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The collection of insects of medical importance from the Instituto Nacional de Salud, INS (Bogotá, Colombia: https://www.ins.gov.co/Paginas/Inicio.aspx), was started in 1934 with the aim of being an institutional and national repository of the biodiversity of insects involved in vector-borne diseases of importance in public health. Today, the entomological collection includes more than 7,500 specimens.The ceratopogonid insects are one group of Diptera that are represented in this collection. Within the Ceratopogonidae, the genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 is relevant in public health because of the nuisance caused by their bites when they are presented in great abundance and because of their role as vectors of several agents (virus, protozoa and nematodes) that cause diseases to humans and to animals (Mellor et al. 2000, Mullen 2002). An overview of the Ceratopogonidae, represented in this collection, is presented here. A total of 801 individuals, mainly adults of the genus Culicoides (90%) are represented. The collection is the result of the effort of several researchers of the Group of Entomology at INS. These researchers collected ceratopogonids when they went to different transmission scenarios of vector-borne diseases in Colombia, with the purpose of making entomological characterisations including the processing, assembly and identification of the specimens in the laboratory.New information about the geographical distribution of 39 species of the genus Culicoides in Colombia. All data have been uploaded to GBIF and are publicly available there.

Abstract Open-shell nanographenes appear as promising candidates for future applications in spintronics and quantum technologies. A critical aspect to realize this potential is to design and control the magnetic exchange. Here, we reveal the effects of frontier orbital symmetries on the magnetic coupling in diradical nanographenes through scanning probe microscope measurements and different levels of theoretical calculations. In these open-shell nanographenes, the exchange energy exhibits a remarkable variation between 20 and 160 meV. Theoretical calculations reveal that frontier orbital symmetries play a key role in affecting the magnetic coupling on such a large scale. Moreover, a triradical nanographene is demonstrated for investigating the magnetic interaction among three unpaired electrons with unequal magnetic exchange, in agreement with Heisenberg spin model calculations. Our results provide insights into both theoretical design and experimental realization of nanographene materials with different exchange interactions through tuning the orbital symmetry, potentially useful for realizing magnetically operable graphene-based nanomaterials.

Our goal was to survey people with epilepsy (PWE) about their interest in and factors that may influence willingness and ability to participate in an exercise randomized controlled trial (RCT). A brief survey was administered to 100 PWE asking if they would take part in a hypothetical 6-week exercise intervention RCT. Follow-up questions queried reasons for and against participation and why participation would be difficult. Sixty-nine percent of respondents indicated willingness to participate. The top reason for participation was “to improve overall health with exercise” (n = 49). The top reason for why participation would be difficult was they “do not have a reliable source of transportation” (n = 27). The top reason for not participating was “not interested in research participation” (n = 19). Preliminary results were used to budget for transportation in a prospective RCT (NCT04959019). Of the first 27 PWE enrolled (63 % female; 44 % African American/Black), six (50 % female; 50 % African American/Black) have used the transportation service. The majority of PWE surveyed were interested in participating in an exercise RCT, but some indicated barriers. Accommodating transportation in an ongoing RCT has facilitated recruitment of PWE who would otherwise not be able to participate. Barriers to participation should be accounted for when designing studies.

This paper reports the results of a qualitative action research study conducted with children from a private Colombian institution. This study aimed to analyze the learners' cognitive and knowledge outcomes measured according to the revised Bloom's taxonomy once content and language integrated learning was implemented. Data were gathered through an interview with the learners' parents, observation, and video recordings. Results give evidence that learners develop different processes simultaneously, classified by the mentioned taxonomy. This taxonomy is a helpful approach for English learners since it allows them to perform cognitive and knowledge processes without following rigid systematic learning. As a conclusion, this implementation with children allowed participants to develop cognitive processes with greater emphasis in levels 3 and 4 (apply and analyze), whereas level 2 (understand) was developed as part of the process. Meanwhile, the factual and conceptual knowledge dimensions were strengthened. Finally, procedural, and metacognitive knowledge is developed through the implementation itself.

