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8. Development of the Global Earthquake Model’s neotectonic fault database

Author

Christophersen, Annemarie, Litchfield, Nicola, Berryman, Kelvin, Thomas, Richard, Basili, Roberto, Wallace, Laura, Ries, William, Hayes, Gavin P., Haller, Kathleen M., Yoshioka, Toshikazu, Koehler, Richard D., Clark, Dan, Wolfson-Schwehr, Monica, Boettcher, Margaret S., Villamor, Pilar, Horspool, Nick, Ornthammarath, Teraphan, Zuñiga, Ramon, Langridge, Robert M., Stirling, Mark W., Goded, Tatiana, Costa, Carlos, and Yeats, Robert

Published
2015
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13. SLIDE (Wellington): geomorphological characterisation of the Wellington urban area

Author

Townsend, Dougal, Massey, Chris I, Lukovic, Biljana, Rosser, Brenda J, Ries, William, Morgenstern, Regine, Ashraf, Salman, Jones, Katie E, and Carey, Jon M

Abstract

The goal of the Stability of Land In Dynamic Environments (SLIDE) research project is to improve the resilience of New Zealand’s buildings and infrastructure through better knowledge of the behaviour of slopes and the development of strategies for more robust remediation approaches. One aspect of the SLIDE research is the development of a geomorphology map for terrain within the Wellington urban area in order to help identify those slopes that have been anthropogenically modified and are subject to failure. Many hundreds of slope failures affect Wellington’s roading network each year, and most of these failures occur on slopes that have been modified by urban development. One of the SLIDE project’s aims is to better understand how anthropogenically modified slopes may perform in future strong earthquakes and in heavy rain events. Recent heavy rain events and earthquakes, especially the M7.8 14 November 2016 Kaikōura earthquake, have underlined how vulnerable some of Wellington’s slopes may be in such events. However, it should be noted that not all anthropogenically modified slopes are potentially unstable and likely to fail in future earthquake and/or rain events. This report presents Version 1.0 of the geomorphology maps and the methodology used to carry out the mapping. We have classified the geomorphology of the Wellington urban area (the study area), at a regional scale of nominally 1:500, into two main layers: 1) surface morphology and 2) near-surface materials. An additional third layer comprising anthropogenically modified ground, subdivided into: a) cut slopes and b) fill bodies, was also created. Multiple datasets were used to complete this work, including historical and recent aerial photographs, LiDAR-derived digital elevation models and photogrammetrically-derived digital surface models, which were subtracted from each other to create surface difference models. The interpretations were selectively ‘ground truthed’ using both field assessments and Google Earth ‘Street View’ imagery. The surface difference models and aerial photographs were successfully used to identify the primary areas of anthropogenically modified ground within the study area. The oldest suitable photo survey available was undertaken in 1938, and this covers the Wellington City to Miramar Peninsula area. The remainder of the study area from the city westwards and northwards is covered by a photographic survey undertaken in 1945. These surveys, along with other historical photographs, form the ‘baseline’ for our interpretations of landscape modification. These areas of modified ground were interpreted as being mainly due to slope cutting (negative surface changes) and the formation of fill bodies (positive surface changes) for the construction of buildings, roads and other infrastructure. The approximate date of construction of the mapped cut slopes and fill bodies has also been estimated, primarily using the multiple epochs of aerial photographs available for the study area. Our mapping is limited in time to the last available aerial photo dataset (2013), and modifications since this time are not captured in Version 1.0. Other anthropogenic features, such as retaining walls, were also identified. Although several thousand retaining walls were mapped, identifying all retaining walls within the study area from remotely sensed data, their type of construction and whether they were engineered or not, was not possible and was outside the scope of this research project. The mapping presented in this Version 1.0 of the geomorphology database is an interpretation that is designed to support general concepts of how anthropogenic landscapes differ from those of the natural environment. The digital geomorphological layers presented here have subsequently been used in the assessment of landslide hazards within the study area (e.g. Massey et al. 2019). (auth)

Published
2020
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19. Contributors

