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From a historical and cultural perspective, Lima, the capital of Peru, is a city of many contrasts whose past is inextricably intertwined with its present and future prosperity. Lima, like all Latin American cities, has a rich history that can be forgotten if its citizens fail to cherish it. Therefore, the literary works of different Peruvian authors and especially those of Raúl Porras Barrenechea are especially relevant: they are full of nostalgia, yet at the same time take a critical approach to the city’s history, which helps us contemplate Lima’s place in the world and the best course for its future development as the city is constantly transforming. Lima, a city of creole and mestizo origins, is a space that invites us to reflect on how it seeks to live up to its traditions and cultural legacy. From a contemporary city dweller’s point of view, citizens and authorities should work together to achieve greater prosperity and improve the quality of life, which is important for the future of not only Lima, but also Peru and Latin America.

Background Current injury prevention programmes in football are limited by a one-size-fits-all approach, which predominantly focuses on preventive exercise programmes while ignoring differences in risk profiles between individuals and teams.Objective To address this gap, we developed a new data-driven, customisable approach based on the principles of risk management. We collaborated with key stakeholders to identify focus areas for injury and illness prevention and determine their priorities.Setting The team medical and coaching staff included members from 17 professional football clubs, the national team and a youth football academy in Qatar.Methods In 2015, we launched a series of annual workshops under the Aspetar Sports Injury and Illness Prevention Programme. The workshops included club medical personnel and fitness coaches in a process to develop team-specific programmes for injury and illness prevention based on the principle of risk management. Over 2 years, workshops refined focus areas through discussions, surveys and small-group presentations, culminating in the creation a novel programme for football injury prevention.Results Out of 44 focus areas first identified, 23 were selected as priorities for inclusion in multimodal injury and illness prevention programmes. The identified focus areas represent a variety of aspects, including social/behavioural/lifestyle, exercise programmes/training, load management, recovery and equipment. The top priorities included communication, the Nordic hamstring exercise, training load, recovery strategies, nutrition, sleep, warm-up, the Copenhagen adduction exercise and core and dynamic stability.Conclusion We have developed a comprehensive framework for preventing injuries and illnesses in football grounded in the general principles of risk management. This framework has proven feasible and led to the creation of a new multicomponent programme, The Aspetar IP2 (Injury and Illness Prevention for Performance) NetWork, focusing on a range of areas beyond preventive exercise programmes only.

Background/Objectives: Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) induces profound immunosuppression, significantly increasing susceptibility to severe infections. This review examines vaccinations’ necessity, timing, and efficacy post-HCT to reduce infection-related morbidity and mortality. It aims to provide a structured protocol aligned with international and national recommendations. Methods: A systematic review of current guidelines and studies was conducted to assess vaccination strategies in HCT recipients. The analysis included the timing of vaccine administration, factors influencing efficacy, and contraindications. Recommendations for pre- and post-transplant vaccination schedules were synthesised, specifically for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), immunosuppressive therapy, and hypogammaglobulinemia. Results: Vaccination is essential as specific immunity is often lost after HCT. Inactivated vaccines are recommended to commence three months post-transplant, including influenza, COVID-19, and pneumococcal vaccines. Live attenuated vaccines remain contraindicated for at least two years post-transplant and in patients with ongoing GVHD or immunosuppressive therapy. Factors such as GVHD and immunosuppressive treatments significantly impact vaccine timing and efficacy. The review also underscores the importance of pre-transplant vaccinations and ensuring that patients’ close contacts are adequately immunised to reduce transmission risks. Conclusions: Implementing a structured vaccination protocol post-HCT is critical to improving patient outcomes. Timely and effective vaccination strategies can mitigate infection risks while addressing individual patient factors such as GVHD and immunosuppression. This review highlights the need for tailored vaccination approaches to optimize immune reconstitution in HCT recipients.

O vírus citomegálico (CMV) é um tipo de vírus de ácido desoxirribonucleico de dupla cadeia que pertence à família herpesviridae. Após uma infeção primária, o vírus torna-se latente em vários tipos de glóbulos brancos. A infeção por CMV pode permanecer latente ou tornar-se ativa, especialmente em indivíduos imunodeprimidos, como aqueles submetidos a transplantes de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas (TPH), onde a reativação do CMV pode ocorrer. Neste contexto, a infeção por CMV é comum e associada a elevadas taxas de morbilidade e mortalidade. A pneumonite é uma das complicações mais graves, com taxas de mortalidade superiores a 50%. Além disso, mesmo na ausência de doença específica do órgão, a infeção por CMV está relacionada com um aumento da mortalidade não relacionada com a recidiva da neoplasia hematológica. Dada a frequência e gravidade desta infeção em doentes submetidos a TPH, é crucial implementar estratégias eficazes de monitorização, prevenção e tratamento. Este protocolo foi desenvolvido para identificar os grupos de doentes que se beneficiam de uma abordagem sistematizada para a infeção por CMV e definir a estratégia mais adequada para cada grupo. A monitorização da carga viral de CMV no sangue periférico é fundamental, especialmente em doentes com risco moderado a elevado de infeção ativa. A profilaxia primária com letermovir (fármaco antiviral) é recomendada para reduzir a incidência de infeção ativa, especialmente em doentes com alto risco. A profilaxia secundária com valganciclovir (fármaco antiviral) é recomendada após um episódio de infeção ativa, enquanto o tratamento de antecipação e de doença é baseado na monitorização da carga viral e na resposta clínica. Este protocolo visa melhorar a abordagem da infeção por CMV em doentes submetidos a TPH, garantindo uma abordagem preventiva e terapêutica eficaz e segura.

The Atlantic Forest harbors the world’s greatest diversity of harvestmen. However, this biome is highly modified and fragmented, negatively impacting biodiversity. Thus, the present study aimed to inventory the harvestmen fauna in the Fernão Dias Environmental Protection Area (Fernão Dias EPA), in southern Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The study was conducted in the municipality of Gonçalves, within the Fernão Dias EPA. Harvestmen sampling took place from October 2019 to March 2020. A total of 265 individuals from 24 species and morphospecies were collected. Reported six new species for the state: Acanthogonyleptes singularis (Mello-Leitão, 1935), Ampheres luteus (Giltay, 1928), Meteusarcoides caudatus (Piza, 1940), Ogloblinia intermedia (Soares, 1944), Megapachylus anomalus (Mello-Leitão, 1922), and Gonyleptes pseudogranulatus (Soares, 1946). This underscores the importance of the Fernão Dias EPA for the protection of the harvestmen fauna in the state of Minas Gerais.

The Namib Desert is characterized by a number of abiotic stresses, including high temperature, high salinity, osmotic pressure, alkaline pH, and limited water availability. In such environments, dry soils typically exhibit a low water potential, scarce nutrients, and high concentrations of dissolved ions, collectively creating a challenging habitat for microbial life. In this study, 89 bacterial isolates belonging to 20 genera were identified. Bacteria demonstrated significant osmotolerance, with some strains thriving at polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations exceeding 20%. Furthermore, these bacteria demonstrated halotolerance, high pH tolerance, and capacity to produce plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits under conditions of osmotic stress. Osmotolerant bacteria exhibited higher proficiency in siderophore production, potassium solubilization, and phosphorus solubilization, all of which are critical for supporting plant growth in nutrient-scarce and stressful environments, such as deserts. However, alginate production was higher in isolates that were less osmotolerant, indicating the potential for a compensatory mechanism in strains that were more sensitive. These findings highlight the complex strategies employed by desert bacteria to survive and support host plants in extreme environments. The present study not only enhances our understanding of microbial adaptations in arid ecosystems, but also provides important information for the development of potential applications for these bacteria in the reclamation of arid land and agricultural practices aimed at improving crop resilience to abiotic stress.

