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The surgical ressection of petroclival meningiomas is challenging due to its deep location and relationship with vital neurovascular structures. Usually they are benign injuries, but they can involve or infiltrate skull base bones, dura mater and brainstem. This makes the total removing very difficult or impossible without causing neurological deficits. The objective of this study is to review the surgical approaches used on the treatment of petroclival meningiomas and the knowledge which we achieved upon the surgical management of 30 cases.Series of 30 petroclival meningioma-cases. In the beginning of our series we used petrous approach for all the cases, however, with the acquiring of experience, we are indicating the retrosigmoid approach, leaving the petrous and skull-orbito-zigomatics approaches for selected cases.Owing to the difficulty of the access, the petroclival meningiomas usually require different surgical approaches and have distint surgical difficulties. There are three main approaches: fronto-orbito-zigomatics and variants; petrous and variants and retrosigmoid, and they can be combined. The choice for a surgical approach is usually on the location and size of the tumor, on the skull shape, the involvement of venous structures and according to the surgeon´s experience.Petroclival meningiomas are rare and complex on the skull base. The adequate choice is crucial to achieve the good surgical result.

Several kinds of marital conflict might be solved through constructive communication, development of interaction skills, and behavioral and thought modification. The aim of this study was to show results of the application of a protocol based on cognitive behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) on dyadic adjustment, marital social skills, depression, and anxiety symptoms. The sample consisted of 32 participants (16 couples) divided in two groups by length of marriage: Group 1 (1–7 years) and Group 2 (8–12 years). All subjects recruited were older than 18 and reported having communication problems in their relationship. The ages were M = 30.4, SD = 4.13. The measures were Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), Beck Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Marital Social Skills Inventory (Inventário de Habilidades Sociais Conjugais [IHSC]), and the Sociodemographic Questionnaire. Participants were assessed pre- and postintervention and had a 6-month follow-up. The intervention consisted of twelve 50-min sessions per couple. Based on three time analyses, both groups obtained the following results: DAS ( p = .001), BDI-II ( p = .000), BAI ( p = .000), and IHSC ( p = .001). We conclude that the CBCT protocol developed for this study, resulted in statistically significant improvements in the couple’s relationship for all variables studied in both groups.

Antecedentes: La resección quirúrgica de los meningiomas petroclivales es un desafío debido a su ubicación profunda y su relación con las estructuras neurovasculares vitales. Por lo general, son lesiones benignas, pero pueden involucrar o infiltrar huesos en la base del cráneo, la duramadre y el tronco encefálico. Esto hace que la extirpación total sea muy difícil o imposible sin causar déficits neurológicos. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar los abordajes quirúrgicos utilizados para tratar los meningiomas petroclivales y las lecciones que hemos aprendido en el manejo quirúrgico de 30 casos. Métodos: Serie de casos de 30 meningiomas petroclivales. Al comienzo de nuestra serie, utilizamos el abordaje petroso para todos los casos, pero con la adquisición de experiencia comenzamos a indicar cada vez más el abordaje retrosigmoideo, reservando los abordajes petrosos y cráneo-orbitocigomático para casos seleccionados. Resultados: Debido a la dificultad de acceso, los meningiomas petroclivales generalmente requieren diferentes abordajes quirúrgicos y presentan diferentes dificultades quirúrgicas. Hay tres abordajes principales: fronto-orbito-cigomático y variantes; petroso y variantes; y retrosigmoideo, pudiendo ser combinados. La elección del abordaje quirúrgico generalmente se basa en la ubicación y extensión del tumor, la forma del cráneo y la participación de las estructuras venosas, y la experiencia del cirujano. Conclusión: Los meningiomas petroclivales son raros y complejos en la base del cráneo. Elegir el abordaje correcto es crucial para un resultado quirúrgico exitoso.

Background: Studies have pointed out the increased risk of developing psychosis in adulthood related to cannabis use during adolescence. Aim: To conduct a systematic review of the literature on the use of cannabis in adolescence and risk of psychosis. Method: We conducted a systematic review in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We searched by PubMed, PsycINFO, and SciELO database between 2010 and 2019. Results: After an accurate analysis, of the 8.673 records screened articles, we selected and included 32 original studies in this systematic review. The sample in the original papers totaled 81.049 participants, indicating an association between early use of cannabis and the onset of psychosis in 97.3% of the studies, with a robust variety of instruments used. It has been shown that early cannabis use, associated to genetic vulnerability, gender, duration of use, environmental and social factors, or the use of other drugs may lead to late development of schizophrenia whether compared with non-users. Conclusion: There is evidence that marijuana use is associated with the occurrence of psychosis in adolescence and later in life. However, other variables, such as social and biological aspects, should be considered. This shows the importance of educational programs of public policies on risks of cannabis and clear information to the population about several combination factors that might lead to trigger psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia.

