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Background: French prehospital military medical teams are provided with labile blood products to effectively address hemorrhagic shock. In combat environment, standard good medical practice may limit efficacy of therapeutic goals regarding damage control resuscitation. Study Design and Methods: We present here a case report describing the management of a soldier heavily wounded during a helicopter forward medical evacuation in Sahel region. Results: We report the challenge encountered by medical team using only a humeral intraosseous route available due to severity of lesions and challenging environment. In this configuration, multi‐lumen extender enabled transfusion of two units of packed red blood cells and two units of plasma, and analgesia while limiting manipulation and dislodgment of the fragile intraosseous route. This situation, outside of usual good medical practice, raises issues of hemolysis, physicochemical compability of drugs and blood products, and consequences on flow rate reduction. Discussion: With this case, we emphasize the benefit of multi‐lumen extender associated with intraosseous route for early management of heavy casualties in harsh prehospital environment. Literature suggests that hemolysis and physicochemical compability should remain limited. The main issue of this setting consists of flow reduction and can be addressed by prioritizing humeral route, and using counter pressure cuffs, until a second peripheral or central line is available and management can resume without the need for multi‐lumen extender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of weight loss supplements is increasing, often driven by online marketing. However, many of these supplements are adulterated with undeclared pharmaceutical substances, potentially posing significant health risks. We investigated the presence of sibutramine and sildenafil in weight loss supplements and assessed the associated clinical outcomes., Materials and Methods: A total of 12 weight loss supplement samples (capsules, tea, and coffee bags) were analyzed using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Demographic and clinical data were collected by the Marseille Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre from 29 patients who reported using these products., Results: All samples were found to contain sibutramine, with concentrations ranging from 7.5 mg to 15.4 mg per unit. Sildenafil was detected in all samples, with concentrations ranging from 1.7 mg to 4.8 mg per unit. Clinical data from 29 users showed significant weight loss, with an average of 7.5 kg after 37 days of use. Adverse effects included anorexia ( n  = 15), tachycardia ( n  = 13), insomnia ( n  = 2) and chest pain ( n  = 4). In some cases, more serious effects such as seizures and dependence were observed., Discussion: Both sibutramine and sildenafil were withdrawn from the market due to cardiovascular risks. As such, the unregulated use of these products pose a serious risk to public health, particularly in individuals with underlying cardiovascular disease., Conclusion: We detected sibutramine and sildenafil in all 12 weight loss supplements tested, which highlights the need for stricter regulation and monitoring.

The objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple method using liquid chromatography hyphenated to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) allowing both the performance of a non-targeted screening and the simultaneous quantification of 29 compounds of interest in clinical and forensic toxicology. Extraction was done with QuEChERS salts and acetonitrile, after addition of internal standard to 200 μL of human plasma samples. The mass spectrometer was an Orbitrap, with a heated electrospray ionization (HESI) probe. The analyses were carried out in full scan experiment with a nominal resolving power of 60,000 FWHM within the 125-650 m/z mass range, followed by four cycles of data dependent analysis (DDA) with a mass resolution of 16,000 FWHM. The untargeted screening was evaluated using 132 compounds, mean limit of identification (LOI) was 8.8 ng/mL (min = 0.05 ng/mL, max = 500 ng/mL) and mean limit of detection (LOD) was 0.25 ng/mL (min = 0.05 ng/mL, max = 5 ng/mL). The method was linear in the 5 to 500 ng/mL range (0.5 to 50 ng/mL for cannabinoids, 6-acetylmorphine and buprenorphine) with correlation coefficients > 0.99, intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were < 15% for all compounds. The method was successfully applied to 31 routine samples., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Strains Marseille-P2265 T (=CSUR P2265 T  =DSM 102082  T ) and Marseille-P3890 T (=CSUR P3890 T  =CCUG 72341  T ) were isolated from stool samples using the culturomics approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of both strains were sequenced and compared by BLASTn to the NCBI database. Strains Marseille-P2265 T and Marseille-P3890 T were most closely related to Acutalibacter muris with identities of 94.3% and 91.5%, respectively. Between the two strains, the 16S rRNA gene sequence identity was 91.5%. Both strains are anaerobic Gram-positive, oxidase- and catalase-negative. The major fatty acid methyl esters (> 10%) in both strains are C 16:0 and anteiso-C 15:0 . Additionally, strain Marseille-P2265 T has iso-C 15:0 and C 14:0 , and strain Marseille-P3890 T , iso-C 14:0 . Strain Marseille-P2265 T has a genome size of 3,671,396-bp with a G + C content of 52.8%. As for strain Marseille-P3890 T , the genome is 2,702,024-bp-long with a 39.8% G + C content. The genomic comparison of closely related species with strains Marseille-P2265 T and Marseille-P3890 T showed that all digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values were lower than the published species thresholds (70% for dDDH, 95-96% for OrthoANI/AAI). Based on these results, it was concluded that strains Marseille-P2265 T and Marseille-P3890 T belong to two new genera in the family Oscillospiraceae. For these two genera, the names Neglectibacter gen. nov. and Scatolibacter gen. nov. were proposed, with strains Marseille-P2265 T and Marseille-P3890 T being the type strains of Neglectibacter timonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Scatolibacter rhodanostii gen. nov., sp. nov., respectively., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Strain SN6 T is a non-motile and non-spore-forming gram-negative bacterium which was isolated from the stool sample of an Amazonian patient. The optimum growth was observed at 37 °C, pH 7, and 0-5 g/l of NaCl. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the strain SN6 T exhibited 97.5% identity with Vitreoscilla stercoraria strain ATCC&#95;15218 (L06174), the phylogenetically closest species with standing in nomenclature. The predominant fatty acid was hexadecenoic acid (31%). The genomic DNA G + C content of the strain SN6 T was 49.4 mol %. After analysis of taxonogenomic data, phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, we concluded that strain SN6 T represents a new species of the genus Vitreoscilla for which the name Vitreoscilla massiliensis sp.nov is proposed. The type strain is SN6 T (=CSUR P2036 = LN870312 = DSM 100958)., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