Desde hace décadas el marketing tiene un papel importante para el desarrollo de las empresas. Sin embargo, lo que destaca a las empresas exitosas son las prácticas de innovación que tienen una importancia creciente para la economía y desarrollo de estas y sobre todo después del inicio de la pandemia de covid-19 que ha cambiado el funcionamiento político, económico y social del mundo. En un entorno cambiante e inseguro, las empresas buscan sobrevivir y es gracias a diferentes prácticas innovadoras que lo pueden lograr. En este artículo se demuestran ejemplos de diferentes compañías del sector cafetero que gracias a sus actividades han logrado ayudar a las economías de sus países y ser un ejemplo en los tiempos de crisis.

Parkinson’s disease is currently a global public health challenge due to the rapid growth of aging populations. To understand its pathophysiology is necessary to study the functional correlation between the basal ganglia (BG) and the cerebellum, which are involved in motor control. Herein, we explored multiunit electrical activity (MUA) in the cerebellum of rats with induced Parkinsonism as a result of lesions following bilateral placement of electrodes and passing of current in the ventrolateral striatum (VLS). In one control group, the electrodes descended without electrical current, and another group was left intact in VLS. MUA was recorded in Sim B and Crus II lobes, and in the dentate nucleus (DN) during the execution of exploration behaviors (horizontal and vertical) and grooming. The lesioned and sham groups showed a decrease in MUA amplitude in the Crus II lobe compared to the intact group in all recorded behaviors. However, Sim B and DN did not express differences. Both electrical and physical insults to the VLS induced Parkinsonism, which results in less MUA in Crus II during the execution of motor behaviors. Thus, this type of Parkinsonism is associated with a decrease in the amplitude of Crus II.

El presente artículo se presenta como una propuesta y alternativa de mejoramiento sostenido al modelo logístico del astillero Corporación de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo de la Industria Naval, Marítima y Fluvial – COTECMAR. Así pues, para el desarrollo de este documento, fue necesaria la caracterización de su estado actual, para luego poder realizar la identificación de oportunidades de mejora posibles, soportando en esto las iniciativas de un modelo logístico de cara al marco normativo de un régimen franco, fundamentado en los valores de competitividad y sostenibilidad del negocio astillero naval. De esta manera, este articulo analiza el sector astillero como punto de partida, y concatena las oportunidades que brinda el régimen franco colombiano a niveles propios del sector y negocio, identificando en este las ventajas que se deberían implementar operativos claramente identificado, análisis financiero y tributario, jurídico, en comercio exterior y normativo entre otros, con su síntesis en las conclusiones y recomendaciones del presente trabajo.

Graffiti is common in many communities and even affects our historical and heritage structures. This leads to a decrease in the revenue associated with commercial activities or services (e.g., shops, restaurants, residences), and potentially reduces tourism in a region. Visual data, in the form of photographs, is becoming an efficient mechanism to record information. Photographs can be quickly captured, and are already frequently posted online by ordinary citizens (e.g., tourists, residents, visitors). Exploiting image data through automation and computer vision provides a new opportunity to simplify the current manual graffiti-monitoring processes, enabling automated detection, localization, and quantification of such markings. In this study, we developed a vision-based graffiti-detection technique using a convolutional neural network. Images collected from historical structures of interest within a community can be utilized to automatically inspect for graffiti markings. In the case in which citizens collect and contribute data, there is a high degree of duplication and repetition, and potentially a lack of GPS information. These hinder the direct use of the images for automating the process. To address these challenges, we built high-resolution, single-view façade images (orthophotos) before applying our robust graffiti detector. The robust graffiti detector was built using a database with 1022 images of damaged or contaminated structures gathered during a recent European Union project, entitled “Safeguarding Cultural Heritage through Technical and Organisational Resources Management” (STORM). A total of 818 images were used for training (10% of the training set was randomly chosen for the validation set), achieving 88% accuracy among the remaining 204 samples for testing. Using the trained detector, the technique developed was demonstrated using data collected from the Church of Agios Nikolaos (Leontariou), Kantza, Greece.

Resumo do artigo "Corridas ´meio-fundo´ e ´fundo´".