Author

Aubin, Jane E., primary, Bachrach, Laura, additional, Bastepe, Murat, additional, Bianco, Paolo, additional, Bishop, Nick, additional, Bonjour, Jean-Philippe, additional, Cameron, Noel, additional, Carpenter, Thomas O., additional, Caverzasio, Joseph, additional, Chesney, Russell W., additional, Chevalley, Thierry, additional, Cole, David E.C., additional, Cole, William G., additional, Cornish, Jillian, additional, Demay, Marie B., additional, Econs, Michael J., additional, Ferrari, Serge, additional, Fewtrell, Mary, additional, Gilsanz, Vicente, additional, Glorieux, Francis H., additional, Helms, Jill A., additional, Herschel, Johan N.M., additional, Holm, Ingrid A., additional, Isler, Marc H., additional, Jones, Deborah P., additional, Jüppner, Harald, additional, Karsenty, Gérard, additional, Key, L. Lyndon, additional, Kovacs, Christopher S., additional, Kronenberg, Henry M., additional, Kuizon, Beatriz D., additional, Martin, Thomas John, additional, Miller, Walter L., additional, Mora, Stefano, additional, Murer, Heini, additional, Pettifor, John M., additional, Plotkin, Horacio, additional, Portale, Anthony A., additional, Prentice, Ann, additional, Primorac, Dragan, additional, Rauch, Frank, additional, Ries, William L., additional, Rimoin, David L., additional, Rizzoli, René, additional, Robey, Pamela Gehron, additional, Rowe, David, additional, Salusky, Isidro B., additional, Schönau, Eckhard, additional, St-Arnaud, René, additional, St-Jacques, Benoit, additional, Strewler, Gordon J., additional, Superti-Furga, Andrea, additional, Tenenhouse, Harriet S., additional, Thakker, Rajesh V., additional, Turcotte, Robert E., additional, Unger, Sheila, additional, Ward, Leanne M., additional, and Wientroub, Shlomo, additional

Published
2003
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21. Long-term treatment of osteopetrosis with recombinant human interferon gamma

Author

Key, L. Lyndon Jr., Rodriguiz, Ramona Marie, Willi, Steven M., Wright, Nancy M., Hatcher, Heather C., Eyre, David R., Cure, Joel K., Griffin, Paul P., and Ries, William L.

Subjects
Osteopetrosis -- Drug therapy, Interferon gamma -- Health aspects
Abstract

Interferon gamma treatment may be effective in patients with congenital osteopetrosis. Osteopetrosis is a rare bone disease that causes bone to accumulate in the bone marrow. Eleven osteopetrosis patients were treated with subcutaneous injections of interferon gamma-1b three times a week for 18 months. Three others received interferon gamma for six months but discontinued it. All of the patients improved on the treatment and bone marrow scans showed that their bone marrow had recovered. None of the 14 patients who had severe osteopetrosis died. Side effects during the initial six months of therapy included diarrhea and elevated body temperature. Interferon gamma therapy can be used for patients who are waiting for bone marrow transplants and patients who will not receive transplants.

Published
1995

25. Reconciling an Early Nineteenth-Century Rupture of the Alpine Fault at a Section End, Toaroha River, Westland, New Zealand.

Author

Langridge, Robert M., Villamor, Pilar, Howarth, Jamie D., Ries, William F., Clark, Kate J., and Litchfield, Nicola J.

