A. Bai, X.-Y. Bailly, Y. Baiocchi, R. Baldini, G. Balduini, W. Ballabio, A. Bamber, B.A. Bampton, E.T.W. Bánhegyi, G. Bartholomew, C.R. Bassham, D.C. Bast Jr., R.C. Batoko, H. Bay, B.-H. Beau, I. Béchet, D.M. Begley, T.J. Behl, C. Behrends, C. Bekri, S. Bellaire, B. Bendall, L.J. Benetti, L. Berliocchi, L. Bernardi, H. Bernassola, F. Besteiro, S. Bhatia-Kissova, I. Bi, X. Biard-Piechaczyk, M. Blum, J.S. Boise, L.H. Bonaldo, P. Boone, D.L. Bornhauser, B.C. Bortoluci, K.R. Bossis, I. Bost, F. Bourquin, J.-P. Boya, P. Boyer-Guittaut, M. Bozhkov, P.V. Brady, N.R. Brancolini, C. Brech, A. Brenman, J.E. Brennand, A. Bresnick, E.H. Brest, P. Bridges, D. Bristol, M.L. Brookes, P.S. Brown, E.J. Brumell, J.H. Brunetti-Pierri, N. Brunk, U.T. Bulman, D.E. Bultman, S.J. Bultynck, G. Burbulla, L.F. Bursch, W. Butchar, J.P. Buzgariu, W. Bydlowski, S.P. Cadwell, K. Cahová, M. Cai, D. Cai, J. Cai, Q. Calabretta, B. Calvo-Garrido, J. Camougrand, N. Campanella, M. Campos-Salinas, J. Candi, E. Cao, L. Caplan, A.B. Carding, S.R. Cardoso, S.M. Carew, J.S. Carlin, C.R. Carmignac, V. Carneiro, L.A.M. Carra, S. Caruso, R.A. Casari, G. Casas, C. Castino, R. Cebollero, E. Cecconi, F. Celli, J. Chaachouay, H. Chae, H.-J. Chai, C.-Y. Chan, D.C. Chan, E.Y. Chang, R.C.-C. Che, C.-M. Chen, C.-C. Chen, G.-C. Chen, G.-Q. Chen, M. Chen, Q. Chen, S.S.-L. Chen, W. Chen, X. Chen, X. Chen, X. Chen, Y.-G. Chen, Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Y.-J. Chen, Z. Cheng, A. Cheng, C.H.K. Cheng, Y. Cheong, H. Cheong, J.-H. Cherry, S. Chess-Williams, R. Cheung, Z.H. Chevet, E. Chiang, H.-L. Chiarelli, R. Chiba, T. Chin, L.-S. Chiou, S.-H. Chisari, F.V. Cho, C.H. Cho, D.-H. Choi, A.M.K. Choi, D. Choi, K.S. Choi, M.E. Chouaib, S. Choubey, D. Choubey, V. Chu, C.T. Chuang, T.-H. Chueh, S.-H. Chun, T. Chwae, Y.-J. Chye, M.-L. Ciarcia, R. Ciriolo, M.R. Clague, M.J. Clark, R.S.B. Clarke, P.G.H. Clarke, R. Codogno, P. Coller, H.A. Colombo, M.I. Comincini, S. Condello, M. Condorelli, F. Cookson, M.R. Coombs, G.H. Coppens, I. Corbalan, R. Cossart, P. Costelli, P. Costes, S. Coto-Montes, A. Couve, E. Coxon, F.P. Cregg, J.M. Crespo, J.L. Cronjé, M.J. Cuervo, A.M. Cullen, J.J. Czaja, M.J. D'Amelio, M. Darfeuille-Michaud, A. Davids, L.M. Davies, F.E. De Felici, M. De Groot, J.F. De Haan, C.A.M. De Martino, L. De Milito, A. De Tata, V. Debnath, J. Degterev, A. Dehay, B. Delbridge, L.M.D. Demarchi, F. Deng, Y.Z. Dengjel, J. Dent, P. Denton, D. Deretic, V. Desai, S.D. Devenish, R.J. Di Gioacchino, M. Di Paolo, G. Di Pietro, C. Díaz-Araya, G. Díaz-Laviada, I. Diaz-Meco, M.T. Diaz-Nido, J. Dikic, I. Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. Ding, W.-X. Distelhorst, C.W. Diwan, A. Djavaheri-Mergny, M. Dokudovskaya, S. Dong, Z. Dorsey, F.C. Dosenko, V. Dowling, J.J. Doxsey, S. Dreux, M. Drew, M.E. Duan, Q. Duchosal, M.A. Duff, K. Dugail, I. Durbeej, M. Duszenko, M. Edelstein, C.L. Edinger, A.L. Egea, G. Eichinger, L. Eissa, N.T. Ekmekcioglu, S. El-Deiry, W.S. Elazar, Z. Elgendy, M. Ellerby, L.M. Er Eng, K. Engelbrecht, A.-M. Engelender, S. Erenpreisa, J. Escalante, R. Esclatine, A. Eskelinen, E.-L. Espert, L. Espina, V. Fan, H. Fan, J. Fan, Q.-W. Fan, Z. Fang, S. Fang, Y. Fanto, M. Fanzani, A. Farkas, T. Farré, J.-C. Faure, M. Fechheimer, M. Feng, C.G. Feng, J. Feng, Q. Feng, Y. Fésüs, L. Feuer, R. Figueiredo-Pereira, M.E. Fimia, G.M. Fingar, D.C. Finkbeiner, S. Finkel, T. Finley, K.D. Fiorito, F. Fisher, E.A. Fisher, P.B. Flajolet, M. Florez-McClure, M.L. Florio, S. Fon, E.A. Fornai, F. Fortunato, F. Fotedar, R. Fowler, D.H. Fox, H.S. Franco, R. Frankel, L.B. Fransen, M. Fuentes, J.M. Fueyo, J. Fujii, J. Fujisaki, K. Fujita, E. Fukuda, M. Furukawa, R.H. Gaestel, M. Gailly, P. Gajewska, M. Galliot, B. Galy, V. Ganesh, S. Ganetzky, B. Ganley, I.G. Gao, F.-B. Gao, G.F. Gao, J. Garcia, L. Garcia-Manero, G. Garcia-Marcos, M. Garmyn, M. Gartel, A.L. Gatti, E. Gautel, M. Gawriluk, T.R. Gegg, M.E. Geng, J. Germain, M. Gestwicki, J.E. Gewirtz, D.A. Ghavami, S. Ghosh, P. Giammarioli, A.M. Giatromanolaki, A.N. Gibson, S.B. Gilkerson, R.W. Ginger, M.L. Ginsberg, H.N. Golab, J. Goligorsky, M.S. Golstein, P. Gomez-Manzano, C. Goncu, E. Gongora, C. Gonzalez, C.D. Gonzalez, R. González-Estévez, C. González-Polo, R.A. Gonzalez-Rey, E. Gorbunov, N.V. Gorski, S. Goruppi, S. Gottlieb, R.A. Gozuacik, D. Granato, G.E. Grant, G.D. Green, K.N. Gregorc, A. Gros, F. Grose, C. Grunt, T.W. Gual, P. Guan, J.-L. Guan, K.-L. Guichard, S.M. Gukovskaya, A.S. Gukovsky, I. Gunst, J. Gustafsson, A.B. Halayko, A.J. Hale, A.N. Halonen, S.K. Hamasaki, M. Han, F. Han, T. Hancock, M.K. Hansen, M. Harada, H. Harada, M. Hardt, S.E. Harper, J.W. Harris, A.L. Harris, J. Harris, S.D. Hashimoto, M. Haspel, J.A. Hayashi, S.-I. Hazelhurst, L.A. He, C. He, Y.-W. Hébert, M.-J. Heidenreich, K.A. Helfrich, M.H. Helgason, G.V. Henske, E.P. Herman, B. Herman, P.K. Hetz, C. Hilfiker, S. Hill, J.A. Hocking, L.J. Hofman, P. Hofmann, T.G. Höhfeld, J. Holyoake, T.L. Hong, M.-H. Hood, D.A. Hotamisligil, G.S. Houwerzijl, E.J. Høyer-Hansen, M. Hu, B. Hu, C.-A.A. Hu, H.-M. Hua, Y. Huang, C. Huang, J. Huang, S. Huang, W.-P. Huber, T.B. Huh, W.