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There are known disparities in the burden of illness and access/quality of care for African, Latino/a, Asian, and Native American (ALANA) patients diagnosed with depressive disorders, which may occur because of health inequities. Racial stress and trauma (RST), or the significant fear and distress that can be imparted from exposure to racism, is one such inequity linked to the development of depression. The current review summarizes past research examining the association between racism, RST, and depression, as well as avenues in which RST becomes biologically embedded in ALANA individuals. We describe multimodal research that supports vigilance as a potential mediator of the association between RST and depression and consider the nuanced role that vigilance plays during experiences with racism. Finally, we describe methodological advances in the assessment of vigilance evoked by RST and the clinical implications that may be generated by future improvements. In each of these areas, we present examples of how ongoing and future research can be leveraged to provide support for psychosocial programs that facilitate autonomous community healing and resilience, increase calls for public policy changes, and support clinical interventions that lessen the burden of racism on ALANA communities.

Racial-ethnic socialization is a process where parents pass beliefs and behaviors to their children, including critical reflections on race and racism. Currently, it is not well known across racial/ethnic groups in the U.S how parents’ socialization competency (confidence, skills, and stress surrounding the delivery of racial-ethnic socialization) coalesces with the frequency with which they deliver different types of socialization messages (socialization content). The current study utilizes latent profile analysis to examine racial-ethnic socialization content and competency patterns among 203 Black, 194 Latinx, and 188 Asian American parents (n = 585, Mage = 44.46, SD = 9.14, 59.70% mothers) with children 10–18 years old (Mage = 14.30, SD = 2.49, 50.3% female). Furthermore, we relate profiles to sociodemographic and relevant factors posited to impact socialization competency and content delivery, namely, discrimination and critical consciousness dimensions (reflection, motivation, action). We observed three parental profiles: Less Prepared Stressed Low Frequency (LPSLF; n = 285), Prepared Low Stress Frequent (PLSF; n = 204), and Prepared Stressed Frequent (PSF; n = 96) socializers. Profile differences emerged on parental and youth sociodemographic factors, lifetime discrimination exposure, and each parental critical consciousness dimension. This study lays a foundation for the combined study of racial-ethnic socialization competence and content in diverse groups, a practice crucial to understanding 21st century parenting.

Perceived racial discrimination (PRD) has been documented as a risk factor for worse psychological well-being among African Americans. Yet, most researchers have not examined how trajectories of PRD during emerging adulthood shape psychological well-being in adulthood. Moreover, less is known about whether demographic factors and components of racial identity shape PRD over time. We identified trajectories of PRD among 605 African American emerging adults and examined whether PRD trajectories were associated with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and perceived lack of control in adulthood. Four trajectories of PRD were identified (i.e., high-stable, moderate-declining, low-rising, and low-stable), and demographic factors and racial identity indicators influenced the likelihood of trajectory classification. In addition, members of the moderate-declining trajectory exhibited higher levels of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and perceived lack of control than members in the low-stable trajectory. Our findings suggest that changes in PRD in emerging adulthood can extend our understanding of psychological well-being in adulthood.

This study examined patterns of (a) observed racial socialization messages in dyadic discussions between 111 African American mothers and adolescents (M[subscript age] = 15.50) and (b) mothers' positive emotions displayed during the discussion. Mothers displayed more advocacy on behalf of their adolescents in response to discrimination by a White teacher than to discrimination by a White salesperson. Mothers displayed consistent emotional support of adolescents' problem solving across both dilemmas but lower warmth in response to the salesperson dilemma. Findings illustrate evidence of the transactional nature of racial socialization when presented with adolescents' racial dilemmas. The role of adolescent gender in mothers' observed racial socialization responses is also discussed. A framework for a process-oriented approach to racial socialization is presented.

The article focuses on the negative impact of police brutality on the psychological health of Black youth, particularly addressing the vicarious trauma experienced through social media, and introduces an after-school program that involves Detroit high school students in creating video game and virtual reality narratives to express and address their perceptions of policing experiences.