The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the main international concerns regarding its impact on mental health. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and behavioral aspects amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in a Brazilian population. An online survey was administered from May 22 to June 5, 2020 using a questionnaire comprising of sociodemographic information, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the Coping Strategies Inventory. Participants comprised 3,000 people from Brazil’s 26 states and the Federal District, with an average age of 39.8 years, women (83%), married (50.6%), graduates (70.1%) and employees (46.7%). Some contracted the virus (6.4%) and had dead friends or relatives (22.7%). There was more consumption of drugs, tobacco, medication, and food (40.8%). Almost half of participants expressed symptoms of depression (46.4%), anxiety (39.7%), and stress (42.2%). These were higher in women, people without children, students, patients with chronic diseases, and people who had contact with others diagnosed with COVID-19. The existence of a group more vulnerable to situations with a high stress burden requires greater attention regarding mental health during and after the pandemic. That said, it should be emphasized that these findings are preliminary and portray a moment still being faced by many people amid the pandemic and quarantine measures. Therefore, we understand that the magnitude of the impacts on mental health will only be more specific with continuous studies after total relaxation of the quarantine.

[eng] The γ-­‐tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) is required to efficiently generate new microtubules (MT) in a process known as MT nucleation. In mitotic cells, MT nucleation by γTuRC occurs from the centrosome, in vicinity of the chromosomes and from the lattice of pre-­‐ existing MTs in a process additionally involving the augmin complex. In neurons, the centrosome loses its MT nucleation capacity, while the γTuRC can still promote nucleation elsewhere. Still, it remains unclear how the γTuRC is regulated in these cells and whether other non-­‐centrosomal sites function as microtubule-­‐organizing centre in neurons. The aim of this thesis is to understand how MT nucleation mediated by augmin and γTuRC contributes to brain development and how nucleation is regulated during this process. In this thesis we show that the augmin complex is required for both axonal and dendritic development in vitro. In the axon, augmin guarantees that MTs are nucleated with the correct orientation, ensuring uniform axonal MT polarity. On the other hand, augmin depletion leads to an overall decrease in MT density in dendrites with no major effect on their polarity. Surprisingly, despite our findings, analysis of augmin function by other groups in vivo in flies and zebrafish has not revealed any dramatic defects. Strikingly, we show that, in conditional KO mice with gene deletion in the augmin subunit Haus6 in neural progenitors, brain development is halted before embryonic day 13 and the animals die at birth. These major brain defects are caused by impaired mitosis and massive cell death in neuroprogenitors, indicating significant, species-­‐specific differences in the requirement for augmin function. In the last part of this thesis we identified KIF2A and CEP170 as γTuRC interactors in in vitro cultured mouse cortical neurons and we show that, in agreement with published data on KIF2A function, CEP170 seems to inhibit growth of axon collateral branches. We speculate that KIF2A and CEP170 may function as negative regulators of microtubules nucleation by γTuRC. Together these results establish augmin-­‐mediated nucleation as essential for mammalian brain development and provide first insight in the regulation of microtubule nucleation in neurons by γTuRC interactors., [spa] El complejo de anillo gamma-­‐tubulina (γTuRC) es necesario para generar microtúbulos de manera eficiente en un proceso conocido como nucleación de microtúbulos. En células mitóticas, la nucleación a partir del γTuRC tiene lugar en el centrosoma, en regiones próximas a los cromosomas y en la superficie de microtúbulos previamente formados, en un proceso que requiere adicionalmente la presencia del complejo de augmina. A pesar de que en neuronas el centrosoma pierde su capacidad nucleadora de microtúbulos, el γTuRC aún puede inducir la nucleación en otros lugares. Sin embargo, aún se desconoce cómo se regula el γTuRC en estas células y si, aparte del centrosoma, existen otros lugares que puedan funcionar como centros organizadores de microtúbulos. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral es entender cómo la nucleación de microtúbulos dependiente de augmina y del γTuRC contribuyen al desarrollo cerebral y cómo se regula la nucleación de microtúbulos durante este proceso. En esta tesis hemos demostrado que el complejo de augmina es necesario para el desarrollo de axones y dendritas in vitro. En el axón, augmina garantiza que los microtúbulos se nucleen en una orientación adecuada, asegurando una polaridad microtubular uniforme a lo largo del axón. Por otro lado, la ausencia de augmina causa una disminución general en la densidad de microtúbulos de las dendritas, sin afectar a su polaridad. Sorprendentemente, a pesar de nuestros descubrimientos, otros grupos han analizado la función de augmina in vivo (en moscas y pez cebra) sin encontrar ningún defecto significativo. Curiosamente, hemos observado que, en ratones knockout condicionales en los que la subunidad Haus6 de augmina ha sido delecionada de progenitores neuronales, el desarrollo cerebral se interrumpe antes del decimotercer día del desarrollo embrionario. Adicionalmente, esta condición resulta letal para los animales, que mueren durante el nacimiento. Se ha encontrado que las causas de estos dramáticos defectos cerebrales son problemas en mitosis y una muerte masiva de neuroprogenitores. Estos resultados indican que existen diferencias en el requerimiento de augmina entre diferentes especies. En la última parte de esta tesis identificamos KIF2A y CEP170 como interactores del γTuRC en neuronas corticales de ratones cultivadas in vitro. También demostramos que, en concordancia con datos publicados sobre KIF2A, CEP170 parece inhibir el crecimiento de ramificaciones laterales en axones. Nuestra hipótesis es que tanto KIF2A como CEP170 podrían actuar como reguladores negativos de la nucleación de microtúbulos dependiente de γTuRC. En conclusión, estos resultados demuestran que la nucleación dependiente de augmina es un proceso esencial en el desarrollo cerebral humano, y proporcionan una primera visión de cómo interactores del γTuRC pueden regular la nucleación de microtúbulos en neuronas.

As muitas crises sao instaladas no individuo devido ao pouco conhecimento que cada pessoa tem de suas proprias reacoes diante das situacoes de tensao, a perda de controle sobre o pensamento e comportamento, gerando atitudes irracionais e dificuldades na comunicacao clara e objetiva Este artigo oferece um panorama geral sobre a TCC (Terapia Cognitivo Comportamental) e o seu desenvolvimento, bem como algumas tecnicas, avaliacoes, procedimentos no atendimento a pessoas em conflitos gerados por crencas disfuncionais. O artigo tambem a importância do dialogo entre aconselhamento pastoral e suas interacoes com as ciencias.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o nível de estresse e Qualidade de Vida (QV) em 86 diretores de Escolas Municipais (16,04% do total) da Cidade de São Paulo. Foi utilizado um Questionário sociodemográfico, Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde-Breve (WHOQOL-bref) e a Escala de Estresse Percebido (PSS-14). Assim, evidenciou-se que 70,9% dos pesquisados possuem excessiva rotina de trabalho. Destes, 60,05% acredita que as condições de trabalho de um diretor influenciam negativamente na saúde pessoal. Tanto o índice geral da QV quanto os resultados relativos aos domínios do WHOQOL-bref mostraram médias significativamente abaixo dos dados normativos brasileiros, com significância de p

Male sheep of reproductive age were distributed into three groups: GI, a sheep inoculated (oral) with 2.0×10(5) oocysts of the P strain of Toxoplasma gondii; GII, a sheep infected (subcutaneous) with 1.0×10(6) tachyzoites of the RH strain of T. gondii; and GIII, a sheep kept as a control (not infected). After the inoculation of the males, 12 breeding ewes, which were not pregnant and which were serologically negative for reproductive diseases (particularly toxoplasmosis), were distributed into three groups, synchronized, and subsequently exposed to natural mating with previously inoculated males. The distribution was as follows: five ewes that underwent natural mating with the GI male, five ewes that were exposed to natural mating with the GII male, and two ewes that were mated with the non-infected male (control). Serum samples of all the ewes were collected on days -30, -14, -7, -1, and 0 (days before natural mating) and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, and weekly until birth; the presence of serum antibodies against T. gondii was assessed by IFAT. Using a bioassay and PCR, T. gondii was isolated from the semen of the infected reproducing sheep before mating. Following natural mating, 5 of the 12 females displayed antibodies specific for T. gondii; of these animals, two of the ewes underwent natural mating with the male inoculated with oocysts (GI) and three with the male infected with tachyzoites (GII). One of the females that displayed antibodies specific to this coccidian and that underwent natural mating with the GII sheep had a macerated fetus on the 70th day following coverage. Using a bioassay after the birth, it was possible to isolate T. gondii from samples of the "pool" of tissues from the five females that seroconverted after natural mating and from their respective lambs. Using PCR, the DNA of T. gondii was isolated from the "pool" of tissues from one and two females exposed to natural mating with the reproductive males infected with the oocysts and tachyzoites, respectively. Using this technique, it was also possible to diagnose the presence of the parasite in the "pool" of tissues from the lambs of one female that underwent natural mating with the male sheep infected with oocysts. These results demonstrated the sexual transmission of T. gondii in the sheep species with consequent vertical transmission to their lambs.