-K. Hung, T.-H. Hupp, T.R. Hur, G.M. Hurley, J.B. Hussain, S.N.A. Hussey, P.J. Hwang, J.J. Hwang, S. Ichihara, A. Ilkhanizadeh, S. Inoki, K. Into, T. Iovane, V. Iovanna, J.L. Ip, N.Y. Isaka, Y. Ishida, H. Isidoro, C. Isobe, K.-I. Iwasaki, A. Izquierdo, M. Izumi, Y. Jaakkola, P.M. Jäättelä, M. Jackson, G.R. Jackson, W.T. Janji, B. Jendrach, M. Jeon, J.-H. Jeung, E.-B. Jiang, H. Jiang, H. Jiang, J.X. Jiang, M. Jiang, Q. Jiang, X. Jiménez, A. Jin, M. Jin, S. Joe, C.O. Johansen, T. Johnson, D.E. Johnson, G.V.W. Jones, N.L. Joseph, B. Joseph, S.K. Joubert, A.M. Juhász, G. Juillerat-Jeanneret, L. Jung, C.H. Jung, Y.-K. Kaarniranta, K. Kaasik, A. Kabuta, T. Kadowaki, M. Kagedal, K. Kamada, Y. Kaminskyy, V.O. Kampinga, H.H. Kanamori, H. Kang, C. Kang, K.B. Il Kang, K. Kang, R. Kang, Y.-A. Kanki, T. Kanneganti, T.-D. Kanno, H. Kanthasamy, A.G. Kanthasamy, A. Karantza, V. Kaushal, G.P. Kaushik, S. Kawazoe, Y. Ke, P.-Y. Kehrl, J.H. Kelekar, A. Kerkhoff, C. Kessel, D.H. Khalil, H. Kiel, J.A.K.W. Kiger, A.A. Kihara, A. Kim, D.R. Kim, D.-H. Kim, D.-H. Kim, E.-K. Kim, H.-R. Kim, J.-S. Kim, J.H. Kim, J.C. Kim, J.K. Kim, P.K. Kim, S.W. Kim, Y.-S. Kim, Y. Kimchi, A. Kimmelman, A.C. King, J.S. Kinsella, T.J. Kirkin, V. Kirshenbaum, L.A. Kitamoto, K. Kitazato, K. Klein, L. Klimecki, W.T. Klucken, J. Knecht, E. Ko, B.C.B. Koch, J.C. Koga, H. Koh, J.-Y. Koh, Y.H. Koike, M. Komatsu, M. Kominami, E. Kong, H.J. Kong, W.-J. Korolchuk, V.I. Kotake, Y. Koukourakis, M.I. Kouri Flores, J.B. Kovács, A.L. Kraft, C. Krainc, D. Krämer, H. Kretz-Remy, C. Krichevsky, A.M. Kroemer, G. Krüger, R. Krut, O. Ktistakis, N.T. Kuan, C.-Y. Kucharczyk, R. Kumar, A. Kumar, R. Kumar, S. Kundu, M. Kung, H.-J. Kurz, T. Kwon, H.J. La Spada, A.R. Lafont, F. Lamark, T. Landry, J. Lane, J.D. Lapaquette, P. Laporte, J.F. László, L. Lavandero, S. Lavoie, J.N. Layfield, R. Lazo, P.A. Le, W. Le Cam, L. Ledbetter, D.J. Lee, A.J.X. Lee, B.-W. Lee, G.M. Lee, J. Lee, J.-H. Lee, M. Lee, M.-S. Lee, S.H. Leeuwenburgh, C. Legembre, P. Legouis, R. Lehmann, M. Lei, H.-Y. Lei, Q.-Y. Leib, D.A. Leiro, J. Lemasters, J.J. Lemoine, A. Lesniak, M.S. Lev, D. Levenson, V.V. Levine, B. Levy, E. Li, F. Li, J.-L. Li, L. Li, S. Li, W. Li, X.-J. Li, Y.-B. Li, Y.-P. Liang, C. Liang, Q. Liao, Y.-F. Liberski, P.P. Lieberman, A. Lim, H.J. Lim, K.-L. Lim, K. Lin, C.-F. Lin, F.-C. Lin, J. Lin, J.D. Lin, K. Lin, W.-W. Lin, W.-C. Lin, Y.-L. Linden, R. Lingor, P. Lippincott-Schwartz, J. Lisanti, M.P. Liton, P.B. Liu, B. Liu, C.-F. Liu, K. Liu, L. Liu, Q.A. Liu, W. Liu, Y.-C. Liu, Y. Lockshin, R.A. Lok, C.