Abstract

The Alpine fault is a high slip‐rate plate boundary fault that poses a significant seismic hazard to southern and central New Zealand. To date, the strongest paleoseismic evidence for the onshore southern and central sections indicates that the fault typically ruptures during very large (⁠Mw≥7.7⁠) to great "full‐section" earthquakes. Three paleoseismic trenches excavated at the northeastern end of its central section at the Toaroha River (Staples site) provide new insights into its surface‐rupture behavior. Paleoseismic ruptures in each trench have been dated using the best‐ranked radiocarbon dating fractions, and stratigraphically and temporally correlated between each trench. The preferred timings of the four most recent earthquakes are 1813-1848, 1673-1792, 1250-1580, and ≥1084-1276 C.E. (95% confidence intervals using OxCal 4.4). These surface‐rupture dates correlate well with reinterpreted timings of paleoearthquakes from previous trenches excavated nearby and with the timing of shaking‐triggered turbidites in lakes along the central section of the Alpine fault. Results from these trenches indicate the most recent rupture event (MRE) in this area postdates the great 1717 C.E. Alpine fault rupture (the most recent full‐section rupture of the southern and central sections). This MRE probably occurred within the early nineteenth century and is reconciled as either: (a) a "partial‐section" rupture of the central section; (b) a northern section rupture that continued to the southwest; or (c) triggered slip from a Hope‐Kelly fault rupture at the southwestern end of the Marlborough fault system (MFS). Although, no single scenario is currently favored, our results indicate that the behavior of the Alpine fault is more complex in the north, as the plate boundary transitions into the MFS. An important outcome is that sites or towns near fault intersections and section ends may experience strong ground motions more frequently due to locally shorter rupture recurrence intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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26. Fiduciary liability on the rise

Author

Ries, William Campbell and Christel, Diane J.

Subjects
Bank management -- Methods, Banking industry -- Laws, regulations and rules, Fiduciary duties -- Laws, regulations and rules, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

Banking professionals should be aware of the fact that legal actions filed against fiduciaries have been increasing, with many of the cases ending in judgements against the fiduciaries. The areas of fiduciary liability include a bank placing its interests before its customers, failure to comply with communications requirements, and improper fees. The steps banks can take to reduce their exposure to legal action involving fiduciary responsibilities include hiring competent employees, implementing adequate policies and procedures, and conducting audits.

Published
1991

27. Surface Rupture of Multiple Crustal Faults in the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake

Author

Litchfield, Nicola J., primary, Villamor, Pilar, additional, Dissen, Russ J. Van, additional, Nicol, Andrew, additional, Barnes, Philip M., additional, A. Barrell, David J., additional, Pettinga, Jarg R., additional, Langridge, Robert M., additional, Little, Timothy A., additional, Mountjoy, Joshu J., additional, Ries, William F., additional, Rowland, Julie, additional, Fenton, Clark, additional, Stirling, Mark W., additional, Kearse, Jesse, additional, Berryman, Kelvin R., additional, Cochran, Ursula A., additional, Clark, Kate J., additional, Hemphill‐Haley, Mark, additional, Khajavi, Narges, additional, Jones, Katie E., additional, Archibald, Garth, additional, Upton, Phaedra, additional, Asher, Cameron, additional, Benson, Adrian, additional, Cox, Simon C., additional, Gasston, Caleb, additional, Hale, Dan, additional, Hall, Brendan, additional, Hatem, Alexandra E., additional, Heron, David W., additional, Howarth, Jamie, additional, Kane, Tim J., additional, Lamarche, Geoffroy, additional, Lawson, Steve, additional, Lukovic, Biljana, additional, McColl, Samuel T., additional, Madugo, Christopher, additional, Manousakis, John, additional, Noble, Duncan, additional, Pedley, Kate, additional, Sauer, Katrina, additional, Stahl, Timothy, additional, Strong, Delia T., additional, Townsend, Dougal B., additional, Toy, Virginia, additional, Williams, Jack, additional, Woelz, Suzanne, additional, and Zinke, Robert, additional

Published
2018
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28. Coseismic Rupture and Preliminary Slip Estimates for the Papatea Fault and Its Role in the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand, Earthquake

Author

Langridge, Robert M., primary, Rowland, Julie, additional, Villamor, Pilar, additional, Mountjoy, Joshu, additional, Townsend, Dougal B., additional, Nissen, Edwin, additional, Madugo, Christopher, additional, Ries, William F., additional, Gasston, Caleb, additional, Canva, Albane, additional, Hatem, Alexandra E., additional, and Hamling, Ian, additional

Published
2018
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30. The Use of a Bone Block Graft from the Chin for Alveolar Ridge Augmentation.

Author

Zeiter, Daniel J., Ries, William L., and Sanders, John J.