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-01-25T12:53:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoDuraes.pdf: 2397528 bytes, checksum: 3131144d042e53cdfcb5df2acb1abbc2 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T12:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoDuraes.pdf: 2397528 bytes, checksum: 3131144d042e53cdfcb5df2acb1abbc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-16 Automatic thoughts, emotions, behaviors and physiological responses have relationships with each other and are directly linked to the attribution of the causes, beliefs, values, attitudes and expectations in the relationship of couples and are associated with marital satisfaction and psychological distress. The aim of this study was to identify cognitive distortions couples and intervene from cognitive-behavioral therapy and increase levels of marital satisfaction. The sample consisted of 16 heteroafetivos couples, Brazilian, 18 years, literate and at least one year of marriage. Thus, the average age of the sample was 30.4 (SD=4,13) years and the majority (37.5%) reported having completed high school. The following instruments were used: Marital Satisfaction Scale (ESC); Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS); Relationship Belief Inventory (RBI); Marital Social Skills Inventory (IHSC); Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ); Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (EAD); Back Depression Inventory - (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) applied before and after cognitive behavioral intervention, and a Questionnaire Sociodemographic. In the procedure, the couples came by 12 therapy sessions for 50-minutes weekly with cognitive-behavioral approach. Only the second session was individual. However, the first and the other sessions were combined. The results discloused as the most frenquentes cognitive distortions have the Mind Reading 34.4% (n = 11) and Hipergeneralization 31.3% (n = 10). In terms of final considerations it was observed that the cognitive behavioral intervention showed its effective, and then, corroborating improvement in marital satisfaction of most couples. Thus, the correlations of paired samples showed statistical significance (p=0,00) in the improvement of the levels of marital satisfaction, depression, anxiety, marital social skills and automatic thought compared to before and after the intervention. Os pensamentos automáticos, as emoções, os comportamentos e as respostas fisiológicas têm relações entre si e estão diretamente ligados às atribuição das causas, crenças, valores, atitudes e expectativas na relação dos casais e estão associados à satisfação conjugal e sofrimento psíquico. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar distorções cognitivas em casais e intervir a partir da terapia cognitivo-comportamental e aumentar os níveis de satisfação conjugal. A amostra foi composta por 16 casais heteroafetivos, brasileiros, maiores de 18 anos, alfabetizados e com no mínimo um ano de união. Assim, a idade média da amostra foi de 30,4 (DP=4,13) anos e a maioria (37,5%) relatou ter ensino médio completo. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Satisfação Conjugal (ESC); Escala de Ajustamento Diádico (DAS); Inventário de Crença Sobre Relacionamento (RBI); Inventário de Habilidades Sociais Conjugais (IHSC); Questionário de Pensamentos Automáticos (ATQ); Escala de Atitudes Disfuncionais (EAD); Inventário Back de Depressão – (BDI) e Inventário Beck de Ansiedade (BAI) aplicados antes e depois da intervenção cognitivo comportamental, além de um Questionário Sociodemográfico. Quanto ao procedimento, os casais passaram por 12 sessões de terapia de 50 minutos com base cognitivo-comportamental. Somente a segunda sessão foi individual. No entanto, a primeira e as demais sessões foram conjuntas. Os resultados mostraram que as distorções cognitivas mais frenquentes foram a Leitura de pensamento 34,4% (n=11) e de hipergeneralização 31,3% (n=10). Foi possível observar que a intervenção cognitivo comportamental se mostou eficaz, corroborando melhora nas satisfação conjugal da maioria dos casais. As correlações de amostras emparelhadas apresentaram significância estatística (p=0,00) na melhora dos níveis de satisfação conjugal, depressão, ansiedade, habilidades sociais conjugais e pensamentos automáticos comparado com o antes e depois da intervenção.