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Objective : The maxilla is formed by the medial nasal and maxillary processes fusion. The dental lamina develops from 2 origins connecting in the lateral incisor. The maxillary lateral incisor region is often affected by dental anomalies and clefting. It is possible that genes involved in oral cleft could also be associated with a variety of phenotypic variations in the maxillary lateral incisor. In this phenotype–genotype study, we explored the association between polymorphisms in the oral-cleft-related genes BMP2 and BMP4 and root curvature of maxillary lateral incisors. Design : Cross-sectional study. Settings : Universities and private clinics. Patients, Participants : Panoramic radiographs and DNA from 231 patients were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures : Schneider method (1971) was applied to estimate the degree of root curvature of the maxillary lateral incisors and to classify the root as straight (5° or less) or curved (higher than 5°). Genetic polymorphisms in BMP2 (rs235768 and rs1005464) and BMP4 (rs17563) were genotyped. Statistical analysis was performed. Results : A total of 401 teeth (199 left and 202 right) were evaluated. Genetic analysis demonstrated trends toward association for the rs1005464 in BMP2 (P =.025) in co-dominant model and in dominant model (P =.026) for left incisors. The rs235768 in BMP2 showed trends toward association with the degree of root curvature in left incisors in the recessive model (P =.031). rs17563 in BMP4 also showed trends toward association with the degree of the root curvature in left incisors (P =.019). Conclusion : BMP2 (rs235768 and rs1005464) and BMP4 (rs17563) might be involved in maxillary lateral incisor root curvature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present two null hypothesis: (1) The absence of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIEARR) in maxillary incisors during orthodontic treatment indicates that it does not occur in other teeth. (2) The teeth that don't present root resorption at the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment, they will not present until the end of treatment. Material and methods: Digital periapical X-rays of 37 patients. The periapical radiographs were evaluated following phase alignment and leveling (time 1), and at the end of orthodontic treatment (time 2). Results: Despite OIEARR was not evident in the maxillary incisors, Grade 4 resorption was evident in the maxillary and mandibular teeth. The only teeth which showed statistical significance for the incidence of OIEARR were the maxillary lateral incisors and the mandibular incisors during both periods (p<0.05). Conclusion: The null hypothesis (1) was rejected, because there was OIEARR in the other teeth despite it doesn't occur in the maxillary and mandibular incisor. The second hypothesis (2) was also rejected because there were teeth that did not present OIEARR at 6 months after the beginning of treatment and presented at the end. There was no relationship among root shape, sex, age and OIEARR; but the greater degree of crowding, the greater tendency of OIEARR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To compare the influence of two methods of agitation of endodontics irrigants, by diffusion of calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] through the dentinal tubules, measuring the pH of the medium where they were kept. Methods: Twenty mandibular incisors were prepared using a WaveOne Gold Large file, in a reciprocating movement, and then divided into (n = 10): gutta-percha cone (GPC) or Easy Clean system (ECS) agitation of 1% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The specimens were filled with Ca(OH)2 paste, placed in flasks with 4 mL of deionized water, and stored in an incubator. The pH was read using a digital pH meter immediately after storage (T0), after 7 (T1), 14 (T2), 21 (T3), and 35 (T4) days. Results: Statistical difference between groups was observed regardless of the day pH was measured (p < 0.01). From T2 on, ECS presented higher pH values in comparison with GPC, with significant difference (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Agitation of endodontic irrigants with ECS enhances the Ca(OH)2 diffusion, providing higher pH values, from the 14th day on, when compared with GPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RSBO: Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia is the property of UNIVILLE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Sella turcica is an intracranial bone depression located in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland, which is an important gland in the secretion of various hormones. Literature review: Variations in the morphology of the sella turcica can alter the morphology of the pituitary, which can lead to changes in hormone secretion and dental anomalies. There are studies that evaluate the sella turcica using metric methods and other studies that evaluate them with non-metric methods. Researchers use lateral radiographs and/or computed tomography to visualize the sella turcica. The purpose of this brief review was to revise the methods used to study sella turcica morphology in dental research. The literature search for sella turcica morphology was carried out with the following key words (sella turcica, bridging of sella, size, shape of sella turcica and sella turcica morphology) and using the search engines (Pubmed and Google scholar). According