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Global warming is one of the most serious problems leading to changes in the distribution areas of species and biodiversity. Rhodiola quadrifida is a rare plant with adaptogenic properties and grows in the highlands in a narrow temperature range of 2–15 °C. The aim of our work was to study the growth and content of the main metabolites in two in vitro cultures of Rhodiola quadrifida at temperatures of 5, 15 and 25 °C. Hairy roots and calli were cultivated on agar medium for 28 days. The maximum values of the growth index were observed at 25 °C (2.32 and 2.12 for calli and hairy roots, respectively). HPLC-MS showed the absence of tyrosol and rosarin in both cultures, and rosin in the root culture. The content of salidroside changed slightly in calli and roots. Cultivation at 5 °C significantly stimulated the formation of rosin in calli. Only a residual amount of rosavin was noted in the roots, regardless of temperature. The content of rosin was higher in calli at 15 °C with a maximum content at the end of the cultivation cycle 25 µg/g DW. Thus, Rhodiola quadrifida will be able to grow with an increase in temperature by 10 °C but this will be accompanied by a significant reduction in its medicinal value

Растения рода Rhodiola (Crasulaceae) активно применяются в народной медицине разных стран мира. Самым изученным представителем данного рода является родиола розовая (Rhodiola rosea L.), которая в Российской Федерации является официнальным видом. Но в народной медицине России и Китая применяются и другие виды рода Rhodiola. Так, в южной части Восточной Сибири большой популярностью пользуется родиола четырехлепестная Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey (красная щетка), в Средней Азии – родиола разнозубчатая Rhodiola heterodonta (Hook. f. & Thomson) Boriss. Для введения данных видов рода Rhodiola в официнальную медицину необходимо определение маркерных соединений и выбор критериев стандартизации. Целью данной работы было изучение фенольных спиртов и их гликозидов, установленных в качестве родоспецифичных, в R. quadrifida и R. heterodonta в сравнении с R. rosea методами высокоэффективной тонкослойной и жидкостной хроматографии. Установлено, что розарин характерен только для R. rosea, а салидрозид и тирозол количественно превалируют в R. heterodonta и R. quadrifida. Основываясь на полученных результатах, можно предположить, что отличия в хроматографическом профиле изучаемых видов могут быть использованы с целью подтверждения идентичности, а установленные соединения могут быть использованы для стандартизации указанных видов родиол., Plants of the genus Rhodiola (Crasulaceae) are actively used in folk medicine around the world. The most studied representative of this genus is Rhodiola rosea L., which is an official species in the Russian Federation. But in the folk medicine of Russia and China, other species of the genus Rhodiola are also used. Thus, in the southern part of Eastern Siberia, Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch et Mey is very popular., in Central Asia - Rhodiola heterodonta (Hook. f. & Thomson) Boriss. To introduce these species of the genus Rhodiola into official medicine, it is necessary to determine marker compounds and select standardization criteria. The purpose of this work was to study phenolic alcohols and their glycosides, established as genus specific, in Rhodiola quadrifida and Rhodiola heterodonta in comparison with Rhodiola rosea by high performance thin layer and liquid chromatography. It has been established that rosarin is characteristic only for R. rosea, while salidroside and tyrosol quantitatively prevail in R. heterodonta and R. quadrifida. Based on the obtained results, it can be assumed that the differences in the chromatographic profile of the studied species can be used to confirm the identity, and the identified compounds can be used to standardize the indicated Rhodiola species.

Chromatographic separation of constituents in the EtOH extract of the herb of Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. & C. A. Mey. (Crassulaceae) isolated 14 compounds including four new flavonol glycosides 1–4. UV and NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry found that the compounds were gossypetin and herbacetin derivatives, i.e., gossypetin-8-O-(2″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (rhodiquadrin A, 1), gossypetin-3-O-(3″-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside-8-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (rhodiquadrin B, 2), herbacetin-8-O-(2″-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (rhodiquadrin C, 3), and gossypetin-8-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (rhodiquadrin D, 4). A study of the biological activities of the isolated flavonoids showed that the gossypetin derivatives possessed high antiradical and anti-glucosidase activity.

В статье приводятся результаты исследования ценопопуляции Rhodiola quadrifida на северо-западном склоне хребта Курыксар. Установлено, что ценопопуляция характеризуется невысокой численностью и плотностью. Установлено, что вид обладает крайней стенотопностью, низкой конкурентной способностью и нуждается в мониторинге и охране., This article presents the results of a study of the coenopopulations of Rhodiola quadrifida on the northwestern slope of the Kuryksar ridge. It is established that the cenopopulation is characterized by a low number and density. It has been established that the species has extreme stenotopicity, low competitive ability, and needs monitoring and protection.