A Gram-negative and facultative anaerobic bacterium, designated strain SN4 T , was isolated from the stool sample of an obese Amazonian patient. The new isolate was characterized by the taxonogenomics approach. The strain SN4 T was beige-colored, circular and not haemolytic. Cells are rod shaped and motile with several flagella. Strain SN4 T grows optimally at pH 7 and can survive in the presence of a saline concentration of up to 75 g/l NaCl. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analysis of the novel strain SN4 T showed 95.28% similarity in nucleotide sequence with Gorillibacterium massiliense G5 T , the phylogenetically closest neighbor and the type species of this genus. Anteiso-C 15:0 , iso-C 15:0 and C 16:0 were found as the major components in the cellular fatty acid analysis of this isolate. The genomic draft of strain SN4 T is 5,263,742 bp long with 53.33% of G+C content. The differences in physiological, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic and genomic data make it possible to clearly distinguish the strain SN4 T from G. massiliense G5 T . Based on the taxonogenomic description and the phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of this bacterium presented in this article, we propose the SN4 T strain (= CSUR P2011 = DSM 100,698) as a new species, Gorillibacterium timonense sp. nov.

Uncontrolled oxidative stress, reported in Salmonella and HIV infections, colorectal cancer or severe acute malnutrition, has been associated with anaerobic gut microbiome alteration, impaired butyrate production, mucosal immunity dysregulation and disruption of host-bacterial mutualism. However, the role of major antioxidant molecules in the human body, such as glutathione, ascorbic acid and uric acid, has been neglected in this context. Here, we performed an in vitro metabolomics study of the 3 most odorous anaerobic microbes isolated from the human gut in our laboratory (Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium subterminale and Romboutsia lituseburensis) when grown in anaerobiosis or in aerobiosis with these 3 antioxidant molecules via gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS and LC/MS). There was no growth or volatile organic compound production in aerobic cultures without the 3 antioxidant molecules. In anaerobiosis, the major metabolic products of the bacteria were thiols, alcohols and short-chain fatty acid esters. The production of alkanes, cycloheptatriene and, paradoxically, increased butyrate production, was observed in the cultures grown in aerobiosis with the 3 antioxidant molecules. The qualitative shift suggests specific molecular mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. The increased production of butyrate, but also isobutyrate and isovalerate in vitro suggests that these 3 antioxidant molecules contributed to the maintenance and active resilience of host-bacterial mutualism against mucosal oxygen and uncontrolled oxidative stress in vivo.

Strain Marseille-P4121 T was isolated from a vaginal sample of a 45-year-old French woman with bacterial vaginosis. It is a Gram-positive, asporogenous, non-motile and aerobic bacterium. Strain Marseille-P4121 T exhibits 98.2% 16S rRNA sequence similarity with Janibacter alkaliphilus strain SCSIO 10480 T , a phylogenetically closely related species with standing in nomenclature. Its major fatty acids were identified as C 18:1ω9 (34.4%), C 16:0 (30.1%), and C 18:0 (19%). The draft genome size of strain Marseille-P4121 T is 2,452,608 bp long with a 72.5% G+C content and contains 2351 protein-coding genes and 49 RNA genes including 3 rRNA genes. We propose that strain Marseille-P4121 T (= CECT 9671 T  = CSUR P4121 T ) is the type strain of the new species Janibacter massiliensis sp. nov.