-N. Lonial, S. Loos, B. Lopez-Berestein, G. López-Otín, C. Lossi, L. Lotze, M.T. Lõw, P. Lu, B. Lu, B. Lu, B. Lu, Z. Luciano, F. Lukacs, N.W. Lund, A.H. Lynch-Day, M.A. Ma, Y. Macian, F. MacKeigan, J.P. Macleod, K.F. Madeo, F. Maiuri, L. Maiuri, M.C. Malagoli, D. Malicdan, M.C.V. Malorni, W. Man, N. Mandelkow, E.-M. Manon, S. Manov, I. Mao, K. Mao, X. Mao, Z. Marambaud, P. Marazziti, D. Marcel, Y.L. Marchbank, K. Marchetti, P. Marciniak, S.J. Marcondes, M. Mardi, M. Marfe, G. Mariño, G. Markaki, M. Marten, M.R. Martin, S.J. Martinand-Mari, C. Martinet, W. Martinez-Vicente, M. Masini, M. Matarrese, P. Matsuo, S. Matteoni, R. Mayer, A. Mazure, N.M. McConkey, D.J. McConnell, M.J. McDermott, C. McDonald, C. McInerney, G.M. McKenna, S.L. McLaughlin, B. McLean, P.J. McMaster, C.R. McQuibban, G.A. Meijer, A.J. Meisler, M.H. Meléndez, A. Melia, T.J. Melino, G. Mena, M.A. Menendez, J.A. Menna-Barreto, R.F.S. Menon, M.B. Menzies, F.M. Mercer, C.A. Merighi, A. Merry, D.E. Meschini, S. Meyer, C.G. Meyer, T.F. Miao, C.-Y. Miao, J.-Y. Michels, P.A.M. Michiels, C. Mijaljica, D. Milojkovic, A. Minucci, S. Miracco, C. Miranti, C.K. Mitroulis, I. Miyazawa, K. Mizushima, N. Mograbi, B. Mohseni, S. Molero, X. Mollereau, B. Mollinedo, F. Momoi, T. Monastyrska, I. Monick, M.M. Monteiro, M.J. Moore, M.N. Mora, R. Moreau, K. Moreira, P.I. Moriyasu, Y. Moscat, J. Mostowy, S. Mottram, J.C. Motyl, T. Moussa, C.E.-H. Müller, S. Muller, S. Münger, K. Münz, C. Murphy, L.O. Murphy, M.E. Musarò, A. Mysorekar, I. Nagata, E. Nagata, K. Nahimana, A. Nair, U. Nakagawa, T. Nakahira, K. Nakano, H. Nakatogawa, H. Nanjundan, M. Naqvi, N.I. Narendra, D.P. Narita, M. Navarro, M. Nawrocki, S.T. Nazarko, T.Y. Nemchenko, A. Netea, M.G. Neufeld, T.P. Ney, P.A. Nezis, I.P. Nguyen, H.P. Nie, D. Nishino, I. Nislow, C. Nixon, R.A. Noda, T. Noegel, A.A. Nogalska, A. Noguchi, S. Notterpek, L. Novak, I. Nozaki, T. Nukina, N. Nürnberger, T. Nyfeler, B. Obara, K. Oberley, T.D. Oddo, S. Ogawa, M. Ohashi, T. Okamoto, K. Oleinick, N.L. Oliver, F.J. Olsen, L.J. Olsson, S. Opota, O. Osborne, T.F. Ostrander, G.K. Otsu, K. Ou, J.-H.J. Ouimet, M. Overholtzer, M. Ozpolat, B. Paganetti, P. Pagnini, U. Pallet, N. Palmer, G.E. Palumbo, C. Pan, T. Panaretakis, T. Pandey, U.B. Papackova, Z. Papassideri, I. Paris, I. Park, J. Park, O.K. Parys, J.B. Parzych, K.R. Patschan, S. Patterson, C. Pattingre, S. Pawelek, J.M. Peng, J. Perlmutter, D.H. Perrotta, I. Perry, G. Pervaiz, S. Peter, M. Peters, G.J. Petersen, M. Petrovski, G. Phang, J.M. Piacentini, M. Pierre, P. Pierrefite-Carle, V. Pierron, G. Pinkas-Kramarski, R. Piras, A. Piri, N. Platanias, L.C. Pöggeler, S. Poirot, M. Poletti, A. Poüs, C. Pozuelo-Rubio, M. Prætorius-Ibba, M. Prasad, A. Prescott, M. Priault, M. Produit-Zengaffinen, N. Progulske-Fox, A. Proikas-Cezanne, T. Przedborski, S. Przyklenk, K. Puertollano, R. Puyal, J. Qian, S.