Introduction: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a potentially severe entity, particularly in hemato-oncologic patients who have higher incidence of colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Discrepancies among guidelines contribute to divergence in antimicrobial practices. Our objective was to assess the variation of practices in antimicrobial therapy in high-risk FN among Portuguese hematologists. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study through the implementation of an online survey, open to all clinical hematologists in the country. To characterize practice patterns regarding critical elements in FN management, three clinical vignettes were designed to describe typical situations where narrow-spectrum empiric antibiotics (vignette 1), short-course therapy (vignette 2) and de-escalation (vignette 3) could be performed. The remaining questions characterized clinical experience, department size, and differentiation and decision-making process regarding FN antibiotic therapy. Results: The survey yielded 31 responses from 11 hospitals across four regions. All respondents opted for empiric narrow-spectrum antibiotics, 22.6% opted for short-course therapy (mostly senior specialists from larger settings) and 35.5% for de-escalation (mostly young specialists). Availability of an FN protocol seemed to favor both approaches. These findings should be complemented by qualitative assessments of barriers to best practices and should support the need for interventions to improve antibiotic use in febrile neutropenia.

Percutaneous mitral valve commissurotomy (PMC) is a viable alternative to mitral valve (MV) surgery in the treatment of patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis (RMS). In this single-center retrospective study of consecutive patients with RMS submitted to PMC from 1991 to 2008, we analyzed clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic data and events during follow-up (FUP) until December 2021. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were a combined endpoint of all-cause death, cardiovascular hospitalization, and MV re-intervention. A total of 124 patients were enrolled: 108 (87.1%) were female, with a mean age at PMC of 46 [standard deviation (SD) 11] years. PMC was successful in 91.1%, with a mean reduction in invasive transmitral pressure gradient (TMPG) of 8 (SD 7) mmHg at PMC time. During the mean FUP of 20 (SD 6) years, 51 (41.1%) patients had MV re-intervention (86.3% surgery and 13.7% redo-PMC), 37 (29.8%) were hospitalized, and 30 (24.2%) died. Approximately 75% of patients remained MACE-free after 10 years, and this percentage decreased to around 40% after 20 years; at this time mark, about 8 in 10 patients were alive. A reduction of

Soil is an environment with numerous niches, where bacteria are exposed to diverse conditions. Some bacteria are exposed earlier than others to pressure, and the emission of signals that other bacteria can receive and perceive may allow a better response to an eminent stimulus. To shed light on how bacteria trigger their response and adapt to changes in the environment, the intra- and interspecific influences of volatiles on bacterial strains growing under non-stressed and cadmium-stressed conditions were assessed. Each strain was exposed to its volatiles emitted by cells growing under different conditions to test whether the environment in which a cell grows influences neighboring cells. The five genera tested showed different responses, with Rhizobium displaying the greatest influence. In a second experiment, 13 strains from different genera were grown under control conditions but exposed to volatiles released by Cd-stressed Rhizobium cells to ascertain whether Rhizobium’s observed influence was strain-specific or broader. Our results showed that the volatiles emitted by some bacteria under stress are differentially perceived and translated into biochemical changes (growth, alteration of the antioxidant response, and oxidative damage) by other bacteria, which may increase the adaptability and resilience of bacterial communities to environmental changes, especially those with a prooxidant nature. Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soils constitutes a risk to the environment and human health. Here, we showed the effects of Cd exposure on bacteria and how volatile communication influences the biochemistry related to coping with oxidative stress. This knowledge can be important for remediation and risk assessment and highlights that new biological features, such as volatile communication, should be considered when studying and assessing the impact of contaminants on soil ecosystems.

Background: Mastitis is the most important disease in dairy cattle with impact in welfare of animals and the economy of the dairy farming activity. Attempts have been made to produce vaccines to prevent the disease, however results have been dubious. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the mastitis vaccination in dairy cattle by merging several trials to allow evidence synthesis. Methods: A list of publications with common methodological grounds was selected to allow a quantitative comparison in a meta-analysis with moderators. Results: A mixed methods model (P< 0.001), with four significant moderators was successfully fitted: "year of publication" (P< 0.001), "vaccination timing" (P< 0.01), "type of animal" (P< 0.001) and "vaccine fabrication" (P< 0.001). The model is homogeneous (P> 0.05), with the moderators explaining the variability. Efficacy decreases over time. Vaccines applied after calving show inefficacy (log risk ratio 1.72 [1.34, 2.21]), and applied before calving show reduced efficacy (log risk ratio 0,86 [0.72, 1.03]). Commercial vaccines don't show efficacy (log risk ratio 1,07 [0.94, 1.22]). Self-fabricated vaccines show efficacy (log risk ratio [0.51, 0.94]. Conclusion: Full clarification of efficacy is not shown; however, if vaccination is used, must follow a pre-calving protocol. While not showing efficacy, the vaccination has demonstrated a reduction of the severity in clinical cases, rate of culling, and has increased the production of milk and milk solids. Vaccination may improve health and welfare but does not prevent the disease effectively; It must be seen as an additional tool to the traditional preventive measures. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(2.000): 179-187]

In recent decades, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) emerged and spread among humans and animals worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the presence of ARB and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the raw sewage of two hospitals in Brazil. Sewage aliquots were inoculated in a selective medium with antibiotics. Bacterial identification was performed by MALDI-TOF and ARGs were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 208 strains from both hospitals were isolated (H1 = 117; H2 = 91). A wide variety of Enterobacterales and non-Enterobacterales species were isolated and most of them were Enterobacter spp. (13.0%), Proteus mirabilis (10.1%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.6%). blaTEM and blaKPC were the most frequent β-lactamase-encoding genes and the predominant macrolide resistance genes were mph(A) and mel. Many species had the three tetracycline resistance genes (tetD, tetM, tetA) and strB was the prevalent aminoglycoside resistance gene. Two Staphylococcus haemolyticus strains had the mecA gene. Quinolone, colistin, and vancomycin resistance genes were not found. This study showed that hospital raw sewage is a great ARB and ARG disseminator. Strict monitoring of hospital sewage treatment is needed to avoid the spread of these genes among bacteria in the environment. HIGHLIGHTS Diverse Enterobacterales and non-Enterobacterales species have antibiotic resistance genes, including traditionally environmental bacteria.; ESBL-encoding (blaTEM) and carbapenemase genes (blaKPC) were found in hospital raw sewage.; Multiple macrolide and tetracycline resistance genes were reported.; Hospitals contribute to ARB and ARG dissemination to the municipal sewage system.;

Ischaemic stroke (IS) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are two forms of thromboembolism that, although distinct, seem to share numerous risk factors. Concerning genetic risk factors, while many VTE genetic markers have been reported, inclusively by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the identification and validation of genetic determinants underlying IS pathogenesis have been challenging. Considering that IS and VTE shared biological pathways and aetiological factors, the severity of IS might be also influenced by VTE-related genetic variants. Thus, the present study was designed to analyse the impact of six VTE GWAS-identified genetic variants on the clinical outcome of 363 acute IS patients. Results revealed that the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) F11 rs4253417 was an independent predictor of the 5-year risk of death among patients with total anterior circulation infarct (TACI). Namely, the ones carrying the SNP C allele presented a fourfold increase in the 5-year risk of death compared to TT genotype carriers (CC/CT vs. TT; adjusted HR, 4.240; 95% CI, 1.260–14.270; P = 0.020). This SNP is known to be associated with coagulation factor XI (FXI) levels, thus with implications in haemostasis and inflammation. As such, F11 rs4253417 might be a promising prognostic biomarker among TACI patients to aid in clinical decision-making. However, additional investigation is required to confirm the study's results and dissect the underlying mechanisms.