In a sample of 500 self‐identified Black adolescents from across the United States, this study investigated the pathways between youth's experiences of parental racial socialization (RS) and their sociopolitical development. Findings from structural equation modelling reveal that RS messages and actions were positively associated with youth's awareness of racial inequality (critical reflection) and confidence and motivation in addressing racism (critical agency). Further, there were direct and indirect associations between RS and multiple forms of racial justice actions (interpersonal, political/communal, and online). Racial barriers messages were directly positively associated with political/communal and indirectly positively associated with interpersonal and online action, while cultural socialization actions were directly positively associated with all three forms of action. These findings support theoretical contentions that RS messages and actions may be powerful tools for cultivating Black youth's understanding and capacity to transform racially unjust systems. Further, parents' behaviours to racially socialize their children may be more impactful than their verbal messages in cultivating multiple forms of racial justice action. Finally, recommendations for future research and practice related to Black youth's consciousness and activism are presented. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk melayani tim terapis di Klinik Massage Cedera Olahraga Seger Waras Semarang untuk mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berkomunikasi dalam bahasa Inggris karena adanya pasien asing yang sudah banyak berobat dan melakukan terapi cedera olahraga di sana. Berdasarkan masalah yang dihadapi, tim pengabdi merancang solusi yakni adanya pelatihan berbicara, menulis, membaca, dan mendengarkan teks bahasa Inggris sehingga mampu berkomunikasi aktif dengan pasien asing. Adapun solusi tersebut akhirnya akan diperoleh luaran yaitu peningkatan keterampilan kelompok terapis dalam berkomunikasi dalam bahasa Inggris.

Several teachers in SMP, SMA, and SMK Muhammadiyah in Central Java have not implemented Lesson Study for Teacher Professional Development, especially in SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cilacap, SMK Muhammadiyah Bumiayu, SMK Muhammadiyah Boja, SMK Muhammadiyah Pekalongan, and SMA Muhammadiyah Wonosobo. The implementation has two objectives, such as to analyze and assess teacher professional development via lesson study in six Muhammadiyah schools. This implementation employed descriptive quantitative and lesson study methodologies to examine the process of implementing lesson study through training models, brainstorming, and group discussions and to measure the improvement of instructors’ viewpoints before and after professional development. The performance results show that teachers actively discussed and collaborated to improve the learning process, from lesson design to open class. The teacher’s perspective questionnaire in their professional development fell into the excellent category, with an average category level above three as the results increased compared to the pre-result before implementation, category level two. All in all, teachers should be more innovative and imaginative to improve their professionalism.

Researchers have illustrated the deleterious psychological effects that racial discrimination has exerted on Black Americans. The resulting racial stress and trauma (RST) from experiences with discrimination has been linked to negative wellness outcomes and trajectories for Black youth and families. Racial socialization (RS)—defined as the verbal and nonverbal messages that families use to communicate race to their children—can be a cultural strength and has been associated with positive outcomes in Black youth. Furthermore, the Racial Encounter Coping Appraisal and Socialization Theory (RECAST) encourages the frequent and competent use of RS between family members to cope with the negative impact of RST. Guided by RECAST, the purpose of this article is to describe the development of the Engaging, Managing, and Bonding through Race (EMBRace) intervention targeting the RS practices between Black adolescents and families. The authors explore current research on RST, discuss why traditional coping models for stress are inadequate for racially specific stressors, highlight RECAST as a burgeoning racial coping and socialization model, and describe how RS can be used as a tool to intervene within Black families. This is followed by a detailed description of the development and use of the EMBRace intervention which seeks to reduce RST through RS psychoeducation and practice, stress management, and the promotion of bonding in Black families. This article aims to serve as an example of a culturally relevant RS intervention for Black families who may benefit from clinical treatment for psychological distress from racially discriminatory encounters. Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The learning process and life activities during the Covid-19 pandemic proceed through online social media, so there is a need for technological literacy. This activity also happened at the Pondok Pesantren Putri Sahlan Rosyidi Semarang where the academic abilities of the female students, especially the English language, were very diverse but there was still a lack of English-speaking practice programs that were integrated with digital literacy. Initial findings of the daily English-speaking ability of female students had an average of 65 which had to be improved again. Based on this statement, our team focuses on the implementation and training of Digital Literacy through the practice of speaking English for female students at the Pondok Pesantren Putri Sahlan Rosyidi Semarang, consisting 60 female students. The method used is descriptive quantitative by applying brainstorming, group discussion, explanation, speaking practices, digital platform, and evaluation of students' digital understanding of literacy. The results show that the implementation of the practice of speaking English based on digital literacy with an increase in the average speaking English rising to 81. In addition, the female students gave a positive response to the implementation of digital literacy and the practice of speaking that was trained. They were also motivated to practice conversation or monologue by utilizing digital technology.