-B. Qin, L. Qin, Z.-H. Quaggin, S.E. Raben, N. Rabinowich, H. Rabkin, S.W. Rahman, I. Rami, A. Ramm, G. Randall, G. Randow, F. Rao, V.A. Rathmell, J.C. Ravikumar, B. Ray, S.K. Reed, B.H. Reed, J.C. Reggiori, F. Régnier-Vigouroux, A. Reichert, A.S. Reiners Jr., J.J. Reiter, R.J. Ren, J. Revuelta, J.L. Rhodes, C.J. Ritis, K. Rizzo, E. Robbins, J. Roberge, M. Roca, H. Roccheri, M.C. Rocchi, S. Rodemann, H.P. De Córdoba, S.R. Rohrer, B. Roninson, I.B. Rosen, K. Rost-Roszkowska, M.M. Rouis, M. Rouschop, K.M.A. Rovetta, F. Rubin, B.P. Rubinsztein, D.C. Ruckdeschel, K. Rucker III, E.B. Rudich, A. Rudolf, E. Ruiz-Opazo, N. Russo, R. Rusten, T.E. Ryan, K.M. Ryter, S.W. Sabatini, D.M. Sadoshima, J. Saha, T. Saitoh, T. Sakagami, H. Sakai, Y. Salekdeh, G.H. Salomoni, P. Salvaterra, P.M. Salvesen, G. Salvioli, R. Sanchez, A.M.J. Sánchez-Alcázar, J.A. Sánchez-Prieto, R. Sandri, M. Sankar, U. Sansanwal, P. Santambrogio, L. Saran, S. Sarkar, S. Sarwal, M. Sasakawa, C. Sasnauskiene, A. Sass, M. Sato, K. Sato, M. Schapira, A.H.V. Scharl, M. Schätzl, H.M. Scheper, W. Schiaffino, S. Schneider, C. Schneider, M.E. Schneider-Stock, R. Schoenlein, P.V. Schorderet, D.F. Schüller, C. Schwartz, G.K. Scorrano, L. Sealy, L. Seglen, P.O. Segura-Aguilar, J. Seiliez, I. Seleverstov, O. Sell, C. Seo, J.B. Separovic, D. Setaluri, V. Setoguchi, T. Settembre, C. Shacka, J.J. Shanmugam, M. Shapiro, I.M. Shaulian, E. Shaw, R.J. Shelhamer, J.H. Shen, H.-M. Shen, W.-C. Sheng, Z.-H. Shi, Y. Shibuya, K. Shidoji, Y. Shieh, J.-J. Shih, C.-M. Shimada, Y. Shimizu, S. Shintani, T. Shirihai, O.S. Shore, G.C. Sibirny, A.A. Sidhu, S.B. Sikorska, B. Silva-Zacarin, E.C.M. Simmons, A. Simon, A.K. Simon, H.-U. Simone, C. Simonsen, A. Sinclair, D.A. Singh, R. Sinha, D. Sinicrope, F.A. Sirko, A. Siu, P.M. Sivridis, E. Skop, V. Skulachev, V.P. Slack, R.S. Smaili, S.S. Smith, D.R. Soengas, M.S. Soldati, T. Song, X. Sood, A.K. Soong, T.W. Sotgia, F. Spector, S.A. Spies, C.D. Springer, W. Srinivasula, S.M. Stefanis, L. Steffan, J.S. Stendel, R. Stenmark, H. Stephanou, A. Stern, S.T. Sternberg, C. Stork, B. Strålfors, P. Subauste, C.S. Sui, X. Sulzer, D. Sun, J. Sun, S.-Y. Sun, Z.-J. Sung, J.J.Y. Suzuki, K. Suzuki, T. Swanson, M.S. Swanton, C. Sweeney, S.T. Sy, L.