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In this paper, we investigate the heat transfer characteristics of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with Williamson hybrid nanofluid (HNF), considering the influence of bioconvection as well as a chemical reaction on a stretched surface. We observe no investigation on bioconvection Williamson HNFs flow in the literature, which is a novel contribution to the literature. The recent study seeks to enhance the heat transfer rate by investigating inclined magnetic field, along with the interplay of bioconvection and chemical reactions. The employed hybrid nanoparticles consist of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and copper (Cu) suspended in base fluid (water). The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are changed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through an appropriate similarity transformation. These ODEs are subsequently analyzed employing the MATLAB bvp4c approach numerically. This study presents comprehensive insights into the behavior of distinct parameters, conveyed through phase portraits of temperature, velocity, nanoparticle concentration, as well as microorganism density profiles. The results showed that the momentum profile was inversely affected by increasing Williamson parameter, magnetic force, and inclination angle, while the temperature was boosted with advanced magnetic field, radiation parameter as well as Brownian motion parameter values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With advances in the use of nanomaterials for heat transfer, various attributes have been recognized by researchers, paving the way for more dynamic and interdisciplinary applications. The assessment of heat and mass transfer facilitated by nanomaterials, especially in the context of sliding phenomena, plays a crucial role in manufacturing, industrial operations and the petroleum sector, among others. Driven by such considerations, the present study introduces bioconvective patterns into nanofluid flow, taking into account several sliding conditions. These multiple sliding conditions, related to speed, temperature, concentration and microorganisms, were examined to study the synergistic effects on heat and mass transfer. The flow examined is influenced by a porous stretchable surface, incorporating suction and injection mechanisms, while the fluid itself is electrically conductive. A firing method was designed to tackle the proposed model. The impact of various parameters is analyzed visually, revealing that the velocity profile is diminished by the velocity slip constant and the permeability of the porous medium. Furthermore, the interaction of multiple sliding effects distinctly enhances thermal processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanoparticles reduce heat dissipation during the solidification and combustion process, this is because the dispersion of nanoparticles accelerates the solidification processes. In this paper, the comparative study of an unsteady free convection MHD flow of nanofluids through an accelerated long vertical plate placed in a porous medium with embedded nanoparticles is proposed for solidification trends. The flow is confined to a moving plate under the inclined magnetic field and affected by chemical reactions, Newtonian heating, and thermal radiation. The governing equations for concentration, temperature, and velocity are reduced in dimensionless and fractionalized with innovative fractional derivatives of Caputo-Fabrizio and Atangana-Baleanu. The Laplace transform is employed on governing equations based on water as base fluid with nanoparticles. The numerical inversion technique, namely the Zakian method, is used. The results suggest the decaying behavior of velocity and temperature with both fractional models based on the memory of the flow at a specific time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A thermo-dynamical model of rate type fluid has been developed from a thermodynamic standpoint that is capable of describing the response of viscoelastic fluids through newly modeled constitutive equations. The key findings of this article are to analyze an unsteady Oldroyd-B fluid flow over an exponentially accelerated plate accompanied by continuous temperature in the existence of wall slip conditions. By using Caputo's time-fractional derivative, a fractional model is introduced for constitutive equations. The Laplace transform is invoked to have semi-analytical solutions from non-dimensional equations of temperature, velocity, shear stress, and Nusselt number. By using the Laplacian computational inversion algorithm of Stehfest, the results of velocity as well as shear stress have been achieved within thermodynamical aspects. The impacts of several parameters on fluid temperature, velocity, and shear stress are prescribed with the help of graphical diagrams. The temperature and velocity profiles are declined for higher values of Prandtl number. The velocity profile and shear stress are increased by growing the values of Grashof number and retardation time. The velocity profile is declined with larger values of slip parameter and relaxation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The response of inhomogeneous fluids whose material properties are strongly interconnected with mean normal stress and shear rate; such phenomenon undergo to rate constitutive-type theories within thermodynamical aspects. In this context, the thermodynamic approach for modeling a class of viscoelastic fluids so-called Oldroyd-B fluid is investigated through a singular kernel. This is because role of the singular kernel has become imperative due to the wide applications of rate-type fluid subject to the mixed convection flow. To have the systematical and molecular dynamics of Oldroyd-B fluid, the temperature distribution, velocity profile, and Nusselt numbers have been explored by invoking the Laplace transform on the governing equations. Owing to the strengthening of physical parameters, the enhancement of convective heat transfer is emphasized based on relaxation as well as retardation phenomenon. Additionally, the evaluation of thermal and flow characteristics of Oldroyd-B fluid has resulted in discovering more evolutionary mechanisms of the considered problem of rate-type fluid subject to the mixed convection flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)-induced hyperthermia is capable of heating the tumor without side effects. In this technique, the tumor temperature is elevated to 41–43 °C from a normal temperature of 37 °C of the body. The Pennes' bio-heat transfer equation is widely used to transfer heat in living organs with blood perfusion rate. The elevated temperature destroys cancer cells and keeps normal cells harmless. This state-of-the-art review describes the basic physical mechanisms behind this treatment modality and recent advances in the mathematical modeling approach toward this therapy. Firstly, we throw light on different MNPs applicable in hyperthermia, heat generation mechanism, basic parameters affecting the efficiency of heating, thermophysical properties of MNPs, in vivo studies, and clinical studies. Secondly, we have discussed in detail the mathematical modeling of hyperthermia including analytical solutions, computational modeling, and prominent optimization techniques applied in thermotherapy. We shortly discuss hyperthermia integrated with chemotherapy, laser therapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. In the end, we narrate some major challenges and opportunities for hyperthermia and discussed future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermography is a fully noninvasive technique that discerns the thermal profiles of highly viable rheological parameters in heat and mass transference. In this paper, the free convection flow of viscous fluid among two vertical and parallel plates in the existence of a transverse magnetic field is investigated. The Caputo time-fractional derivative is manipulated for introducing a thermal transport equation along with a weak memory. The analytical and closed-form fractional solution for the temperature and velocity profiles are obtained through Laplace paired in conjunction with the finite Sine-Fourier transforms technique. The solution to the classical model is concluded as a special case for the solutions to the fractional modeled problem when the memory factor (the order of fractional derivative) approaches 1. Also, the solutions are stated in connection with the Mittag–Leffler function. The influences of variations of fractional and material parameters are depicted through MathCad15. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The nanofluid flow in the blood vessel is simulated during the EPR effect on COMSOL Multiphysics. • Nanofluid flowing from the blood vessels to the tumor interstitium is simulated for concentration. • Physical properties of Fe 3 O 4 MNPs immersed in Octane base fluid are computed using theoretical models. • Mesh dependent solution for the velocity of the blood vessel is investigated. • The temperature of the tumor is predicted quantitatively during heating by an external magnetic field Nanotechnology has recently gained fame for its extensive use in biomedical applications particularly in magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) of tumors. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are usually injected into the tumor either intravenously or through direct needle injection. Depending on the location of the tumor, the needle approach may not be appropriate and in the case, when the nanoflow rate is higher, it may produce cracks in the tumor. In this scenario, the intravenous approach following the enhanced permeation and retention effect (EPR) effect proves advantageous. In this paper, we have simulated the EPR effect of nanofluid flowing from blood vessels to the tumor through epithelial cells spacing and then its diffusion in the tumor interstitium using COMSOL Multiphysics. The velocity in the blood vessel and diffusion in the tumor have been simulated and analyzed using Finite Element Method (FEM) based models of Navier-Stokes equations and convection-diffusion equation. The simulation results show that the velocity and concentration are higher in the blood vessel and it decreases slowly while moving through epithelial spacing to the tumor interstitium. The heat transfer in the tumor interstitium is simulated and analyzed for temperature distribution quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Finite element model analysis of hyperthermia of poroelastic brain tumor is conducted. • An elastic impact of tumor is simulated for deformation displacement, stress, and strain analysis. • Time dependent blood perfusion is incorporated and simulated in Bio-heat transfer model. • The temperature and degree of tumor injury is predicted quantitatively. • Sensitivity of frequency and amplitude is investigated on heating effect. In this research paper, an alternative treatment protocol based on modeling and simulation approach contrary to costly and time-consuming in vivo and in vitro studies is developed for thermal therapy of poroelastic brain tumors. Instead of constant blood perfusion, the time-dependent blood perfusion is incorporated in Penne's bio-heat transfer model to investigate its behavior both in the normal and tumor tissues. The impact of parameters of amplitude and frequency of the applied magnetic field on the heating effect is investigated. All the coupled hyperthermia processes based on finite element method-based models are simulated and analyzed quantitatively using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Temperature-dependent blood perfusion increases in healthy tissue and decreases in cancerous tissue. The infusion pressure, infusion velocity, concentration, tumor temperature, and the fraction of tumor damage are maximum at the tumor center, and these decrease in moving from the center of the tumor to the radial outward direction. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modeling and simulation of the temperature distribution, the mass concentration, and the heat transfer in the breast tissue are hot issues in magnetic fluid hyperthermia treatment of cancer. The breast tissue can be visualized as a porous matrix with saturated blood. In this paper, 3D in silico study of breast cancer hyperthermia using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is conducted. The 3D FEM models are incorporated to investigate the infusion and backflow of nanofluid in the breast tumor, the diffusion of nanofluid, temperature distribution during the treatment, and prediction of the fraction of tumor necrosis while dealing with the thermal therapy. All the hyperthermia procedures are simulated and analyzed on COMSOL Multiphysics. The sensitivity of frequency and amplitude of the applied magnetic field (AMF) is investigated on the heating effect of the tumor. The mesh dependent solution of Penne's bioheat model is also analyzed. The simulated results demonstrate successful breast cancer treatment using MNPs with minimum side effects. Validation of current simulations results with experimental studies existing in literature advocates the success of our therapy. The increase in the amplitude and frequency of the AMF increases of the temperature in the tumor. The variation of mesh from coarser to finer increased the temperature through small fractions. We have also simulated the magnetic induction problem where the magnetic field is generated by current-carrying coil conductors induce heat in nearby breast tumors due to excitation of MNPs by magnetic flux. This research will aid treatment protocols and real-time clinical breast cancer treatments. Image 1 • 3D in silico study of magnetic fluid hyperthermia of breast tumor is conducted. • Infusion, diffusion, and heat transfer in breast cup are simulated on COMSOL Multiphysics. • The backflow of nanofluid and fraction of tumor necrosis in breast cup is predicted quantitatively. • The sensitivity of heating parameters and magnetic field arises due to current carrying coil to heat tumor is investigated. • Mesh dependent solution of the bioheat transfer model in breast cup is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation deals with the study of fully developed liquid layer flow along with surface tension effects, confronting a convex corner in the direction of fluid flow. At the point of interaction, the related equations are formulated using double deck structure and match asymptotic techniques. Linearized solutions for small angle are obtained analytically. The solutions corresponding to similar flow neglecting surface tension effects are also recovered as special case of our general solutions. Finally, the influence of pertinent parameters on the flow, as well as a comparison between models, are shown by graphical illustration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]