Metasarcidae Kury, 1994 (Gonyleptoidea) is exclusively distributed in the Andean region of South America, from northern Peru to southern Bolivia. This contribution reviews the family using traditional taxonomy and cladistics. The cladistic analysis is based on total evidence (TE), maximum likelihood (ML) and direct optimization of molecular and morphological characters. The data matrix is composed of DNA sequences from three mitochondrial loci (12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and COI), from two nuclear loci (28S rRNA and H3) and 68 phenotypic characters. The dataset consists of 25 ingroup terminals (representing 20 species of the family) and eight outgroup species. The parsimony analysis resulted in one most parsimonious tree (L=4910) that recovered a monophyletic Metasarcidae, sister-group of Cosmetidae. As a result of the taxonomic revision and cladistic hypothesis, a new classification is proposed with six genera and 38 valid species of Metasarcidae, of which two genera and 20 species are described for the first time. Additionally, the following are established: six generic name synonymies; four species synonymies; seven new species combinations; and three secondary homonym species names replaced.

Topology optimization has evidenced its capacity to provide new optimal designs in many different disciplines. However, most novel methods are difficult to apply in commercial software, limiting their use in the academic field and hindering their application in the industry. This article presents a new open methodology for solving geometrically complex non-self-adjoint topology optimization problems, including stress-constrained and stress minimization formulations, using validated FEM commercial software. The methodology was validated by comparing the sensitivity analysis with the results obtained through finite differences and solving two benchmark problems with the following optimizers: Optimality Criteria, Method of Moving Asymptotes, Sequential Least-Squares Quadratic Programming (SLSQP), and Trust-constr optimization algorithms. The SLSQP and Trust-constr optimization algorithms obtained better results in stress-minimization problem statements than the methodology available in ABAQUS®. A Python implementation of this methodology is proposed, working in conjunction with the commercial software ABAQUS® 2023 to allow a straightforward application to new problems while benefiting from a graphic user interface and validated finite element solver.

A síndrome do canal cárpico (SCC) é a mononeuropatia compressiva mais frequente na prática clínica, com maior prevalência no sexo feminino. Manifesta-se por dor e parestesia na área de distribuição do nervo mediano, geralmente de predomínio noturno. O diagnóstico baseia-se na anamnese e exame objetivo, sendo complementado com os estudos de condução nervosa e eletromiografia. Os testes de Phalen e Tinnel são manobras provocatórias, sugestivas de SCC. Quanto ao tratamento, nos casos ligeiros pode-se optar por uma abordagem conservadora; nos casos moderados a graves, ou falência do tratamento conservador, está indicado o tratamento cirúrgico. O objetivo deste trabalho é rever as principais diretrizes no que diz respeito à abordagem e tratamento do SCC. O médico de família encontra-se numa posição privilegiada para o diagnóstico e tratamento das manifestações clínicas do SCC. Todas as intervenções devem ser feitas no sentido de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos doentes e obter ganhos em saúde. Poderá ser necessária uma abordagem multidisciplinar, através de uma colaboração ativa entre os Cuidados de Saúde Primários e Secundários.

A cardiopatia isquémica é a principal causa isolada de morte em todo o mundo. O diagnóstico diferencial de dor torácica engloba patologia cardíaca e não cardíaca, sendo de extrema importância a identificação precoce de síndromes coronárias agudas (SCA), que se manifestam por dor anginosa, tipicamente com duração superior a 20-30 minutos, de início ou agravamento recentes. Para o diagnóstico de SCA, é necessário realizar um eletrocardiograma (ECG) e pesquisa de marcadores de necrose miocárdica. O presente caso clínico descreve a história de um homem de 58 anos com risco cardiovascular muito elevado, que, numa consulta de rotina, apresentava dor torácica com características de angina em crescendo, tendo sido referenciado para o serviço de urgência da área de residência, onde realizou exames complementares de diagnóstico, que foram compatíveis com síndrome de Wellens. Perante um doente com dor torácica, é fundamental excluir SCA, dado o potencial risco de morbimortalidade, caso não seja diagnosticado e tratado atempadamente. Para tal, é essencial realizar uma anamnese detalhada com enfoque nas características da dor, assim como a execução e interpretação rápida do ECG.

We present a molecular phylogenetic analysis including a survey for overlooked phenotypic characters. Based on both analysis and characters a new cave-dwelling species is described: Tityus (Tityus) spelaeus sp. nov. from the Russão II cave, Posse, state of Goiás, Central Brazil. Characters such as the glandular regions of the female pectinal basal piece and basal middle lamellae of pectines, and the distribution of the ventral setae of telotarsi I–IV proved to be useful to constructing the taxonomy of species and species groups of Tityus. The new species is a member of the Tityus trivittatus species-group of Tityus (Tityus) and can be readily recognized by the immaculate coloration pattern and the more developed glandular region on the female pectinal basal piece. In addition, we provide a discussion of the phylogenetic relationships observed within Tityus, on the relevance of the new phenotypic characters to the modern taxonomy of the genus Tityus, and to the records of Brazilian cave scorpions.

COVID-19 pandemic has unquestionably influenced care of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Still, its impact on patients (pts) characteristics, presentation, treatment, and outcomes remains not well established in late pandemic times. To address this issue, we performed a prospective study of type-1 AMI pts admitted in a tertiary care hospital. Pts were enrolled during 6-months in 2019 (n=122; pre-COVID-19 (PC) group) and in 2021 (n=196; late-COVID-19 (C) group). Data was based on pts interview and review of medical records. Age and gender distribution, as well as ST/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI/NSTEMI) proportion and access to coronariography and revascularization were similar between groups. C pts presented more pre-existing established cardiovascular disease (CVD) (43% vs 30%; p=0,03); more frequent description of typical chest pain (94% vs 84%; p=0,002); higher levels of pain intensity, in a 0-10 scale (8±2 vs 7±2; p=0,02); higher frequencies of AMI complications (27% vs 15%; p=0,01) and worse Killip (K) class evolution (K≥2 in 22% C vs 13% PC pts; p=0,05). In conclusion, late pandemic AMI pts presented worse in-hospital outcomes in our study, though pre-hospital and hospital care were comparable to pre-pandemic times. Covid pts had a higher burden of pre-existing established CVD and a more typical and intense symptom presentation. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that "sicker" pts continued to look for help when presenting AMI symptoms, while "less sick" pts and the ones with less typical and intense symptoms possibly avoided contact with health care services during late pandemic period.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of impressions made using two different silicones and corresponding stone casts in full-arch implant rehabilitation, using two laboratory scanners. A master model with six dental implants was created, scanned with a 12-megapixel scanner and used as digital master model. Ten implant impressions were obtained via two silicone impressions systems—Coltene® and Zhermack®—using the open-tray technique and poured gypsum. Two extraoral scanning systems (S600 ARTI Zirkonzhan® and Identica T500 Medit®) were used to scan the impressions and stone casts. Best-fit superimpositions were conducted between the master model and the virtual models obtained. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered. The accuracy of the Medit® scanner was 82.26 [53.18; 111.34] µm for Coltene® silicone and 87.43 [72.00; 102.86] µm for Zhermack® silicone, and the accuracy of the Zirkonzhan® scanner was 69.90 [62.37; 77.43] µm for Coltene® silicone and 80.67 [65.77; 95.57] µm for Zhermack® silicone, without significant differences between scanners. When comparing the two silicones, no significant differences were found for the Medit® (p = 0.112) or Zirkonzhan® scanners (p = 0.162). The Zhermack® scanner showed better accuracy than the corresponding stone casts in the two scanners, Medit® (p = 0.019) and Zirkonzahn® (p = 0.002). The extraoral digitalization of impressions in edentulous dental arches with six implants proves to be a valid technique.