-K. Szabadkai, G. Tabas, I. Taegtmeyer, H. Tafani, M. Takács-Vellai, K. Takano, Y. Takegawa, K. Takemura, G. Takeshita, F. Talbot, N.J. Tan, K.S.W. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, K. Tang, D. Tang, D. Tanida, I. Tannous, B.A. Tavernarakis, N. Taylor, G.S. Taylor, G.A. Taylor, J.P. Terada, A.S. Terman, A. Tettamanti, G. Thevissen, K. Thompson, C.B. Thorburn, A. Thumm, M. Tian, F. Tian, Y. Tocchini-Valentini, G. Tolkovsky, A.M. Tomino, Y. Tönges, L. Tooze, S.A. Tournier, C. Tower, J. Towns, R. Trajkovic, V. Travassos, L.H. Tsai, T.-F. Tschan, M.P. Tsubata, T. Tsung, A. Turk, B. Turner, L.S. Tyagi, S.C. Uchiyama, Y. Ueno, T. Umekawa, M. Umemiya-Shirafuji, R. Unni, V.K. Vaccaro, M.I. Valente, E.M. Van Den Berghe, G. Van Der Klei, I.J. Van Doorn, W.G. Van Dyk, L.F. Van Egmond, M. Van Grunsven, L.A. Vandenabeele, P. Vandenberghe, W.P. Vanhorebeek, I. Vaquero, E.C. Velasco, G. Vellai, T. Vicencio, J.M. Vierstra, R.D. Vila, M. Vindis, C. Viola, G. Viscomi, M.T. Voitsekhovskaja, O.V. Von Haefen, C. Votruba, M. Wada, K. Wade-Martins, R. Walker, C.L. Walsh, C.M. Walter, J. Wan, X.-B. Wang, A. Wang, C. Wang, D. Wang, F. Wang, F. Wang, G. Wang, H. Wang, H.-G. Wang, H.-D. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, M. Wang, R.C. Wang, X. Wang, X. Wang, Y.-J. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, Z.C. Wang, Z. Wansink, D.G. Ward, D.M. Watada, H. Waters, S.L. Webster, P. Wei, L. Weihl, C.C. Weiss, W.A. Welford, S.M. Wen, L.-P. Whitehouse, C.A. Whitton, J.L. Whitworth, A.J. Wileman, T. Wiley, J.W. Wilkinson, S. Willbold, D. Williams, R.L. Williamson, P.R. Wouters, B.G. Wu, C. Wu, D.-C. Wu, W.K.K. Wyttenbach, A. Xavier, R.J. Xi, Z. Xia, P. Xiao, G. Xie, Z. Xie, Z. Xu, D.-Z. Xu, J. Xu, L. Xu, X. Yamamoto, A. Yamamoto, A. Yamashina, S. Yamashita, M. Yan, X. Yanagida, M. Yang, D.-S. Yang, E. Yang, J.-M. Yang, S.Y. Yang, W. Yang, W.Y. Yang, Z. Yao, M.-C. Yao, T.-P. Yeganeh, B. Yen, W.-L. Yin, J.-J. Yin, X.-M. Yoo, O.-J. Yoon, G. Yoon, S.-Y. Yorimitsu, T. Yoshikawa, Y. Yoshimori, T. Yoshimoto, K. You, H.J. Youle, R.J. Younes, A. Yu, L. Yu, L. Yu, S.-W. Yu, W.H. Yuan, Z.-M. Yue, Z. Yun, C.-H. Yuzaki, M. Zabirnyk, O. Silva-Zacarin, E. David Zacks, E. Zacksenhaus, L. Zaffaroni, N. Zakeri, Z. Zeh III, H.J. Zeitlin, S.O. Zhang, H. Zhang, H.-L. Zhang, J. Zhang, J.-P. Zhang, L. Zhang, L. Zhang, M.-Y. Zhang, X.D. Zhao, M. Zhao, Y.-F. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z.J. Zheng, X. Zhivotovsky, B. Zhong, Q. Zhou, C.-Z. Zhu, C. Zhu, W.-G. Zhu, X.-F. Zhu, X. Zhu, Y. Zoladek, T. Zong, W.-X. Zorzano, A. Zschocke, J. Zuckerbraun, B.