This study also examined third semester students’ critical thinking perception. The aims of this research are to found what are the move-step structure that lies in students' review texts and students’ critical thinking perception. Qualitative method is used as the approach. Totally 33 review texts are analyzed. The result revealed that there are 3 moves found. There are Move 1 in the introduction paragraph. Then Move to via Step 1, Step 2, and Step 3 that found in the interpretative recount. The last move is Move 3 via Step 1 which is found in the evaluation and Move 3 via Step 2 found in the evaluative summation. The result showed 434 moves found from 33 texts. The Move that mostly found were Move 2 via Step 1 which resumed what was the artwork/thing that being reviewed. This research also figured out the perception of critical thinking dealing with their review text writing products. Interview and questionnaire are used to unveil the critical thinking perception of the students. Most of the students still need guidance from their lecturer to develop their writing skills to be more precise. HIGHLIGHTS: • There were three moves found in the review text. The move consisted of obligatory and optional. The analysis also showed that some students still reversed in writing the content of the interpretative recount and the evaluation. • The students understood the definition of the review text and the communicative purposes. They needed more facts to support their opinion or judgment in the review text.

Students at Public Elementary School 03 Ujung-Ujung Pabelan learned English only in extracurricular activities, where grade 4 and grade 5 were joined in one class. The learning was done by memorizing vocabulary and learning the structure of English grammar. During extracurricular activities, students were not introduced to HOTS-based storytelling, they only learned English vocabulary and structures. Based on this explanation, students needed HOTS skills in learning English so that they can stimulate critical thinking skills in responding to reading and other English language materials. But in reality, they tended to memorize vocabulary and grammar relatively. Based on this statement, our service team focuses community service on the implementation of storytelling to increase student’s HOTS at 03 Elementary School Ujung-Ujung Pabelan Semarang, which had 42 students. The service method used is the lecture method, brainstorming, storytelling practice, and evaluation of the satisfaction of community service participants. The results show that the student’s HOTS in learning to read English stories, retelling what they had read, and increasing the students' critical thinking patterns. The students become motivated to retell story in English and the students improve their critical thinking patterns.

Given the heightened national attention to negative race-related issues and the subsequent community solution-oriented outcry (e.g., Black Lives Matter movement), it is crucial to address healing from racial discrimination for Black Americans. Clinical and community psychologists have responded by developing and implementing programs that focus on racial socialization and psychological wellness, particularly given disproportionate issues with utilization, access, and the provision of quality services within urban and predominantly Black communities. The aim of this article is to describe 2 applied programs (Engaging, Managing, and Bonding through Race and Family Learning Villages), which seek to address and heal racial stress through crucial proximal systems—families and schools—and to highlight participant reactions. These programs offer solutions through strengths-based and participatory approaches which draw from Black Americans’ own protective mechanisms related to improved mental health. We conclude with a discussion on practice, assessments, and models specific to racial stress for researchers, practitioners, and consumers of mental health services.

The relationship between racial discrimination, parental functioning, and child adjustment is not well understood. The goal of the present study was to assess parental reports of discrimination in relation to depression and parenting practices, as well as on subsequent child internalizing and externalizing problems in low-income Black families. Data include a subsample of the Early Steps project, a multisite longitudinal study of financial and behaviorally at-risk families. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze our hypothesized model. Excellent model fit was established after removing externalizing problems from the model. As predicted, indirect associations were found from discrimination to parental depression, parenting, and child internalizing problems; and direct associations were found from discrimination to child internalizing problems. The results are consistent with findings suggesting that discrimination is negatively associated with adult well-being; moreover, contribute to the sparse literature on the effects of discrimination beyond the direct recipient. Finally, that parent discrimination was directly associated with child emotional problems suggests the continued need to address and treat discriminatory practices more generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada pengrajin gerabah di desa Sitiwinangun. Sitiwinangun merupakan desa penghasil gerabah yang lokasinya terletak di kecamatan Jamblang, di wilayah Kasultanan Cirebon. Pada tahun 1970-an, gerabah desa Sitiwinangun mengalami masa kejayaannya, dimana permintaan datang dari Jepang, Belanda, dan negara maju lainnya. Namun seiring berjalannya waktu, saat ini kerajinan gerabah di desa Sitiwinangun mengalami mati suri, hal ini terjadi pasca peralatan rumah tangga berbahan plastik dan semen menggantikan gerabah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor penunjang dan penghambat kerajinan gerabah Desa Sitiwinangun serta bagaimana meningkatkan kinerja pengrajin gerabah Desa Sitiwinangun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dan wawancara. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap tiga nara sumber. Data dianalisis dengan analisis eksploratif deskriptif. Faktor-faktor penunjang kerajinan gerabah desa Sitiwinangun, diantaranya memiliki nilai edukasi, budaya dan sejarah, memiliki motif dan model yang berbeda dari daerah lain dan tidak mudah pecah. Faktor-faktor penghambat diantaranya, kurangnya bahan baku karena keterbatasan lahan, desain monoton dan kurang pemasaran. Upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja pengrajin gerabah Desa Sitiwinangun dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan pemasaran kewirausahaan dan interfirm linkage.

Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae is a major disease affecting rice production grown in upland and wetland rice. Application of beneficial bacteria as seedling root dip and spraying method to protect against the disease may be an alternative strategy to chemical control. This research was aimed to explore the bacterial consortium that may control blast disease on rice plants. In this study, the following bacterial cultures and their consortiums were used: Bacillus firmus E65, Serratia marcescens E31, Pseudomonas aeruginosa C32b, Bacillus cereus II.14, and its combination for their suppression ability against P. oryzae under in-vitro conditions. The results showed that A2 (Bacillus firmus E65) and A6 consortium (Bacillus firmus E65, Bacillus cereus II.14, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa C32b) significantly reduced the mycelial growth of P. oryzae with the percentage inhibition of 73-85% and 66-83%, respectively. Further greenhouse testing conducted with use of formulative preparation of the two selected best treatments using talc, bentonite, palm oil, and suspension-based carriers showed that spraying with suspension formulation had good effect in suppressing blast disease compared with that of other carriers evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kolokasi adalah suatu fenomena kebahasaan yang menunjukan bahwa suatu kata akan selalu bersanding dengan kata tertentu yang tidak tergantikan dengan konteks tertentu. Pemahaman kolokasi ketika menerjemahkan, akan memudahkan penerjemah menyandingkan suatu kata Buku bacaan anak dwibahasa sangat marak keberadaannya akhir -akhir ini . Salah satu alasannya adalah merespon kebutuhan orang tua membantu anak belajar bahasa asing. Dwibahasa yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini akan dibatasi dengan dengan penerjemahan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris. Buku bacaan anak dipilih karena bahasanya yang sederhana, sehingga seringkali penerjemahnnya ke dalam bahasa sasaran hanya berdasar kata per kata. Mendwibahasakan buku bacaan anak tidak sesederhana itu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis kolokasi yang terdapat dalam bacaan anak dwinbahasa, mendeskripsikan strategi yang digunakan penerjemah utntuk menerjemahkan ke dalam bahasa sasaran, serta menetukan kelaziman dari hasil terjemahan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif . Data penelitian ini adalah kolokasi bahasa Indonesia dan terjemahannya dalam bahasa Inggris. Kolokasi diperoleh dari kalimat dalam buku bacaan anak dwibahasa Indonesia-Inggris yang beredar di pasaran. Kolokasi teks sumber akan dikelompokkan berdasar jenisnya, yaitu : adjektiva+nomina, nomina+nomina, verba+objek. Kolokasi teks sumber akan dibandingkan dengan versi terjemahnnya untuk menentukan strategi penerjemahan yang digunakan. Hasil terjemahan aakan dianalisis untuk menentukan kelaziman dalam bahasa sasaran dengan mempertimbangkan faktor ekstra linguistik dan budaya. Ketepatan penerjemahan kolokasi akan mempengaruhi kualitas terjemahan.