Using the culturomics approach, we isolated two strains, Marseille-P2963 and Marseille-P3753, from the intestinal microbiota of a 19-year-old healthy Saudi Arabian Bedouin male and from a 32-year-old healthy Senegalese male faecal transplant donor. Here, we studied their phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic characteristics. Both strains were phylogenetically related, but different from Ruminococcus species. Bacterial cells were anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming and not motile, with neither catalase nor oxidase activities. Their growth temperatures ranged from 28 to 45 °C, with an optimal growth at 37 °C. The genomes are 2,842,720 bp- and 2,707,061 bp-long respectively. The G + C contents are 47.18% and 46.90%, respectively. Based on these characteristics, we propose the creation of a new genus within the family Ruminococcaceae named Massiliimalia gen. nov., that contains the new species Massiliimalia massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and Massiliimalia timonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. Strains Marseille-P2963 T (= CSUR P2963 = DSM 106837) and Marseille-P3753 T (= CSUR P3753 = CCUG 71632) are their type strains, respectively.

Culturomics has allowed the isolation of a significant number of new bacterial species from the human gut microbiota and proved to be a valuable complement to culture-independent techniques. Using this culture-based approach, a new bacterial species has been isolated from a stool sample of a 39-year-old healthy Pygmy male and described using the taxonogenomic strategy. Cells of strain Marseille-P4356 T are Gram-stain negative cocci. The strain grows optimally at 37 °C and is catalase positive but oxidase negative. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited 92.96% sequence similarity with Dysgonomonas gadei strain JCM 16698T (NR&#95;113134.1), currently its phylogenetically closest species that has been validly named. The genome of strain Marseille-P4356 T is 3,472,011 bp long with 37.3 mol% G+C content. Phenotypic, biochemical, proteomic, genomic and phylogenetic analyses, clearly demonstrate that strain Marseille-P4356 T (= CCUG 71356 T  = CSUR P4356 T ) represents a new species within the genus Dysgonomonas, for which we propose the name Dysgonomonas massiliensis sp. nov.

With the aim of describing the human microbiota by the means of culture methods, culturomics was developed in order to target previously un-isolated bacterial species and describe it via the taxono-genomics approach. While performing a descriptive study of the human gut microbiota of the pygmy people, strain Marseille-P4678 T has been isolated from a stool sample of a healthy 39-year-old pygmy male. Cells of this strain were Gram-positive cocci, spore-forming, non-motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and grow optimally at 37°C under anaerobic conditions. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited 89.69% of sequence similarity with Parvimonas micra strain 3119B T (NR 036934.1), its phylogenetically closest species with standing in nomenclature. The genome of strain Marseille-P4678 T is 2,083,161 long with 28.26 mol% of G+C content. Based on its phenotypic, biochemical, genotypic and proteomic profile, this bacterium was classified as a new bacterial genus and species Miniphocibacter massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov. with the type strain Marseille-P4678 T ., (© 2018 The Authors. MicrobiologyOpen published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Three previously unidentified Gram-positive anaerobic coccoid bacteria, strains KhD-2 T , KHD4 T , and Kh-D5 T , isolated from a vaginal swab, were characterized using the taxonogenomics concept. The phylogenic analysis, phenotypic characteristics, and genotypic data presented in this report attest that these three bacteria are distinct from previously known bacterial species with standing in nomenclature and represent three new Peptoniphilus species. Strain KhD-2 T is most closely related to Peptoniphilus sp. DNF00840 and Peptoniphilus harei (99.7% and 98.2% identity, respectively); strain KHD4 T to Peptoniphilus lacrimalis (96%) and strain Kh-D5 T to Peptoniphilus coxii (97.2%). Strains KhD-2 T , KHD4 T , and Kh-D5 T DNA G+C contents are, respectively, 34.23%, 31.87%, and 49.38%; their major fatty acid was C 16:0 (41.6%, 32.0%, and 36.4%, respectively). We propose that strains KhD-2 T (=CSUR P0125 = DSM 101742), KHD4 T (=CSUR P0110 = CECT 9308), and Kh-D5 T (=CSUR P2271 = DSM 101839) be the type strains of the new species for which the names Peptoniphilus vaginalis sp. nov., Peptoniphilus raoultii sp. nov., and Peptoniphilu pacaensis sp. nov., are proposed, respectively., (© 2018 The Authors. MicrobiologyOpen published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Subsequent to the publication of the above article, it has been noticed that the designation of the type strain is not correct. The strain referred to throughout the article as strain AT7 T should be designated as strain Marseille-P2086 T (= CSUR P2086 T  = DSM 100837 T ). The corrected for protologue for the species Mediterraneibacter massiliensis, represented by strain Marseille-P2086 T as type strain, is given below.