Objectives: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) blood stream infections (BSI) are a major health care problem accounting for a large percentage of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in patients with MRSA BSI. Methods: This was a retrospective study performed in Southeast Michigan. Over a 9- year period, a total of 1,168 patients were identified with MRSA BSI. Patient demographics and clinical data were retrieved and evaluated using electronic medical health records. Results: 30-day mortality during the 9-year study period was 16%. Significant risk factors for 30-day mortality were age, cancer, heart disease, neurologic disease, nursing home residence and Charlson score >3 with Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.03 (CI 1.02–1.04), 2.29 (CI 1.40–3.75), 1.78 (CI 1.20–2.63), 1.65 (CI 1.08–2.25), 1.66 (CI 1.02 − 2.70) and 1.86 (CI 1.18 − 2.95) correspondingly. Diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and readmission were protective factors for 30-day mortality with OR of 0.53 (CI 0.36–0.78), 0.46 (CI 0.26–0.84) and 0.13 (CI0.05 − 0.32) respectively. Conclusions: Our study identified significant risk factors for 30-day mortality in patients with MRSA BSI. Interestingly, diabetes mellitus, PVD and readmission were protective effects on 30-day mortality. There was no statistically significant variability in 30-day mortality over the 9-year study period.

El propósito de este documento fue reportar los beneficios de la actividad física, entrenamientointervalo y entrenamiento continuo moderado en adultos sedentarios y físicamente activos.La actividad física involucra cualquier movimiento corporal que produce un aumento en elgasto energético en el metabolismo, mientras que el entrenamiento intervalo y entrenamientocontinuo moderado puede ser utilizado para controlar el programa de cargas de entrenamiento(intensidad, volumen y pausa). Los beneficios que se han reportado cuando se realiza actividadfísica son: el incremento o mantenimiento de la condición física muscular, funciones cognitivas,cardiorespiratoria, equilibrio, peso corporal, control de la obesidad; todos ellos disminuyen losriesgos de enfermedades cardiovasculares, enfernedades crónicorrespiratorias, diabetes, presiónalterial alta, sindrome metabolico, cáncer de colon, depresión y todas las causas de mortalidad.En contraste, la falta de actividad fisica ha ha sido identificada como factor de riesgo y estáasociada a diversas enfemedades no transmisibles a nivel mundial. En este documento puntua-lizamos dos tipos de entrenamiento que han tenido aplicaciones para la salud en adultos. Estetrabajo podría ayudar a promover la salud calidad de vida de la población adulta y eliminar elsedentarismo mediante la prescripción de la actividad física para la salud.

ABSTRACT: Objective: Calcitriol excess is a less common cause of hypercalcemia than hyperparathyroidism. Hypercalcemia due to calcitriol excess is usually managed acutely with intravenous (IV) fluid administration and dietary calcium restriction. Steroids and ketoconazole are second-line agents. There is evidence supporting the role of bone resorption in the genesis of hypercalcemia in vitamin D intoxication and for a rapid response of hypercalcemia to treatment with bisphosphonates. We seek to demonstrate the utility of bisphosphonates in calcitriol-induced hypercalcemia (CIH). Methods: We present the case of a patient with recurrent CIH from a follicular lymphoma who achieved normalization and subsequent stabilization of serum calcium levels following bisphosphonate administration Results: A 77-year-old woman with a history of non-small cell lung cancer was admitted with dry mouth, polyuria, weight loss, and fatigue. She was found to have a calcium level of 14.7 mg/dL (normal range is 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL), 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 47 ng/mL (normal range is 30 to 60 ng/mL), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D of 89 pg/mL (normal range is 18 to 72 pg/mL), and parathyroid hormone of 19 pg/mL (normal range is 15 to 65 pg/mL), which recurred despite treatment with IV fluids and strict low-calcium diet. She received 5 mg of IV zoledronic acid and normocalcemia was maintained thereafter, without any diagnosis-specific treatment for >3 months. Positron emission tomography with computed tomography eventually showed new innumerable foci of increased uptake in the skeleton and lymph node biopsy revealed grade 3A follicular lymphoma. Conclusion: The first choice for CIH is treating the underlying cause. Bisphosphonates are, however, useful until a diagnosis is made, as they may be safer than steroids and can provide rapid relief even with a single treatment with minimal side effects.