Abstract

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field. © 2012 Landes Bioscience.

Published
2012

23. Synaptotagmin III Isoform Is Compartmentalized in Pancreatic Β-Cells and Has a Functional Role in Exocytosis

Author

Brown, Hilary, Meister, Bjorn, Deeney, Jude, Corkey, Barbara E., Yang, Shao-Nian, Larsson, Olof, Rhodes, C.J., Seino, Susumu, Berggren, Per-Olof, and Fried, Gabriel

Subjects
Diabetes -- Physiological aspects, Pancreatic beta cells -- Physiological aspects, Exocytosis -- Physiological aspects, Health, Physiological aspects
Abstract

Synaptotagmin is involved in [Ca.sup.2+]-regulated secretion and has been suggested to serve as a general [Ca.sup.2+] sensor on the membrane of secretory vesicles in neuronal cells. Insulin exocytosis from the [...]

Published
2000

24. The influence of viral infection on a plankton ecosystem undergoing nutrient enrichment

Author

Rhodes, C.J., Martin, A.P., Rhodes, C.J., and Martin, A.P.

Abstract

It is increasingly recognised that viruses are a significant active component of oceanic plankton ecosystems. They play an important role in biogeochemical cycles as well as being implicated in observed patterns of species abundance and diversity. The influence of viral infection in plankton ecosystems is not fully understood. Here we use a number of well-founded mathematical models to investigate the interplay of the ecological and epidemiological interactions of plankton and viruses in the sea. Of particular interest is the role of nutrient on the population dynamics. Nutrient forcing has been suggested as a means of absorbing excess anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide by stimulating increased phytoplankton primary productivity. Here we show that enriching nutrient levels in the sea may decrease the amount of infected phytoplankton species thereby additionally enhancing the efficiency of the biological pump, a means by which carbon is transferred from the atmosphere to the deep ocean.

Published
2010

32. Measles outbreaks in a population with declining vaccine uptake

Author

Jansen, V.A.A., Stollenwerk, N., Jensen, H.J., Ramsay, M.E, Edmunds, W.J., and Rhodes, C.J.

Subjects
Vaccination -- Demographic aspects -- Usage, Measles -- Care and treatment -- Demographic aspects -- Prevention, Science and technology, Care and treatment, Prevention, Usage, Demographic aspects
Abstract

Measles is a highly infectious and potentially dangerous disease. Before mass vaccination was started in the United Kingdom, measles caused an average of 100 deaths per year (1). Since the [...]

Published
2003

42. Synaptotagmin III isoform is compartmentalized in pancreatic beta-cells and has a functional role in exocytosis.

Author

Brown, Hilary, Meister, Bjorn, Deeney, Jude, Corkey, Barbara E., Yang, Shao-Nian, Larsson, Olof, Rhodes, C.J., Seino, Susumu, Berggren, Per-Olof, Fried, Gabriel, Brown, H, Meister, B, Deeney, J, Corkey, B E, Yang, S N, Larsson, O, Seino, S, Berggren, P O, and Fried, G

Subjects
MEMBRANE proteins, EXOCYTOSIS, CELL compartmentation, PHYSIOLOGY
Abstract

Synaptotagmin is involved in Ca2+-regulated secretion and has been suggested to serve as a general Ca2+ sensor on the membrane of secretory vesicles in neuronal cells. Insulin exocytosis from the pancreatic beta-cell is an example of a Ca2+-dependent secretory process. Previous studies of pancreatic beta-cells were unable to show presence of synaptotagmin I. We now present biochemical and immunohistochemical data showing that synaptotagmin III is present in pancreatic beta-cells as well as in the insulin-secreting cell line HIT-T15 and in rat insulinoma. By subcellular fractionation, we found synaptotagmin III in high-density fractions together with insulin and secretogranin I, indicating colocalization of synaptotagmin III and insulin in secretory granules. We could also show that blockade of synaptotagmin III by a specific antibody inhibited Ca2+-induced changes in beta-cell membrane capacitance, suggesting that synaptotagmin III is part of the functional protein complex regulating beta-cell exocytosis. The synaptotagmin III antibody did not affect the activity of the voltage-gated L-type Ca2+-channel. These findings are compatible with the view that synaptotagmin III, because of its distinct localization in the pancreatic beta-cell, functionally modulates insulin exocytosis. This indicates that synaptotagmin may have a general role in the regulation of exocytosis not only in neuronal cells but also in endocrine cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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43. Shortage of resources for renewable energy and food production.