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:45:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-29612010000300010.pdf: 306038 bytes, checksum: 8948e2bb3616b2b9da9e775bb1739996 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:45:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1984-29612010000300010.pdf: 306038 bytes, checksum: 8948e2bb3616b2b9da9e775bb1739996 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1984-29612010000300010.pdf: 306038 bytes, checksum: 8948e2bb3616b2b9da9e775bb1739996 (MD5) S1984-29612010000300010.pdf.txt: 18634 bytes, checksum: 27c88f59c13a298239fa253a23c8ea27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:09:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1984-29612010000300010.pdf: 306038 bytes, checksum: 8948e2bb3616b2b9da9e775bb1739996 (MD5) S1984-29612010000300010.pdf.txt: 18634 bytes, checksum: 27c88f59c13a298239fa253a23c8ea27 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:09:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1984-29612010000300010.pdf: 306038 bytes, checksum: 8948e2bb3616b2b9da9e775bb1739996 (MD5) S1984-29612010000300010.pdf.txt: 18634 bytes, checksum: 27c88f59c13a298239fa253a23c8ea27 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-01 Centro de Pesquisa em Sanidade Animal (CPPAR), Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, UNESP-Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Caprinos machos, em idade reprodutiva, sorologicamente negativos para Toxoplasma gondii foram distribuídos em três grupos de animais: GI (n = 2) controle (placebo), GII (n = 2) - infectado com 1 × 10(6) taquizoítos (cepa RH) e GIII (n = 2) infectado com 2 × 10(5) oocistos (cepa P). Exames clínicos, hematológicos, parasitêmicos, sorológicos, pesquisa no sêmen e em tecidos do sistema reprodutor, por meio da bioprova, e da Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase (PCR), foram conduzidas para avaliar a infecção toxoplásmica. Os títulos sorológicos alcançaram valores máximos de 4096 nos dois grupos de animais infectados. Pela técnica da bioprova, foi possível revelar precocemente a presença do coccídio nas amostras seminais dos animais inoculados com taquizoítos. Pela PCR, foi possível identificar, no sêmen, material genético de T. gondii, em cinco (5º, 7º, 28º, 49º e 70º) e em duas (ambos ao 56º) datas experimentais pós-inoculação dos animais pertencentes aos grupos GII e GIII, respectivamente.Por esta mesma técnica, foi possível ainda isolar material genético deste protozoário, também em amostras teciduais (pool de próstata, testículo, vesícula seminal e epidídimo) dos caprinos inoculados com taquizoítos e oocistos. A presente pesquisa sugere a possibilidade da ocorrência da transmissão sexual do T. gondii na espécie caprina. Male goats of mating age serologically negative for Toxoplasma gondii were divided into three groups: GI - controls (placebo) (n = 2); GII - infected with 1 × 10(6) tachyzoites (RH strains) (n = 2); and GIII - infected with 2 × 10(5) oocysts (P strains) (n = 2). Clinical, hematology, parasite and serology tests and studies of parasites in the semen through bioassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and in reproductive organs (bioassay) were performed to assess toxoplasma infection. Serological titers peaked at 4096 in two animal groups infected with the protozoan. The bioassays allowed an early detection of protozoa in semen samples of tachyzoite-inoculated animals. T. gondii DNA was identified through PCR in the semen in five (Days 5, 7, 28, 49, and 70) and two (both at day 56) different days post-inoculation in GII and GIII animals, respectively. It was also possible to detect T. gondii DNA in reproductive organs (prostate pool, testicles, seminal vesicle and epididymis) of goats inoculated with either tachyzoites or oocysts. The present study suggests the possibility of venereal transmission of T. gondii among goats and it should be further assessed. Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Pesquisas em Sanidade Animal Departamento de Patologia Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Centro de Pesquisas em Sanidade Animal Departamento de Patologia Veterinária FAPESP: 04/12296-2