BackgroundMaternal serum concentrations of folate, homocysteine, and vitamin B12 have been associated with pre-eclampsia. Nevertheless, reported studies involve limited number of cases to reliably assess the nature of these associations. Our aim was to examine the relation of these three biomarkers with pre-eclampsia risk in a large Colombian population.Materials and methodsDesign: A case-control study. Setting: Cases of pre-eclampsia and healthy pregnant controls were recruited at the time of delivery from eight different Colombian cities between 2000 and 2012. Population or Sample: 2978 cases and 4096 controls were studied. Maternal serum concentrations of folate, homocysteine, and vitamin B12 were determined in 1148 (43.6%) cases and 1300 (31.7%) controls. Also, self-reported folic acid supplementation was recorded for 2563 (84%) cases and 3155 (84%) controls. Analysis: Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for pre-eclampsia were estimated for one standard deviation (1SD) increase in log-transformed biomarkers. Furthermore, we conducted analyses to compare women that reported taking folic acid supplementation for different periods during pregnancy. Main Outcomes Measures: Odds ratio for pre-eclampsia.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders in logistic regression models, the OR for pre-eclampsia was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.90) for 1SD increase in log-folate, 1.16 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.27) for 1SD increase in log-homocysteine, and 1.10 (95%CI: 0.99, 1.22) for 1SD increase in log-vitamin B12. No interactions among the biomarkers were identified. Women who self-reported consumption of folic acid (1 mg/day) throughout their pregnancy had an adjusted OR for pre-eclampsia of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.67, 1.09) compared to women that reported no consumption of folic acid at any point during pregnancy.ConclusionsMaternal serum concentrations of folate were associated as a protective factor for pre-eclampsia while concentrations of homocysteine were associated as a risk factor. No association between maternal vitamin B12 concentrations and preeclampsia was found.

Seven potentially harmful bifunctional carbonyls were measured in particulate and gaseous phases at a roadside site and a suburban site in an area about 30 km north-northwest from Tokyo metropolitan area in the Kanto region in Japan. For the first time, these compounds were measured in both phases with a time resolution of 2 h. We found that wind direction is an important parameter that affects the collection of these compounds near the source, and it can cover the effects of other important variables. Our results confirmed that motor vehicles and especially diesel fuelled vehicles are important sources of these compounds. Photochemical generation is also an important source of these compounds in the gaseous phase. Transportation from the urban area is also important, particularly in the aerosol phase.

Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia de lesiones premalignas y malignas entre las mujeres que viven en el área demostrativa de la iniciativa CARMEN de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Metodología: Estudio trasversal de 8.015 mujeres seleccionadas al azar. Las pacientes con citología anormal fueron estudiadas y tratadas de manera individualizada según un protocolo que incluía colposcopia, biopsia o conización. Se hizo correlación histopatológica con las variables sociodemográficas y la historia sexual y reproductiva. Resultados: 8.071 mujeres contestaron la encuesta, pero solo 2.698 tenía una citología reciente (34,9%; IC 95% 17,2%-29,8%); 1.660 actualizaron su citología. 2,2% de estas fueron positivas, siendo más alta entre las mujeres que viven con otras mujeres adultas. La prevalencia de lesiones premalignas y malignas del cuello uterino fue 1,1% (IC 95% 0,8%-1,4%). Las mujeres con lesiones cervicales premalignas o malignas eran más jóvenes, habían iniciado relaciones sexuales más temprano y habían tenido más compañeros sexuales que las mujeres sanas. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de lesiones cervicales premalignas y malignas es superior a la que se informa en otras partes del mundo, mientras que la cobertura de citología cérvicovaginal es muy baja. Es necesario intensificar las actividades que buscan la detección temprana de cáncer cervical.