An anaerobic isolate, strain AT7 T , was cultivated from a stool sample of a morbidly obese French woman using a microbial culturomics approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain AT7 T exhibited 96% nucleotide sequence similarity with Ruminococcus torques strain JCM 6553 T (= ATCC 27756 T  = VPI B2-51 T ), currently the closest related species with a validly published name. The strain was observed to be a Gram-stain positive, non-motile, asporogenous and coccobacillary-shaped bacterium. It was found to be catalase positive and oxidase negative. Its major fatty acids were identified as C 16:0 (54%) and C 18:1n9 (30%). The draft genome of strain AT7 T is 3,069,882 bp long with 42.4% G+C content. 2925 genes were predicted, including 2867 protein-coding genes and 58 RNAs. Based on phenotypic, biochemical, phylogenetic and genomic evidence, we propose the creation of the new genus Mediterraneibacter and species, Mediterraneibacter massiliensis, that contains strain AT7 T (= CSUR P2086 T  = DSM 100837 T ), and the reclassification of Ruminococcus faecis, Ruminococcus lactaris, Ruminococcus torques, Ruminococcus gnavus, Clostridium glycyrrhizinilyticum as Mediterraneibacter faecis comb. nov., with type strain Eg2 T (= KCTC 5757 T  = JCM15917 T ), Mediterraneibacter lactaris comb. nov., with type strain ATCC 29176 T (= VPI X6-29 T ), Mediterraneibacter torques comb. nov., with type strain ATCC 27756 T (= VPI B2-51 T ), Mediterraneibacter gnavus comb. nov., with type strain ATCC 29149T (= VPI C7-9T) and Mediterraneibacter glycyrrhizinilyticus comb. nov., with type strain ZM35 T (= JCM 13368 T  = DSM 17593 T ), respectively.