Abstract Background This study describes the investigation of an outbreak of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HC), and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) at a daycare center in southeastern Brazil, involving fourteen children, six staff members, six family members, and one nurse. All bacterial and viral pathogens detected were genetically characterized. Results Two isolates of a strain of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O111:H8 were recovered, one implicated in a case of HUS and the other in a case of uncomplicated diarrhea. These isolates had a clonal relationship of 94% and carried the stx2a and eae virulence genes and the OI-122 pathogenicity island. The EHEC strain was determined to be a single-locus variant of sequence type (ST) 327. EHEC isolates were resistant to ofloxacin, doxycycline, tetracycline, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and intermediately resistant to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Rotavirus was not detected in any samples, and norovirus was detected in 46.7% (14/30) of the stool samples, three of which were from asymptomatic staff members. The noroviruses were classified as the recombinant GII.4 Sydney [P16] by gene sequencing. Conclusion In this outbreak, it was possible to identify an uncommon stx2a + EHEC O111:H8 strain, and the most recent pandemic norovirus strain GII.4 Sydney [P16]. Our findings reinforce the need for surveillance and diagnosis of multiple enteric pathogens by public health authorities, especially during outbreaks.

Species of the genus Sadocus Sørensen, 1886 are conspicuous gonyleptids that occur in Chile and Argentina. Here, the genus is revised for the first time and the cladistic analysis based on morphological characters does not corroborate its monophyly unless a phylogenetically unrelated species is excluded (explained further on). A new classification is proposed for the seven species left in the genus and considered valid, of the 13 nominal species previously recognized. Two out of the seven valid species are considered as species inquirendae: Sadocus allermayeri (Mello-Leitão, 1945) [= Carampangue allermayeri Mello-Leitão, 1945] and Sadocus nigronotatus (Mello-Leitão, 1943) [= Carampangue nigronotatum Mello-Leitão, 1943]. The following synonymies are proposed: Sadocus bicornis (Gervais, 1849) [original combination = Gonyleptes bicornis Gervais, 1849] is a junior synonym of Sadocus asperatus (Gervais, 1847) [= Gonyleptes asperatus Gervais, 1847]; Sadocus conspicillatus Roewer, 1913, Sadocus exceptionalis (Mello-Leitão, 1946) [= Araucanoleptes exceptionalis Mello-Leitão, 1946] and Sadocus guttatus Sørensen, 1902 are junior synonyms of the valid name Sadocus polyacanthus (Gervais, 1847) [= Gonyleptes polyacanthus Gervais, 1847]; and Sadocus calcar (Roewer, 1913) [= Lycomedes calcar Roewer, 1913] is a junior synonym of the valid name Gonyleptes horridus Kirby, 1819. Sadocus brasiliensis Soares & Soares, 1949 is not congeneric with Argentinean/Chilean species of the genus according to the cladistic analysis and is here synonymized with Discocyrtus catharinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1923 [= Sadocus catharinensis Mello-Leitão, 1923]).

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the mediating effect of psychopathology between childhood adversity and trauma and quality of life (QOL) in adolescents. The second aim of the study was testing the moderation by social support of this mediation effect.Methods: Self-reports of childhood adversity and trauma, QOL, social support, and psychopathology were collected from 150 Portuguese adolescents' who had been exposed to at least one traumatic event or one childhood adversity (Mage = 16.89, SD = 1.32). The surveys were administered at two time points with an approximate time interval of 1 year.Results: Indirect effects were observed for depression (B = −0.33, CI [−0.62, −0.11]), somatization (B = −0.52, CI [−0.82, −0.23]), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (B = −0.23, CI [−0.45, −0.01]), but not for anxiety (B = 0.20, CI [−0.08, 0.50]). A moderated mediation was found between social support and depression (B = −0.10, CI [−16, −0.04]), and PTSS (B = 0.03, CI [−0.1, −0.05]), but not for somatization (B = −0.02, CI [−0.8, 0.05]).Conclusions: We found that depression and somatization were strong mediators of the relationship between adversity/trauma and QOL, whereas PTSS was moderately mediated this relationship. Anxiety did not mediate this relationship. The moderated-mediation effect of social support was only found for depression and PTSS. The improvement of QOL in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity and trauma should include the assessment of psychopathology symptoms and social support, with the aim of identifying risk and protective factors.

The type species of Mischonyx Bertkau 1880, Mischonyx squalidus, was described based on a juvenile. The holotype is lost. Based on a revision of publications, the genus includes 12 species, all in Brazil. The objectives of this research are: to propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for Mischonyx based on Total Evidence (TE); propose taxonomic changes based on the phylogeny; and analyze the phylogenetic hypothesis biogeographically. Using the exemplar approach to taxon selection, we studied 54 specimens, 15 outgroups and 39 ingroup taxa using seven molecular markers (28S, 12S and 16S ribosomal genes, citochrome oxidase subunit I gene, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase gene, internal transcribed spacer subunit 2 and histone H3 gene), totaling 3,742 bp, and 128 morphological characters. We analyzed the dataset under three optimality criteria: Maximum likelihood (ML), Maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian. We discuss the transformation of character states throughout the phylogeny, the different phylogenetic hypotheses using different datasets and the congruence of evidence between the clades obtained by the phylogenetic analysis and the biogeographical hypothesis for the Atlantic Forest areas of endemism. We estimate that Mischonyx clade diverged 50.53 Mya, and inside the genus there are two major clades. One of them cointains species from Paraná, Santa Catarina, South of São Paulo and Serra do Mar Areas of Endemism and the other has species from Espinhaço, Bocaina, South coast of Rio de Janeiro and Serra dos Órgãos Areas of Endemism. The first split inside these two clades occurred at 48.94 and 44.80 Mya, respectively. We describe three new species from Brazil: Mischonyx minimus sp. nov. (type locality: Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro), Mischonyx intervalensis sp. nov. (type locality: Ribeirão Grande, São Paulo) and Mischonyx tinguaensis sp. nov (type locality: Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro). The genus Urodiabunus Mello-Leitão, 1935 is considered a junior synonym of Mischonyx. Weyhia spinifrons Mello-Leitão, 1923; Weyhia clavifemur Mello-Leitão, 1927 and Geraeocormobius reitzi Vasconcelos, 2005 were transferred to Mischonyx. Mischonyx cuspidatus (Roewer, 1913) is a junior synonym of M. squalidus Bertkau, 1880. In the results of the phylogenetic analyses, Gonyleptes antiquus Mello-Leitão, 1934 (former Mischonyx antiquus) does not belong in Mischonyx and its original combination is re-established. As it is now defined, Mischonyx comprises 17 species, with seven new combinations.