Objective: Establishing the prevalence of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions amongst women living in the CARMEN initiative demonstration area, Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 8,015 randomly selected women. Patients having abnormal cytology results received individualised diagnosis/treatment (colposcopy, biopsy, or conisation). Histopathological findings were correlated with demographical data and their sexual and reproductive history. Results: 8,071 women answered the survey but only 2,698 had up-to-date Pap smears (34.9%; 95%CI 17.2%-29.8%); 1,660 accepted updating their smears. 2.2% (95%CI 1.8%-2.6%) had Pap smears positive for cervical lesions, this being higher in those living with more mature women. Pre-malignant and malignant cervical lesion prevalence was 1.1% (95%CI 0.8%-1.4%). Women with pre-malignant or malignant cervical lesions were younger, had begun their sexual intercourse earlier and had had more sexual partners than healthy women. Conclusions: Pre-malignant and malignant cervical lesion prevalence is higher than in other parts of the world. Pap smear coverage is very low. Early detection of cervical cancer must be intensified.Objetivo: Establecer la prevalencia de lesiones premalignas y malignas entre las mujeres que viven en el área demostrativa de la iniciativa CARMEN de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Metodología: Estudio trasversal de 8.015 mujeres seleccionadas al azar. Las pacientes con citología anormal fueron estudiadas y tratadas de manera individualizada según un protocolo que incluía colposcopia, biopsia o conización. Se hizo correlación histopatológica con las variables sociodemográficas y la historia sexual y reproductiva Resultados: 8.071 mujeres contestaron la encuesta, pero solo 2.698 tenía una citología reciente (34,9%; IC 95% 17,2%-29,8%); 1.660 actualizaron su citología. 2,2% de estas fueron positivas, siendo más alta entre las mujeres que viven con otras mujeres adultas. La prevalencia de lesiones premalignas y malignas del cuello uterino fue 1,1% (IC 95% 0,8%-1,4%). Las mujeres con lesiones cervicales premalignas o malignas eran más jóvenes, habían iniciado relaciones sexuales más temprano y habían tenido más compañeros sexuales que las mujeres sanas. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de lesiones cervicales premalignas y malignas es superior a la que se informa en otras partes del mundo, mientras que la cobertura de citología cérvicovaginal es muy baja. Es necesario intensificar las actividades que buscan la detección temprana de cáncer cervical.

Many social, cultural and family factors, deeply affect all pregnantadolescents. Therefore a strong support from their families, isurgently needed. Objective: To establish among pregnant adolescents,their demographic, social and family characteristics. Theseteenagers attend a primary care clinic at the City of Bucaramanga.Methods: Cross-sectional study using a self-applied questionnaire.Results: We analyze 336 pregnant adolescents, mean age 17 years(range 13 to 19). Most of them were having their first pregnancy.The mean age for their first sexual relations was at 15 years of age.65.5% of them said they had only one sexual partner. 62.2% werelife partners. 52.15% had or were attending high school. 61.6% hadsome information about pregnancy planning. 31.44 had informationfrom their school. 66.2% followed no planning at all. 59.0% washoping to get pregnant. 26.1% of them had experienced interfamilyviolence and 33.8% said they had a sister with pregnancy duringadolescence. Discussion: an important number of adolescentswant to get pregnant and establish a new home with their partners.Basically they try to get away from their violent original homes. Their partners are usually, older than the adolescent pregnant is. Most of the partners accept, worry, support and have stable relations during the girl’s pregnancy. A good and sound control for preventing teenage-pregnancy should be implemented in family programs for pregnancy planning, including prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cytology

Extrapelvic endometriosis is the presence of endometrialtissue distant of the uterus. The diagnosis is delay because itsprevalence is unknown and the clinic signs have many variations.Clinic suspicion is fundamental and is based in cyclic symptomsassociated with the menstrual period. Three clinic cases, one inthe cesarean scar, and two in the episiotomy scar and a review ofEnglish and Spanish publications in Medline, Proquest and Ovid are present

A prenatal control is a very important tool, in order to detect, during pregnancy, all the potential risk factors, that the mother may suffer. Some of them are preventable or even treatable, in order to have a healthy mother, as well as a healthy child. By doing this we may keep a morbility and mortality rates, as well as perinatal complications, as low as possible. Those are the indicators for maternal-child health that are routinely measured in both, developed and developing Countries.We present a model of Prenatal Attention, adjusted to Colombiansocial security, which may restrict medicines, laboratory exams andthe like. This model may allow the physician in charge of prenatalcare to attend two patients with the same cost of one patient, according to the parameters implemented by the Colombian SocialWalfare Secretary.