Subjects
ALVEOLAR process, PERIODONTAL disease, ORAL diseases, PERIODONTICS, BONE grafting, DENTAL implants, DENTAL technology, DENTISTRY, CHIN
Abstract

Periodontal disease and tooth loss often leave the patient with an alveolar ridge that is less than adequate for endosseous implant placement. Alveolar bone grafting offers a clinically successful treatment option to regain all or some of this lost bone. This article describes the use of a bone block from the chin for the augmentation of the alveolar ridge. It relates the clinical techniques to the healing process in an effort to better understand the events involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000

32. The Use of a Soft Tissue Expander in an Alveolar Bone Ridge Augmentation for Implant Placement.

Author

Zeiter, Daniel J., Ries, William L., Weir, Tom L., Mishkin, David J., Hendley, Thomas H., and Sanders, John J.

Subjects
GUIDED bone regeneration, ALVEOLAR process, SURGICAL flaps, ENDOSSEOUS dental implants, ORAL surgery, MANDIBLE
Abstract

A narrow mandibular posterior alveolar ridge was modified by the use of a soft tissue expander to generate adequate tissue for graft coverage. The principles of osteoperiosteal flaps were combined with guided bone regeneration techniques for an optimum amount of bone at the site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1998

33. OCC opens the door for nationwide trust operations

Author

Ries, William Campbell and Costa, Leilani

Subjects
United States. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency -- Powers and duties, Trust companies -- Laws, regulations and rules, National banks -- Services, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) has finally abrogated long-standing state laws prohibiting national banks from offering trust services all over the country. It was compelled to make such a decision after Banc One Corp. questioned the applicability of state laws to national banks under Title 12 of the US Code, Sec. 92a, the federal legislation that address the fiduciary activities of national financial institutions. Analysis of the law led the OCC to conclude that such institutions are not prohibited by Sec. 92a or by the McFadden Act from providing trust services on an interstate basis. This decision has opened opportunities for national banks to achieve economies of scale and centralize their trust management and administration.

Published
1996

34. Fiduciary issues merit focus

Author

Ries, William Campbell

Subjects
Fiduciary duties -- Laws, regulations and rules, Banking industry -- Laws, regulations and rules, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

Banks that provide fiduciary services should be aware of the implications of four new developments. The first of these is the Supreme Court ruling that lifts restrictions on the sale of annuities by banks. This ruling, which opens up a potentially lucrative new source of bank revenues, was made in the 'NationsBank of North Carolina, N.A., et al, v. Variable Annuity Life Insurance Company, et al.' case. The second development concerns the exercise by state-chartered banks of their right to use funds in their discretionary accounts to acquire shares of their proprietary funds. The third development relates to recent actions of the National Association of Securities dealers to increase their control over the sale of securities by banks. Finally, there is the potential effect of the proposed Prudent Investor Rule which would allow banks to improve their ability to compete with investment firms.

Published
1995

36. Mutual funds and insurance products as powerful new tools.

Author

Ries, William C. and Voinchet, Robert G., Jr.

Subjects
Financial services industry -- Management, Banking industry -- Services, Bank investments -- Innovations
Abstract

The commercial banking industry must offer more fee-based services if it hopes to remain competitive. Interest earnings from traditional banking investments are down and other types of investment firms are garnering an ever larger share of investment business. Consequently, commercial banks must offer mutual funds, securities and insurance products to maintain their fee-based income. This approach will prevent banks from losing customers who were likely to seek other forms of investment. Furthermore, it will attract new business., Facing weak returns on their certificates of deposit and other traditional investment options, banks must now explore other, nontraditional bank products. Banks must not only control costs and maximize profits [...]

Published
1994

39. Determining Rockfall Risk in Christchurch Using Rockfalls Triggered by the 2010–2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence

Author

Massey, Chris I., primary, McSaveney, Mauri J., additional, Taig, Tony, additional, Richards, Laurie, additional, Litchfield, Nicola J., additional, Rhoades, David A., additional, McVerry, Graeme H., additional, Lukovic, Biljana, additional, Heron, David W., additional, Ries, William, additional, and Van Dissen, Russ J., additional

Published
2014
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