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein expressed in lymphoid and myeloid cells. It is a ligand of P-, E- and L-selectin and is involved in T cell trafficking and homing to lymphoid tissues, among other functions. PSGL-1 expression has been implicated in different lymphoid malignancies, so here we aimed to evaluate the involvement of PSGL-1 in T cell lymphomagenesis and dissemination. PSGL-1 was highly expressed at the surface of human and mouse T cell leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. To assess its impact on T cell malignancies, we stably expressed human PSGL-1 (hPSGL-1) in a mouse thymic lymphoma cell line, which expresses low levels of endogenous PSGL-1 at the cell surface. hPSGL-1-expressing lymphoma cells developed subcutaneous tumors in athymic nude mice recipients faster than control empty vector or parental cells. Moreover, the kidneys, lungs and liver of tumor-bearing mice were infiltrated by hPSGL-1-expressing malignant T cells. To evaluate the role of PSGL-1 in lymphoma cell dissemination, we injected intravenously control and hPSGL-1-expressing lymphoma cells in athymic mice. Strikingly, PSGL-1 expression facilitated disease infiltration of the kidneys, as determined by histological analysis and anti-CD3 immunohistochemistry. Together, these results indicate that PSGL-1 expression promotes T cell lymphoma development and dissemination to different organs.

Background: Older patients with acute myeloid leukemia are particularly difficult to treat, as they have a high risk of comorbidities, poor performance status and less tolerability to chemotherapy, as well as a more aggressive disease biology, responsible for the resistance to treatment. There is a need to explore novel therapeutic agents that are more effective and tolerable. Venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitor is a promising agent, as BCL-2 overexpression is present in 84% of acute myeloid leukemia patients at diagnosis and 95% of patients at relapse and has been associated with leukemia cell survival, chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis. Objective: To review the available data about venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia and how it can influence the treatment in older patients. Methods: Using the Pubmed database, we selected 29 articles published within the last 15 years, considering preclinical and clinical trials and review studies that combined venetoclax with acute myeloid leukemia. Results: Venetoclax has demonstrated promising results in preclinical and clinical trials, especially in patients with poor prognosis and the IDH mutation, with an excellent side-effect profile. However, resistance seems to develop rapidly with venetoclax monotherapy, because of antiapoptotic escape mechanisms. Conclusions: While the results with the use of venetoclax seem encouraging, it is not likely that targeting a single pathway will result in long-term disease control. The solution includes the use of combined therapy to block resistance mechanisms and enhance apoptosis, by reducing MCL-1, increasing BIM or inhibiting the complex IV in the mitochondria. Keywords: AML, BH3-mimetics, BCL-2, Target therapy, ABT-199, Venetoclax

Neosadocus harvestmen are endemic to the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Although they are conspicuous and display great morphological variation, their evolutionary history and the biogeographical events underlying their diversification and distribution are still unknown. This contribution about Neosadocus includes the following: a taxonomic revision; a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial and nuclear markers; an investigation of the genetic structure and species' diversity in a phylogeographical framework. Our results show that Neosadocus is a monophyletic group and comprises four species: N. bufo, N. maximus, N. robustus and N. misandrus (which we did not find on fieldwork and only studied the female holotype). There is astonishing male polymorphism in N. robustus, mostly related to reproductive strategies. The following synonymies have resulted from this work: "Bunoweyhia" variabilis Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Neosadocus bufo (Mello-Leitão, 1926); and "Bunoweyhia" minor Mello-Leitão, 1935 = Neosadocus maximus (Giltay, 1928). Most divergences occurred during the Miocene, a geological epoch marked by intense orogenic and climatic events in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Intraspecific analyses indicate strong population structure, a pattern congruent with the general behavior and physiological constraints of Neotropical harvestmen.

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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common cardiovascular disease, for which several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) underlying susceptibility were identified. Apart from candidate gene approach, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have contributed to the identification of novel VTE-associated SNPs, including some with no clear role in the haemostatic system. These genetic variants constitute potential cancer-related biomarkers, particularly predictive and prognostic biomarkers, as a two-way association between VTE and cancer is well established. The present dataset comprises the data obtained from GWAS performed to identify genetic variants associated with VTE risk. Furthermore, this dataset also comprises data regarding previously reported candidate gene and validation reports performed in adults of European ancestry that also analysed the VTE GWAS-identified variants. Lastly, to evaluate the impact of these genetic variants in carcinogenesis, a broad search was made, which has let us to establish putative links between several VTE-associated genes and cancer hallmarks in a review article entitled “Venous thromboembolism GWAS reported genetic makeup and the hallmarks of cancer: linkage to ovarian tumour behaviour”.

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) has emerged as an important global nosocomial pathogen, and this trend is associated with the spread of high-risk clones. Here, we determined the genetic and phenotypic features of 93 VREfm isolates that were obtained from patients in 13 hospitals in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, during 2012–2013. All the isolates were vancomycin-resistant and harbored the vanA gene. Only 6 (6.5%) of the VREfm isolates showed the ability to form biofilm. The 93 isolates analyzed belong to a single pulsed-field gel electrophoresis lineage and presented six subtypes. MLST genotyping showed that all VREfm belonged to ST412 (the high-risk clone, hospital-adapted). The present study describes the dissemination of ST412 clone in the local hospitals. The clonal spread of these ST412 isolates in the area we analyzed as well as other hospitals in southeastern Brazil supports the importance of identifying and controlling the presence of these microorganisms in health care-related services. Keywords: Enterococcus faecium, VRE, ST412, Biofilm