A fast UHPLC-UV method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of Hydroxychloroquine, Minocycline and Doxycycline drugs from 100μL of human serum samples. Serum samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and injected into a phenyl hexyl reverse phase column. Compounds were separated using a mobile phase linear gradient and monitored by UV detection at 343nm. Chloroquine and Oxytetracycline were used as internal standards. Lower and upper limits of quantifications, as well as the other levels of calibration, were validated with acceptable accuracy (<15% deviation) and precision (<15% coefficient of variation) according to the European Medicines Agency guidelines. This new method enables cost and time reduction and was considered suitable for the clinical laboratory. It is the first published assay for the therapeutic drug monitoring of patients diagnosed with Q fever or Whipple's disease., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The human gut is composed of a large diversity of microorganisms, which have been poorly described. Here, using culturomics, a new concept based on the variation in culture conditions and MALDI-TOF MS identification, we proceed to explore the microbial diversity of the complex ecosystem of the human gut. Using this approach, we isolated strain AT8 T (=CSUR P2118 =  DSM 101782) from stool specimens collected from a 51-year-old obese French woman. Strain AT8 T is a strictly anaerobic, nonmotile, nonspore-forming gram-positive coccus that do not exhibit catalase and oxidase activities. 16S rDNA-based identification of strain AT8 T demonstrated 92% gene sequence similarity with Eggerthella lenta DSM 2243, the phylogenetically closed validly named type species. Here, we present a set of features for the strain AT8 T and the description of its complete genome sequence and annotation. The 2,091,845 bp long genome has a G+C content of 63.46% and encodes1,849 predicted genes; 1,781 were protein-coding genes, and 68 were RNAs. On the basis of the characteristics reported here, we propose the creation of a new bacterial genus Hugonella gen. nov., belonging to the Eggerthellaceae family and including Hugonella massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., strain AT8 T as the type strain., (© 2017 The Authors. MicrobiologyOpen published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Strain KHD7 T , a Gram-stain-positive rod-shaped, non-sporulating, strictly anaerobic bacterium, was isolated from the vaginal swab of a woman with bacterial vaginosis. We studied its phenotypic characteristics and sequenced its complete genome. The major fatty acids were C16:0 (44%), C18:2n6 (22%), and C18:1n9 (14%). The 1,806,744 bp long genome exhibited 49.24% G+C content; 1549 protein-coding and 51 RNA genes. Strain KHD7 T exhibited a 93.5% 16S rRNA similarity with Olsenella uli, the phylogenetically closest species in the family Coriobacteriaceae. Therefore, strain KHD7 T is sufficiently distinct to represent a new genus, for which we propose the name Olegusella massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is KHD7 T ., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Many patients undergoing long-term doxycycline treatment do not regularly take their treatment because of photosensitivity. Our objective was to create an assay for determining doxycycline levels and to use hair samples for monitoring the compliance over a longer period of time., Methods: We tested sera and hair samples from patients treated with doxycycline by a suitable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) based assay., Results: We estimated that the speed of hair growth is roughly 1.25 cm per month and we were able to determine doxycycline levels over a 6-month period. We tested 14 patients treated with doxycycline and we found similar levels of doxycycline in the serum and the hair samples representing the last 4 months. Linear regression analysis revealed that the level of doxycycline in the serum remained stable over time (p = 0.7) but the level of doxycycline in the hair decreased significantly over time (p = 0.03) indicating a degradation of this molecule in the hair. We detected two patients who did not have antibiotic in the hair, indicating a lack of compliance that was also confirmed by interview., Conclusion: Hair samples can be used to test long-term compliance in patients to explain failures or relapses., (Copyright © 2015 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aim: Cisplatin doublets are standard 1st line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), without accurate predictor for response and survival, but important toxicity. Our aims were to identify predictive (for response) and prognostic (for survival) biological signatures in patients with NSCLC using messenger RNAs (mRNA) and miRNA expression., Methods: Patients with pathologically proven untreated NSCLC, receiving 1st line cisplatin-vinorelbine and with an assessable lesion were eligible. A bronchial biopsy was lysed into Tripure Isolation Reagent on ice, snap frozen, and stored at -80°C. mRNA expression was analyzed using microarrays Agilent Technologies. miRNA expression was assessed using TaqMan Low Density Arrays (756 human miR panel, Applied Biosystems). Validation was performed by RT-PCR on the selected genes. Survival was measured from the registration date and response assessed by WHO criteria., Results: Biopsies for transcriptomic analyses were obtained from 60 consecutive patients. No statistically significant differences were observed according to the main clinical characteristics, response rate (43 vs. 41%) or survival (median 25 vs. 29 months) between derivation and validation sets. In the derivation set (n = 38 patients), two mRNA and one miRNA predictive signatures for response were obtained. One mRNA and one miRNA prognostic signatures were derived from the first set, allowing an adequate distinction of patients with good and poor overall and progression-free survivals. None of these signatures could be validated in the validation set (n = 22 patients)., Conclusion: In this prospective study with advanced NSCLC treated with cisplatin-vinorelbine, we were able to derive with high throughput techniques predictive and prognostic signatures based on transcriptomic analyses. However, these results could not be reproduced in an independent validation set. The role of miRNA and mRNA as predictive or prognostic factors remains a research topic and the use of high throughput technology in that context questionable. The ClinicalTrials.gov study identifier is NCT00864266 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).

Phosphate limitation is an important environmental stress that affects the metabolism of various organisms and, in particular, can trigger the virulence of numerous bacterial pathogens. Clostridium perfringens, a human pathogen, is one of the most common causes of enteritis necroticans, gas gangrene and food poisoning. Here, we focused on the high affinity phosphate-binding protein (PBP-1) of an ABC-type transporter, responsible for cellular phosphate uptake. We report the crystal structure (1.65 Å resolution) of the protein in complex with phosphate. Interestingly, PBP-1 does not form the short, low-barrier hydrogen bond with phosphate that is typical of previously characterized phosphate-binding proteins, but rather a canonical hydrogen bond. In its unique binding configuration, PBP-1 forms an unusually high number of hydrogen bonds (14) with the phosphate anion. Discrimination experiments reveal that PBP-1 is the least selective PBP characterised so far and is able to discriminate phosphate from its close competing anion, arsenate, by ~150-fold.

Nursing is stressful, especially for the new graduate entering the work-force and for those transitioning into new roles. This article explores one large health system's approach to supporting those nurses through a 1-day program devoted to enhancing their resilience. A few resilience-building strategies are highlighted., (Copyright 2014, SLACK Incorporated.)