Author

Rhodes C.J. and Rhodes C.J.

Abstract

The importance is discussed of security of supply of strategic metals for economic growth in the UK. Of particular concern are indium, which is used in touch screens and liquid crystal displays, and rare earth elements, particularly Nd and Dy which are used to fabricate magnets for electric cars and wind turbines. Platinum group metals for use in catalytic converters and fuel cells are also an issue. The resources are not evenly distributed around the world, with 80% of available new Pt being extracted from only two mines in South Africa, 92% of Nb used for superconducting magnets and superalloys being exported from Brazil and 97% of rare earth elements currently supplied from China. The role of recycling to deal with resource depletion is discussed, an example being the possible extraction of Pt from roadside dust originating from catalytic converters. The Pt content of the dust is similar to the concentrations found in South African Pt ore. Global demand for phosphate rock is expected to rise at 2.3% per year, but this may increase to produce biomass for biofuel production, possibly leading to a shortage in agricultural phosphorus. Shortages in some commodities may be a threat to the development of green energy. Figures are tabulated for the world total reserve of metals which are under threat and their expected time of exhaustion based on current rates of production and principal applications., The importance is discussed of security of supply of strategic metals for economic growth in the UK. Of particular concern are indium, which is used in touch screens and liquid crystal displays, and rare earth elements, particularly Nd and Dy which are used to fabricate magnets for electric cars and wind turbines. Platinum group metals for use in catalytic converters and fuel cells are also an issue. The resources are not evenly distributed around the world, with 80% of available new Pt being extracted from only two mines in South Africa, 92% of Nb used for superconducting magnets and superalloys being exported from Brazil and 97% of rare earth elements currently supplied from China. The role of recycling to deal with resource depletion is discussed, an example being the possible extraction of Pt from roadside dust originating from catalytic converters. The Pt content of the dust is similar to the concentrations found in South African Pt ore. Global demand for phosphate rock is expected to rise at 2.3% per year, but this may increase to produce biomass for biofuel production, possibly leading to a shortage in agricultural phosphorus. Shortages in some commodities may be a threat to the development of green energy. Figures are tabulated for the world total reserve of metals which are under threat and their expected time of exhaustion based on current rates of production and principal applications.

44. Regulation of endothelial constitutive nitric oxide synthase gene expression in endothelial cells and in vivo - A specific vascular action of insulin

Author

Kuboki, K., Jiang, Z.Y., Takahara, N., Ha, S.W., Igarashi, M., Yamauchi, T., Feener, E.P., Herbert, Terence, Rhodes, C.J., King, G.L., Kuboki, K., Jiang, Z.Y., Takahara, N., Ha, S.W., Igarashi, M., Yamauchi, T., Feener, E.P., Herbert, Terence, Rhodes, C.J., and King, G.L.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The vasodilatory effect of insulin can be acute or increase with time from 1 to 7 hours, suggesting that insulin may enhance the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells. The objective of the present study was to characterize the extent and signaling pathways by which insulin regulates the expression of eNOS in endothelial cells and vascular tissues. METHODS AND RESULTS: Physiological concentrations of insulin (10(-10) to 10(-7) mmol/L) increased the levels of eNOS mRNA, protein, and activity by 2-fold after 2 to 8 hours of incubation in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Insulin enhanced eNOS gene expression in microvessels isolated from Zucker lean rats but not from insulin-resistant Zucker fatty rats. Inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3 kinase) decreased the effect of insulin on eNOS gene expression, but a general protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, GF109203X or PKCbeta isoform inhibitor, LY333531 enhanced eNOS expression. In contrast, PKC activators inhibited both the activation by insulin of PI-3 kinase and eNOS mRNA levels. Overexpression of PKCbeta isoform in endothelial cells inhibited the stimulation by insulin of eNOS expression and PI-3 kinase activities in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin can regulate the expression of eNOS gene, mediated by the activation of PI-3 kinase, in endothelial cells and microvessels. Thus, insulin may chronically modulate vascular tone. The activation of PKC in the vascular tissues as in insulin resistance and diabetes may inhibit PI-3 kinase activity and eNOS expression and may lead to endothelial dysfunctions in these pathological states.

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