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-07T15:29:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-07T15:53:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 PMC2915749.pdf: 2588436 bytes, checksum: 07abce1cdd4449c951b59516d59d1974 (MD5) Eight reproductive rams with no prior reproductive disease were distributed into three groups of infection with T. gondii: GI, 3 rams, 2.0 x 10(5) P strain oocysts; GII, 3 rams, 1.0 x 10(6) RH strain tachyzoites; GIII, 2 control rams. Clinical parameters were measured and serological evaluations (IIF) were performed. Presence of the parasite in the semen was investigated by PCR and bioassay techniques. The rams presented clinical alterations (hyperthermia and apathy) related to toxoplasmosis in both groups infected with Toxoplasma gondii. All the inoculated rams responded to antigenic stimulus, producing antibodies against T. gondii from postinoculation day 5 onwards. In ovine groups I and II, the greatest titers observed were 1 : 4096 and 1 : 8192, respectively. In semen samples collected from these two groups, the presence of T. gondii was detected by bioassay and PCR. This coccidian was isolated (bioassay and PCR) in tissue pools (testicles, epididymis, seminal vesicle, and prostrate) from two rams infected presenting oocysts and in one presenting tachyzoites. Department of Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Research Center (CPPAR), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP; 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Department of Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Research Center (CPPAR), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso prof. Paulo Donatto Castellani, s/n CEP; 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.

Os transtornos mentais como quadros psicóticos e transtorno afetivo bipolar, de uma maneira geral, cursam com alterações e prejuízos na cognição e nas habilidades sociais, além do estigma que resulta em exclusão social. Em quadros psicóticos, por exemplo, evidencia-se uma série de graves limitações sociais e pessoais, repercutindo em dificuldades para desempenhar papéis sociais e ocupacionais esperados, que podem levar ao retraimento social, deterioração da aparência e dificuldades para fazer novos laços. Além disso, as evidências disponíveis indicam que o isolamento social representa um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e uma das principais causas de mortalidade destes pacientes. Já no Transtorno Bipolar, os principais achados se concentram em prejuízos de funções cognitivas como atenção, memória, funções executivas e velocidade de processamento, com poucos dados sobre prejuízos em cognição social. Neste escopo, destaca-se a questão de se pensar o diagnóstico não só nosológico, mas principalmente, funcional. Com base neste aporte, a presente pesquisa avaliou habilidades sociais e aspectos cognitivos de pacientes com diagnósticos de transtornos psicóticos e transtorno do afetivo bipolar. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório que foi composto por uma amostra de conveniência com 42 participantes, a partir dos 18 (dezoito) anos de idade. Os participantes foram distribuídos em dois grupos de acordo com o diagnóstico. A amostra foi dividida em: Grupo 1 com 20 participantes com transtornos psicóticos e Grupo 2 22 participantes com transtorno do humor bipolar (TAB). A pesquisa revelou pouca alteração nas avaliações de processos atencionais e funções executivas entre os grupos, e elevada diferença nos resultados de habilidades sociais, velocidade de processamento e funções executivas em relação à população geral, com prejuízo maior para os pacientes com Transtornos Psicóticos. Frente ao exposto, enfatiza-se a necessidade da aplicação de protocolos de avaliação cognitiva, emocional e de habilidades sociais como forma de medir a efetividade de programas de intervenções em equipamentos de atenção à saúde mental. Dessa forma entende-se que uma compreensão mais ampla do impacto de um determinado transtorno mental na vida de uma pessoa, resulta em informações imprescindíveis para a confecção de programas de intervenções, por exemplo, pensando na melhora da habilidade social Mental disorders, such as psychoses and bipolar mood disorder, are generally associated with altered and impaired cognition and social skills, not to mention the stigma that leads to social exclusion. Considering of psychotic disorders, a series of severe social and personal limitations can be observed, resulting in difficulty to engage in social and occupational roles, possibly leading to social withdrawal, deterioration in appearance and hardship building new social bonds. Furthermore, available evidence suggests that social isolation is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and a major cause of mortality in these patients. For bipolar disorder, the main findings are focused on cognitive disfunctions in attention, memory, executive functions and processing speed, with small evidence of impaired social cognition. In this sense, it becomes evident that the diagnosis should not be restricted to nosological aspects and be mostly functional. In view of these contributions, the present work has assessed social skills and cognitive aspects in patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder. This is an exploratory study composed by a convenience sample of 42 participants, from the age of 18. Participants were divided in two groups according to their diagnostic. Therefore, the sample is divided in: Group 1 with 20 participants with psychotic disorders and Group 2 has 22 participants with bipolar disorder. The research has found little distinction in the assessment of attentional processes and executive functions between groups, and major differences regarding social skills, processing speed and executive functions, compared to general population, with bigger impairment in patients with psychotic disorders. This data suggests that cognitive, emotional and social skills evaluation protocols should be implemented as a way of measuring the effect of intervention programs in mental health facilities. A wider comprehension of the impact of specific mental disorders in peoples lives results in indispensable information concerning intervention programs, e.g., aiming social skills improvement

