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202 results on '"Richeson, John T."'

13. An Experimental Field Trial Investigating the Use of Bacteriophage and Manure Slurry Applications in Beef Cattle Feedlot Pens for Salmonella Mitigation

Author

Nickodem, Colette A., primary, Arnold, Ashley N., additional, Beck, Matthew R., additional, Bush, K. Jack, additional, Gehring, Kerri B., additional, Gill, Jason J., additional, Le, Tram, additional, Proctor, Jarret A., additional, Richeson, John T., additional, Scott, H. Morgan, additional, Smith, Jason K., additional, Taylor, T. Matthew, additional, Vinasco, Javier, additional, and Norman, Keri N., additional

Published
2023
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16. A Longitudinal Study on the Dynamics of Salmonella enterica Prevalence and Serovar Composition in Beef Cattle Feces and Lymph Nodes and Potential Contributing Sources from the Feedlot Environment

Author

Nickodem, Colette, primary, Arnold, Ashley N., additional, Gehring, Kerri B., additional, Gill, Jason J., additional, Richeson, John T., additional, Samuelson, Kendall L., additional, Scott, H. Morgan, additional, Smith, Jason K., additional, Taylor, T. Matthew, additional, Vinasco, Javier, additional, and Norman, Keri N., additional

Published
2023
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17. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived yeast fraction and multispecie Bacillussupplementation on health and performance outcomes of newly received feedlot steers

Author

Young, J. Daniel, Waite, Audie, Nenov, Valentin, Salah, Nizar, and Richeson, John T.

Abstract

Our objective was to evaluate the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived yeast fraction and multispecie Bacillusproducts alone or in combination on health and performance during a 56-d feedlot receiving period.

Published
2023
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27. Effects of respiratory virus vaccination and bovine respiratory disease on the respiratory microbiome of feedlot cattle.

Author

McAtee, Taylor B., Pinnell, Lee J., Powledge, Sherri A., Wolfe, Cory A., Morley, Paul S., and Richeson, John T.

Subjects
MANNHEIMIA haemolytica, RESPIRATORY diseases, VACCINATION, BEEF cattle, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, MICROBIAL communities, BOS, MORAXELLA
Abstract

Introduction: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impacts of two modified-live virus (MLV) vaccination protocols and respiratory disease (BRD) occurrence on the microbial community composition of the nasopharynx in feedlot cattle. Methods: The treatment groups included in this randomized controlled trial included: 1) no viral respiratory vaccination (CON), 2) intranasal, trivalent, MLV respiratory vaccine in addition to a parenteral BVDV type I and II vaccine (INT), and 3) parenteral, pentavalent, MLV respiratory vaccination against the same agents (INJ). Calves (n = 525) arrived in 5 truckload blocks and were stratified by body weight, sex, and presence of a pre-existing identification ear-tag. A total of 600 nasal swab samples were selected for DNA extraction and subsequent 16S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the microbiome of the upper respiratory tract. Nasal swabs collected on d 28 fromhealthy cattle were used to evaluate the impact of vaccination on upper respiratory tract (URT) microbial communities. Results: Firmicutes were less abundant in INT calves (n = 114; P < 0.05) and this difference was attributed to decreased relative abundance (RA) of Mycoplasma spp. (P = 0.04). Mannheimia and Pasteurella had lower RA in INT (P < 0.05). The microbiome in healthy animals on d 28 had increased Proteobacteria (largely Moraxella spp.) and decreased Firmicutes (comprised almost exclusively of Mycoplasma spp.) compared to animals that were treated for or died from BRD (P < 0.05). Cattle that died had a greater RA of Mycoplasma spp. in their respiratory microbiome on d 0 (P < 0.02). Richness was similar on d 0 and 28, but diversity increased for all animals on d 28 (P > 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. Comparison of sampling and diagnostic techniques for recovery of Mannheimia haemolytica and respiratory microbiome characterization from feedlot cattle

Author

Crosby, William Byrn, primary, Pinnell, Lee J., additional, Richeson, John T., additional, Wolfe, Cory, additional, Castle, Jake, additional, Loy, John Dustin, additional, Gow, Sheryl P., additional, Seo, Keun Seok, additional, Capik, Sarah F., additional, Woolums, Amelia R., additional, and Morley, Paul S., additional

Published
2022
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34. Vaccination strategies for beef cattle

Author

Richeson, John T.