El cáncer del cuello uterino es una de las neoplasias malignas de mayor incidencia y mortalidad entre las mujeres de todas partes del mundo, hallazgo que resulta paradójico si se tiene en cuenta que el cuello uterino es de fácil acceso y existen estrategias debidamente probadas que permiten un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz. En esta revisión se describe detalladamente la epidemiología del cáncer del cuello uterino, en especial los factores de riesgo relacionados con la génesis de la neoplasia y su diagnóstico tardío.Cervical cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms and one of the most common causes of death among women of reproductive age in the world. These figures are paradoxical if we consider that uterine cervix is easily accessible and that there are proven strategies to early diagnosis and effective treatments. In this paper we provide a detailed review of the epidemiology of cervical cancer, with emphasis on related risk factors associated with carcinogenesis and delayed diagnosis.

Introducción: la adherencia a las recomendaciones para la tamización de sífilis en mujeres gestantes es fundamental en la prevención de lúes congénita. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la frecuencia de solicitud de prueba no treponémica y reactividad en mujeres que cursan con aborto. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal basado en el registro de pacientes que atendieron a la consulta de urgencias de obstetricia del Hospital Local del Norte de Bucaramanga entre enero 1º y diciembre 31 de 2011, y que tuvieron un diagnóstico de aborto. En estas pacientes se determinó la prevalencia de solicitud de la prueba no treponémica (VDRL), así como de resultados reactivos. Resultados: en el periodo de estudio se identificaron 233 mujeres con diagnóstico confirmado de aborto. La edad promedio fue de 24,2 ± 7,3 años, con una edad gestacional de 9,1 ± 3,3 semanas. Se documentó evidencia de solicitud de prueba no treponémica en 135 pacientes (57,9%; IC 95%: 51,6-64,3) de las cuales 5 (3,7%; IC 95%: 0,5-6,9) tuvieron resultados reactivos: 1 con títulos de 1:2; 3 con títulos de 1:4, y 1 con títulos de 1:32. Conclusión: pese a las recomendaciones vigentes, la prevalencia de solicitud de prueba no treponémica en pacientes con aborto es baja. Lo anterior evidencia la necesidad de concientizar al personal de salud acerca de la importancia de cumplir a cabalidad el protocolo de atención a la gestante.

Este artículo busca identificar los principales rasgos del desempeño de la industria argentina de bienes de capital desde una perspectiva de mediano plazo. En particular, se hace eje en los aspectos distintivos de la trayectoria sectorial verificada durante la década de los noventa, cuando estuvo en plena vigencia el modelo neoliberal y se atacó al sector de muy diversas maneras y en la fase de la posconvertibilidad iniciada formalmente a comienzos del año 2002 y que dio lugar a un importante ciclo expansivo de la actividad económica con un rol destacado de la industria manufacturera.

The collection of insects of medical importance from the Instituto Nacional de Salud, INS (Bogotá, Colombia: https://www.ins.gov.co/Paginas/Inicio.aspx), was started in 1934 with the aim of being an institutional and national repository of the biodiversity of insects involved in vector-borne diseases of importance in public health. Today, the entomological collection includes more than 7,500 specimens. The ceratopogonid insects are one group of Diptera that are represented in this collection. Within the Ceratopogonidae, the genus Culicoides Latreille, 1809 is relevant in public health because of the nuisance caused by their bites when they are presented in great abundance and because of their role as vectors of several agents (virus, protozoa and nematodes) that cause diseases to humans and to animals (Mellor et al. 2000, Mullen 2002). An overview of the Ceratopogonidae, represented in this collection, is presented here. A total of 801 individuals, mainly adults of the genus Culicoides (90%) are represented. The collection is the result of the effort of several researchers of the Group of Entomology at INS. These researchers collected ceratopogonids when they went to different transmission scenarios of vector-borne diseases in Colombia, with the purpose of making entomological characterisations including the processing, assembly and identification of the specimens in the laboratory. New information: New information about the geographical distribution of 39 species of the genus Culicoides in Colombia. All data have been uploaded to GBIF and are publicly available there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]