Heteroplasmy—the presence of more than one mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence type in a cell, tissue, or individual—impacts human mitochondrial disease and numerous aging-related syndromes. Understanding the trans-generational dynamics of mtDNA is critical to understanding the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial disease and evolution. We investigated mtDNA mutation and heteroplasmy using a set of wild-type (N2 strain) and mitochondrial electron transport chain mutant (gas-1) mutant Caenohabditis elegans mutation-accumulation (MA) lines. The N2 MA lines, derived from a previous experiment, were bottlenecked for 250 generations. The gas-1 MA lines were created for this study, and bottlenecked in the laboratory for up to 50 generations. We applied Illumina-MiSeq DNA sequencing to L1 larvae from five gas-1 MA lines and five N2 MA lines to detect and characterize mtDNA mutation and heteroplasmic inheritance patterns evolving under extreme drift. mtDNA copy number increased in both sets of MA lines: 3-fold on average among the gas-1 MA lines and 5-fold on average among N2 MA lines. Eight heteroplasmic single base substitution polymorphisms were detected in the gas-1 MA lines; only one was observed in the N2 MA lines. Heteroplasmy frequencies ranged broadly in the gas-1 MA lines, from as low as 2.3% to complete fixation (homoplasmy). An initially low-frequency (

To help their children survive and thrive in our unequal society, parents of color must engage in the process of ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) or teaching about race, ethnicity, and racism. Equally important to the provision of ERS messages are parents' confidence, skills, and stress levels around delivering ERS (i.e., ERS competency). Currently, little work speaks to how different aspects of parental ERS competency and the content of the messages they give are related to each other. This is important to better understand not only for the continued refinement of theory but also to inform newly developed and future interventions intervening upon parental ERS. The present study, therefore, utilizes network analysis, an analytical tool not yet applied to the study of ERS but with the capabilities of illustrating the interrelations between specific aspects of ERS content and competency. Among 576 Black, Asian American, and Latinx parents ( M age = 44.52 years old, SD age = 9.16, 59.5% mothers) with adolescent children ( M age = 14.31, SD age = 2.48), we found evidence for relatively sparse interconnections between dimensions of ERS content and competency. However, we identified parental messages about racism and coping (preparation for bias), the celebration of diversity (cultural pluralism), the history and values of one's ethnic-racial group (cultural socialization), and parents' levels of socialization-related stress as particularly central, important aspects of ERS; these central components of ERS may have the potential to serve as particularly powerful intervention targets. Specific findings and the potential for network analyses to add to our understanding of the complex process of ERS are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Ticks are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites notorious for their role as vectors for various pathogens, posing health risks to pets, livestock, wildlife, and humans. Wildlife also notably serves as reservoir hosts for tick-borne pathogens and plays a pivotal role in the maintenance and dissemination of these pathogenic agents within ecosystems. This study investigated the diversity of ticks and pathogens in wildlife and their habitat by examining ticks collected at Khao Kheow Open Zoo, Chonburi Province, Thailand. Tick samples were collected for 1 year from March 2021 to March 2022 by vegetation dragging and direct sampling from wildlife. A total of 10,436 ticks or 449 tick pools (1-50 ticks per pool) underwent screening for pathogen presence through conventional PCR and DNA sequencing. Out of the 298 samples (66.37%) where bacteria and protozoa were detected, encompassing 8,144 ticks at all stages, 114 positive samples from the PCR screenings were specifically chosen for detailed nucleotide sequencing and comprehensive analysis. Four species of ticks were conclusively identified through the application of PCR, namely, Rhipicephalus microplus , Dermacentor auratus, Haemaphysalis lagrangei , and Haemaphysalis wellingtoni . The highest infection rate recorded was for Anaplasma spp. at 55.23% (248/449), followed by Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. at 29.62% (133/449) and 16.26% (73/449), respectively. Among bacteria identified, three Anaplasma genotypes were closely related to an unidentified Anaplasma spp., A. phagocytophilum , and A. bovis . Among protozoa, only an unidentified Babesia spp. was found, whereas two Theileria genotypes found were closely related to unidentified Theileria spp. and T. equi . Significantly, our findings revealed coinfection with Anaplasma spp., Theileria spp., and Babesia spp. While blood samples from wildlife were not specifically collected to assess infection in this study, the data on the presence of various pathogens in ticks observed can serve as valuable indicators to assess the health status of wildlife populations and to monitor disease dynamics. The findings could be valuable in developing programs for the treatment, prevention, and control of tick-borne illnesses in this area. However, additional research is required to determine the ticks' ability to transmit these pathogens and enhance the current understanding of the relationship among pathogens, ticks, and hosts., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Sri-in, Thongmeesee, Wechtaisong, Yurayart, Rittisornthanoo, Akarapas, Bunphungbaramee, Sipraya, Riana, Bui, Kamkong, Maikaew, Kongmakee, Saedan, Bartholomay and Tiawsirisup.)