Subjects
Deworming, Vaccination, Immune system, Immunization, Antigen, business.industry, Immunology, Medicine, Bovine respiratory disease, Beef cattle, business, medicine.disease, Virus
Abstract

Vaccines are used at various times during the beef production system with the goal of safe immunization and prevention of diseases caused by viral and bacterial pathogens. Immunization involves a complicated but coordinated network of innate and adaptive immune responses to antigen(s) over a period of days to weeks, ideally in an immunocompetent host in a state of homeostasis. However, bovine respiratory disease (BRD) involves stress and immune dysfunction in its pathogenesis, it usually occurs soon after arrival, and vaccination with modified-live virus (MLV) during stress and natural BRD challenge may be harmful in some animals. Complicated factors to consider regarding vaccination of beef cattle include timing, antigen inclusion, route of administration, and frequency of vaccination. Calves that are marketed to feedlots without previous vaccination are typically considered high-risk because they are likely to also lack weaning, deworming, and castration prior to marketing. Furthermore, high-risk cattle experience stress-induced immune dysfunction because multiple stressors occur simultaneously. Veterinary practitioners should consider new research on vaccination during physiological stress and natural pathogen exposure to better guide recommendations and expectations of their clients., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2020

Published
2020
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49. BEEF SPECIES–RUMINANT NUTRITION CACTUS BEEF SYMPOSIUM: Energy and roughage levels in cattle receiving diets and impacts on health, performance, and immune responses

Author

Richeson, John T, Samuelson, Kendall L, and Tomczak, Dexter J

Subjects
Dietary Fiber, Inflammation, Rumen, Immunity, Cattle Diseases, Starch, Animal Welfare, Symposia, Animal Feed, Diet, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Eating, Stress, Physiological, Animals, Cattle, Digestion, Acidosis, Edible Grain, Energy Intake, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
Abstract

Transition of newly received feedlot cattle from a forage- to grain-based diet is challenging, and the appropriate roughage level in receiving diets is debatable. Nutritionists must consider the paradox of dietary transition and roughage level to mitigate ruminal acidosis, yet concomitantly low feed intake presents difficulty in achieving nutrient requirements when metabolic demand is increased due to inherent stress and disease challenge during the receiving period. Previous research suggests that performance is improved at the expense of increased morbidity for newly received cattle consuming diets with less roughage and greater starch concentration. The clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and acute acidosis are analogous; therefore, it is probable that acidotic cattle are incorrectly diagnosed with BRD in both research and production settings. Additional research efforts have attempted to elucidate alterations in microbial populations and digestion, physiological response to inflammatory challenge, and immunological response to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus challenge in cattle consuming diets of various roughage levels. Furthermore, our understanding of the rumen microbiome is improving rapidly with culture-independent assays, products such as direct-fed microbials are available, and increased availability and use of fibrous byproduct ingredients requires further attention. Beef cattle nutritionists and producers should consider that the health benefit of receiving diets containing greater levels of roughage and lower energy may not compensate for the reduction in performance compared with feeding receiving diets with lower roughage and greater energy.

Published
2019

50. Effect of Time of Estrus on Conception Rate for a Sexed Semen Artificial Insemination Protocol in Multiparous Beef Cows.

Author

Efird, Emily E., Lawrence, Ty E., Richeson, John T., Weber, Wyatt E., Looney, Charles R., and Perkins, Tommy L.

Subjects
ESTRUS, SEMEN, ARTIFICIAL insemination, CONTROLLED release drugs, COWS, GONADOTROPIN releasing hormone, BEEF cattle
Abstract

Sexed semen artificial insemination is a breeding technique that allows producers to shorten breeding seasons, optimize genetics through use of superior semen, create calves based on sex preference, and increase profitability. Sexed semen is a technology that sorts semen by differences in DNA content between X (female) and Y (male) bearing sperm. However, sexed semen practices have yet to be widely used in beef cows due to reduced sperm numbers, low conception rates, and increased costs. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time of estrus upon fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) of sex-sorted semen on conception rate using two different estrous synchronization protocols. Multiparous commercial beef cows (n = 73) were randomized by age, body condition score (BCS), and days post-partum at the University of Arkansas Livestock and Forestry Research Station in Batesville. Both synchronization treatments (TRT) used a controlled internal drug releasing device (Eazi-breed CIDR; 1.38g progesterone) inserted intravaginally on d -14 of the protocol simultaneous to administration of prostaglandin F2a (PGF; 500μg cloprostenol sodium; Estrumate). In the first treatment (TRT 1; 7&7 Synch), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 86μg gonadorelin; Fertagyl) was administered on d -7. In the second treatment (TRT 2; 8&6 Synch), GnRH was administered on d -6. Both treatments were then administered PGF simultaneous to CIDR removal on d 0, 66 ± 2h before FTAI and administration of GnRH. Standing heat (estrus) was visually detected every 3 h for 30 min intervals between CIDR removal and FTAI. Heat detection patches were used in conjunction with visual detection of estrus. Time of estrus was signified as time of standing immobile when mounted in combination with presenting a patch score of 4 (>75% color removed). Time of estrus (TD) was deviated from time of FTAI and categorized into three equal time groups (Grp 1 = 0 to 11.0 h; Grp 2 = 11.01 to 22.0 h; and Grp 3 = 22.01 to 33.0 h). Conception rate (CR) was determined via ultrasound 37 ± 2 d after FTAI. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS 9.4. CR did not differ by age of dam (P = 0.58), BCS (P = 0.48), or TRT (P = 0.83). However, TD had an effect on CR (P = 0.002); and resulted in CR of 45% (Grp 1), 87% (Grp 2), and 42% (Grp 3). In conclusion, these results indicate artificially inseminating cows with sexed semen between 11.01 and 22.0 h after time of standing estrus will increase pregnancy rates for multiparous commercial beef cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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