A autorregulação emocional é um mecanismo pelo qual ocorre a modulação e ajuste dos estados emocionais, em função do alcance de alguns objetivos específicos. Falhas nesse mecanismo, denominadas de desregulação emocional, configuram-se como aspectos centrais na etiologia de diferentes quadros psicopatológicos. Assim, a possibilidade de compreensão de como se expressa e se configura pode ser de grande valia como parte integrante no tratamento de diferentes quadros psiquiátricos, possibilitando um direcionamento de intervenções mais abrangentes e com maior alcance para diferentes patologias. Este estudo se propôs a avaliar a capacidade de autorregulação emocional em pacientes adultos com e sem diagnósticos psiquiátricos na perspectiva das funções executivas quentes. Avaliamos 62 participantes, entre 19 e 70 anos, com múltiplos diagnósticos, predominando o fenótipo ansioso. A regulação e desregulação emocional foram mensuradas através da escala QRAR e DERS, funções executivas através da escala BIS-11 e BDEFS, fatores de personalidade com NEO-FFI e respostas comportamentais associadas a funcionamento executivo com CPTIII e FDT. Os participantes também foram submetidos a uma avaliação de desempenho intelectual através do WASI reduzido. As associações entre as variáveis foram testadas através de testes paramétricos e não paramétricos, com análises de correlação e de predição. A população estudada configurou-se em 77,42% (n=48) de gênero feminino, sem diferença significativa entre grupo clínico e controle. Os principais resultados evidenciaram que o grupo clínico apresentou maior dificuldade em relação a capacidade de regular suas emoções (p=0,02), bem como maiores prejuízos em funções executivas do que o grupo controle (p=0,02). O Grupo clínico também apresentou um número maior de falhas por comissão, indicador de impulsividade, do que o grupo controle. Foram identificadas ainda, forte associação entre dificuldade de regulação emocional e falhas em funções executivas, bem como uma associação entre fatores específicos da personalidade (neuroticismo, conscienciosidade, extroversão) e dificuldades de regulação emocional. Emotional self-regulation is a mechanism by which the modulation and adjustment of emotional states occurs, depending on the achievement of some specific goals. Failures in this mechanism, called emotional dysregulation, are central aspects in the etiology of different psychopathological conditions. Thus, the possibility of understanding how it is expressed and configured can be of great value as an integral part in the treatment of different psychiatric conditions, allowing for more comprehensive interventions and with greater reach for different pathologies. This study aimed to assess the capacity for emotional self-regulation in adult patients with and without psychiatric diagnoses from the perspective of hot executive functions. We evaluated 62 participants, between 19 and 70 years old, with multiple diagnoses, with an anxious phenotype predominating. Emotion regulation and dysregulation were measured using the QRAR and DERS scale, executive functions using the BIS-11 and BDEFS scale, personality factors with NEO-FFI and behavioral responses associated with executive functioning with CPT-III and FDT. Participants also underwent an intellectual performance assessment using the reduced WASI. The associations between the variables were tested using parametric and nonparametric tests, with correlation and prediction analyses. The population studied was 77.42% (n=48) female, with no significant difference between clinical and control groups. The main results showed that the clinical group had greater difficulty in terms of the ability to regulate their emotions (p=0.02), as well as greater impairments in executive functions than the control group (p=0.02). The clinical group also presented a higher number of failures per commission, an indicator of impulsiveness, than the control group. A strong association was also identified between emotional regulation difficulties and failures in executive functions, as well as an association between specific personality factors (neuroticism, conscientiousness, extroversion) and emotional regulation difficulties.