Introdução: A disfunção eréctil (DE) é definida como uma incapacidade persistente de conseguir iniciar e manter uma erecção suficiente que permita ter uma performance sexual satisfatória. Esta pode ter uma etiologia neuropática, vascular, psicogénica ou endócrina, sendo vários os factores que contribuem ou agravam a DE. As estatinas, fármacos utilizados no tratamento das dislipidemias, poderão diminuir a produção de hormonas esteróides (por diminuição do colesterol, precursor da maioria das hormonas sexuais) e, por conseguinte, levar à diminuição dos níveis de testosterona, provocando assim disfunção eréctil. Objectivo: Clarificar o efeito das estatinas na disfunção eréctil em homens adultos. Metodologia: Pesquisa de revisões sistemáticas, meta-análises, ensaios clínicos controlados e aleatorizados e normas de orientação clínica publicados nas principais bases de dados (National Guidelines Clearinghouse, Guidelines Finder, CMA Infobase, Cochrane Library, Bandolier, Embase e Medline/Pubmed), em Português, Inglês, Castelhano e Francês, com os termos MeSH “Erectile Dysfunction” AND "Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors" no dia 23/05/2017. A avaliação da qualidade da evidência foi feita com recurso à escala SORT. Critérios de Inclusão: Estudos com indivíduos do sexo masculino com idade ≥ 18 anos enquadrados nos termos de pesquisa. Da pesquisa foram excluídos todos os artigos anteriores à última revisão sistemática da literatura encontrada em cada base de dados. Resultados: Dos 52 artigos encontrados, após exclusão dos artigos que não se enquadravam no tema, artigos repetidos e artigos anteriores à última revisão sistemática da literatura em cada base de dados, 3 artigos cumpriam os critérios de inclusão: 1 revisão sistemática e meta-análise, 1 meta-análise e 1 artigo original). Apesar dos artigos serem heterogéneos, a maioria parece indicar que as estatinas poderão melhorar a DE ou reduzir o risco do seu aparecimento. Conclusões: A pesquisa efectuada parece sugerir que as estatinas poderão diminuir as queixas de disfunção eréctil por mecanismos não totalmente compreendidos. Contudo, os estudos incluídos nas revisões sistemáticas e meta-análise analisadas são de curta duração e a maioria não avalia os níveis de testosterona inicial e no fim da avaliação, impedindo correlacionar as estatinas com um hipogonadismo fármaco-induzido que poderá agravar ou manifestar a DE. Mais ensaios clínicos aleatorizados, com mais dados clínicos e laboratoriais e um maior tempo de follow-up serão necessários para melhor esclarecer os efeitos das estatinas na DE.

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an emerging pathotype responsible for acute and persistent diarrhea. It can be classified as typical and atypical strains, respectively, based on the presence or absence of the AggR regulon, suggesting a higher virulence for typical EAEC. This study aims to evaluate in the Galleria mellonella model if there are differences in the virulence profiles among clinical strains of typical and atypical EAEC, prototype strains EAEC C1096, 042 and its aggR mutant. The clinical EAEC strains (n = 20) were analyzed for the presence of 22 putative virulence factors of EAEC or extraintestinal E. coli by PCR, as well as phenotypic characteristics of virulence (enzymes, siderophore, and biofilm). The survival of the larvae was analyzed after inoculation of 104–107 CFU/larva; the monitoring of bacterial growth in vivo and hemocyte quantification was determined after inoculation of the prototype strains (105 CFU/larva) at different periods after infection. The strains of typical and atypical EAEC presented the same virulence profile for the larva, regardless of the amount or type of genes and phenotypic aspects of virulence analyzed. In addition, the EAEC 042 aggR mutant strain showed a significant reduction in the mortality of the inoculated larvae compared to the wild-type strain. In conclusion, the results obtained herein demonstrate that the virulence of EAEC seems to be related to the AggR regulon, but not exclusively, and atypical EAEC strains may be as virulent as typical ones in vivo in the G. mellonella model.

Drought is a limiting factor for agricultural productivity. Climate change threatens to expand the areas of the globe subjected to drought, as well as to increase the severity and duration of water shortage. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) are widely studied and applied as biostimulants to increase plant production and to enhance tolerance to abiotic and biotic constraints. Besides PGPB, studies on the potential of nanoparticles to be used as biostimulants are also thriving. However, many studies report toxicity of tested nanoparticles in bacteria and plants in laboratory conditions, but few studies have reported effects of nanoparticles towards bacterial cells and communities in the soil. The combined application of nanoparticles and PGPB as biostimulant formulations are poorly explored and it is important to unravel the potentialities of their combined application as a way to potentiate food production. In this study, Rhizobium sp. E20-8 and graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were applied on container-grown maize seedlings in watered and drought conditions. Bacterial survival, seedling growth (dry weight), and biochemical endpoints (photosynthetic pigments, soluble and insoluble carbohydrates, proline, lipid peroxidation, protein, electron transport system, and superoxide dismutase) were evaluated. Results showed that the simultaneous exposure to GO and Rhizobium sp. E20-8 was able to alleviate the stress induced by drought on maize seedlings through osmotic and antioxidant protection by GO and mitigation of GO effects on the plant’s biochemistry by Rhizobium sp. E20-8. These results constitute a new lead on the development of biostimulant formulations to improve plant performance and increase food production in water-limited conditions.

Retrospective data was collected from 77 elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients treated with Azacitidine (AZA) and 50 elderly AML patients treated with intensive chemotherapy (IC) from 4 Portuguese Hospitals. Median OS was 10.6 months in those receiving AZA as 1st line. Response (overall response rate 44%) had a significant impact on overall survival (p=

The main objective of this paper is to approximate the temporal evolution function of the Lorenz system using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) type Multilayer Perceptron (MLP). Apart from this main objective, as a specific objective, presents the basic concepts of ANN, a brief history of chaos theory and the Lorentz system. The methodology used in the structuring of this paper was defined as bibliographic and experimental. Currently, there is great interest in models of neural networks to solve unconventional and complex problems, in this context the ANN have emerged as an alternative for numerous applications in various areas of knowledge. The results of the experiments indicate positively to the use of ANN. It is hoped that this paper encourage the use of ANN in complex applications where learning, association, generalization and abstraction are needed to support decision-making. It was concluded that the use of ANN could be an alternative for solving problems involving approximation functions.

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a phytopathogen responsible for bacterial canker in kiwifruit plants and can be disseminated through pollen. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the inactivation of Psa on kiwifruit pollen using New Methylene Blue (NMB) and Methylene Blue (MB) in the presence/absence of potassium iodide (KI). Pollen germination assays were also performed to evaluate if it was affected by aPDT. Higher reduction of Psa was achieved using NMB (5.0 μM) combined with KI (100 mM) in vitro (ca. 8 log CFU mL−1 after 90 min of irradiation), while NMB alone promoted a lower reduction (3.7 log CFU mL−1). The most efficient NMB concentration with KI was used to study the photodynamic efficiency of MB (5.0 μM). MB with KI photo-inactivated Psa more efficiently than NMB, causing the same bacterial reduction (ca. 8 log CFU mL−1) in half the irradiation time (45 min). Therefore, MB was selected for the subsequent ex vivo aPDT assays in pollen. Almost all the Psa cells added artificially to the pollen (3.2 log CFU mL−1) were photo-inactivated (3.1 log CFU mL−1), whereas aPDT had a low effect on pollen natural microorganisms. When KI was added, a significant increase in aPDT effectiveness was observed (4.5 log CFU mL−1). No negative effects were observed in the pollen germination after aPDT. The results show aPDT is an effective and safe method to Psa inactivation on kiwifruit pollen, and MB use is a promising alternative in the control of Psa transmission.

ABSTRACT Epiperipatus edwardsii (Blanchard, 1847) is redescribed based on fresh material collected near the type locality. Additionally, five new species of velvet worms of the genus Epiperipatus Clark, 1913 from Brazil are described: Epiperipatus hyperbolicus sp. nov., Epiperipatus lucerna sp. nov., Epiperipatus titanicus sp. nov. (Holotypes deposited in MNRJ: Murici, Alagoas State), Epiperipatus beckeri sp. nov. (Holotype female deposited in MNRJ: Camacan, Bahia State) and Epiperipatus marajoara sp. nov. (Holotype male deposited in MZUSP: Breves, Marajó island, Pará State). The peculiar shape of the primary papillae (artichoke-like) of E. titanicus sp. nov. and E. beckeri sp. nov. is documented for the first time. Epiperipatus titanicus sp. nov. has the largest number of pairs of oncopods (38 for males and 39 for females) among the Brazilian Onychophora. We also provide an identification key for Brazilian species of Epiperipatus.