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a transboundary viral disease in cattle and water buffaloes. Although this Poxvirus is supposedly transmitted by mechanical vectors, only a few studies have investigated the role of local vectors in the transmission of LSDV. This study examined the infection, dissemination, and transmission rates of LSDV in Aedes aegypti, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, and Culex quinquefasciatus following artificial membrane feeding of 10 2.7 , 10 3.7 , 10 4.7 TCID 50 /mL LSDV in sheep blood. The results demonstrated that these mosquito species were susceptible to LSDV, with Cx tritaeniorhynchus exhibiting significantly different characteristics from Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus. These three mosquito species were susceptible to LSDV. Ae. aegypti showed it as early as 2 days post-infection (dpi), indicating swift dissemination in this particular species. The extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of LSDV in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. quinquefasciatus was 8 and 14 dpi, respectively. Ingestion of different viral titers in blood did not affect the infection, dissemination, or transmission rates of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and Cx. quinquefasciatus. All rates remained consistently high at 8-14 dpi for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. In all three species, LSDV remained detectable until 14 dpi. The present findings indicate that, Ae. aegypti, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Cx. quinquefasciatus may act as vectors during the LSDV outbreak; their involvement may extend beyond being solely mechanical vectors., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Parents of color's critical consciousness development (understanding of and actions to redress societal inequalities) is an important yet understudied area, especially relative to the burgeoning literature on youth's critical consciousness development. As with youth of color, ethnic-racial identity, or the meaning and importance placed on one's ethnic-racial group membership, likely plays a notable yet complex role in parents' critical consciousness. Specifically, parents' participation in activities that engage them in the culture of their racial-ethnic group (exploration), the importance they place on race-ethnicity (centrality), and their perceptions of how society views their group (public regard) may each be differentially associated with understanding of inequalities (critical reflection), motivation toward ending inequalities (critical motivation), and the behaviors parents engage in to address inequalities (critical action). Further, it is possible that associations may vary across racial-ethnic groups given different sociocultural histories, experiences (including immigrant experiences), and positionality within the United States. In the present study, we employ multigroup structural equation modeling among a sample of 203 Black, 193 Asian American, and 188 Latinx parents (total N = 584, M age = 44.46, SD = 2.49, 59.6% mothers) of an adolescent child between the ages of 13 and 17 to examine associations between ethnic-racial identity and critical consciousness across groups. Results indicate highly complex, group-specific relations between identity and critical consciousness: public regard was most consistently predictive of critical consciousness dimensions among Black parents. Exploration and centrality were most predictive among Asian American and Latinx parents, respectively. Implications for relations between ethnic-racial identity and critical consciousness in light of different group experiences are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is an important flavivirus that can be transmitted to poultry via Aedes albopictus bites. Furthermore, humans residing in the DTMUV epidemic area display activated antiviral immune responses to local DTMUV isolates during the pathogenic invasion, thereby raising the primary concern that this flavivirus may be transmitted to humans via mosquito bites. Therefore, we identified the gene AALF004421, which is a homolog of the 34-kDa salivary protein (34 kDa) of Ae. albopictus and studied the salivary protein-mediated enhancement of DTMUV infection in Ae. albopictus salivary glands. We observed that double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing of the 34 kDa in mosquito salivary glands demonstrated that the silenced 34 kDa impaired DTMUV infectivity, similar to inhibition through serine protease. This impairment occurred as a consequence of triggering the innate immune response function of a macroglobulin complement-related factor (MCR). 34-kDa in the salivary gland which had similar activity as a serine protease, results in the abrogation of antimicrobial peptides production and strong enhance DTMUV replication and transmission. Although the function of the 34 kDa in Ae. albopictus is currently unknown; in the present study, we showed that it may have a major role in DTMUV infection in mosquito salivary glands through the suppression of the antiviral immune response in the earliest stages of infection. This finding provides the first identification of a prominently expressed 34 kDa protein in Ae. albopictus saliva that could serve as a target for controlling DTMUV replication in mosquito vectors., (© 2023. The Author(s).)