Rhodiola rosea and Rhodiola quadrifida are widely distributed and sold in Eastern Europe. The purpose of this paper was to identify R.rosea, R.quadrifida and Rhodiola rosea liquid extract (RRLE) in the Ukrainian market and bring out adulteration cases using chromatographic characterisation by HPTLC. The multiple samples of R.rosea, R.quadrifida and RRLE were compared; the optimal chromatographic conditions for identification of R.rosea and RRLE based on the presence of rosavins and salidroside as well as for identification of R.quadrifida based on the presence of salidroside were proposed; the specific HPTLC fingerprints were obtained; the acceptance criteria for each product were set. The adulteration cases for R.rosea and RRLE samples were established. The dependence on handling R.rosea and presence of rosavins was determined. It was assumed that low-quality raw materials or inefficient technology process were used for RRLE. The consistency of HPTLC fingerprints for R.quadrifida samples was established.

Medicinal Rhodiola species, including Rhodiola rosea L. and Rhodiola crenulata (Hongjingtian红景天) have been widely used as herbal medicines with numerous claims for their therapeutic effects. These products are registered by a number as pharmaceuticals and throughout China Rhodiola is also taken for wellness and is registered as a self-medicated wellness product for ‘blood-boosting and heart-strengthening.’ However other species exist that may be found as adulterants in the value chain, these include Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey, Rhodiola sachalinensis Borris, and Rhodiola fastigiata (Hook. f. & Thomson) S.H. Fu. Faced with resource depletion, environment destruction and higher demand, R. rosea and R. crenulata are becoming scarce around theworld. This scarcity may add to their economic value, but also increases the risk of adulteration and poor quality (Booker et al. 2015).

Rhodiola is one of the important plants studied for its medicinal properties in ancient time. Some of the well-known and mostly evaluated species of genus Rhodiola are Rhodiola rosea, Rhodiola imbricata, Rhodiola heterodonta, Rhodiola quadrifida, etc. These species are known to possess potent biological/pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, leprosy, anti-inflammatory, antistress, etc. These plants grow at a height of around 4000–5000 m above the sea level with a low temperature of around −10 °C, thus surviving in very harsh conditions. Their survival in such harsh conditions is due to their adaptation in that environment as well as the kind of compounds these plants produce in their biological mechanism. The present chapter deals with the phytochemical composition, bioactivity, and in vitro analysis of some important Rhodiola species.

Two bioactive cyanoglycosides, rhodiocyanosides A and B, and two oligoglycosides, rhodioflavonoside [gossypetin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1--3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside] and rhodiooctanoside [octyl alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1--6) beta- D-glucopyranoside), were isolated from the Chinese natural medicine "Si Lie Hong Jing Tian" (Shiretsukoukeiten in Japanese), the underground part of Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey., together with four known compounds: rhodioloside, n-hexyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, gossypetin 7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, and tricetin. The chemical structures of new glycosides were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Rhodiocyanosides A and B exhibited inhibitory activity on the histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells sensitized with anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl IgE. Additionally, rhodiocyanoside A, the major constituent of this natural medicine, was also found to show antiallergic activity in a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test in rat.

Two new antiallergic cyanoglycosides named rhodiocyanosides A and B were isolated from the Chinese natural medicine "Si Lie Hong Jing Tian" (Shiretsukoukeiten in Japanese), the underground part of Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey., together with two new glycosides, octyl alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and gossypetin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Rhodiocyanosides A and B exhibited inhibitory activity on the histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells sensitized with anti-DNP IgE. In addition, rhodiocyanoside A was found to inhibit the PCA reaction in rats.

Two new antiallergic cyanoglycosides named rhodiocyanosides A and B were isolated from the Chinese natural medicine "Si Lie Hong Jing Tian" (Shiretsukoukeiten in Japanese), the underground part of Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey., together with two new glycosides, octyl alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and gossypetin 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside. Their chemical structures were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Rhodiocyanosides A and B exhibited inhibitory activity on the histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells sensitized with anti-DNP IgE. In addition, rhodiocyanoside A was found to inhibit the PCA reaction in rats.

The chemical composition of a hydrodistilled oil of Rhodiola quadrifida (Pall.) Fisch. et Mey. growing wild in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China was analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty-three constituents were identified. The major components of the oil were hexadecanoic acid (45.39%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (33.38%), 9-hexadecenoic acid (3.08%), myristic acid (1.95%), a-terpineol (1.74%), and octadecanoic acid (1.07%).