ABSTRACT Four new sympatric species of Cosmetus Perty, 1833 are described from "Reserva Natural Privada Burbayar, Provinciar Panamá, Panamá" (male holotypes deposited in MIUP). Cosmetus balboa sp. nov. can be distinguished by the combinations of following features: smooth ocularium, larger distal tubercle on pedipalpal femur, coxa I with large ventral tubercle directed upwards, coxa IV with one large dorsoproximal tubercle, two geminate (from base) dorsoapical tubercles with blunt apex. Cosmetus burbayar sp. nov., can be distinguished from other species of the genus by the irregular and discontinuous shape of its yellow spot, extending from lateral anterior to posterior margins and invading prosoma, areas I-III and free tergites. Cosmetus pollera sp. nov. can be distinguished from congeners by two small yellow and two large pairs of spots on prosoma and two other spots on posterior margin of dorsal scutum. Cosmetus tamboritos sp. nov. is distinguished from other species of the genus by the following combinations of characters: having two retrolateral apical tubercles on bulla, one being double size of other; coxa IV lacks patches of a cluster of four tubercles on dorsolateral proximal region and two pointed tubercles fused at their apices; and femur IV with bifid retrolateral apical tubercle. The penis of Cosmetus arietinus (Mello-Leitão, 1940) and C. variolosus Mello-Leitão, 1942 are described for the first time. A table with the main diagnostic features of Cosmetus species is given. We suggest that the spine of area III, sexually dimorphic chelicerae and posterior legs, and pigmentation of dorsal scutum are good diagnosti c features at species level.

A taxonomic review of the genus Neopachylus Roewer, 1913 together with keys to the species for both males and females are presented. Gephyropachylus marginatus Mello-Leitão, 1931 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Neopachylus serrinha Soares & Soares, 1947, and Huralvius incertus Mello-Leitão, 1935 is considered a synonym of Neopachylus nebulosus (Mello-Leitão, 1936). This genus is restricted to southern Brazil, occurring in states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul.

A infeção por Rickettsia conorii é uma etiologia rara de meningite asséptica: inflamação das leptomeninges sem isolamento de agente no líquido cefalorraquidiano e com quadro clínico benigno. Os autores descrevem o caso clínico de mulher de 63 anos que recorreu ao Serviço de Urgência por quadro de cefaleias, febre, náuseas, vómitos, mal-estar-geral e alterações cutâneas. Ao exame físico apresentava exantema maculopapular, rigidez da nuca e Brudzinski’s positivo. Anticorpos anti-Rickettsia conorii IgM negativo e IgG positivo (+). Punção lombar com liquor transparente, pleocitose de predomínio neutrofílico (72%), proteinorráquia de 0,76 g/dL e glicorráquia de 59,0 mg/dL, com quociente glicose liquor/soro de 0,45. Internada por quadro clínico e analítico de meningite. Por etiologia provável de rickettsiose foi medicada empiricamente com doxiciclina com boa evolução clínica. Repetiu-se doseamento de Ac. anti-Rickettsia: IgM positiva (++) e IgG positiva (+++) para Rickettsia conorii, tendo tido alta após resolução completa da sintomatologia, sem sequelas. Recebido: 12/10/2016 - Aceite: 25/10/2016

Parampheres Roewer, 1913 is a relatively common genus of South American harvestmen. This genus is easily diagnosed by the remarkable yellow patches on the prosoma. Nonetheless, species determination within this group is challenging due the convoluted taxonomic history of the group and lack of a recent revision. In this study we revise Parampheres and describe a new species, Parampheres tenebris sp. nov., from Parque Nacional da Serra Geral, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by having dorsal scutum dark, and apophysis of coxa IV of male elongated. Furthermore, we propose the following new synonymies: Callampheres boliviensis Roewer, 1913, Pertyana ronae Mello-Leitão, 1927 and Parampheres tibialis Roewer, 1917 with Parampheres pectinatus Roewer, 1913. Parampheres now includes four species distributed from southern Brazil to adjacent areas in Argentina and Uruguay. In addition, we present a phylogenetic hypothesis based on morphological characters that supports the transfer of Parampheres from Gonyleptinae to Caelopyginae.

O presente trabalho objetivou cartografar através do geoprocessamento os povos indígenas, seus aldeamentos e deslocamentos ao longo do século XVIII no estado de Pernambuco utilizando informações oriundas de fontes documentais primárias e secundárias. Para a localização desses povos e sua dinâmica, tomou-se como um dos procedimentos metodológicos a divisão do território do atual estado de Pernambuco em unidades ambientais: serras e bacias hidrográficas mais importantes. Este procedimento permitiu localizar grupos que são mencionados de maneira muito vaga em relação a um espaço pouco delimitado. O objetivo final do trabalho é a delimitação espaço-temporal dos povos indígenas citados a partir das fontes, o que possibilita visualizar e problematizar as suas relações com o ambiente em uma perspectiva cronológica. Abstract This study aimed to map through GIS indigenous people, their villages and displacements throughout the eighteenth century in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, using information derived from primary and secondary documentary sources. To locate these people and their dynamics, has been taken, as a methodological procedures, the division of the territory of the current state of Pernambuco in environmental units: most important hills and river basins. This procedure permitted to find groups that are mentioned so much vague in slightly defined space. The final objective is the spatio-temporal delimitation of indigenous peoples from the mentioned sources, which makes possible to visualize and discuss their relationship with the environment in a chronological perspective. Key words: Indigenous peoples; historical cartography; Pernambuco; eighteenth century

A new species of harvestman, Paecilaema batman, from Brazilian limestone caves of the state of Goiás, is described, and a remarkable intraspecific color patch variation is discussed. Paecilaema batman sp. nov. differs from other species of the genus by the following combination of features: chelicera similar in both sexes; prosoma without color patches; typical color patches on area I; and area III with two high spines. The new species is considered troglophilous.

Passively dispersing aquatic invertebrates such as Ostracoda in restricted aquatic habitats such as bromeliads remain an intriguing observation considering the highly specialised dispersal vectors needed for efficient colonisation. Here we describe a new species of Elpidium, E. merendonense sp. n., collected from bromeliads in the cloud forest from Cusuco National Park, Honduras. Elpidium merendonense sp. n. is a small to medium-sized species that can be easily distinguished from its congeners by its unique outgrowth at the posterior end of the left valve, visible especially in females. The species was common all through the park occurring at a wide range of altitudes and in different species of bromeliads. This finding is the first freshwater ostracod species described from Honduras and is in agreement with the prediction that the genus Elpidium contains a large number of species with small geographic distributions. We update the list of described species of Elpidium and present a key to species.