to the research, three methods of analyzing the sella turcica were observed, according to the measurements (length, width, diameter, area, depht, sella height posterior, sella height anterior), degree of calcification (class I / type I / group I, class II / type II / group II, class III / type III / group III) and format (normal sella turcica, sella turcica bridge type A – ribbon-like fusion, sella turcica bridge type B – extension of the clinoid processes, incomplete bridge, hypertrophic posterior clinoid process, hypotrophic posterior clinoid process, irregularity in the posterior part of the sella turcica, pyramidal shape of the dorsum sella, double contour of the floor, oblique anterior wall, oblique contour of the floor) of the sella turcica. Conclusion: It is expected that the three methods exposed in this review will help dental researchers to analyze sella turcica. to the measurements (length, width, diameter, area, depht, sella height posterior, sella height anterior), degree of calcification (class I / type I / group I, class II / type II / group II, class III / type III / group III) and format (normal sella turcica, sella turcica bridge type A – ribbon-like fusion, sella turcica bridge type B – extension of the clinoid processes, incomplete bridge, hypertrophic posterior clinoid process, hypotrophic posterior clinoid process, irregularity in the posterior part of the sella turcica, pyramidal shape of the dorsum sella, double contour of the floor, oblique anterior wall, oblique contour of the floor) of the sella turcica. Conclusion: It is expected that the three methods exposed in this review will help dental researchers to analyze sella turcica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RSBO: Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia is the property of UNIVILLE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RSBO: Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia is the property of UNIVILLE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To evaluate the apical extrusion of debris in flat-oval canals, using three reciprocating systems at two different working lengths (WL), 0 mm and 1 mm from the apical foramen. Methods: Ninety mandibular incisors were randomly divided into three groups based on the systems: WaveOne Gold #25.07 (WOG), ProDesign R #25.06 (PDR), and X1 Blue #25.06 (X1B). Extruded debris were collected and dried in pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. Three consecutive weighings were performed for each tube, and the mean was calculated. If the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance were not met, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the amount of extruded debris between groups with the same WL, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison within groups for each WL. Results: All groups had extruded debris, with higher median values occurring at 1 mm. No significant difference regarding the amount of debris extrusion was observed at 0 mm (p>0.05) and 1 mm (p>0.05) between groups. However, within the groups, at different WL, there was greater extrusion at 1 mm (p<0.05), with PDR differing significantly from the other systems (p<0.05). Conclusion: The extrusion of debris occurred regardless of the group, with higher values at 1 mm. However, using PDR at 1 mm from the apical foramen showed the highest values of extrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RSBO: Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia is the property of UNIVILLE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RSBO: Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia is the property of UNIVILLE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RSBO: Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia is the property of UNIVILLE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The maxilla is formed by the medial nasal and maxillary processes fusion. The dental lamina develops from 2 origins connecting in the lateral incisor. The maxillary lateral incisor region is often affected by dental anomalies and clefting. It is possible that genes involved in oral cleft could also be associated with a variety of phenotypic variations in the maxillary lateral incisor. In this phenotype-genotype study, we explored the association between polymorphisms in the oral-cleft-related genes BMP2 and BMP4 and root curvature of maxillary lateral incisors., Cross-sectional study., Universities and private clinics., Panoramic radiographs and DNA from 231 patients were analyzed., Schneider method (1971) was applied to estimate the degree of root curvature of the maxillary lateral incisors and to classify the root as straight (5° or less) or curved (higher than 5°). Genetic polymorphisms in BMP2 (rs235768 and rs1005464) and BMP4 (rs17563) were genotyped. Statistical analysis was performed., A total of 401 teeth (199 left and 202 right) were evaluated. Genetic analysis demonstrated trends toward association for the rs1005464 in BMP2 ( P   =  .025) in co-dominant model and in dominant model ( P   =  .026) for left incisors. The rs235768 in BMP2 showed trends toward association with the degree of root curvature in left incisors in the recessive model ( P   =  .031). rs17563 in BMP4 also showed trends toward association with the degree of the root curvature in left incisors ( P   =  .019)., BMP2 (rs235768 and rs1005464) and BMP4 (rs17563) might be involved in maxillary lateral incisor root curvature., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.