O presente artigo visa apresentar os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa de dois sítios de grupos ceramistas do litoral cearense, situados no município de Trairi-CE. A pesquisa buscou identificar se os sítios Aldeia de Trairi e Boa Esperança poderiam ser parte de uma mesma ocupação a partir da interpretação dos dados obtidos nas pesquisas de campo, bem como dos dados etno-históricos e arqueológicos. Procurou expor, também, como o referencial teórico da memória social e do Habitus foi utilizado na compreensão dos sítios. A metodologia utilizada visou à identificação dos processos de manufatura dos vestígios cerâmicos, em uma perspectiva micro, a partir da construção dos perfis técnicos dos sítios, dessa forma a comparação de suas culturas materiais pode ser realizada levando em consideração sua distribuição espacial. Além disso, também foi buscado o estabelecimento de cronologias para as duas áreas, através da termoluminescência, visando à constatação ou não de contemporaneidade entre os artefatos cerâmicos. Os resultados obtidos indicam tratar-se de uma mesma ocupação com áreas distintas de atividades. ABSTRACT This article presents the results obtained from the research of two archaeological sites of potters on Ceará coast, located in the city of Trairi - CE. The research sought to identify whether the sites Aldeia de Trairi and Boa Esperança could be part of the same occupation from the interpretation of data obtained in field surveys as well as on ethnohistorical and archaeological data. The paper aims to expose, as well, how the theoretical framework of social memory and habitus was used in the understanding of the sites. The methodology used sought to identify the process of manufacture of ceramics, in a micro view, by the construction of the technical profiles of the sites so that the comparison of the material culture from both sites could be made, taking into account their spatial distribution. Furthermore, it was also sought to establish the chronology for the two areas by thermoluminescence, aiming at finding or not if the ceramic artifacts are contemporary. The results indicate that the area of the two sites can be related to the same occupation with different areas of activities. Keywords: Ceramic Technology; Spatiality; Trairi-CE.

A new species of Stygnidae Simon, 1879, Imeri ajuba sp. nov., is described based on males and females from Coari, Amazonas, Brazil. The new species, differs from the only other species of the genus, Imerilomanhungae Pinto-da-Rocha & Tourinho, 2012, in having the following characteristics: three white marks on posterior margin of dorsal scutum, one white mark on free tergite I, three pairs of tubercles on area I, one pair of tubercles on area II, femur IV with ventromesal row of five tubercles, truncus of penis with six pairs of setae on lateral and ventral sides and ventral plate with two pairs of distal setae on dorsal portion.

Fonckia Roewer, 1913 is revised and two new species are described in it: Fonckia contulmo sp. nov., from Monumento Nacional Contulmo, Araucanía, Chile, diagnosed mainly by the enlarged tubercles on the lateral margins of the dorsal scutum, between the median region of scutal area II and the posterior margin of the scutal area III; and Fonckia sosia sp. nov., from Parque Nacional Conguillio, Malleco, Chile, distinguished mainly by the absence of a dorso-basal apophysis on femur IV of the male and a spiniform, enlarged retroapical tubercle on tibia IV of the male. We propose the generic synonymy of Diconospelta Canals, 1934 under Fonckia Roewer, 1913, and the specific synonymy of D. vazferreirae Mello-Leitão, 1946 under F. processigera (Sørensen, 1902). We also propose the new combination F. gallardoi (Canals, 1934) comb. nov. As a consequence, the genus is henceforth composed of four species. We present an identification key for the species of Fonckia, as well as diagnoses and a discussion of the Chilean Pachylinae.

Cryptocellus canga sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in several caves at Carajás National Forest, Pará, Brazil. The new species differs from other species of the genus by the morphology of copulatory apparatus of the male leg III.

As part of an ongoing revision of the family Gonyleptidae, we have identified many species that are synonyms of previously described species or misplaced in this family. This article summarizes these findings, adding previously unavailable information or correcting imprecise observations to justify the presented taxonomic changes.The following new familial or subfamilial assignments are proposed: Nemastygnus Roewer, 1929 and Taulisa Roewer, 1956 are transferred to Agoristenidae, Agoristeninae; Napostygnus Roewer, 1929 to Cranaidae; Ceropachylinus peruvianus Roewer, 1956 and Pirunipygus Roewer, 1936 are transferred to Gonyleptidae, Ampycinae; Gyndesops Roewer, 1943, Haversia Roewer, 1913 and Oxapampeus Roewer, 1963 are transferred to Gonyleptidae, Pachylinae.The following generic synonymies are proposed for the family Gonyleptidae: Acanthogonyleptes Mello-Leitão, 1922 = Centroleptes Roewer, 1943; Acrographinotus Roewer, 1929 = Unduavius Roewer, 1929; Gonyleptes Kirby, 1819 = Collonychium Bertkau, 1880; Mischonyx Bertkau, 1880 = Eugonyleptes Roewer, 1913 and Gonazula Roewer, 1930; Parampheres Roewer, 1913 = Metapachyloides Roewer, 1917; Pseudopucrolia Roewer, 1912 = Meteusarcus Roewer, 1913; Haversia Roewer, 1913 = Hoggellula Roewer, 1930.The following specific synonymies are proposed for the family Gonyleptidae: Acanthogonyleptes singularis (Mello-Leitão, 1935) = Centroleptes flavus Roewer, 1943, syn. n.; Geraeocormobius sylvarum Holmberg, 1887 = Discocyrtus serrifemur Roewer, 1943, syn. n.; Gonyleptellus bimaculatus (Sørensen, 1884) = Gonyleptes cancellatus Roewer, 1917, syn. n.; Gonyleptes atrus Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Weyhia brieni Giltay, 1928, syn. n.; Gonyleptes fragilis Mello-Leitão, 1923 = Gonyleptes banana Kury, 2003, syn. n.; Gonyleptes horridus Kirby, 1819 = Collonychium bicuspidatum Bertkau, 1880, syn. n., Gonyleptes borgmeyeri Mello-Leitão, 1932, syn. n., Gonyleptes curvicornis Mello-Leitão, 1932, syn. n., Metagonyleptes hamatus Roewer, 1913, syn. n. and Paragonyleptes simoni Roewer, 1930, syn. n.; Gonyleptes pustulatus Sørensen, 1884 = Gonyleptes guttatus Roewer, 1917, syn. n.; Haversia defensa (Butler, 1876) = Sadocus vallentini Hogg, 1913, syn. n.; Liogonyleptoides minensis (Piza, 1946) = Currala bahiensis Soares, 1972, syn. n.; Megapachylus grandis Roewer, 1913 = Metapachyloides almeidai Soares & Soares, 1946, syn. n.; Mischonyx cuspidatus (Roewer, 1913) = Gonazula gibbosa Roewer, 1930 syn. n.; Mischonyx scaber (Kirby, 1819) = Xundarava holacantha Mello-Leitão, 1927, syn. n.; Parampheres tibialis Roewer, 1917 = Metapachyloides rugosus Roewer, 1917, syn. n.; Parapachyloides uncinatus (Sørensen, 1879) = Goyazella armata Mello-Leitão, 1931, syn. n.; Pseudopucrolia mutica (Perty, 1833) = Meteusarcus armatus Roewer, 1913, syn. n.The following new combinations are proposed: Acrographinotus ornatus (Roewer, 1929), comb. n. (ex Unduavius); Gonyleptellus bimaculatus (Sørensen, 1884), comb. n. (ex Gonyleptes); Gonyleptes perlatus (Mello-Leitão, 1935), comb. n. (ex Moojenia); Mischonyx scaber (Kirby, 1819), comb. n. (ex Gonyleptes); and Neopachyloides peruvianus (Roewer, 1956), comb. n. (ex Ceropachylus).The following species of Gonyleptidae, Gonyleptinae are revalidated: Gonyleptes atrus Mello-Leitão, 1923 and Gonyleptes curvicornis (Roewer, 1913).